path_util.c - OpenGrok cross reference for /dports/graphics/blender/blender-2.91.0/source/blender/blenlib/intern/path_util.c

/*
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * The Original Code is Copyright (C) 2001-2002 by NaN Holding BV.
 * All rights reserved.
 * various string, file, list operations.
 */

/** \file
 * \ingroup bli
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "DNA_listBase.h"

#include "BLI_fileops.h"
#include "BLI_fnmatch.h"
#include "BLI_path_util.h"
#include "BLI_string.h"
#include "BLI_utildefines.h"

#ifdef WIN32
#  include "utf_winfunc.h"
#  include "utfconv.h"
#  include <io.h>
#  ifdef _WIN32_IE
#    undef _WIN32_IE
#  endif
#  define _WIN32_IE 0x0501
#  include "BLI_alloca.h"
#  include "BLI_winstuff.h"
#  include <shlobj.h>
#  include <windows.h>
#else
#  include "unistd.h"
#endif /* WIN32 */

#include "MEM_guardedalloc.h"

/* Declarations */

#ifdef WIN32

/**
 * Return true if the path is absolute ie starts with a drive specifier
 * (eg A:\) or is a UNC path.
 */
static bool BLI_path_is_abs(const char *name);

#endif /* WIN32 */

// #define DEBUG_STRSIZE

/* implementation */

/**
 * Looks for a sequence of decimal digits in string, preceding any filename extension,
 * returning the integer value if found, or 0 if not.
 *
 * \param string: String to scan.
 * \param head: Optional area to return copy of part of string prior to digits,
 * or before dot if no digits.
 * \param tail: Optional area to return copy of part of string following digits,
 * or from dot if no digits.
 * \param r_num_len: Optional to return number of digits found.
 */
int BLI_path_sequence_decode(const char *string, char *head, char *tail, ushort *r_num_len)
{
  uint nums = 0, nume = 0;
  int i;
  bool found_digit = false;
  const char *const lslash = BLI_path_slash_rfind(string);
  const uint string_len = strlen(string);
  const uint lslash_len = lslash != NULL ? (int)(lslash - string) : 0;
  uint name_end = string_len;

  while (name_end > lslash_len && string[--name_end] != '.') {
    /* name ends at dot if present */
  }
  if (name_end == lslash_len && string[name_end] != '.') {
    name_end = string_len;
  }

  for (i = name_end - 1; i >= (int)lslash_len; i--) {
    if (isdigit(string[i])) {
      if (found_digit) {
        nums = i;
      }
      else {
        nume = i;
        nums = i;
        found_digit = true;
      }
    }
    else {
      if (found_digit) {
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (found_digit) {
    const long long int ret = strtoll(&(string[nums]), NULL, 10);
    if (ret >= INT_MIN && ret <= INT_MAX) {
      if (tail) {
        strcpy(tail, &string[nume + 1]);
      }
      if (head) {
        strcpy(head, string);
        head[nums] = 0;
      }
      if (r_num_len) {
        *r_num_len = nume - nums + 1;
      }
      return (int)ret;
    }
  }

  if (tail) {
    strcpy(tail, string + name_end);
  }
  if (head) {
    /* name_end points to last character of head,
     * make it +1 so null-terminator is nicely placed
     */
    BLI_strncpy(head, string, name_end + 1);
  }
  if (r_num_len) {
    *r_num_len = 0;
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
 * Returns in area pointed to by string a string of the form "<head><pic><tail>", where pic
 * is formatted as numlen digits with leading zeroes.
 */
void BLI_path_sequence_encode(
    char *string, const char *head, const char *tail, unsigned short numlen, int pic)
{
  sprintf(string, "%s%.*d%s", head, numlen, MAX2(0, pic), tail);
}

static int BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(const char *path); /* defined below in same file */

/* ******************** string encoding ***************** */

/**
 * Remove redundant characters from \a path and optionally make absolute.
 *
 * \param relabase: The path this is relative to, or ignored when NULL.
 * \param path: Can be any input, and this function converts it to a regular full path.
 * Also removes garbage from directory paths, like `/../` or double slashes etc.
 *
 * \note \a path isn't protected for max string names...
 */
void BLI_path_normalize(const char *relabase, char *path)
{
  ptrdiff_t a;
  char *start, *eind;
  if (relabase) {
    BLI_path_abs(path, relabase);
  }
  else {
    if (path[0] == '/' && path[1] == '/') {
      if (path[2] == '\0') {
        return; /* path is "//" - cant clean it */
      }
      path = path + 2; /* leave the initial "//" untouched */
    }
  }

  /* Note
   *   memmove(start, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
   * is the same as
   *   strcpy(start, eind);
   * except strcpy should not be used because there is overlap,
   * so use memmove's slightly more obscure syntax - Campbell
   */

#ifdef WIN32
  while ((start = strstr(path, "\\..\\"))) {
    eind = start + strlen("\\..\\") - 1;
    a = start - path - 1;
    while (a > 0) {
      if (path[a] == '\\') {
        break;
      }
      a--;
    }
    if (a < 0) {
      break;
    }
    else {
      memmove(path + a, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
    }
  }

  while ((start = strstr(path, "\\.\\"))) {
    eind = start + strlen("\\.\\") - 1;
    memmove(start, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
  }

  /* remove two consecutive backslashes, but skip the UNC prefix,
   * which needs to be preserved */
  while ((start = strstr(path + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(path), "\\\\"))) {
    eind = start + strlen("\\\\") - 1;
    memmove(start, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
  }
#else
  while ((start = strstr(path, "/../"))) {
    a = start - path - 1;
    if (a > 0) {
      /* <prefix>/<parent>/../<postfix> => <prefix>/<postfix> */
      eind = start + (4 - 1) /* strlen("/../") - 1 */; /* strip "/.." and keep last "/" */
      while (a > 0 && path[a] != '/') {                /* find start of <parent> */
        a--;
      }
      memmove(path + a, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
    }
    else {
      /* support for odd paths: eg /../home/me --> /home/me
       * this is a valid path in blender but we cant handle this the usual way below
       * simply strip this prefix then evaluate the path as usual.
       * pythons os.path.normpath() does this */

      /* Note: previous version of following call used an offset of 3 instead of 4,
       * which meant that the "/../home/me" example actually became "home/me".
       * Using offset of 3 gives behavior consistent with the aforementioned
       * Python routine. */
      memmove(path, path + 3, strlen(path + 3) + 1);
    }
  }

  while ((start = strstr(path, "/./"))) {
    eind = start + (3 - 1) /* strlen("/./") - 1 */;
    memmove(start, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
  }

  while ((start = strstr(path, "//"))) {
    eind = start + (2 - 1) /* strlen("//") - 1 */;
    memmove(start, eind, strlen(eind) + 1);
  }
#endif
}

