/**
 * Licensed to the University Corporation for Advanced Internet
 * Development, Inc. (UCAID) under one or more contributor license
 * agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for
 * additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *
 * UCAID licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
 * License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific
 * language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * AbstractHandler.cpp
 *
 * Base class for handlers based on a DOMPropertySet.
 */

#include "internal.h"
#include "exceptions.h"
#include "Application.h"
#include "ServiceProvider.h"
#include "SPRequest.h"
#include "handler/AbstractHandler.h"
#include "handler/LogoutHandler.h"
#include "remoting/ListenerService.h"
#include "util/CGIParser.h"
#include "util/SPConstants.h"
#include "util/TemplateParameters.h"

#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#define BOOST_BIND_GLOBAL_PLACEHOLDERS
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <xmltooling/XMLToolingConfig.h>
#include <xmltooling/util/PathResolver.h>
#include <xmltooling/util/URLEncoder.h>


#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE
# include <saml/exceptions.h>
# include <saml/SAMLConfig.h>
# include <saml/binding/SAMLArtifact.h>
# include <saml/saml1/core/Protocols.h>
# include <saml/saml2/core/Protocols.h>
# include <saml/saml2/metadata/Metadata.h>
# include <saml/saml2/metadata/MetadataCredentialCriteria.h>
# include <saml/util/SAMLConstants.h>
# include <xmltooling/security/Credential.h>
# include <xmltooling/security/CredentialResolver.h>
# include <xmltooling/util/StorageService.h>
using namespace opensaml::saml2md;
using namespace opensaml;
#else
# include "lite/SAMLConstants.h"
#endif

#include <xmltooling/XMLToolingConfig.h>
#include <xmltooling/util/URLEncoder.h>

using namespace shibsp;
using namespace samlconstants;
using namespace xmltooling;
using namespace xercesc;
using namespace boost;
using namespace std;

namespace shibsp {
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SAML1ConsumerFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SAML2ConsumerFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SAML2ArtifactResolutionFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SAML2LogoutFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory AssertionLookupFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory AttributeCheckerFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory DiscoveryFeedFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory ExternalAuthFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory MetadataGeneratorFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory StatusHandlerFactory;
    SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL PluginManager< Handler,string,pair<const DOMElement*,const char*> >::Factory SessionHandlerFactory;


    void SHIBSP_DLLLOCAL generateRandomHex(std::string& buf, unsigned int len) {
        static char DIGITS[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
        int r;
        unsigned char b1,b2;
        buf.erase();
        for (unsigned int i=0; i<len; i+=4) {
            r = rand();
            b1 = (0x00FF & r);
            b2 = (0xFF00 & r)  >> 8;
            buf += (DIGITS[(0xF0 & b1) >> 4 ]);
            buf += (DIGITS[0x0F & b1]);
            buf += (DIGITS[(0xF0 & b2) >> 4 ]);
            buf += (DIGITS[0x0F & b2]);
        }
    }
};

void SHIBSP_API shibsp::registerHandlers()
{
    SPConfig& conf=SPConfig::getConfig();

    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML1_ASSERTION_CONSUMER_SERVICE, SAML1ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML1_PROFILE_BROWSER_ARTIFACT, SAML1ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML1_PROFILE_BROWSER_POST, SAML1ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_ASSERTION_CONSUMER_SERVICE, SAML2ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST, SAML2ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST_SIMPLESIGN, SAML2ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_ARTIFACT, SAML2ConsumerFactory);
    conf.AssertionConsumerServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_PAOS, SAML2ConsumerFactory);

    conf.ArtifactResolutionServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_ARTIFACT_RESOLUTION_SERVICE, SAML2ArtifactResolutionFactory);
    conf.ArtifactResolutionServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_SOAP, SAML2ArtifactResolutionFactory);

    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_URI, AssertionLookupFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(ATTR_CHECKER_HANDLER, AttributeCheckerFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(DISCOVERY_FEED_HANDLER, DiscoveryFeedFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(EXTERNAL_AUTH_HANDLER, ExternalAuthFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(METADATA_GENERATOR_HANDLER, MetadataGeneratorFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(STATUS_HANDLER, StatusHandlerFactory);
    conf.HandlerManager.registerFactory(SESSION_HANDLER, SessionHandlerFactory);

