xref: /openbsd/usr.bin/ssh/sshbuf.h (revision 5411e769)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: sshbuf.h,v 1.29 2024/08/15 00:51:51 djm Exp $	*/
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2011 Damien Miller
4  *
5  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
6  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8  *
9  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
16  */
17 
18 #ifndef _SSHBUF_H
19 #define _SSHBUF_H
20 
21 #include <sys/types.h>
22 #include <stdarg.h>
23 #include <stdio.h>
24 
25 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
26 #include <openssl/bn.h>
27 #include <openssl/ec.h>
28 #include <openssl/ecdsa.h>
29 #include <openssl/evp.h>
30 #else /* OPENSSL */
31 #define BIGNUM		void
32 #define EC_KEY		void
33 #define EC_GROUP	void
34 #define EC_POINT	void
35 #define EVP_PKEY	void
36 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
37 
38 #define SSHBUF_SIZE_MAX		0x8000000	/* Hard maximum size */
39 #define SSHBUF_REFS_MAX		0x100000	/* Max child buffers */
40 #define SSHBUF_MAX_BIGNUM	(16384 / 8)	/* Max bignum *bytes* */
41 #define SSHBUF_MAX_ECPOINT	((528 * 2 / 8) + 1) /* Max EC point *bytes* */
42 
43 struct sshbuf;
44 
45 /*
46  * Create a new sshbuf buffer.
47  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
48  */
49 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_new(void);
50 
51 /*
52  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from existing data.
53  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
54  */
55 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_from(const void *blob, size_t len);
56 
57 /*
58  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from the contents of an existing
59  * buffer. The contents of "buf" must not change in the lifetime of the
60  * resultant buffer.
61  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
62  */
63 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_fromb(struct sshbuf *buf);
64 
65 /*
66  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from the contents of a string in
67  * an existing buffer (the string is consumed in the process).
68  * The contents of "buf" must not change in the lifetime of the resultant
69  * buffer.
70  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
71  */
72 int	sshbuf_froms(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshbuf **bufp);
73 
74 /*
75  * Clear and free buf
76  */
77 void	sshbuf_free(struct sshbuf *buf);
78 
79 /*
80  * Reset buf, clearing its contents. NB. max_size is preserved.
81  */
82 void	sshbuf_reset(struct sshbuf *buf);
83 
84 /*
85  * Return the maximum size of buf
86  */
87 size_t	sshbuf_max_size(const struct sshbuf *buf);
88 
89 /*
90  * Set the maximum size of buf
91  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
92  */
93 int	sshbuf_set_max_size(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t max_size);
94 
95 /*
96  * Returns the length of data in buf
97  */
98 size_t	sshbuf_len(const struct sshbuf *buf);
99 
100 /*
101  * Returns number of bytes left in buffer before hitting max_size.
102  */
103 size_t	sshbuf_avail(const struct sshbuf *buf);
104 
105 /*
106  * Returns a read-only pointer to the start of the data in buf
107  */
108 const u_char *sshbuf_ptr(const struct sshbuf *buf);
109 
110 /*
111  * Returns a mutable pointer to the start of the data in buf, or
112  * NULL if the buffer is read-only.
113  */
114 u_char *sshbuf_mutable_ptr(const struct sshbuf *buf);
115 
116 /*
117  * Check whether a reservation of size len will succeed in buf
118  * Safer to use than direct comparisons again sshbuf_avail as it copes
119  * with unsigned overflows correctly.
120  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
121  */
122 int	sshbuf_check_reserve(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
123 
124 /*
125  * Preallocates len additional bytes in buf.
126  * Useful for cases where the caller knows how many bytes will ultimately be
127  * required to avoid realloc in the buffer code.
128  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
129  */
130 int	sshbuf_allocate(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
131 
132 /*
133  * Reserve len bytes in buf.
134  * Returns 0 on success and a pointer to the first reserved byte via the
135  * optional dpp parameter or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
136  */
137 int	sshbuf_reserve(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len, u_char **dpp);
138 
139 /*
140  * Consume len bytes from the start of buf
141  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
142  */
143 int	sshbuf_consume(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
144 
145 /*
146  * Consume len bytes from the end of buf
147  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
148  */
149 int	sshbuf_consume_end(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
150 
151 /* Extract or deposit some bytes */
152 int	sshbuf_get(struct sshbuf *buf, void *v, size_t len);
153 int	sshbuf_put(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
154 int	sshbuf_putb(struct sshbuf *buf, const struct sshbuf *v);
155 
156 /* Append using a printf(3) format */
157 int	sshbuf_putf(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
158 	    __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
159 int	sshbuf_putfv(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
160 
161 /* Functions to extract or store big-endian words of various sizes */
162 int	sshbuf_get_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int64_t *valp);
163 int	sshbuf_get_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int32_t *valp);
164 int	sshbuf_get_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int16_t *valp);
165 int	sshbuf_get_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char *valp);
166 int	sshbuf_put_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int64_t val);
167 int	sshbuf_put_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int32_t val);
168 int	sshbuf_put_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int16_t val);
169 int	sshbuf_put_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char val);
170 
171 /* Functions to peek at the contents of a buffer without modifying it. */
172 int	sshbuf_peek_u64(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
173     u_int64_t *valp);
174 int	sshbuf_peek_u32(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
175     u_int32_t *valp);
176 int	sshbuf_peek_u16(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
177     u_int16_t *valp);
178 int	sshbuf_peek_u8(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
179     u_char *valp);
180 
181 /*
182  * Functions to poke values into an existing buffer (e.g. a length header
183  * to a packet). The destination bytes must already exist in the buffer.