/**
 * Cleanup filepath ensuring a trailing slash.
 */
void BLI_path_normalize_dir(const char *relabase, char *dir)
{
  BLI_path_normalize(relabase, dir);
  BLI_path_slash_ensure(dir);
}

/**
 * Make given name safe to be used in paths.
 *
 * \return true if \a fname was changed, false otherwise.
 *
 * For now, simply replaces reserved chars (as listed in
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename#Reserved_characters_and_words )
 * by underscores ('_').
 *
 * \note Space case ' ' is a bit of an edge case here - in theory it is allowed,
 * but again can be an issue in some cases, so we simply replace it by an underscore too
 * (good practice anyway).
 * REMOVED based on popular demand (see T45900).
 * Percent '%' char is a bit same case - not recommended to use it,
 * but supported by all decent FS/OS around.
 *
 * \note On Windows, it also ensures there is no '.' (dot char) at the end of the file,
 * this can lead to issues.
 *
 * \note On Windows, it also checks for forbidden names
 * (see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ).
 */
bool BLI_filename_make_safe(char *fname)
{
  const char *invalid =
      "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f"
      "\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f"
      "/\\?*:|\"<>";
  char *fn;
  bool changed = false;

  if (*fname == '\0') {
    return changed;
  }

  for (fn = fname; *fn && (fn = strpbrk(fn, invalid)); fn++) {
    *fn = '_';
    changed = true;
  }

  /* Forbid only dots. */
  for (fn = fname; *fn == '.'; fn++) {
    /* pass */
  }
  if (*fn == '\0') {
    *fname = '_';
    changed = true;
  }

#ifdef WIN32
  {
    const size_t len = strlen(fname);
    const char *invalid_names[] = {
        "con",  "prn",  "aux",  "null", "com1", "com2", "com3", "com4",
        "com5", "com6", "com7", "com8", "com9", "lpt1", "lpt2", "lpt3",
        "lpt4", "lpt5", "lpt6", "lpt7", "lpt8", "lpt9", NULL,
    };
    char *lower_fname = BLI_strdup(fname);
    const char **iname;

    /* Forbid trailing dot (trailing space has already been replaced above). */
    if (fname[len - 1] == '.') {
      fname[len - 1] = '_';
      changed = true;
    }

    /* Check for forbidden names - not we have to check all combination
     * of upper and lower cases, hence the usage of lower_fname
     * (more efficient than using BLI_strcasestr repeatedly). */
    BLI_str_tolower_ascii(lower_fname, len);
    for (iname = invalid_names; *iname; iname++) {
      if (strstr(lower_fname, *iname) == lower_fname) {
        const size_t iname_len = strlen(*iname);
        /* Only invalid if the whole name is made of the invalid chunk, or it has an
         * (assumed extension) dot just after. This means it will also catch 'valid'
         * names like 'aux.foo.bar', but should be
         * good enough for us! */
        if ((iname_len == len) || (lower_fname[iname_len] == '.')) {
          *fname = '_';
          changed = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    MEM_freeN(lower_fname);
  }
#endif

  return changed;
}

/**
 * Make given path OS-safe.
 *
 * \return true if \a path was changed, false otherwise.
 */
bool BLI_path_make_safe(char *path)
{
  /* Simply apply BLI_filename_make_safe() over each component of the path.
   * Luckily enough, same 'safe' rules applies to filenames and dirnames. */
  char *curr_slash, *curr_path = path;
  bool changed = false;
  bool skip_first = false;

#ifdef WIN32
  if (BLI_path_is_abs(path)) {
    /* Do not make safe 'C:' in 'C:\foo\bar'... */
    skip_first = true;
  }
#endif

  for (curr_slash = (char *)BLI_path_slash_find(curr_path); curr_slash;
       curr_slash = (char *)BLI_path_slash_find(curr_path)) {
    const char backup = *curr_slash;
    *curr_slash = '\0';
    if (!skip_first && (*curr_path != '\0') && BLI_filename_make_safe(curr_path)) {
      changed = true;
    }
    skip_first = false;
    curr_path = curr_slash + 1;
    *curr_slash = backup;
  }
  if (BLI_filename_make_safe(curr_path)) {
    changed = true;
  }

  return changed;
}

/**
 * Does path begin with the special "//" prefix that Blender uses to indicate
 * a path relative to the .blend file.
 */
bool BLI_path_is_rel(const char *path)
{
  return path[0] == '/' && path[1] == '/';
}

/* return true if the path is a UNC share */
bool BLI_path_is_unc(const char *name)
{
  return name[0] == '\\' && name[1] == '\\';
}

/**
 * Returns the length of the identifying prefix
 * of a UNC path which can start with '\\' (short version)
 * or '\\?\' (long version)
 * If the path is not a UNC path, return 0
 */
static int BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(const char *path)
{
  if (BLI_path_is_unc(path)) {
    if ((path[2] == '?') && (path[3] == '\\')) {
      /* we assume long UNC path like \\?\server\share\folder etc... */
      return 4;
    }

    return 2;
  }

  return 0;
}

#if defined(WIN32)

/**
 * Return true if the path is absolute ie starts with a drive specifier
 * (eg A:\) or is a UNC path.
 */
static bool BLI_path_is_abs(const char *name)
{
  return (name[1] == ':' && ELEM(name[2], '\\', '/')) || BLI_path_is_unc(name);
}

static wchar_t *next_slash(wchar_t *path)
{
  wchar_t *slash = path;
  while (*slash && *slash != L'\\') {
    slash++;
  }
  return slash;
}

/* adds a slash if the unc path points sto a share */
static void BLI_path_add_slash_to_share(wchar_t *uncpath)
{
  wchar_t *slash_after_server = next_slash(uncpath + 2);
  if (*slash_after_server) {
    wchar_t *slash_after_share = next_slash(slash_after_server + 1);
    if (!(*slash_after_share)) {
      slash_after_share[0] = L'\\';
      slash_after_share[1] = L'\0';
    }
  }
}

static void BLI_path_unc_to_short(wchar_t *unc)
{
  wchar_t tmp[PATH_MAX];

  int len = wcslen(unc);
  /* convert:
   *    \\?\UNC\server\share\folder\... to \\server\share\folder\...
   *    \\?\C:\ to C:\ and \\?\C:\folder\... to C:\folder\...
   */
  if ((len > 3) && (unc[0] == L'\\') && (unc[1] == L'\\') && (unc[2] == L'?') &&
      ELEM(unc[3], L'\\', L'/')) {
    if ((len > 5) && (unc[5] == L':')) {
      wcsncpy(tmp, unc + 4, len - 4);
      tmp[len - 4] = L'\0';
      wcscpy(unc, tmp);
    }
    else if ((len > 7) && (wcsncmp(&unc[4], L"UNC", 3) == 0) && ELEM(unc[7], L'\\', L'/')) {
      tmp[0] = L'\\';
      tmp[1] = L'\\';
      wcsncpy(tmp + 2, unc + 8, len - 8);
      tmp[len - 6] = L'\0';
      wcscpy(unc, tmp);
    }
  }
}

void BLI_path_normalize_unc(char *path, int maxlen)
{
  wchar_t *tmp_16 = alloc_utf16_from_8(path, 1);
  BLI_path_normalize_unc_16(tmp_16);
  conv_utf_16_to_8(tmp_16, path, maxlen);
}

void BLI_path_normalize_unc_16(wchar_t *path_16)
{
  BLI_path_unc_to_short(path_16);
  BLI_path_add_slash_to_share(path_16);
}
#endif