    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_LOGOUT_HANDLER, SAML2LogoutFactory);
    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_SOAP, SAML2LogoutFactory);
    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_REDIRECT, SAML2LogoutFactory);
    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST, SAML2LogoutFactory);
    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST_SIMPLESIGN, SAML2LogoutFactory);
    conf.SingleLogoutServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_ARTIFACT, SAML2LogoutFactory);

    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_NAMEID_MGMT_SERVICE, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_SOAP, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_REDIRECT, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_POST_SIMPLESIGN, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
    conf.ManageNameIDServiceManager.registerFactory(SAML20_BINDING_HTTP_ARTIFACT, SAML2NameIDMgmtFactory);
}

Handler::Handler()
{
}

Handler::~Handler()
{
}

#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE

void Handler::generateMetadata(SPSSODescriptor&, const char*) const
{
}

#endif

const XMLCh* Handler::getProtocolFamily() const
{
    return nullptr;
}

const char* Handler::getEventType() const
{
    return nullptr;
}

void Handler::log(SPRequest::SPLogLevel level, const string& msg) const
{
    Category::getInstance(SHIBSP_LOGCAT ".Handler").log(
        (level == SPRequest::SPDebug ? Priority::DEBUG :
        (level == SPRequest::SPInfo ? Priority::INFO :
        (level == SPRequest::SPWarn ? Priority::WARN :
        (level == SPRequest::SPError ? Priority::ERROR : Priority::CRIT)))),
        msg
        );
}

void Handler::cleanRelayState(
    const Application& application, const xmltooling::HTTPRequest& request, xmltooling::HTTPResponse& response
    ) const
{
    pair<bool,const char*> mech = getString("relayState");
    if (!mech.first) {
        // Check for setting on Sessions element.
        const PropertySet* sessionprop = application.getPropertySet("Sessions");
        if (sessionprop) {
            mech = sessionprop->getString("relayState");
        }
    }

    int maxRSCookies = 20,purgedRSCookies = 0;
    int maxOSCookies = 20,purgedOSCookies = 0;

    if (mech.first && !strncmp(mech.second, "cookie", 6)) {
        mech.second += 6;
        if (*mech.second == ':' && isdigit(*(++mech.second))) {
            maxRSCookies = maxOSCookies = atoi(mech.second);
            if (maxRSCookies == 0) {
                maxRSCookies = maxOSCookies = 20;
            }
        }
    }

    // Walk the list of cookies backwards by name.
    const map<string,string>& cookies = request.getCookies();
    for (map<string,string>::const_reverse_iterator i = cookies.rbegin(); i != cookies.rend(); ++i) {
        if (starts_with(i->first, "_shibstate_")) {
            if (maxRSCookies > 0) {
                // Keep it, but count it against the limit.
                --maxRSCookies;
            }
            else {
                // We're over the limit, so everything here and older gets cleaned up.
                response.setCookie(i->first.c_str(), nullptr, 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
                ++purgedRSCookies;
            }
        }
        else if (starts_with(i->first, "_opensaml_req_")) {
            if (maxOSCookies > 0) {
                // Keep it, but count it against the limit.
                --maxOSCookies;
            }
            else {
                // We're over the limit, so everything here and older gets cleaned up.
                response.setCookie(i->first.c_str(), nullptr, 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
                ++purgedOSCookies;
            }
        }
    }

    if (purgedRSCookies > 0)
        log(SPRequest::SPDebug, string("purged ") + lexical_cast<string>(purgedRSCookies) + " stale relay state cookie(s) from client");
    if (purgedOSCookies > 0)
        log(SPRequest::SPDebug, string("purged ") + lexical_cast<string>(purgedOSCookies) + " stale request correlation cookie(s) from client");
}

void Handler::preserveRelayState(const Application& application, HTTPResponse& response, string& relayState) const
{
    // The empty string implies no state to deal with but we need to generate a correlation handle.
    if (relayState.empty()) {
        generateRandomHex(relayState, 4);
        relayState = "corr:" + lexical_cast<string>(time(nullptr)) + '_' + relayState;
        return;
    }

