.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1986 The Regents of the University of California. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. .\" .\" @(#)0.t 6.4 (Berkeley) 03/07/89 .\" .if n .ND .TL Networking Implementation Notes .br 4.3BSD Edition .AU Samuel J. Leffler, William N. Joy, Robert S. Fabry, and Michael J. Karels .AI Computer Systems Research Group Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 .AB .FS * UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. .FE This report describes the internal structure of the networking facilities developed for the 4.3BSD version of the UNIX* operating system for the VAX\(dg. These facilities .FS \(dg DEC, VAX, DECnet, and UNIBUS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. .FE are based on several central abstractions which structure the external (user) view of network communication as well as the internal (system) implementation. .PP The report documents the internal structure of the networking system. The ``Berkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.3BSD Edition'' (PS1:6) provides a description of the user interface to the networking facilities. .sp .LP Revised .AE .LP .\".de PT .\".lt \\n(LLu .\".pc % .\".nr PN \\n% .\".tl '\\*(LH'\\*(CH'\\*(RH' .\".lt \\n(.lu .\".. .\".ds RH Contents .OH 'Networking Implementation Notes''SMM:15-%' .EH 'SMM:15-%''Networking Implementation Notes' .bp .ce .B "TABLE OF CONTENTS" .LP .sp 1 .nf .B "1. Introduction" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "2. Overview" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "3. Goals .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "4. Internal address representation" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "5. Memory management" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "6. Internal layering 6.1. Socket layer 6.1.1. Socket state 6.1.2. Socket data queues 6.1.3. Socket connection queuing 6.2. Protocol layer(s) 6.3. Network-interface layer 6.3.1. UNIBUS interfaces .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "7. Socket/protocol interface" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "8. Protocol/protocol interface" 8.1. pr_output 8.2. pr_input 8.3. pr_ctlinput 8.4. pr_ctloutput .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "9. Protocol/network-interface interface" 9.1. Packet transmission 9.2. Packet reception .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "10. Gateways and routing issues 10.1. Routing tables 10.2. Routing table interface 10.3. User level routing policies .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "11. Raw sockets" 11.1. Control blocks 11.2. Input processing 11.3. Output processing .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "12. Buffering and congestion control" 12.1. Memory management 12.2. Protocol buffering policies 12.3. Queue limiting 12.4. Packet forwarding .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "13. Out of band data" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B "14. Trailer protocols" .LP .sp .5v .nf .B Acknowledgements .LP .sp .5v .nf .B References .bp .de _d .if t .ta .6i 2.1i 2.6i .\" 2.94 went to 2.6, 3.64 to 3.30 .if n .ta .84i 2.6i 3.30i .. .de _f .if t .ta .5i 1.25i 2.5i .\" 3.5i went to 3.8i .if n .ta .7i 1.75i 3.8i ..