/**
 * Replaces *file with a relative version (prefixed by "//") such that BLI_path_abs, given
 * the same *relfile, will convert it back to its original value.
 */
void BLI_path_rel(char *file, const char *relfile)
{
  const char *lslash;
  char temp[FILE_MAX];
  char res[FILE_MAX];

  /* if file is already relative, bail out */
  if (BLI_path_is_rel(file)) {
    return;
  }

  /* also bail out if relative path is not set */
  if (relfile[0] == '\0') {
    return;
  }

#ifdef WIN32
  if (BLI_strnlen(relfile, 3) > 2 && !BLI_path_is_abs(relfile)) {
    char *ptemp;
    /* fix missing volume name in relative base,
     * can happen with old recent-files.txt files */
    BLI_windows_get_default_root_dir(temp);
    ptemp = &temp[2];
    if (relfile[0] != '\\' && relfile[0] != '/') {
      ptemp++;
    }
    BLI_strncpy(ptemp, relfile, FILE_MAX - 3);
  }
  else {
    BLI_strncpy(temp, relfile, FILE_MAX);
  }

  if (BLI_strnlen(file, 3) > 2) {
    bool is_unc = BLI_path_is_unc(file);

    /* Ensure paths are both UNC paths or are both drives */
    if (BLI_path_is_unc(temp) != is_unc) {
      return;
    }

    /* Ensure both UNC paths are on the same share */
    if (is_unc) {
      int off;
      int slash = 0;
      for (off = 0; temp[off] && slash < 4; off++) {
        if (temp[off] != file[off]) {
          return;
        }

        if (temp[off] == '\\') {
          slash++;
        }
      }
    }
    else if ((temp[1] == ':' && file[1] == ':') && (tolower(temp[0]) != tolower(file[0]))) {
      return;
    }
  }
#else
  BLI_strncpy(temp, relfile, FILE_MAX);
#endif

  BLI_str_replace_char(temp + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(temp), '\\', '/');
  BLI_str_replace_char(file + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(file), '\\', '/');

  /* remove /./ which confuse the following slash counting... */
  BLI_path_normalize(NULL, file);
  BLI_path_normalize(NULL, temp);

  /* the last slash in the file indicates where the path part ends */
  lslash = BLI_path_slash_rfind(temp);

  if (lslash) {
    /* find the prefix of the filename that is equal for both filenames.
     * This is replaced by the two slashes at the beginning */
    const char *p = temp;
    const char *q = file;
    char *r = res;

#ifdef WIN32
    while (tolower(*p) == tolower(*q))
#else
    while (*p == *q)
#endif
    {
      p++;
      q++;

      /* don't search beyond the end of the string
       * in the rare case they match */
      if ((*p == '\0') || (*q == '\0')) {
        break;
      }
    }

    /* we might have passed the slash when the beginning of a dir matches
     * so we rewind. Only check on the actual filename
     */
    if (*q != '/') {
      while ((q >= file) && (*q != '/')) {
        q--;
        p--;
      }
    }
    else if (*p != '/') {
      while ((p >= temp) && (*p != '/')) {
        p--;
        q--;
      }
    }

    r += BLI_strcpy_rlen(r, "//");

    /* p now points to the slash that is at the beginning of the part
     * where the path is different from the relative path.
     * We count the number of directories we need to go up in the
     * hierarchy to arrive at the common 'prefix' of the path
     */
    if (p < temp) {
      p = temp;
    }
    while (p && p < lslash) {
      if (*p == '/') {
        r += BLI_strcpy_rlen(r, "../");
      }
      p++;
    }

    /* don't copy the slash at the beginning */
    r += BLI_strncpy_rlen(r, q + 1, FILE_MAX - (r - res));

#ifdef WIN32
    BLI_str_replace_char(res + 2, '/', '\\');
#endif
    strcpy(file, res);
  }
}

/**
 * Appends a suffix to the string, fitting it before the extension
 *
 * string = Foo.png, suffix = 123, separator = _
 * Foo.png -> Foo_123.png
 *
 * \param string: original (and final) string
 * \param maxlen: Maximum length of string
 * \param suffix: String to append to the original string
 * \param sep: Optional separator character
 * \return  true if succeeded
 */
bool BLI_path_suffix(char *string, size_t maxlen, const char *suffix, const char *sep)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(string, 0xff, sizeof(*string) * maxlen);
#endif
  const size_t string_len = strlen(string);
  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
  const size_t sep_len = strlen(sep);
  ssize_t a;
  char extension[FILE_MAX];
  bool has_extension = false;

  if (string_len + sep_len + suffix_len >= maxlen) {
    return false;
  }

  for (a = string_len - 1; a >= 0; a--) {
    if (string[a] == '.') {
      has_extension = true;
      break;
    }
    if (ELEM(string[a], '/', '\\')) {
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!has_extension) {
    a = string_len;
  }

  BLI_strncpy(extension, string + a, sizeof(extension));
  sprintf(string + a, "%s%s%s", sep, suffix, extension);
  return true;
}

/**
 * Replaces path with the path of its parent directory, returning true if
 * it was able to find a parent directory within the pathname.
 */
bool BLI_path_parent_dir(char *path)
{
  const char parent_dir[] = {'.', '.', SEP, '\0'}; /* "../" or "..\\" */
  char tmp[FILE_MAX + 4];

  BLI_join_dirfile(tmp, sizeof(tmp), path, parent_dir);
  BLI_path_normalize(NULL, tmp); /* does all the work of normalizing the path for us */

  if (!BLI_path_extension_check(tmp, parent_dir)) {
    strcpy(path, tmp); /* We assume pardir is always shorter... */
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

/**
 * Strips off nonexistent (or non-accessible) subdirectories from the end of *dir,
 * leaving the path of the lowest-level directory that does exist and we can read.
 */
bool BLI_path_parent_dir_until_exists(char *dir)
{
  bool valid_path = true;