    // No setting means just pass state by value.
    pair<bool,const char*> mech = getString("relayState");
    if (!mech.first) {
        // Check for setting on Sessions element.
        const PropertySet* sessionprop = application.getPropertySet("Sessions");
        if (sessionprop)
            mech = sessionprop->getString("relayState");
    }
    if (!mech.first || !mech.second || !*mech.second)
        return;

    if (!strncmp(mech.second, "cookie", 6)) {
        // Here we store the state in a cookie and send a fixed
        // value so we can recognize it on the way back.
        if (relayState.find("cookie:") != 0 && relayState.find("ss:") != 0) {
            // Generate a random key for the cookie name instead of the fixed name.
            string rsKey;
            generateRandomHex(rsKey, 4);
            rsKey = lexical_cast<string>(time(nullptr)) + '_' + rsKey;
            string shib_cookie_name = "_shibstate_" + rsKey;
            response.setCookie(shib_cookie_name.c_str(),
                XMLToolingConfig::getConfig().getURLEncoder()->encode(relayState.c_str()).c_str(),
                0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
            relayState = "cookie:" + rsKey;
        }
    }
    else if (!strncmp(mech.second, "ss:", 3)) {
        if (relayState.find("cookie:") != 0 && relayState.find("ss:") != 0) {
            mech.second+=3;
            if (*mech.second) {
                if (SPConfig::getConfig().isEnabled(SPConfig::OutOfProcess)) {
#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE
                    StorageService* storage = application.getServiceProvider().getStorageService(mech.second);
                    if (storage) {
                        // Use a random key
                        string rsKey;
                        SAMLConfig::getConfig().generateRandomBytes(rsKey,32);
                        rsKey = SAMLArtifact::toHex(rsKey);
                        if (relayState.length() <= storage->getCapabilities().getStringSize()) {
                            if (!storage->createString("RelayState", rsKey.c_str(), relayState.c_str(), time(nullptr) + 600))
                                throw IOException("Collision generating in-memory relay state key.");
                        }
                        else {
                            if (!storage->createText("RelayState", rsKey.c_str(), relayState.c_str(), time(nullptr) + 600))
                                throw IOException("Collision generating in-memory relay state key.");
                        }
                        relayState = string(mech.second-3) + ':' + rsKey;
                    }
                    else {
                        string msg("Storage-backed RelayState with invalid StorageService ID (");
                        msg = msg + mech.second+ ')';
                        log(SPRequest::SPError, msg);
                        relayState.erase();
                    }
#else
                    throw ConfigurationException("Lite version of library cannot be used out of process.");
#endif
                }
                else if (SPConfig::getConfig().isEnabled(SPConfig::InProcess)) {
                    DDF out,in = DDF("set::RelayState").structure();
                    in.addmember("id").string(mech.second);
                    in.addmember("value").unsafe_string(relayState.c_str());
                    DDFJanitor jin(in),jout(out);
                    out = application.getServiceProvider().getListenerService()->send(in);
                    if (!out.isstring())
                        throw IOException("StorageService-backed RelayState mechanism did not return a state key.");
                    relayState = string(mech.second-3) + ':' + out.string();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        throw ConfigurationException("Unsupported relayState mechanism ($1).", params(1,mech.second));
    }
}

void Handler::recoverRelayState(
    const Application& application, const HTTPRequest& request, HTTPResponse& response, string& relayState, bool clear
    ) const
{
    SPConfig& conf = SPConfig::getConfig();

    // Sentry value that signifies it was only a correlation tool.
    if (starts_with(relayState, "corr:")) {
        relayState.clear();
        return;
    }