184  */
185 int sshbuf_poke_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int64_t val);
186 int sshbuf_poke_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int32_t val);
187 int sshbuf_poke_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int16_t val);
188 int sshbuf_poke_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_char val);
189 int sshbuf_poke(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, void *v, size_t len);
190 
191 /*
192  * Functions to extract or store SSH wire encoded strings (u32 len || data)
193  * The "cstring" variants admit no \0 characters in the string contents.
194  * Caller must free *valp.
195  */
196 int	sshbuf_get_string(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char **valp, size_t *lenp);
197 int	sshbuf_get_cstring(struct sshbuf *buf, char **valp, size_t *lenp);
198 int	sshbuf_get_stringb(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshbuf *v);
199 int	sshbuf_put_string(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
200 int	sshbuf_put_cstring(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *v);
201 int	sshbuf_put_stringb(struct sshbuf *buf, const struct sshbuf *v);
202 
203 /*
204  * "Direct" variant of sshbuf_get_string, returns pointer into the sshbuf to
205  * avoid an malloc+memcpy. The pointer is guaranteed to be valid until the
206  * next sshbuf-modifying function call. Caller does not free.
207  */
208 int	sshbuf_get_string_direct(struct sshbuf *buf, const u_char **valp,
209 	    size_t *lenp);
210 
211 /* Skip past a string */
212 #define sshbuf_skip_string(buf) sshbuf_get_string_direct(buf, NULL, NULL)
213 
214 /* Another variant: "peeks" into the buffer without modifying it */
215 int	sshbuf_peek_string_direct(const struct sshbuf *buf, const u_char **valp,
216 	    size_t *lenp);
217 
218 /*
219  * Functions to extract or store SSH wire encoded bignums and elliptic
220  * curve points.
221  */
222 int	sshbuf_get_bignum2(struct sshbuf *buf, BIGNUM **valp);
223 int	sshbuf_get_bignum2_bytes_direct(struct sshbuf *buf,
224 	    const u_char **valp, size_t *lenp);
225 int	sshbuf_put_bignum2(struct sshbuf *buf, const BIGNUM *v);
226 int	sshbuf_put_bignum2_bytes(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
227 int	sshbuf_get_ec(struct sshbuf *buf, EC_POINT *v, const EC_GROUP *g);
228 int	sshbuf_get_eckey(struct sshbuf *buf, EC_KEY *v);
229 int	sshbuf_put_ec(struct sshbuf *buf, const EC_POINT *v, const EC_GROUP *g);
230 int	sshbuf_put_eckey(struct sshbuf *buf, const EC_KEY *v);
231 int	sshbuf_put_ec_pkey(struct sshbuf *buf, EVP_PKEY *pkey);
232 
233 /* Dump the contents of the buffer in a human-readable format */
234 void	sshbuf_dump(const struct sshbuf *buf, FILE *f);
235 
236 /* Dump specified memory in a human-readable format */
237 void	sshbuf_dump_data(const void *s, size_t len, FILE *f);
238 
239 /* Return the hexadecimal representation of the contents of the buffer */
240 char	*sshbuf_dtob16(struct sshbuf *buf);
241 
242 /* Encode the contents of the buffer as base64 */
243 char	*sshbuf_dtob64_string(const struct sshbuf *buf, int wrap);
244 int	sshbuf_dtob64(const struct sshbuf *d, struct sshbuf *b64, int wrap);
245 /* RFC4648 "base64url" encoding variant */
246 int	sshbuf_dtourlb64(const struct sshbuf *d, struct sshbuf *b64, int wrap);
247 
248 /* Decode base64 data and append it to the buffer */
249 int	sshbuf_b64tod(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *b64);
250 
251 /*
252  * Tests whether the buffer contains the specified byte sequence at the
253  * specified offset. Returns 0 on successful match, or a ssherr.h code
254  * otherwise. SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT indicates sufficient bytes were
255  * present but the buffer contents did not match those supplied. Zero-
256  * length comparisons are not allowed.
257  *
258  * If sufficient data is present to make a comparison, then it is
259  * performed with timing independent of the value of the data. If
260  * insufficient data is present then the comparison is not attempted at
261  * all.