  /* Loop as long as cur path is not a dir, and we can get a parent path. */
  while ((BLI_access(dir, R_OK) != 0) && (valid_path = BLI_path_parent_dir(dir))) {
    /* pass */
  }
  return (valid_path && dir[0]);
}

/**
 * Looks for a sequence of "#" characters in the last slash-separated component of *path,
 * returning the indexes of the first and one past the last character in the sequence in
 * *char_start and *char_end respectively. Returns true if such a sequence was found.
 */
static bool stringframe_chars(const char *path, int *char_start, int *char_end)
{
  uint ch_sta, ch_end, i;
  /* Insert current frame: file### -> file001 */
  ch_sta = ch_end = 0;
  for (i = 0; path[i] != '\0'; i++) {
    if (ELEM(path[i], '\\', '/')) {
      ch_end = 0; /* this is a directory name, don't use any hashes we found */
    }
    else if (path[i] == '#') {
      ch_sta = i;
      ch_end = ch_sta + 1;
      while (path[ch_end] == '#') {
        ch_end++;
      }
      i = ch_end - 1; /* keep searching */

      /* don't break, there may be a slash after this that invalidates the previous #'s */
    }
  }

  if (ch_end) {
    *char_start = ch_sta;
    *char_end = ch_end;
    return true;
  }

  *char_start = -1;
  *char_end = -1;
  return false;
}

/**
 * Ensure *path contains at least one "#" character in its last slash-separated
 * component, appending one digits long if not.
 */
static void ensure_digits(char *path, int digits)
{
  char *file = (char *)BLI_path_slash_rfind(path);

  if (file == NULL) {
    file = path;
  }

  if (strrchr(file, '#') == NULL) {
    int len = strlen(file);

    while (digits--) {
      file[len++] = '#';
    }
    file[len] = '\0';
  }
}

/**
 * Replaces "#" character sequence in last slash-separated component of *path
 * with frame as decimal integer, with leading zeroes as necessary, to make digits digits.
 */
bool BLI_path_frame(char *path, int frame, int digits)
{
  int ch_sta, ch_end;

  if (digits) {
    ensure_digits(path, digits);
  }

  if (stringframe_chars(path, &ch_sta, &ch_end)) { /* warning, ch_end is the last # +1 */
    char tmp[FILE_MAX];
    BLI_snprintf(
        tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.*s%.*d%s", ch_sta, path, ch_end - ch_sta, frame, path + ch_end);
    BLI_strncpy(path, tmp, FILE_MAX);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * Replaces "#" character sequence in last slash-separated component of *path
 * with sta and end as decimal integers, with leading zeroes as necessary, to make digits
 * digits each, with a hyphen in-between.
 */
bool BLI_path_frame_range(char *path, int sta, int end, int digits)
{
  int ch_sta, ch_end;

  if (digits) {
    ensure_digits(path, digits);
  }

  if (stringframe_chars(path, &ch_sta, &ch_end)) { /* warning, ch_end is the last # +1 */
    char tmp[FILE_MAX];
    BLI_snprintf(tmp,
                 sizeof(tmp),
                 "%.*s%.*d-%.*d%s",
                 ch_sta,
                 path,
                 ch_end - ch_sta,
                 sta,
                 ch_end - ch_sta,
                 end,
                 path + ch_end);
    BLI_strncpy(path, tmp, FILE_MAX);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * Get the frame from a filename formatted by blender's frame scheme
 */
bool BLI_path_frame_get(char *path, int *r_frame, int *r_numdigits)
{
  if (*path) {
    char *file = (char *)BLI_path_slash_rfind(path);
    char *c;
    int len, numdigits;

    numdigits = *r_numdigits = 0;

    if (file == NULL) {
      file = path;
    }

    /* first get the extension part */
    len = strlen(file);

    c = file + len;

    /* isolate extension */
    while (--c != file) {
      if (*c == '.') {
        c--;
        break;
      }
    }

    /* find start of number */
    while (c != (file - 1) && isdigit(*c)) {
      c--;
      numdigits++;
    }

    if (numdigits) {
      char prevchar;

      c++;
      prevchar = c[numdigits];
      c[numdigits] = 0;

      /* was the number really an extension? */
      *r_frame = atoi(c);
      c[numdigits] = prevchar;

      *r_numdigits = numdigits;

      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

void BLI_path_frame_strip(char *path, char *r_ext)
{
  *r_ext = '\0';
  if (*path == '\0') {
    return;
  }

  char *file = (char *)BLI_path_slash_rfind(path);
  char *c, *suffix;
  int len;
  int numdigits = 0;

  if (file == NULL) {
    file = path;
  }

  /* first get the extension part */
  len = strlen(file);

  c = file + len;

  /* isolate extension */
  while (--c != file) {
    if (*c == '.') {
      c--;
      break;
    }
  }

  suffix = c + 1;

  /* find start of number */
  while (c != (file - 1) && isdigit(*c)) {
    c--;
    numdigits++;
  }

  c++;

  int suffix_length = len - (suffix - file);
  BLI_strncpy(r_ext, suffix, suffix_length + 1);

  /* replace the number with the suffix and terminate the string */
  while (numdigits--) {
    *c++ = '#';
  }
  *c = '\0';
}

/**
 * Check if we have '#' chars, usable for #BLI_path_frame, #BLI_path_frame_range
 */
bool BLI_path_frame_check_chars(const char *path)
{
  int ch_sta, ch_end; /* dummy args */
  return stringframe_chars(path, &ch_sta, &ch_end);
}

/**
 * Creates a display string from path to be used menus and the user interface.
 * Like bpy.path.display_name().
 */
void BLI_path_to_display_name(char *display_name, int maxlen, const char *name)
{
  /* Strip leading underscores and spaces. */
  int strip_offset = 0;
  while (ELEM(name[strip_offset], '_', ' ')) {
    strip_offset++;
  }

  BLI_strncpy(display_name, name + strip_offset, maxlen);

  /* Replace underscores with spaces. */
  BLI_str_replace_char(display_name, '_', ' ');

  /* Strip extension. */
  BLI_path_extension_replace(display_name, maxlen, "");

  /* Test if string has any upper case characters. */
  bool all_lower = true;
  for (int i = 0; display_name[i]; i++) {
    if (isupper(display_name[i])) {
      all_lower = false;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (all_lower) {
    /* For full lowercase string, use title case. */
    bool prevspace = true;
    for (int i = 0; display_name[i]; i++) {
      if (prevspace) {
        display_name[i] = toupper(display_name[i]);
      }

      prevspace = isspace(display_name[i]);
    }
  }
}

/**
 * If path begins with "//", strips that and replaces it with basepath directory.
 *
 * \note Also converts drive-letter prefix to something more sensible
 * if this is a non-drive-letter-based system.
 *
 * \param path: The path to convert.
 * \param basepath: The directory to base relative paths with.
 * \return true if the path was relative (started with "//").
 */
bool BLI_path_abs(char *path, const char *basepath)
{
  const bool wasrelative = BLI_path_is_rel(path);
  char tmp[FILE_MAX];
  char base[FILE_MAX];
#ifdef WIN32