    // Look for StorageService-backed state of the form "ss:SSID:key".
    const char* state = relayState.c_str();
    if (strstr(state,"ss:") == state) {
        state += 3;
        const char* key = strchr(state,':');
        if (key) {
            string ssid = relayState.substr(3, key - state);
            key++;
            if (!ssid.empty() && *key) {
                if (conf.isEnabled(SPConfig::OutOfProcess)) {
#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE
                    StorageService* storage = conf.getServiceProvider()->getStorageService(ssid.c_str());
                    if (storage) {
                        ssid = key;
                        if (storage->readString("RelayState",ssid.c_str(),&relayState) > 0) {
                            if (clear)
                                storage->deleteString("RelayState",ssid.c_str());
                            request.absolutize(relayState);
                            return;
                        }
                        else if (storage->readText("RelayState",ssid.c_str(),&relayState) > 0) {
                            if (clear)
                                storage->deleteText("RelayState",ssid.c_str());
                            request.absolutize(relayState);
                            return;
                        }
                        else {
                            relayState.erase();
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        string msg("Storage-backed RelayState with invalid StorageService ID (");
                        msg += ssid + ')';
                        log(SPRequest::SPError, msg);
                        relayState.erase();
                    }
#endif
                }
                else if (conf.isEnabled(SPConfig::InProcess)) {
                    DDF out,in = DDF("get::RelayState").structure();
                    in.addmember("id").string(ssid.c_str());
                    in.addmember("key").string(key);
                    in.addmember("clear").integer(clear ? 1 : 0);
                    DDFJanitor jin(in),jout(out);
                    out = application.getServiceProvider().getListenerService()->send(in);
                    if (!out.isstring()) {
                        log(SPRequest::SPError, "StorageService-backed RelayState mechanism did not return a state value.");
                        relayState.erase();
                    }
                    else {
                        relayState = out.string();
                        request.absolutize(relayState);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Look for cookie-backed state of the form "cookie:timestamp_key".
    state = relayState.c_str();
    if (strstr(state,"cookie:") == state) {
        state += 7;
        if (*state) {
            // Pull the value from the "relay state" cookie.
            string relay_cookie = string("_shibstate_") + state;
            state = request.getCookie(relay_cookie.c_str());
            if (state && *state) {
                // URL-decode the value.
                char* rscopy = strdup(state);
                XMLToolingConfig::getConfig().getURLEncoder()->decode(rscopy);
                relayState = rscopy;
                free(rscopy);
                if (clear) {
                    response.setCookie(relay_cookie.c_str(), nullptr, 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
                }
                request.absolutize(relayState);
                return;
            }
        }

        relayState.erase();
    }

    // Check for "default" value (or the old "cookie" value that might come from stale bookmarks).
    if (relayState.empty() || relayState == "default" || relayState == "cookie") {
        pair<bool,const char*> homeURL=application.getString("homeURL");
        if (homeURL.first)
            relayState = homeURL.second;
        else
            relayState = '/';
    }

    request.absolutize(relayState);
}

AbstractHandler::AbstractHandler(
    const DOMElement* e, Category& log, DOMNodeFilter* filter, const Remapper* remapper
    ) : m_log(log) {
    load(e, nullptr, filter, remapper);
}

AbstractHandler::~AbstractHandler()
{
}

void AbstractHandler::log(SPRequest::SPLogLevel level, const string& msg) const
{
    m_log.log(
        (level == SPRequest::SPDebug ? Priority::DEBUG :
        (level == SPRequest::SPInfo ? Priority::INFO :
        (level == SPRequest::SPWarn ? Priority::WARN :
        (level == SPRequest::SPError ? Priority::ERROR : Priority::CRIT)))),
        msg
        );
}

#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE

const char* Handler::getType() const
{
    return getString("type").second;
}

void AbstractHandler::checkError(const XMLObject* response, const saml2md::RoleDescriptor* role) const
{
    const saml2p::StatusResponseType* r2 = dynamic_cast<const saml2p::StatusResponseType*>(response);
    if (r2) {
        const saml2p::Status* status = r2->getStatus();
        if (status) {
            const saml2p::StatusCode* sc = status->getStatusCode();
            const XMLCh* code = sc ? sc->getValue() : nullptr;
            if (code && !XMLString::equals(code,saml2p::StatusCode::SUCCESS)) {
                FatalProfileException ex("SAML response reported an IdP error.");
                annotateException(&ex, role, status);   // throws it
            }
        }
    }

