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/qemu/docs/interop/
H A Dvhost-user.rst33 or a block device back-end processing read & write to a virtual
107 :index: a 32-bit index
109 :num: a 32-bit number
179 :size: a 64-bit size
251 :size: a 64-bit size
457 must start a ring upon receiving a kick (that is, detecting that file
664 addresses: a guest address and a user address.
1025 should close the connection as a response to a
1654 to retrieve a given dma-buf fd from a given back-end, determined by
1777 offset to get a memory range. Registering a host notifier means
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H A Dqcow2.txt26 image doesn't have a backing file.
34 a backing file.
288 display a useful error message.
441 perform a COW (copy on write) operation.
457 table size. With a 2 MB cluster size and a default refcount_order of
502 size; for a given L1 table size, a larger cluster size is required for
507 offset for a compressed cluster is reduced (a 2M cluster size requires
664 a write causes a COW and isn't visible in other snapshots.
755 Structure of a bitmap directory entry:
760 a cluster boundary.
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/qemu/qapi/
H A Dstats.json26 # @linear-histogram: stat is a linear histogram.
28 # @log2-histogram: stat is a logarithmic histogram, with one bucket
48 # @boolean: stat is a boolean value.
77 # @vcpu: statistics that apply to a single virtual CPU.
79 # @cryptodev: statistics that apply to a crypto device (since 8.0)
89 # Indicates a set of statistics that should be returned by
202 # Schema for a single statistic.
205 # identified by a target, a provider (both available in
211 # statistic is a simple number or counter.
215 # @exponent together form a SI prefix (e.g., _nano-_ for
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H A Dnet.json40 # Add a network backend.
62 # Remove a network backend.
82 # Create a new Network Interface Card.
133 # form a.b.c.d or as a number of valid top-most bits. Default is
370 # Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device.
390 # @netdev: used to connect hub to a netdev instead of a device (since
403 # Connect a client to a netmap-enabled NIC or to a VALE switch port
424 # Attach mode for a default XDP program
503 # vDPA device is a device that uses a datapath which complies with the
649 # @reconnect: For a client socket, if a socket is disconnected, then
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H A Drun-state.json14 # @debug: QEMU is running on a debugger
65 # An enumeration of reasons for a Shutdown.
75 # @host-signal: Reaction to a signal, such as SIGINT
77 # @host-ui: Reaction to a UI event, like window close
83 # a shutdown
144 # sending qemu a SIGINT). (since 2.10)
432 # @info: information about a panic (since 2.9)
452 # @info: information about a panic
498 # Information about a guest panic
543 # Reason why the CPU is in a crashed state.
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H A Dblock-core.json706 # has a tray)
857 # Statistics of a block device during a given interval of time.
924 # Statistics of a virtual block device or a block backing device.
1449 # Resize a block image while a guest is running.
1676 # Takes a synchronous snapshot of a block device.
1701 # Takes a snapshot of a block device.
1886 # Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a new destination.
1917 # Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a new destination.
2772 # Copy data from a backing file into a block device.
5888 # 1. Add a new node to a quorum
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/qemu/hw/input/
H A Dtsc2005.c545 if (abs(info->a[0]) > abs(info->a[1])) { in tsc2005_set_transform()
548 s->tr[2] = info->a[0]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
549 s->tr[3] = -info->a[2] / info->a[0]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
550 s->tr[4] = info->a[6] * info->y; in tsc2005_set_transform()
552 s->tr[6] = info->a[4]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
553 s->tr[7] = -info->a[5] / info->a[4]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
555 s->tr[0] = info->a[6] * info->y; in tsc2005_set_transform()
557 s->tr[2] = info->a[1]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
558 s->tr[3] = -info->a[2] / info->a[1]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
561 s->tr[6] = info->a[3]; in tsc2005_set_transform()
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/qemu/docs/system/
H A Dsecrets.rst6 There are a variety of objects in QEMU which require secret data to be provided
8 devices often require a password, LUKS block devices require a passphrase to
10 QEMU has a general purpose mechanism for providing secret data to QEMU in a
17 a ``secret`` object it must be given a unique ID string. This ID is then
24 **The following should never be done in a production environment or on a
50 Passing secrets as clear text via a file
53 The simplest approach to providing data securely is to use a file to store
87 possible to configure a second secret as an AES key to use for decrypting
114 critical that a different initialization vector is used for every secret**.
136 and also encryption with a master key:
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/qemu/docs/devel/
H A Dtcg.rst7 QEMU is a dynamic translator. When it first encounters a piece of code,
23 evaluate instructions. In order to achieve a good speed, the
26 Block (TB). If the state changes (e.g. privilege level), a new TB will
60 Calling ``tcg_gen_lookup_and_goto_ptr()`` will emit a call to
75 as a parameter.