  /* without this: "" --> "C:\" */
  if (*path == '\0') {
    return wasrelative;
  }

  /* we are checking here if we have an absolute path that is not in the current
   * blend file as a lib main - we are basically checking for the case that a
   * UNIX root '/' is passed.
   */
  if (!wasrelative && !BLI_path_is_abs(path)) {
    char *p = path;
    BLI_windows_get_default_root_dir(tmp);
    /* Get rid of the slashes at the beginning of the path. */
    while (ELEM(*p, '\\', '/')) {
      p++;
    }
    strcat(tmp, p);
  }
  else {
    BLI_strncpy(tmp, path, FILE_MAX);
  }
#else
  BLI_strncpy(tmp, path, sizeof(tmp));

  /* Check for loading a windows path on a posix system
   * in this case, there is no use in trying C:/ since it
   * will never exist on a unix os.
   *
   * Add a '/' prefix and lowercase the drive-letter, remove the ':'.
   * C:\foo.JPG -> /c/foo.JPG */

  if (isalpha(tmp[0]) && (tmp[1] == ':') && ELEM(tmp[2], '\\', '/')) {
    tmp[1] = tolower(tmp[0]); /* Replace ':' with drive-letter. */
    tmp[0] = '/';
    /* '\' the slash will be converted later */
  }

#endif

  /* push slashes into unix mode - strings entering this part are
   * potentially messed up: having both back- and forward slashes.
   * Here we push into one conform direction, and at the end we
   * push them into the system specific dir. This ensures uniformity
   * of paths and solving some problems (and prevent potential future
   * ones) -jesterKing.
   * For UNC paths the first characters containing the UNC prefix
   * shouldn't be switched as we need to distinguish them from
   * paths relative to the .blend file -elubie */
  BLI_str_replace_char(tmp + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(tmp), '\\', '/');

  /* Paths starting with // will get the blend file as their base,
   * this isn't standard in any os but is used in blender all over the place */
  if (wasrelative) {
    const char *lslash;
    BLI_strncpy(base, basepath, sizeof(base));

    /* file component is ignored, so don't bother with the trailing slash */
    BLI_path_normalize(NULL, base);
    lslash = BLI_path_slash_rfind(base);
    BLI_str_replace_char(base + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(base), '\\', '/');

    if (lslash) {
      /* length up to and including last "/" */
      const int baselen = (int)(lslash - base) + 1;
      /* use path for temp storage here, we copy back over it right away */
      BLI_strncpy(path, tmp + 2, FILE_MAX); /* strip "//" */

      memcpy(tmp, base, baselen); /* prefix with base up to last "/" */
      BLI_strncpy(tmp + baselen, path, sizeof(tmp) - baselen); /* append path after "//" */
      BLI_strncpy(path, tmp, FILE_MAX);                        /* return as result */
    }
    else {
      /* base doesn't seem to be a directory--ignore it and just strip "//" prefix on path */
      BLI_strncpy(path, tmp + 2, FILE_MAX);
    }
  }
  else {
    /* base ignored */
    BLI_strncpy(path, tmp, FILE_MAX);
  }

#ifdef WIN32
  /* skip first two chars, which in case of
   * absolute path will be drive:/blabla and
   * in case of relpath //blabla/. So relpath
   * // will be retained, rest will be nice and
   * shiny win32 backward slashes :) -jesterKing
   */
  BLI_str_replace_char(path + 2, '/', '\\');
#endif

  /* ensure this is after correcting for path switch */
  BLI_path_normalize(NULL, path);

  return wasrelative;
}

/**
 * Checks for relative path, expanding them relative to the current working directory.
 * Returns true if the expansion was performed.
 *
 * \note Should only be called with command line paths.
 * This is _not_ something Blender's internal paths support, instead they use the "//" prefix.
 * In most cases #BLI_path_abs should be used instead.
 */
bool BLI_path_abs_from_cwd(char *path, const size_t maxlen)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(path, 0xff, sizeof(*path) * maxlen);
#endif
  bool wasrelative = true;
  const int filelen = strlen(path);

#ifdef WIN32
  if ((filelen >= 3 && BLI_path_is_abs(path)) || BLI_path_is_unc(path)) {
    wasrelative = false;
  }
#else
  if (filelen >= 2 && path[0] == '/') {
    wasrelative = false;
  }
#endif

  if (wasrelative) {
    char cwd[FILE_MAX];
    /* in case the full path to the blend isn't used */
    if (BLI_current_working_dir(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) {
      char origpath[FILE_MAX];
      BLI_strncpy(origpath, path, FILE_MAX);
      BLI_join_dirfile(path, maxlen, cwd, origpath);
    }
    else {
      printf("Could not get the current working directory - $PWD for an unknown reason.\n");
    }
  }

  return wasrelative;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
/**
 * Tries appending each of the semicolon-separated extensions in the PATHEXT
 * environment variable (Windows-only) onto *name in turn until such a file is found.
 * Returns success/failure.
 */
bool BLI_path_program_extensions_add_win32(char *name, const size_t maxlen)
{
  bool retval = false;
  int type;

  type = BLI_exists(name);
  if ((type == 0) || S_ISDIR(type)) {
    /* typically 3-5, ".EXE", ".BAT"... etc */
    const int ext_max = 12;
    const char *ext = BLI_getenv("PATHEXT");
    if (ext) {
      const int name_len = strlen(name);
      char *filename = alloca(name_len + ext_max);
      char *filename_ext;
      const char *ext_next;

      /* null terminated in the loop */
      memcpy(filename, name, name_len);
      filename_ext = filename + name_len;

      do {
        int ext_len;
        ext_next = strchr(ext, ';');
        ext_len = ext_next ? ((ext_next++) - ext) : strlen(ext);

        if (LIKELY(ext_len < ext_max)) {
          memcpy(filename_ext, ext, ext_len);
          filename_ext[ext_len] = '\0';

          type = BLI_exists(filename);
          if (type && (!S_ISDIR(type))) {
            retval = true;
            BLI_strncpy(name, filename, maxlen);
            break;
          }
        }
      } while ((ext = ext_next));
    }
  }
  else {
    retval = true;
  }

  return retval;
}
#endif /* WIN32 */

/**
 * Search for a binary (executable)
 */
bool BLI_path_program_search(char *fullname, const size_t maxlen, const char *name)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(fullname, 0xff, sizeof(*fullname) * maxlen);
#endif
  const char *path;
  bool retval = false;