    const saml1p::Response* r1 = dynamic_cast<const saml1p::Response*>(response);
    if (r1) {
        const saml1p::Status* status = r1->getStatus();
        if (status) {
            const saml1p::StatusCode* sc = status->getStatusCode();
            const xmltooling::QName* code = sc ? sc->getValue() : nullptr;
            if (code && *code != saml1p::StatusCode::SUCCESS) {
                FatalProfileException ex("SAML response reported an IdP error.");
                annotateException(&ex, role, status);   // throws it
            }
        }
    }
}

void AbstractHandler::fillStatus(saml2p::StatusResponseType& response, const XMLCh* code, const XMLCh* subcode, const char* msg) const
{
    saml2p::Status* status = saml2p::StatusBuilder::buildStatus();
    saml2p::StatusCode* scode = saml2p::StatusCodeBuilder::buildStatusCode();
    status->setStatusCode(scode);
    scode->setValue(code);
    if (subcode) {
        saml2p::StatusCode* ssubcode = saml2p::StatusCodeBuilder::buildStatusCode();
        scode->setStatusCode(ssubcode);
        ssubcode->setValue(subcode);
    }
    if (msg) {
        pair<bool,bool> flag = getBool("detailedErrors", shibspconstants::ASCII_SHIBSPCONFIG_NS);
        auto_ptr_XMLCh widemsg((flag.first && flag.second) ? msg : "Error processing request.");
        saml2p::StatusMessage* sm = saml2p::StatusMessageBuilder::buildStatusMessage();
        status->setStatusMessage(sm);
        sm->setMessage(widemsg.get());
    }
    response.setStatus(status);
}

long AbstractHandler::sendMessage(
    const MessageEncoder& encoder,
    XMLObject* msg,
    const char* relayState,
    const char* destination,
    const saml2md::RoleDescriptor* role,
    const Application& application,
    HTTPResponse& httpResponse,
    const char* defaultSigningProperty
    ) const
{
    const EntityDescriptor* entity = role ? dynamic_cast<const EntityDescriptor*>(role->getParent()) : nullptr;
    const PropertySet* relyingParty = application.getRelyingParty(entity);
    pair<bool, const char*> flag = getString("signing");
    if (!flag.first)
        flag = getString("signing", shibspconstants::ASCII_SHIBSPCONFIG_NS);
    if (!flag.first)
        flag = relyingParty->getString("signing");
    if (SPConfig::shouldSignOrEncrypt(flag.first ? flag.second : defaultSigningProperty, destination, encoder.isUserAgentPresent())) {
        CredentialResolver* credResolver = application.getCredentialResolver();
        if (credResolver) {
            Locker credLocker(credResolver);
            const Credential* cred = nullptr;
            pair<bool,const char*> keyName = relyingParty->getString("keyName");
            pair<bool,const XMLCh*> sigalg = relyingParty->getXMLString("signingAlg");
            if (role) {
                MetadataCredentialCriteria mcc(*role);
                mcc.setUsage(Credential::SIGNING_CREDENTIAL);
                if (keyName.first)
                    mcc.getKeyNames().insert(keyName.second);
                if (sigalg.first) {
                    // Using an explicit algorithm, so resolve a credential directly.
                    mcc.setXMLAlgorithm(sigalg.second);
                    cred = credResolver->resolve(&mcc);
                }
                else {
                    // Prefer credential based on peer's requirements.
                    pair<const SigningMethod*,const Credential*> p = role->getSigningMethod(*credResolver, mcc);
                    if (p.first)
                        sigalg = make_pair(true, p.first->getAlgorithm());
                    if (p.second)
                        cred = p.second;
                }
            }
            else {
                CredentialCriteria cc;
                cc.setUsage(Credential::SIGNING_CREDENTIAL);
                if (keyName.first)
                    cc.getKeyNames().insert(keyName.second);
                if (sigalg.first)
                    cc.setXMLAlgorithm(sigalg.second);
                cred = credResolver->resolve(&cc);
            }
            if (cred) {
                // Signed request.
                pair<bool,const XMLCh*> digalg = relyingParty->getXMLString("digestAlg");
                if (!digalg.first && role) {
                    const DigestMethod* dm = role->getDigestMethod();
                    if (dm)
                        digalg = make_pair(true, dm->getAlgorithm());
                }
                return encoder.encode(
                    httpResponse,
                    msg,
                    destination,
                    entity,
                    relayState,
                    &application,
                    cred,
                    sigalg.second,
                    (digalg.first ? digalg.second : nullptr)
                    );
            }
            else {
                m_log.warn("no signing credential resolved, leaving message unsigned");
            }
        }
        else {
            m_log.warn("no credential resolver installed, leaving message unsigned");
        }
    }