87 Step 1, ``tcg_gen_goto_tb()``, will emit a ``goto_tb`` TCG
88 instruction that later on gets translated to a jump to an address
118 * The direct branch cannot cross a page boundary. Memory mappings
142 a linked list of every translated block contained in a given page. Other
158 memory accesses. QEMU keeps a map from host program counter to
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H A Dtracing.rst31 When patterns are used frequently it is more convenient to store them in a
44 Each directory in the source tree can declare a set of trace events in a local
81 While it is possible to include a trace.h file from outside a source file's own
145 finally a format string for pretty-printing. For example::
169 in one function, append a unique distinguisher at the end of the name.
188 Enable/disable a given trace event or a group of events (using wildcards).
194 If a line in the "--trace events=<file>" file begins with a '-', the trace event
251 The "simple" backend writes binary trace logs to a file from a thread, making
331 Where the events can either be a comma-separated list of events, or "-a" to
378 If a specific trace event is going to be invoked a huge number of times, this
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/qemu/docs/specs/
H A Dvmw_pvscsi-spec.rst14 The interface is based on a memory area shared between hypervisor and VM.
15 The memory area is obtained by driver as a device IO memory resource of
17 The shared memory consists of a registers area and a rings area.
47 There is a control area (``struct PVSCSIRingsState *rings_state``)
66 register. If a bit is set it means the interrupt is enabled, and if
81 a. Issue ``PVSCSI_CMD_ADAPTER_RESET`` command
95 a. Mask interrupts
102 a. Fill next free request ring descriptor
109 a. Issue ``PVSCSI_CMD_ABORT_CMD`` command
114 a. Upon completion interrupt arrival process completion
H A Dppc-spapr-uv-hcalls.rst6 can be placed in a secured region where only an ultravisor running in firmware
8 the ultravisor (via ultracalls) to switch to a secure virtual machine (SVM) mode
15 to reserve a hypercall number range specific to this use case to avoid any
23 Switching to SVM mode involves a number of hcalls issued by the ultravisor to
32 SVM file systems are encrypted using a symmetric key. This key is then
33 wrapped/encrypted using the public key of a trusted system which has the private
35 unwrap/unseal the symmetric key using the system's TPM device or a TPM Resource
38 The Ultravisor sets up a separate session key with the TPM in advance during
49 ``TPM_COMM_OP_EXECUTE`` (``0x1``): send a request to a TPM and receive a
50 response, opening a new TPM session if one has not already been opened.
H A Dacpi_erst.rst10 (APEI)", and specifically subsection "Error Serialization", outlines a
37 guests. With QEMU supporting ACPI ERST, it becomes a viable pstore
41 Enabling support for ACPI ERST facilitates a consistent method to
42 capture kernel panic information in a wide range of guests: from
53 To use ACPI ERST, a memory-backend-file object and acpi-erst device
76 backend storage. Must be a power of two value greater than or
91 simply returns the register contents, which can be updated by a
103 be occupied, and they need not be occupied in a contiguous fashion.
111 the slot 0 header can accommodate 1021 records. Thus a storage size
178 location of a CPER record_id in the record_id[] array provides the
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/qemu/docs/
H A Dthrottle.txt11 QEMU includes a throttling module that can be used to set limits to
50 In its most basic usage, the user can add a drive to QEMU with a limit
87 we want to configure a drive with a basic limit of 100 IOPS and allow
155 counted as two, and a 6KB request will be counted as one and a
186 Here hd1, hd2 and hd4 are all members of a group named 'foo' with a
188 is left alone (technically it is part of a 1-member group).
204 drive. If the drive is not in a group yet, it will be added to a
221 (specifically the "Leaky bucket as a meter" variant).
223 This algorithm uses the analogy of a bucket that leaks water
235 - Water leaks from the bucket at a rate of 100 IOPS.
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H A Dpcie_sriov.txt7 of a PCI Express device. It allows a single physical function (PF) to appear as multiple
22 A virtual function is different from a physical function in that the BAR
30 From our emulation perspective this means that there is a separate call for
31 setting up a BAR for a VF.
33 1) To enable SR/IOV support in the PF, it must be a PCI Express device so
34 you would need to add a PCI Express capability in the normal PCI
71 make it a PCI Express device and add a similar set of capabilities
94 To enable 4 VFs for a device at 01:00.0:
105 Older drivers typically provide a max_vfs module parameter
H A Dxbzrle.txt8 Systems, and generally speaking for any application that uses a sparse memory
11 Instead of sending the changed guest memory page this solution will send a
15 be stored on the source. Those pages are stored in a dedicated cache
61 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 68 00 00 6b 00 6d
66 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 68 00 00 67 00 69
72 e9 07 0f 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 03 01 67 01 01 69
77 misses. XBZRLE uses a counter as the age of each page. The counter will
78 increase after each ram dirty bitmap sync. When a cache conflict is
80 a threshold.
91 3. Set the XBZRLE cache size - the cache size is in MBytes and should be a
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/qemu/docs/system/devices/
H A Dcxl.rst3 From the view of a single host, CXL is an interconnect standard that
4 targets accelerators and memory devices attached to a CXL host.