#ifdef _WIN32
  const char separator = ';';
#else
  const char separator = ':';
#endif

  path = BLI_getenv("PATH");
  if (path) {
    char filename[FILE_MAX];
    const char *temp;

    do {
      temp = strchr(path, separator);
      if (temp) {
        memcpy(filename, path, temp - path);
        filename[temp - path] = 0;
        path = temp + 1;
      }
      else {
        BLI_strncpy(filename, path, sizeof(filename));
      }

      BLI_path_append(filename, maxlen, name);
      if (
#ifdef _WIN32
          BLI_path_program_extensions_add_win32(filename, maxlen)
#else
          BLI_exists(filename)
#endif
      ) {
        BLI_strncpy(fullname, filename, maxlen);
        retval = true;
        break;
      }
    } while (temp);
  }

  if (retval == false) {
    *fullname = '\0';
  }

  return retval;
}

/**
 * Sets the specified environment variable to the specified value,
 * and clears it if val == NULL.
 */
void BLI_setenv(const char *env, const char *val)
{
  /* free windows */

#if (defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64))
  uputenv(env, val);

#else
  /* linux/osx/bsd */
  if (val) {
    setenv(env, val, 1);
  }
  else {
    unsetenv(env);
  }
#endif
}

/**
 * Only set an env var if already not there.
 * Like Unix setenv(env, val, 0);
 *
 * (not used anywhere).
 */
void BLI_setenv_if_new(const char *env, const char *val)
{
  if (BLI_getenv(env) == NULL) {
    BLI_setenv(env, val);
  }
}

/**
 * Get an env var, result has to be used immediately.
 *
 * On windows getenv gets its variables from a static copy of the environment variables taken at
 * process start-up, causing it to not pick up on environment variables created during runtime.
 * This function uses an alternative method to get environment variables that does pick up on
 * runtime environment variables.
 */
const char *BLI_getenv(const char *env)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
  static char buffer[32767]; /* 32767 is the total size of the environment block on windows*/
  if (GetEnvironmentVariableA(env, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
    return buffer;
  }
  else {
    return NULL;
  }
#else
  return getenv(env);
#endif
}

/**
 * Ensures that the parent directory of *name exists.
 *
 * \return true on success (i.e. given path now exists on FS), false otherwise.
 */
bool BLI_make_existing_file(const char *name)
{
  char di[FILE_MAX];
  BLI_split_dir_part(name, di, sizeof(di));

  /* make if the dir doesn't exist */
  return BLI_dir_create_recursive(di);
}

/**
 * Returns in *string the concatenation of *dir and *file (also with *relabase on the
 * front if specified and *dir begins with "//"). Normalizes all occurrences of path
 * separators, including ensuring there is exactly one between the copies of *dir and *file,
 * and between the copies of *relabase and *dir.
 *
 * \param relabase: Optional prefix to substitute for "//" on front of *dir
 * \param string: Area to return result
 */
void BLI_make_file_string(const char *relabase, char *string, const char *dir, const char *file)
{
  int sl;

  if (string) {
    /* ensure this is always set even if dir/file are NULL */
    string[0] = '\0';

    if (ELEM(NULL, dir, file)) {
      return; /* We don't want any NULLs */
    }
  }
  else {
    return; /* string is NULL, probably shouldnt happen but return anyway */
  }

  /* Resolve relative references */
  if (relabase && dir[0] == '/' && dir[1] == '/') {
    char *lslash;

    /* Get the file name, chop everything past the last slash (ie. the filename) */
    strcpy(string, relabase);

    lslash = (char *)BLI_path_slash_rfind(string);
    if (lslash) {
      *(lslash + 1) = 0;
    }

    dir += 2; /* Skip over the relative reference */
  }
#ifdef WIN32
  else {
    if (BLI_strnlen(dir, 3) >= 2 && dir[1] == ':') {
      BLI_strncpy(string, dir, 3);
      dir += 2;
    }
    else if (BLI_strnlen(dir, 3) >= 2 && BLI_path_is_unc(dir)) {
      string[0] = 0;
    }
    else { /* no drive specified */
           /* first option: get the drive from the relabase if it has one */
      if (relabase && BLI_strnlen(relabase, 3) >= 2 && relabase[1] == ':') {
        BLI_strncpy(string, relabase, 3);
        string[2] = '\\';
        string[3] = '\0';
      }
      else { /* we're out of luck here, guessing the first valid drive, usually c:\ */
        BLI_windows_get_default_root_dir(string);
      }

      /* ignore leading slashes */
      while (ELEM(*dir, '/', '\\')) {
        dir++;
      }
    }
  }
#endif

  strcat(string, dir);

  /* Make sure string ends in one (and only one) slash */
  /* first trim all slashes from the end of the string */
  sl = strlen(string);
  while ((sl > 0) && ELEM(string[sl - 1], '/', '\\')) {
    string[sl - 1] = '\0';
    sl--;
  }
  /* since we've now removed all slashes, put back one slash at the end. */
  strcat(string, "/");

  while (ELEM(*file, '/', '\\')) {
    /* Trim slashes from the front of file */
    file++;
  }

  strcat(string, file);

  /* Push all slashes to the system preferred direction */
  BLI_path_slash_native(string);
}

static bool path_extension_check_ex(const char *str,
                                    const size_t str_len,
                                    const char *ext,
                                    const size_t ext_len)
{
  BLI_assert(strlen(str) == str_len);
  BLI_assert(strlen(ext) == ext_len);

  return (((str_len == 0 || ext_len == 0 || ext_len >= str_len) == 0) &&
          (BLI_strcasecmp(ext, str + str_len - ext_len) == 0));
}

/* does str end with ext. */
bool BLI_path_extension_check(const char *str, const char *ext)
{
  return path_extension_check_ex(str, strlen(str), ext, strlen(ext));
}

bool BLI_path_extension_check_n(const char *str, ...)
{
  const size_t str_len = strlen(str);

  va_list args;
  const char *ext;
  bool ret = false;

  va_start(args, str);

  while ((ext = (const char *)va_arg(args, void *))) {
    if (path_extension_check_ex(str, str_len, ext, strlen(ext))) {
      ret = true;
      break;
    }
  }

  va_end(args);

  return ret;
}

/* does str end with any of the suffixes in *ext_array. */
bool BLI_path_extension_check_array(const char *str, const char **ext_array)
{
  const size_t str_len = strlen(str);
  int i = 0;

  while (ext_array[i]) {
    if (path_extension_check_ex(str, str_len, ext_array[i], strlen(ext_array[i]))) {
      return true;
    }

    i++;
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * Semicolon separated wildcards, eg:
 *  '*.zip;*.py;*.exe'
 * does str match any of the semicolon-separated glob patterns in fnmatch.
 */
bool BLI_path_extension_check_glob(const char *str, const char *ext_fnmatch)
{
  const char *ext_step = ext_fnmatch;
  char pattern[16];

