1 /*-
2  * Public Domain 2014-2018 MongoDB, Inc.
3  * Public Domain 2008-2014 WiredTiger, Inc.
4  *
5  * This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
6  *
7  * Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
8  * distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
9  * binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
10  * means.
11  *
12  * In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
13  * of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
14  * software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
15  * of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
16  * successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
17  * relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
18  * software under copyright law.
19  *
20  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
21  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
22  * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
23  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
24  * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
25  * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
26  * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
27  */
28 
29 #include "wt_internal.h"
30 
31 /*
32  * This is an implementation of George Marsaglia's multiply-with-carry pseudo-
33  * random number generator.  Computationally fast, with reasonable randomness
34  * properties, and a claimed period of > 2^60.
35  *
36  * Be very careful about races here. Multiple threads can call __wt_random
37  * concurrently, and it is okay if those concurrent calls get the same return
38  * value. What is *not* okay is if reading/writing the shared state races and
39  * uses two different values for m_w or m_z. That can result in a stored value
40  * of zero, in which case they will be stuck on zero forever. Take a local copy
41  * of the values to avoid that, and read/write in atomic, 8B chunks.
42  */
43 #undef	M_W
44 #define	M_W(r)	r.x.w
45 #undef	M_Z
46 #define	M_Z(r)	r.x.z
47 
48 /*
49  * __wt_random_init --
50  *	Initialize return of a 32-bit pseudo-random number.
51  */
52 void
__wt_random_init(WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)53 __wt_random_init(WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)
54     WT_GCC_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE((visibility("default")))
55 {
56 	WT_RAND_STATE rnd;
57 
58 	M_W(rnd) = 521288629;
59 	M_Z(rnd) = 362436069;
60 	*rnd_state = rnd;
61 }
62 
63 /*
64  * __wt_random_init_seed --
65  *	Initialize the state of a 32-bit pseudo-random number.
66  * Use this, instead of __wt_random_init if we are running with multiple
67  * threads and we want each thread to initialize its own random state based
68  * on a different random seed.
69  */
70 void
__wt_random_init_seed(WT_SESSION_IMPL * session,WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)71 __wt_random_init_seed(
72     WT_SESSION_IMPL *session, WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)
73     WT_GCC_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE((visibility("default")))
74 {
75 	struct timespec ts;
76 	WT_RAND_STATE rnd;
77 
78 	__wt_epoch(session, &ts);
79 	M_W(rnd) = (uint32_t)(ts.tv_nsec + 521288629);
80 	M_Z(rnd) = (uint32_t)(ts.tv_nsec + 362436069);
81 
82 	*rnd_state = rnd;
83 }
84 
85 /*
86  * __wt_random --
87  *	Return a 32-bit pseudo-random number.
88  */
89 uint32_t
__wt_random(WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)90 __wt_random(WT_RAND_STATE volatile * rnd_state)
91     WT_GCC_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE((visibility("default")))
92 {
93 	WT_RAND_STATE rnd;
94 	uint32_t w, z;
95 
96 	/*
97 	 * Take a copy of the random state so we can ensure that the
98 	 * calculation operates on the state consistently regardless of
99 	 * concurrent calls with the same random state.
100 	 */
101 	rnd = *rnd_state;
102 	w = M_W(rnd);
103 	z = M_Z(rnd);
104 
105 	/*
106 	 * Check if the value goes to 0 (from which we won't recover), and reset
107 	 * to the initial state. This has additional benefits if a caller fails
108 	 * to initialize the state, or initializes with a seed that results in a
109 	 * short period.
110 	 */
111 	if (z == 0 || w == 0) {
112 		__wt_random_init(&rnd);
113 		w = M_W(rnd);
114 		z = M_Z(rnd);
115 	}
116 
117 	M_Z(rnd) = z = 36969 * (z & 65535) + (z >> 16);
118 	M_W(rnd) = w = 18000 * (w & 65535) + (w >> 16);
119 	*rnd_state = rnd;
120 
121 	return ((z << 16) + (w & 65535));
122 }
123