    // Unsigned request.
    return encoder.encode(httpResponse, msg, destination, entity, relayState, &application);
}

#endif

void AbstractHandler::preservePostData(
    const Application& application, const HTTPRequest& request, HTTPResponse& response, const char* relayState
    ) const
{
#ifdef HAVE_STRCASECMP
    if (strcasecmp(request.getMethod(), "POST")) return;
#else
    if (stricmp(request.getMethod(), "POST")) return;
#endif

    // No specs mean no save.
    const PropertySet* props = application.getPropertySet("Sessions");
    pair<bool,const char*> mech = props ? props->getString("postData") : pair<bool,const char*>(false,nullptr);
    if (!mech.first) {
        m_log.info("postData property not supplied, form data will not be preserved across SSO");
        return;
    }

    DDF postData = getPostData(application, request);
    if (postData.isnull())
        return;

    if (strstr(mech.second,"ss:") == mech.second) {
        mech.second+=3;
        if (!*mech.second) {
            postData.destroy();
            throw ConfigurationException("Unsupported postData mechanism ($1).", params(1, mech.second - 3));
        }

        string postkey;
        if (SPConfig::getConfig().isEnabled(SPConfig::OutOfProcess)) {
            DDFJanitor postjan(postData);
#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE
            StorageService* storage = application.getServiceProvider().getStorageService(mech.second);
            if (storage) {
                // Use a random key
                string rsKey;
                SAMLConfig::getConfig().generateRandomBytes(rsKey, 32);
                rsKey = SAMLArtifact::toHex(rsKey);
                ostringstream out;
                out << postData;
                if (!storage->createText("PostData", rsKey.c_str(), out.str().c_str(), time(nullptr) + 600))
                    throw IOException("Attempted to insert duplicate storage key.");
                postkey = string(mech.second-3) + ':' + rsKey;
            }
            else {
                m_log.error("storage-backed PostData mechanism with invalid StorageService ID (%s)", mech.second);
            }
#else
            throw ConfigurationException("Lite version of library cannot be used out of process.");
#endif
        }
        else if (SPConfig::getConfig().isEnabled(SPConfig::InProcess)) {
            DDF out,in = DDF("set::PostData").structure();
            DDFJanitor jin(in),jout(out);
            in.addmember("id").string(mech.second);
            in.add(postData);
            out = application.getServiceProvider().getListenerService()->send(in);
            if (!out.isstring())
                throw IOException("StorageService-backed PostData mechanism did not return a state key.");
            postkey = string(mech.second-3) + ':' + out.string();
        }

        string shib_cookie = getPostCookieName(application, relayState);

        // Purge any cookies in excess of 25.
        int maxCookies = 20,purgedCookies = 0;

        // Walk the list of cookies backwards by name.
        const map<string,string>& cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (map<string,string>::const_reverse_iterator i = cookies.rbegin(); i != cookies.rend(); ++i) {
            // Process post data cookies only.
            if (starts_with(i->first, "_shibpost_")) {
                if (maxCookies > 0) {
                    // Keep it, but count it against the limit.
                    --maxCookies;
                }
                else {
                    // We're over the limit, so everything here and older gets cleaned up.
                    response.setCookie(i->first.c_str(), nullptr, 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
                    ++purgedCookies;
                }
            }
        }

        if (purgedCookies > 0)
            log(SPRequest::SPDebug, string("purged ") + lexical_cast<string>(purgedCookies) + " stale POST preservation cookie(s) from client");

        // Set a cookie with key info.
        response.setCookie(shib_cookie.c_str(), postkey.c_str(), 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);
    }
    else {
        postData.destroy();
        throw ConfigurationException("Unsupported postData mechanism ($1).", params(1,mech.second));
    }
}