  while (ext_step[0]) {
    const char *ext_next;
    size_t len_ext;

    if ((ext_next = strchr(ext_step, ';'))) {
      len_ext = ext_next - ext_step + 1;
      BLI_strncpy(pattern, ext_step, (len_ext > sizeof(pattern)) ? sizeof(pattern) : len_ext);
    }
    else {
      len_ext = BLI_strncpy_rlen(pattern, ext_step, sizeof(pattern));
    }

    if (fnmatch(pattern, str, FNM_CASEFOLD) == 0) {
      return true;
    }
    ext_step += len_ext;
  }

  return false;
}

/**
 * Does basic validation of the given glob string, to prevent common issues from string truncation.
 *
 * For now, only forbids last group to be a wildcard-only one, if there are more than one group
 * (i.e. things like "*.txt;*.cpp;*" are changed to "*.txt;*.cpp;")
 *
 * \returns true if it had to modify given \a ext_fnmatch pattern.
 */
bool BLI_path_extension_glob_validate(char *ext_fnmatch)
{
  bool only_wildcards = false;

  for (size_t i = strlen(ext_fnmatch); i-- > 0;) {
    if (ext_fnmatch[i] == ';') {
      /* Group separator, we truncate here if we only had wildcards so far.
       * Otherwise, all is sound and fine. */
      if (only_wildcards) {
        ext_fnmatch[i] = '\0';
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    }
    if (!ELEM(ext_fnmatch[i], '?', '*')) {
      /* Non-wildcard char, we can break here and consider the pattern valid. */
      return false;
    }
    /* So far, only wildcards in last group of the pattern... */
    only_wildcards = true;
  }
  /* Only one group in the pattern, so even if its only made of wildcard(s),
   * it is assumed valid. */
  return false;
}

/**
 * Removes any existing extension on the end of \a path and appends \a ext.
 * \return false if there was no room.
 */
bool BLI_path_extension_replace(char *path, size_t maxlen, const char *ext)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(path, 0xff, sizeof(*path) * maxlen);
#endif
  const size_t path_len = strlen(path);
  const size_t ext_len = strlen(ext);
  ssize_t a;

  for (a = path_len - 1; a >= 0; a--) {
    if (ELEM(path[a], '.', '/', '\\')) {
      break;
    }
  }

  if ((a < 0) || (path[a] != '.')) {
    a = path_len;
  }

  if (a + ext_len >= maxlen) {
    return false;
  }

  memcpy(path + a, ext, ext_len + 1);
  return true;
}

/**
 * Strip's trailing '.'s and adds the extension only when needed
 */
bool BLI_path_extension_ensure(char *path, size_t maxlen, const char *ext)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(path, 0xff, sizeof(*path) * maxlen);
#endif
  const size_t path_len = strlen(path);
  const size_t ext_len = strlen(ext);
  ssize_t a;

  /* first check the extension is already there */
  if ((ext_len <= path_len) && (STREQ(path + (path_len - ext_len), ext))) {
    return true;
  }

  for (a = path_len - 1; a >= 0; a--) {
    if (path[a] == '.') {
      path[a] = '\0';
    }
    else {
      break;
    }
  }
  a++;

  if (a + ext_len >= maxlen) {
    return false;
  }

  memcpy(path + a, ext, ext_len + 1);
  return true;
}

bool BLI_path_filename_ensure(char *filepath, size_t maxlen, const char *filename)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(filepath, 0xff, sizeof(*filepath) * maxlen);
#endif
  char *c = (char *)BLI_path_slash_rfind(filepath);
  if (!c || ((c - filepath) < maxlen - (strlen(filename) + 1))) {
    strcpy(c ? &c[1] : filepath, filename);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * Converts `/foo/bar.txt` to "/foo/" and `bar.txt`
 *
 * - Wont change \a string.
 * - Wont create any directories.
 * - Doesn't use CWD, or deal with relative paths.
 * - Only fill's in \a dir and \a file when they are non NULL.
 * */
void BLI_split_dirfile(
    const char *string, char *dir, char *file, const size_t dirlen, const size_t filelen)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(dir, 0xff, sizeof(*dir) * dirlen);
  memset(file, 0xff, sizeof(*file) * filelen);
#endif
  const char *lslash_str = BLI_path_slash_rfind(string);
  const size_t lslash = lslash_str ? (size_t)(lslash_str - string) + 1 : 0;

  if (dir) {
    if (lslash) {
      /* +1 to include the slash and the last char */
      BLI_strncpy(dir, string, MIN2(dirlen, lslash + 1));
    }
    else {
      dir[0] = '\0';
    }
  }

  if (file) {
    BLI_strncpy(file, string + lslash, filelen);
  }
}

/**
 * Copies the parent directory part of string into *dir, max length dirlen.
 */
void BLI_split_dir_part(const char *string, char *dir, const size_t dirlen)
{
  BLI_split_dirfile(string, dir, NULL, dirlen, 0);
}

/**
 * Copies the leaf filename part of string into *file, max length filelen.
 */
void BLI_split_file_part(const char *string, char *file, const size_t filelen)
{
  BLI_split_dirfile(string, NULL, file, 0, filelen);
}

/**
 * Returns a pointer to the last extension (e.g. the position of the last period).
 * Returns NULL if there is no extension.
 */
const char *BLI_path_extension(const char *filepath)
{
  const char *extension = strrchr(filepath, '.');
  if (extension == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }
  if (BLI_path_slash_find(extension) != NULL) {
    /* There is a path separator in the extension, so the '.' was found in a
     * directory component and not in the filename. */
    return NULL;
  }
  return extension;
}

/**
 * Append a filename to a dir, ensuring slash separates.
 */
void BLI_path_append(char *__restrict dst, const size_t maxlen, const char *__restrict file)
{
  size_t dirlen = BLI_strnlen(dst, maxlen);

  /* inline BLI_path_slash_ensure */
  if ((dirlen > 0) && (dst[dirlen - 1] != SEP)) {
    dst[dirlen++] = SEP;
    dst[dirlen] = '\0';
  }

  if (dirlen >= maxlen) {
    return; /* fills the path */
  }

  BLI_strncpy(dst + dirlen, file, maxlen - dirlen);
}

/**
 * Simple appending of filename to dir, does not check for valid path!
 * Puts result into *dst, which may be same area as *dir.
 */
void BLI_join_dirfile(char *__restrict dst,
                      const size_t maxlen,
                      const char *__restrict dir,
                      const char *__restrict file)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(dst, 0xff, sizeof(*dst) * maxlen);
#endif
  size_t dirlen = BLI_strnlen(dir, maxlen);