6 software running on a QEMU emulated host or to the internals of
11 by considering only a single host and a static configuration.
77 A CXL system is made up a Host with a number of 'standard components'
109 may be a mapping to a single Root Port (RP) or across a set of
121 Here we consider a simple CXL switch with only a single
124 a simple switch design. Hosts often have no awareness
148 into a Device Physical Address (DPA).
153 are emulated in QEMU, let us consider a memory read in a fully configured
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H A Dusb.rst4 QEMU can emulate a PCI UHCI, OHCI, EHCI or XHCI USB controller. You can
45 The easiest way to add a UHCI controller to a ``pc`` machine is the
67 This attaches a USB tablet to the UHCI adapter and a USB mass storage
82 There is a config file in docs which will do all this for
118 a drive backed by a raw format disk image:
227 Plugging a tablet into UHCI port 1 works like this::
231 Plugging a hub into UHCI port 2 works like this::
265 Using host USB devices on a Linux host
316 device to make it work again (this is a bug).
338 practice only a few combinations are useful:
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/qemu/hw/arm/
H A Daspeed_ast2600.c145 Aspeed2600SoCState *a = ASPEED2600_SOC(s); in aspeed_soc_ast2600_get_irq() local
153 Aspeed2600SoCState *a = ASPEED2600_SOC(obj); in aspeed_soc_ast2600_init() local
165 object_initialize_child(obj, "cpu[*]", &a->cpu[i], in aspeed_soc_ast2600_init()
180 object_initialize_child(obj, "a7mpcore", &a->a7mpcore, in aspeed_soc_ast2600_init()
292 Aspeed2600SoCState *a = ASPEED2600_SOC(dev); in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize() local
336 if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&a->cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) { in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize()
344 object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&a->a7mpcore), "num-irq", in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize()
352 SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&a->a7mpcore); in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize()
353 DeviceState *d = DEVICE(&a->cpu[i]); in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize()
427 irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&a->a7mpcore), in aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize()
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/qemu/
H A Dhmp-commands.hx86 Resize a block image while a guest is running. Usually requires guest
96 .help = "copy data from a backing file into a block device",
103 Copy data from a backing file into a block device.
334 .help = "save a VM snapshot. If no tag is provided, a new snapshot is created",
707 or a QOM object path.
1221 Start mirroring a block device's writes to a new destination,
1243 Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a specified target.
1507 .help = "receive a file descriptor via SCM rights and assign it a name",
1549 *device* can be a block device name, a qdev ID or a QOM path.
1656 .help = "run a qemu-io command on a block device\n\t\t\t"
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/qemu/tests/tcg/openrisc/
H A Dtest_j.c5 int a; in main() local
8 a = 0; in main()
18 : "+r"(a) in main()
20 if (a != result) { in main()
H A Dtest_jal.c5 int a; in main() local
8 a = 0; in main()
18 : "+r"(a) in main()
20 if (a != result) { in main()
/qemu/docs/about/
H A Demulation.rst4 QEMU's Tiny Code Generator (TCG) provides the ability to emulate a
106 Semihosting is a feature defined by the owner of the architecture to
107 allow programs to interact with a debugging host system. On real
116 have a full libc to be run as "bare-metal" code under QEMU's user-mode
117 emulation. It is also useful for writing test cases and indeed a
122 instructions to trigger a semihosting call are typically reserved
127 the guest and the host. As a result a program using semihosting can
135 Semihosting calls can be re-directed to a (potentially remote) gdb
137 semihosting console is configured as a ``chardev`` so can be
138 redirected to a file, pipe or socket like any other ``chardev``
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/qemu/tcg/tci/
H A DREADME7 TCG (Tiny Code Generator) is a code generator which translates
9 targets supported by QEMU) to a code representation which
10 can be run on a host.
15 By adding a code generator for a virtual machine and using an
28 The bytecode consists of opcodes (with only a few exceptions, with
30 to six arguments packed into a 32-bit integer. See comments in tci.c
103 * TCI is not widely tested. It was written and tested on a x86_64 host
107 because I run it in a mips malta emulation, so it is an interpreted
111 i386-linux-user/qemu-i386 can run a simple hello-world program
112 (tested in a ppc emulation).
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/qemu/target/hexagon/idef-parser/
H A DREADME.rst4 idef-parser is a small compiler able to translate the Hexagon ISA description
73 idef-parser has to handle a lower number of computation primitives.
80 Now let's have a quick look at the generated code, line by line.
157 declared anywhere, but rather a symbol which is easy to match in
240 address ``EA``. Similarly, each statement can be a ``control_statement``, a
241 variable declaration such as ``int a;``, a code block, which is just a
242 bracket-enclosed list of statements, a ``';'``, which is a ``nop`` instruction,
329 which will feature the variable name as a decoration. For a variable declaration
506 incorrectly emitted tinycode generator for a single instruction.
596 Scrolling up a bit, we find
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