1@display 2Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 359 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 4 5Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7@end display 8 9@unnumberedsec Preamble 10 11 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 12freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 13License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 14software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 15General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 16Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 17using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 18the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 19your programs, too. 20 21 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 22price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 23have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 24this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 25if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 26in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 27 28 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 29anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 30These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 31distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 32 33 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 34gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 35you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 36source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 37rights. 38 39 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 40(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 41distribute and/or modify the software. 42 43 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 44that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 45software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 46want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 47that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 48authors' reputations. 49 50 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 51patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 52program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 53program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 54patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 55 56 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 57modification follow. 58 59@iftex 60@unnumberedsec Terms And Conditions For Copying, Distribution And Modification 61@end iftex 62@ifinfo 63@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 64@end ifinfo 65 66@enumerate 0 67@item 68This License applies to any program or other work which contains 69a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 70under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, 71refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' 72means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 73that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 74either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 75language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 76the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. 77 78Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 79covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 80running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 81is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 82Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 83Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 84 85@item 86You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 87source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 88conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 89copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 90notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 91and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 92along with the Program. 93 94You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 95you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 96 97@item 98You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 99of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 100distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 101above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 102 103@enumerate a 104@item 105You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 106stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 107 108@item 109You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 110whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 111part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 112parties under the terms of this License. 113 114@item 115If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 116when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 117interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 118announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 119notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 120a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 121these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 122License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 123does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 124the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 125@end enumerate 126 127These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 128identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 129and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 130themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 131sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 132distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 133on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 134this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 135entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 136 137Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 138your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 139exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 140collective works based on the Program. 141 142In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 143with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 144a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 145the scope of this License. 146 147@item 148You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 149under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 150Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 151 152@enumerate a 153@item 154Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 155source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1561 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 157 158@item 159Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 160years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 161cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 162machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 163distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 164customarily used for software interchange; or, 165 166@item 167Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 168to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 169allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 170received the program in object code or executable form with such 171an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 172@end enumerate 173 174The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 175making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 176code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 177associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 178control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 179special exception, the source code distributed need not include 180anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 181form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 182operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 183itself accompanies the executable. 184 185If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 186access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 187access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 188distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 189compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 190 191@item 192You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 193except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 194otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 195void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 196However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 197this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 198parties remain in full compliance. 199 200@item 201You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 202signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 203distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 204prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 205modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 206Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 207all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 208the Program or works based on it. 209 210@item 211Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 212Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 213original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 214these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 215restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 216You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 217this License. 218 219@item 220If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 221infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 222conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 223otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 224excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 225distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 226License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 227may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 228license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 229all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 230the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 231refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 232 233If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 234any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 235apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 236circumstances. 237 238It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 239patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 240such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 241integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 242implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 243generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 244through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 245system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 246to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 247impose that choice. 248 249This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 250be a consequence of the rest of this License. 251 252@item 253If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 254certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 255original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 256may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 257those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 258countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 259the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 260 261@item 262The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 263of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 264be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 265address new problems or concerns. 266 267Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 268specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any 269later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions 270either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 271Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 272this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 273Foundation. 274 275@item 276If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 277programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 278to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 279Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 280make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 281of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 282of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 283 284@iftex 285@heading NO WARRANTY 286@end iftex 287@ifinfo 288@center NO WARRANTY 289@end ifinfo 290 291@item 292BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 293FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 294OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 295PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 296OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 297MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 298TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 299PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 300REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 301 302@item 303IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 304WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 305REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 306INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 307OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 308TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 309YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 310PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 311POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 312@end enumerate 313 314@iftex 315@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 316@end iftex 317@ifinfo 318@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 319@end ifinfo 320 321@page 322@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 323 324 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 325possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 326free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 327 328 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 329to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 330convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 331the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 332 333@smallexample 334@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 335Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} 336 337This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 338it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 339the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 340(at your option) any later version. 341 342This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 343but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 344MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 345GNU General Public License for more details. 346 347You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 348along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 349Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 350@end smallexample 351 352Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 353 354If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 355when it starts in an interactive mode: 356 357@smallexample 358Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} 359Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 360This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 361under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 362@end smallexample 363 364The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show 365the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 366commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and 367@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever 368suits your program. 369 370You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 371school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if 372necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 373 374@example 375Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 376`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 377 378@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 379Ty Coon, President of Vice 380@end example 381 382This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 383proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 384consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 385library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 386Public License instead of this License. 387