1<appendix id="appendix-gnu-fdl"> 2 <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title> 3 <simpara>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</simpara> 4 <simpara> 5 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 6 <ulink url="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</ulink> 7 </simpara> 8 <simpara> 9 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this 10 license document, but changing it is not allowed. 11 </simpara> 12 <bridgehead id="section0" renderas="sect2"> 13 0. PREAMBLE 14 </bridgehead> 15 <simpara> 16 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 17 functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom: 18 to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with 19 or without modifying it, either commercially or 20 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and 21 publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered 22 responsible for modifications made by others. 23 </simpara> 24 <simpara> 25 This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that 26 derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same 27 sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 28 license designed for free software. 29 </simpara> 30 <simpara> 31 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 32 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program 33 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software 34 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used 35 for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is 36 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for 37 works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 38 </simpara> 39 <bridgehead id="section1" renderas="sect2"> 40 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 41 </bridgehead> 42 <simpara> 43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 45 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work 47 under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, 48 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, 49 and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, 50 modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under 51 copyright law. 52 </simpara> 53 <simpara> 54 A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing 55 the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 56 modifications and/or translated into another language. 57 </simpara> 58 <simpara> 59 A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter 60 section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of 61 the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall 62 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 63 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a 64 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any 65 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection 66 with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, 67 philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. 68 </simpara> 69 <simpara> 70 The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose 71 titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 72 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section 73 does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to 74 be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant 75 Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then 76 there are none. 77 </simpara> 78 <simpara> 79 The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are 80 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says 81 that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 82 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 83 </simpara> 84 <simpara> 85 A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable 86 copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the 87 general public, that is suitable for revising the document 88 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 89 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 90 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for 91 automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text 92 formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose 93 markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage 94 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is 95 not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is 96 not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. 97 </simpara> 98 <simpara> 99 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII 100 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML 101 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, 102 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent 103 image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary 104 formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, 105 SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally 106 available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by 107 some word processors for output purposes only. 108 </simpara> 109 <simpara> 110 The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page 111 itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the 112 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 113 formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” 114 means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s 115 title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 116 </simpara> 117 <simpara> 118 The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes 119 copies of the Document to the public. 120 </simpara> 121 <simpara> 122 A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document 123 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses 124 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands 125 for a specific section name mentioned below, such as 126 “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, 127 “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve 128 the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that 129 it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this 130 definition. 131 </simpara> 132 <simpara> 133 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 134 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 135 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, 136 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that 137 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the 138 meaning of this License. 139 </simpara> 140 <bridgehead id="section2" renderas="sect2"> 141 2. VERBATIM COPYING 142 </bridgehead> 143 <simpara> 144 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 145 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright 146 notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the 147 Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 148 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical 149 measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the 150 copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in 151 exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you 152 must also follow the conditions in section 3. 153 </simpara> 154 <simpara> 155 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you 156 may publicly display copies. 157 </simpara> 158 <bridgehead id="section3" renderas="sect2"> 159 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 160 </bridgehead> 161 <simpara> 162 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 163 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 164 Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose 165 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 166 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the 167 back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the 168 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title 169 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add 170 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to 171 the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy 172 these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. 173 </simpara> 174 <simpara> 175 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, 176 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the 177 actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. 178 </simpara> 179 <simpara> 180 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more 181 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy 182 along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a 183 computer-network location from which the general network-using public has 184 access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete 185 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the 186 latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin 187 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent 188 copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one 189 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or 190 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. 191 </simpara> 192 <simpara> 193 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 194 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 195 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 196 </simpara> 197 <bridgehead id="section4" renderas="sect2"> 198 4. MODIFICATIONS 199 </bridgehead> 200 <simpara> 201 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the 202 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the 203 Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version 204 filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and 205 modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In 206 addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 207 </simpara> 208 <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha"> 209 <listitem> 210 <simpara> 211 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 212 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which 213 should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the 214 Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the 215 original publisher of that version gives permission. 216 </simpara> 217 </listitem> 218 <listitem> 219 <simpara> 220 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 221 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 222 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 223 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 224 unless they release you from this requirement. 225 </simpara> 226 </listitem> 227 <listitem> 228 <simpara> 229 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified 230 Version, as the publisher. 231 </simpara> 232 </listitem> 233 <listitem> 234 <simpara> 235 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 236 </simpara> 237 </listitem> 238 <listitem> 239 <simpara> 240 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to 241 the other copyright notices. 242 </simpara> 243 </listitem> 244 <listitem> 245 <simpara> 246 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 247 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 248 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 249 </simpara> 250 </listitem> 251 <listitem> 252 <simpara> 253 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 254 and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license 255 notice. 256 </simpara> 257 </listitem> 258 <listitem> 259 <simpara> 260 Include an unaltered copy of this License. 261 </simpara> 262 </listitem> 263 <listitem> 264 <simpara> 265 Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its 266 Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new 267 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title 268 Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the 269 Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher 270 of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item 271 describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. 