DDF AbstractHandler::recoverPostData(
    const Application& application, const HTTPRequest& request, HTTPResponse& response, const char* relayState
    ) const
{
    string shib_cookie = getPostCookieName(application, relayState);

    // First we need the post recovery cookie.
    const char* cookie = request.getCookie(shib_cookie.c_str());
    if (!cookie || !*cookie)
        return DDF();

    // Clear the cookie.
    response.setCookie(shib_cookie.c_str(), nullptr, 0, HTTPResponse::SAMESITE_NONE);

    // Look for StorageService-backed state of the form "ss:SSID:key".
    const char* state = cookie;
    if (strstr(state, "ss:") == state) {
        state += 3;
        const char* key = strchr(state, ':');
        if (key) {
            string ssid = string(cookie).substr(3, key - state);
            key++;
            if (!ssid.empty() && *key) {
                SPConfig& conf = SPConfig::getConfig();
                if (conf.isEnabled(SPConfig::OutOfProcess)) {
#ifndef SHIBSP_LITE
                    StorageService* storage = conf.getServiceProvider()->getStorageService(ssid.c_str());
                    if (storage) {
                        if (storage->readText("PostData", key, &ssid) > 0) {
                            storage->deleteText("PostData", key);
                            istringstream inret(ssid);
                            DDF ret;
                            inret >> ret;
                            return ret;
                        }
                        else {
                            m_log.error("failed to recover form post data using key (%s)", key);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        m_log.error("storage-backed PostData with invalid StorageService ID (%s)", ssid.c_str());
                    }
#endif
                }
                else if (conf.isEnabled(SPConfig::InProcess)) {
                    DDF in = DDF("get::PostData").structure();
                    DDFJanitor jin(in);
                    in.addmember("id").string(ssid.c_str());
                    in.addmember("key").string(key);
                    DDF out = application.getServiceProvider().getListenerService()->send(in);
                    if (out.islist())
                        return out;
                    out.destroy();
                    m_log.error("storageService-backed PostData mechanism did not return preserved data.");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return DDF();
}

long AbstractHandler::sendPostResponse(
    const Application& application, HTTPResponse& httpResponse, const char* url, DDF& postData
    ) const
{
    HTTPResponse::sanitizeURL(url);

    const PropertySet* props=application.getPropertySet("Sessions");
    pair<bool,const char*> postTemplate = props ? props->getString("postTemplate") : pair<bool,const char*>(true,nullptr);
    if (!postTemplate.first)
        postTemplate.second = "postTemplate.html";

    string fname(postTemplate.second);
    ifstream infile(XMLToolingConfig::getConfig().getPathResolver()->resolve(fname, PathResolver::XMLTOOLING_CFG_FILE).c_str());
    if (!infile)
        throw ConfigurationException("Unable to access HTML template ($1).", params(1, fname.c_str()));
    TemplateParameters respParam;
    respParam.m_map["action"] = url;

    // Load the parameters into objects for the template.
    multimap<string,string>& collection = respParam.m_collectionMap["PostedData"];
    DDF param = postData.first();
    while (!param.isnull()) {
        collection.insert(pair<const string,string>(param.name(), (param.string() ? param.string() : "")));
        param = postData.next();
    }

    stringstream str;
    XMLToolingConfig::getConfig().getTemplateEngine()->run(infile, str, respParam);

    pair<bool,bool> postExpire = props ? props->getBool("postExpire") : make_pair(false,false);

    httpResponse.setContentType("text/html");
    if (!postExpire.first || postExpire.second) {
        httpResponse.setResponseHeader("Expires", "Wed, 01 Jan 1997 12:00:00 GMT");
        httpResponse.setResponseHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private, max-age=0");
        httpResponse.setResponseHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    }
    return httpResponse.sendResponse(str);
}

string AbstractHandler::getPostCookieName(const Application& app, const char* relayState) const
{
    // Decorates the name of the cookie with the relay state key, if any.
    // Doing so gives a better assurance that the recovered data really
    // belongs to the relayed request.
    if (strstr(relayState, "cookie:") == relayState) {
        return string("_shibpost_") + (relayState + 7);
    }
    else if (strstr(relayState, "ss:") == relayState) {
        const char* pch = strchr(relayState + 3, ':');
        if (pch)
            return string("_shibpost_") + (pch + 1);
    }
    return app.getCookieName("_shibpost_");
}