  /* args can't match */
  BLI_assert(!ELEM(dst, dir, file));

  if (dirlen == maxlen) {
    memcpy(dst, dir, dirlen);
    dst[dirlen - 1] = '\0';
    return; /* dir fills the path */
  }

  memcpy(dst, dir, dirlen + 1);

  if (dirlen + 1 >= maxlen) {
    return; /* fills the path */
  }

  /* inline BLI_path_slash_ensure */
  if ((dirlen > 0) && !ELEM(dst[dirlen - 1], SEP, ALTSEP)) {
    dst[dirlen++] = SEP;
    dst[dirlen] = '\0';
  }

  if (dirlen >= maxlen) {
    return; /* fills the path */
  }

  BLI_strncpy(dst + dirlen, file, maxlen - dirlen);
}

/**
 * Join multiple strings into a path, ensuring only a single path separator between each,
 * and trailing slash is kept.
 *
 * \note If you want a trailing slash, add ``SEP_STR`` as the last path argument,
 * duplicate slashes will be cleaned up.
 */
size_t BLI_path_join(char *__restrict dst, const size_t dst_len, const char *path, ...)
{
#ifdef DEBUG_STRSIZE
  memset(dst, 0xff, sizeof(*dst) * dst_len);
#endif
  if (UNLIKELY(dst_len == 0)) {
    return 0;
  }
  const size_t dst_last = dst_len - 1;
  size_t ofs = BLI_strncpy_rlen(dst, path, dst_len);

  if (ofs == dst_last) {
    return ofs;
  }

  /* remove trailing slashes, unless there are _only_ trailing slashes
   * (allow "//" as the first argument). */
  bool has_trailing_slash = false;
  if (ofs != 0) {
    size_t len = ofs;
    while ((len != 0) && ELEM(path[len - 1], SEP, ALTSEP)) {
      len -= 1;
    }
    if (len != 0) {
      ofs = len;
    }
    has_trailing_slash = (path[len] != '\0');
  }

  va_list args;
  va_start(args, path);
  while ((path = (const char *)va_arg(args, const char *))) {
    has_trailing_slash = false;
    const char *path_init = path;
    while (ELEM(path[0], SEP, ALTSEP)) {
      path++;
    }
    size_t len = strlen(path);
    if (len != 0) {
      while ((len != 0) && ELEM(path[len - 1], SEP, ALTSEP)) {
        len -= 1;
      }

      if (len != 0) {
        /* the very first path may have a slash at the end */
        if (ofs && !ELEM(dst[ofs - 1], SEP, ALTSEP)) {
          dst[ofs++] = SEP;
          if (ofs == dst_last) {
            break;
          }
        }
        has_trailing_slash = (path[len] != '\0');
        if (ofs + len >= dst_last) {
          len = dst_last - ofs;
        }
        memcpy(&dst[ofs], path, len);
        ofs += len;
        if (ofs == dst_last) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      has_trailing_slash = (path_init != path);
    }
  }
  va_end(args);

  if (has_trailing_slash) {
    if ((ofs != dst_last) && (ofs != 0) && (ELEM(dst[ofs - 1], SEP, ALTSEP) == 0)) {
      dst[ofs++] = SEP;
    }
  }

  BLI_assert(ofs <= dst_last);
  dst[ofs] = '\0';

  return ofs;
}

/**
 * like pythons os.path.basename()
 *
 * \return The pointer into \a path string immediately after last slash,
 * or start of \a path if none found.
 */
const char *BLI_path_basename(const char *path)
{
  const char *const filename = BLI_path_slash_rfind(path);
  return filename ? filename + 1 : path;
}

/**
 * Get an element of the path at an index, eg:
 * "/some/path/file.txt" where an index of...
 * - 0 or -3: "some"
 * - 1 or -2: "path"
 * - 2 or -1: "file.txt"
 *
 * Ignores multiple slashes at any point in the path (including start/end).
 */
bool BLI_path_name_at_index(const char *__restrict path,
                            const int index,
                            int *__restrict r_offset,
                            int *__restrict r_len)
{
  if (index >= 0) {
    int index_step = 0;
    int prev = -1;
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
      const char c = path[i];
      if (ELEM(c, SEP, ALTSEP, '\0')) {
        if (prev + 1 != i) {
          prev += 1;
          if (index_step == index) {
            *r_offset = prev;
            *r_len = i - prev;
            /* printf("!!! %d %d\n", start, end); */
            return true;
          }
          index_step += 1;
        }
        if (c == '\0') {
          break;
        }
        prev = i;
      }
      i += 1;
    }
    return false;
  }

  /* negative number, reverse where -1 is the last element */
  int index_step = -1;
  int prev = strlen(path);
  int i = prev - 1;
  while (true) {
    const char c = i >= 0 ? path[i] : '\0';
    if (ELEM(c, SEP, ALTSEP, '\0')) {
      if (prev - 1 != i) {
        i += 1;
        if (index_step == index) {
          *r_offset = i;
          *r_len = prev - i;
          return true;
        }
        index_step -= 1;
      }
      if (c == '\0') {
        break;
      }
      prev = i;
    }
    i -= 1;
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * Returns pointer to the leftmost path separator in string. Not actually used anywhere.
 */
const char *BLI_path_slash_find(const char *string)
{
  const char *const ffslash = strchr(string, '/');
  const char *const fbslash = strchr(string, '\\');

  if (!ffslash) {
    return fbslash;
  }
  if (!fbslash) {
    return ffslash;
  }

  return (ffslash < fbslash) ? ffslash : fbslash;
}

/**
 * Returns pointer to the rightmost path separator in string.
 */
const char *BLI_path_slash_rfind(const char *string)
{
  const char *const lfslash = strrchr(string, '/');
  const char *const lbslash = strrchr(string, '\\');

  if (!lfslash) {
    return lbslash;
  }
  if (!lbslash) {
    return lfslash;
  }

  return (lfslash > lbslash) ? lfslash : lbslash;
}

/**
 * Appends a slash to string if there isn't one there already.
 * Returns the new length of the string.
 */
int BLI_path_slash_ensure(char *string)
{
  int len = strlen(string);
  if (len == 0 || string[len - 1] != SEP) {
    string[len] = SEP;
    string[len + 1] = '\0';
    return len + 1;
  }
  return len;
}

/**
 * Removes the last slash and everything after it to the end of string, if there is one.
 */
void BLI_path_slash_rstrip(char *string)
{
  int len = strlen(string);
  while (len) {
    if (string[len - 1] == SEP) {
      string[len - 1] = '\0';
      len--;
    }
    else {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Changes to the path separators to the native ones for this OS.
 */
void BLI_path_slash_native(char *path)
{
#ifdef WIN32
  if (path && BLI_strnlen(path, 3) > 2) {
    BLI_str_replace_char(path + 2, '/', '\\');
  }
#else
  BLI_str_replace_char(path + BLI_path_unc_prefix_len(path), '\\', '/');
#endif
}