262  */
263 int	sshbuf_cmp(const struct sshbuf *b, size_t offset,
264     const void *s, size_t len);
265 
266 /*
267  * Searches the buffer for the specified string. Returns 0 on success
268  * and updates *offsetp with the offset of the first match, relative to
269  * the start of the buffer. Otherwise sshbuf_find will return a ssherr.h
270  * error code. SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT indicates sufficient bytes were
271  * present in the buffer for a match to be possible but none was found.
272  * Searches for zero-length data are not allowed.
273  */
274 int
275 sshbuf_find(const struct sshbuf *b, size_t start_offset,
276     const void *s, size_t len, size_t *offsetp);
277 
278 /*
279  * Duplicate the contents of a buffer to a string (caller to free).
280  * Returns NULL on buffer error, or if the buffer contains a premature
281  * nul character.
282  */
283 char *sshbuf_dup_string(struct sshbuf *buf);
284 
285 /*
286  * Fill a buffer from a file descriptor or filename. Both allocate the
287  * buffer for the caller.
288  */
289 int sshbuf_load_fd(int, struct sshbuf **)
290     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
291 int sshbuf_load_file(const char *, struct sshbuf **)
292     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
293 
294 /*
295  * Write a buffer to a path, creating/truncating as needed (mode 0644,
296  * subject to umask). The buffer contents are not modified.
297  */
298 int sshbuf_write_file(const char *path, struct sshbuf *buf)
299     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
300 
301 /* Read up to maxlen bytes from a fd directly to a buffer */
302 int sshbuf_read(int, struct sshbuf *, size_t, size_t *)
303     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
304 
305 /* Macros for decoding/encoding integers */
306 #define PEEK_U64(p) \
307 	(((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 56) | \
308 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]) << 48) | \
309 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[2]) << 40) | \
310 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[3]) << 32) | \
311 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[4]) << 24) | \
312 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[5]) << 16) | \
313 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[6]) << 8) | \
314 	  (u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[7]))
315 #define PEEK_U32(p) \
316 	(((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 24) | \
317 	 ((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]) << 16) | \
318 	 ((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[2]) << 8) | \
319 	  (u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[3]))
320 #define PEEK_U16(p) \
321 	(((u_int16_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 8) | \
322 	  (u_int16_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]))
323 
324 #define POKE_U64(p, v) \
325 	do { \
326 		const u_int64_t __v = (v); \
327 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 56) & 0xff; \
328 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = (__v >> 48) & 0xff; \
329 		((u_char *)(p))[2] = (__v >> 40) & 0xff; \
330 		((u_char *)(p))[3] = (__v >> 32) & 0xff; \
331 		((u_char *)(p))[4] = (__v >> 24) & 0xff; \
332 		((u_char *)(p))[5] = (__v >> 16) & 0xff; \
333 		((u_char *)(p))[6] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
334 		((u_char *)(p))[7] = __v & 0xff; \
335 	} while (0)
336 #define POKE_U32(p, v) \
337 	do { \
338 		const u_int32_t __v = (v); \
339 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 24) & 0xff; \
340 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = (__v >> 16) & 0xff; \
341 		((u_char *)(p))[2] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
342 		((u_char *)(p))[3] = __v & 0xff; \
343 	} while (0)
344 #define POKE_U16(p, v) \
345 	do { \
346 		const u_int16_t __v = (v); \
347 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
348 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = __v & 0xff; \
349 	} while (0)
350 
351 /* Internal definitions follow. Exposed for regress tests */
352 #ifdef SSHBUF_INTERNAL
353 
354 /*
355  * Return the allocation size of buf
356  */
357 size_t	sshbuf_alloc(const struct sshbuf *buf);
358 
359 /*
360  * Increment the reference count of buf.
361  */
362 int	sshbuf_set_parent(struct sshbuf *child, struct sshbuf *parent);
363 
364 /*
365  * Return the parent buffer of buf, or NULL if it has no parent.
366  */
367 const struct sshbuf *sshbuf_parent(const struct sshbuf *buf);
368 
369 /*
370  * Return the reference count of buf
371  */
372 u_int	sshbuf_refcount(const struct sshbuf *buf);
373 
374 # define SSHBUF_SIZE_INIT	256		/* Initial allocation */
375 # define SSHBUF_SIZE_INC	256		/* Preferred increment length */
376 # define SSHBUF_PACK_MIN	8192		/* Minimum packable offset */
377 
378 /* # define SSHBUF_ABORT abort */
379 /* # define SSHBUF_DEBUG */
380 
381 # ifndef SSHBUF_ABORT
382 #  define SSHBUF_ABORT()
383 # endif
384 
385 # ifdef SSHBUF_DEBUG
386 #  define SSHBUF_DBG(x) do { \
387 		printf("%s:%d %s: ", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__); \
388 		printf x; \
389 		printf("\n"); \
390 		fflush(stdout); \
391 	} while (0)
392 # else
393 #  define SSHBUF_DBG(x)
394 # endif
395 #endif /* SSHBUF_INTERNAL */
396 
397 #endif /* _SSHBUF_H */
398