DDF AbstractHandler::getPostData(const Application& application, const HTTPRequest& request) const
{
    string contentType = request.getContentType();
    if (contentType.find("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") != string::npos) {
        const PropertySet* props = application.getPropertySet("Sessions");
        pair<bool,unsigned int> plimit = props ? props->getUnsignedInt("postLimit") : pair<bool,unsigned int>(false,0);
        if (!plimit.first)
            plimit.second = 1024 * 1024;
        if (plimit.second == 0 || request.getContentLength() <= plimit.second) {
            CGIParser cgi(request);
            pair<CGIParser::walker,CGIParser::walker> params = cgi.getParameters(nullptr);
            if (params.first == params.second)
                return DDF("parameters").list();
            DDF child;
            DDF ret = DDF("parameters").list();
            for (; params.first != params.second; ++params.first) {
                if (!params.first->first.empty()) {
                    child = DDF(params.first->first.c_str()).unsafe_string(params.first->second);
                    ret.add(child);
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }
        else {
            m_log.warn("POST limit exceeded, ignoring %d bytes of posted data", request.getContentLength());
        }
    }
    else {
        m_log.info("ignoring POST data with non-standard encoding (%s)", contentType.c_str());
    }
    return DDF();
}

pair<bool,bool> AbstractHandler::getBool(const char* name, const HTTPRequest& request, unsigned int type) const
{
    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_REQUEST) {
        const char* param = request.getParameter(name);
        if (param && *param)
            return make_pair(true, (*param=='t' || *param=='1'));
    }
    
    const SPRequest* sprequest = dynamic_cast<const SPRequest*>(&request);
    if (sprequest && (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_MAP)) {
        pair<bool,bool> ret = sprequest->getRequestSettings().first->getBool(name);
        if (ret.first)
            return ret;
    }

    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_FIXED) {
        return getBool(name);
    }

    return make_pair(false,false);
}

pair<bool,const char*> AbstractHandler::getString(const char* name, const HTTPRequest& request, unsigned int type) const
{
    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_REQUEST) {
        const char* param = request.getParameter(name);
        if (param && *param)
            return make_pair(true, param);
    }
    
    const SPRequest* sprequest = dynamic_cast<const SPRequest*>(&request);
    if (sprequest && (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_MAP)) {
        pair<bool,const char*> ret = sprequest->getRequestSettings().first->getString(name);
        if (ret.first)
            return ret;
    }

    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_FIXED) {
        return getString(name);
    }

    return pair<bool,const char*>(false,nullptr);
}

pair<bool,unsigned int> AbstractHandler::getUnsignedInt(const char* name, const HTTPRequest& request, unsigned int type) const
{
    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_REQUEST) {
        const char* param = request.getParameter(name);
        if (param && *param) {
            try {
                return pair<bool,unsigned int>(true, lexical_cast<unsigned int>(param));
            }
            catch (bad_lexical_cast&) {
                return pair<bool,unsigned int>(false,0);
            }
        }
    }
    
    const SPRequest* sprequest = dynamic_cast<const SPRequest*>(&request);
    if (sprequest && (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_MAP)) {
        pair<bool,unsigned int> ret = sprequest->getRequestSettings().first->getUnsignedInt(name);
        if (ret.first)
            return ret;
    }

    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_FIXED) {
        return getUnsignedInt(name);
    }

    return pair<bool,unsigned int>(false,0);
}

pair<bool,int> AbstractHandler::getInt(const char* name, const HTTPRequest& request, unsigned int type) const
{
    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_REQUEST) {
        const char* param = request.getParameter(name);
        if (param && *param)
            return pair<bool,int>(true, atoi(param));
    }
    
    const SPRequest* sprequest = dynamic_cast<const SPRequest*>(&request);
    if (sprequest && (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_MAP)) {
        pair<bool,int> ret = sprequest->getRequestSettings().first->getInt(name);
        if (ret.first)
            return ret;
    }

    if (type & HANDLER_PROPERTY_FIXED) {
        return getInt(name);
    }

    return pair<bool,int>(false,0);
}