272 </simpara> 273 </listitem> 274 <listitem> 275 <simpara> 276 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 277 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the 278 network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was 279 based on. These may be placed in the “History” 280 section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published 281 at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 282 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 283 </simpara> 284 </listitem> 285 <listitem> 286 <simpara> 287 For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or 288 “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and 289 preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the 290 contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. 291 </simpara> 292 </listitem> 293 <listitem> 294 <simpara> 295 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in 296 their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are 297 not considered part of the section titles. 298 </simpara> 299 </listitem> 300 <listitem> 301 <simpara> 302 Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section 303 may not be included in the Modified Version. 304 </simpara> 305 </listitem> 306 <listitem> 307 <simpara> 308 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled 309 “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant 310 Section. 311 </simpara> 312 </listitem> 313 <listitem> 314 <simpara> 315 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 316 </simpara> 317 </listitem> 318 </orderedlist> 319 <simpara> 320 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices 321 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the 322 Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections 323 as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant 324 Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles 325 must be distinct from any other section titles. 326 </simpara> 327 <simpara> 328 You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it 329 contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 330 parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text 331 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 332 standard. 333 </simpara> 334 <simpara> 335 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 336 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of 337 Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text 338 and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made 339 by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the 340 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same 341 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may 342 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher 343 that added the old one. 344 </simpara> 345 <simpara> 346 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give 347 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply 348 endorsement of any Modified Version. 349 </simpara> 350 <bridgehead id="section5" renderas="sect2"> 351 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 352 </bridgehead> 353 <simpara> 354 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 355 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, 356 provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections 357 of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as 358 Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that 359 you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 360 </simpara> 361 <simpara> 362 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple 363 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there 364 are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, 365 make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in 366 parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section 367 if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section 368 titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the 369 combined work. 370 </simpara> 371 <simpara> 372 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled 373 “History” in the various original documents, forming one 374 section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections 375 Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled 376 “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled 377 “Endorsements”. 378 </simpara> 379 <bridgehead id="section6" renderas="sect2"> 380 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 381 </bridgehead> 382 <simpara> 383 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 384 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 385 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 386 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 387 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 388 </simpara> 389 <simpara> 390 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 391 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 392 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other 393 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 394 </simpara> 395 <bridgehead id="section7" renderas="sect2"> 396 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 397 </bridgehead> 398 <simpara> 399 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and 400 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 401 distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright 402 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of 403 the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works 404 permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does 405 not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 406 derivative works of the Document. 407 </simpara> 408 <simpara> 409 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies 410 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire 411 aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that 412 bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of 413 covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear 414 on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 415 </simpara> 416 <bridgehead id="section8" renderas="sect2"> 417 8. TRANSLATION 418 </bridgehead> 419 <simpara> 420 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute 421 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing 422 Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from 423 their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all 424 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant 425 Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the 426 license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided 427 that you also include the original English version of this License and the 428 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a 429 disagreement between the translation and the original version of this 430 License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 431 </simpara> 432 <simpara> 433 If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 434 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement 435 (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require 436 changing the actual title. 437 </simpara> 438 <bridgehead id="section9" renderas="sect2"> 439 9. TERMINATION 440 </bridgehead> 441 <simpara> 442 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as 443 expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, 444 modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically 445 terminate your rights under this License. 446 </simpara> 447 <simpara> 448 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license 449 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless 450 and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your 451 license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you 452 of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the 453 cessation. 454 </simpara> 455 <simpara> 456 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated 457 permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some 458 reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of 459 violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and 460 you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice. 461 </simpara> 462 <simpara> 463 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 464 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this 465 License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 466 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not 467 give you any rights to use it. 468 </simpara> 469 <bridgehead id="section10" renderas="sect2"> 470 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 471 </bridgehead> 472 <simpara> 473 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU 474 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be 475 similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 476 address new problems or concerns. See 477 <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</ulink>. 478 </simpara> 479 <simpara> 480 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If 481 the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License 482 “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of 483 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of 484 any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free 485 Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of 486 this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) 487 by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy 488 can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that 489 proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently 490 authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 491 </simpara> 492 <bridgehead id="section11" renderas="sect2"> 493 11. RELICENSING 494 </bridgehead> 495 <simpara> 496 “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC 497 Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable 498 works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those 499 works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a 500 server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or 501 “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable 502 works thus published on the MMC site. 503 </simpara> 504 <simpara> 505 “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 506 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 507 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 508 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published 509 by that same organization. 510 </simpara> 511 <simpara> 512 “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in 513 whole or in part, as part of another Document. 514 </simpara> 515 <simpara> 516 An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under 517 this License, and if all works that were first published under this 518 License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in 519 whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant 520 sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. 521 </simpara> 522 <simpara> 523 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site 524 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, 525 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 526 </simpara> 527 <bridgehead id="addendum" renderas="sect2"> 528 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 529 </bridgehead> 530 <simpara> 531 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the 532 License in the document and put the following copyright and license 533 notices just after the title page: 534 </simpara> 535 <screen>Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME 536 537Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the 538terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version 539published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no 540Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in 541the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</screen> 542 <simpara> 543 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 544 replace the “with… Texts.” line with this: 545 </simpara> 546 <screen>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts 547being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</screen> 548 <simpara> 549 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 550 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 551 situation. 552 </simpara> 553 <simpara> 554 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 555 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free 556 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their 557 use in free software. 558 </simpara> 559</appendix> 560