/*
 * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 *
 * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
 * information regarding copyright ownership.
 */


/*! \file
 * Heap implementation of priority queues adapted from the following:
 *
 *	\li "Introduction to Algorithms," Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest,
 *	MIT Press / McGraw Hill, 1990, ISBN 0-262-03141-8, chapter 7.
 *
 *	\li "Algorithms," Second Edition, Sedgewick, Addison-Wesley, 1988,
 *	ISBN 0-201-06673-4, chapter 11.
 */

#include <config.h>

#include <stdbool.h>

#include <isc/heap.h>
#include <isc/magic.h>
#include <isc/mem.h>
#include <isc/string.h>		/* Required for memmove. */
#include <isc/util.h>

/*@{*/
/*%
 * Note: to make heap_parent and heap_left easy to compute, the first
 * element of the heap array is not used; i.e. heap subscripts are 1-based,
 * not 0-based.  The parent is index/2, and the left-child is index*2.
 * The right child is index*2+1.
 */
#define heap_parent(i)			((i) >> 1)
#define heap_left(i)			((i) << 1)
/*@}*/

#define SIZE_INCREMENT			1024

#define HEAP_MAGIC			ISC_MAGIC('H', 'E', 'A', 'P')
#define VALID_HEAP(h)			ISC_MAGIC_VALID(h, HEAP_MAGIC)

/*%
 * When the heap is in a consistent state, the following invariant
 * holds true: for every element i > 1, heap_parent(i) has a priority
 * higher than or equal to that of i.
 */
#define HEAPCONDITION(i) ((i) == 1 || \
			  ! heap->compare(heap->array[(i)], \
					  heap->array[heap_parent(i)]))

/*% ISC heap structure. */
struct isc_heap {
	unsigned int			magic;
	isc_mem_t *			mctx;
	unsigned int			size;
	unsigned int			size_increment;
	unsigned int			last;
	void				**array;
	isc_heapcompare_t		compare;
	isc_heapindex_t			index;
};

#ifdef ISC_HEAP_CHECK
static void
heap_check(isc_heap_t *heap) {
	unsigned int i;
	for (i = 1; i <= heap->last; i++) {
		INSIST(HEAPCONDITION(i));
	}
}
#else
#define heap_check(x) (void)0
#endif

isc_result_t
isc_heap_create(isc_mem_t *mctx, isc_heapcompare_t compare,
		isc_heapindex_t idx, unsigned int size_increment,
		isc_heap_t **heapp)
{
	isc_heap_t *heap;

	REQUIRE(heapp != NULL && *heapp == NULL);
	REQUIRE(compare != NULL);

	heap = isc_mem_get(mctx, sizeof(*heap));
	if (heap == NULL)
		return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
	heap->magic = HEAP_MAGIC;
	heap->size = 0;
	heap->mctx = NULL;
	isc_mem_attach(mctx, &heap->mctx);
	if (size_increment == 0)
		heap->size_increment = SIZE_INCREMENT;
	else
		heap->size_increment = size_increment;
	heap->last = 0;
	heap->array = NULL;
	heap->compare = compare;
	heap->index = idx;

	*heapp = heap;

	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
}

void
isc_heap_destroy(isc_heap_t **heapp) {
	isc_heap_t *heap;

	REQUIRE(heapp != NULL);
	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP((*heapp)));

	heap = *heapp;

	if (heap->array != NULL)
		isc_mem_put(heap->mctx, heap->array,
			    heap->size * sizeof(void *));
	heap->magic = 0;
	isc_mem_putanddetach(&heap->mctx, heap, sizeof(*heap));

	*heapp = NULL;
}

static bool
resize(isc_heap_t *heap) {
	void **new_array;
	unsigned int new_size;

	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));

	new_size = heap->size + heap->size_increment;
	new_array = isc_mem_get(heap->mctx, new_size * sizeof(void *));
	if (new_array == NULL)
		return (false);
	if (heap->array != NULL) {
		memmove(new_array, heap->array, heap->size * sizeof(void *));
		isc_mem_put(heap->mctx, heap->array,
			    heap->size * sizeof(void *));
	}
	heap->size = new_size;
	heap->array = new_array;

	return (true);
}

static void
float_up(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int i, void *elt) {
	unsigned int p;

	for (p = heap_parent(i) ;
	     i > 1 && heap->compare(elt, heap->array[p]) ;
	     i = p, p = heap_parent(i)) {
		heap->array[i] = heap->array[p];
		if (heap->index != NULL)
			(heap->index)(heap->array[i], i);
	}
	heap->array[i] = elt;
	if (heap->index != NULL)
		(heap->index)(heap->array[i], i);

	INSIST(HEAPCONDITION(i));
	heap_check(heap);
}

static void
sink_down(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int i, void *elt) {
	unsigned int j, size, half_size;
	size = heap->last;
	half_size = size / 2;
	while (i <= half_size) {
		/* Find the smallest of the (at most) two children. */
		j = heap_left(i);
		if (j < size && heap->compare(heap->array[j+1],
					      heap->array[j]))
			j++;
		if (heap->compare(elt, heap->array[j]))
			break;
		heap->array[i] = heap->array[j];
		if (heap->index != NULL)
			(heap->index)(heap->array[i], i);
		i = j;
	}
	heap->array[i] = elt;
	if (heap->index != NULL)
		(heap->index)(heap->array[i], i);

	INSIST(HEAPCONDITION(i));
	heap_check(heap);
}

isc_result_t
isc_heap_insert(isc_heap_t *heap, void *elt) {
	unsigned int new_last;

	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));

	heap_check(heap);
	new_last = heap->last + 1;
	RUNTIME_CHECK(new_last > 0); /* overflow check */
	if (new_last >= heap->size && !resize(heap))
		return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
	heap->last = new_last;

	float_up(heap, new_last, elt);

	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
}

void
isc_heap_delete(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int idx) {
	void *elt;
	bool less;

	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));
	REQUIRE(idx >= 1 && idx <= heap->last);

	heap_check(heap);
	if (heap->index != NULL)
		(heap->index)(heap->array[idx], 0);
	if (idx == heap->last) {
		heap->array[heap->last] = NULL;
		heap->last--;
		heap_check(heap);
	} else {
		elt = heap->array[heap->last];
		heap->array[heap->last] = NULL;
		heap->last--;

		less = heap->compare(elt, heap->array[idx]);
		heap->array[idx] = elt;
		if (less)
			float_up(heap, idx, heap->array[idx]);
		else
			sink_down(heap, idx, heap->array[idx]);
	}
}

void
isc_heap_increased(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int idx) {
	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));
	REQUIRE(idx >= 1 && idx <= heap->last);

	float_up(heap, idx, heap->array[idx]);
}

void
isc_heap_decreased(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int idx) {
	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));
	REQUIRE(idx >= 1 && idx <= heap->last);

	sink_down(heap, idx, heap->array[idx]);
}

void *
isc_heap_element(isc_heap_t *heap, unsigned int idx) {
	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));
	REQUIRE(idx >= 1);

	heap_check(heap);
	if (idx <= heap->last)
		return (heap->array[idx]);
	return (NULL);
}

void
isc_heap_foreach(isc_heap_t *heap, isc_heapaction_t action, void *uap) {
	unsigned int i;

	REQUIRE(VALID_HEAP(heap));
	REQUIRE(action != NULL);

	for (i = 1 ; i <= heap->last ; i++)
		(action)(heap->array[i], uap);
}