1 /**
2  * \file
3  * POSIX signal handling support for Mono.
4  *
5  * Authors:
6  *   Mono Team (mono-list@lists.ximian.com)
7  *
8  * Copyright 2001-2003 Ximian, Inc.
9  * Copyright 2003-2008 Ximian, Inc.
10  * Copyright 2011 Xamarin, Inc (http://www.xamarin.com)
11  *
12  * See LICENSE for licensing information.
13  * Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
14  */
15 #include <config.h>
16 #include <signal.h>
17 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
18 #include <alloca.h>
19 #endif
20 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
21 #include <unistd.h>
22 #endif
23 #include <math.h>
24 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
25 #include <sys/time.h>
26 #endif
27 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSCALL_H
28 #include <sys/syscall.h>
29 #endif
30 #include <errno.h>
31 #include <sched.h>
32 
33 #include <mono/metadata/assembly.h>
34 #include <mono/metadata/loader.h>
35 #include <mono/metadata/tabledefs.h>
36 #include <mono/metadata/class.h>
37 #include <mono/metadata/object.h>
38 #include <mono/metadata/tokentype.h>
39 #include <mono/metadata/tabledefs.h>
40 #include <mono/metadata/threads.h>
41 #include <mono/metadata/appdomain.h>
42 #include <mono/metadata/debug-helpers.h>
43 #include <mono/metadata/profiler-private.h>
44 #include <mono/metadata/mono-config.h>
45 #include <mono/metadata/environment.h>
46 #include <mono/metadata/mono-debug.h>
47 #include <mono/metadata/gc-internals.h>
48 #include <mono/metadata/threads-types.h>
49 #include <mono/metadata/verify.h>
50 #include <mono/metadata/verify-internals.h>
51 #include <mono/metadata/mempool-internals.h>
52 #include <mono/metadata/attach.h>
53 #include <mono/utils/mono-math.h>
54 #include <mono/utils/mono-compiler.h>
55 #include <mono/utils/mono-counters.h>
56 #include <mono/utils/mono-logger-internals.h>
57 #include <mono/utils/mono-mmap.h>
58 #include <mono/utils/dtrace.h>
59 #include <mono/utils/mono-signal-handler.h>
60 #include <mono/utils/mono-threads.h>
61 
62 #include "mini.h"
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <ctype.h>
65 #include "trace.h"
66 #include "version.h"
67 #include "debugger-agent.h"
68 #include "mini-runtime.h"
69 #include "jit-icalls.h"
70 
71 #ifdef HOST_DARWIN
72 #include <mach/mach.h>
73 #include <mach/mach_time.h>
74 #include <mach/clock.h>
75 #endif
76 
77 #if defined(HOST_WATCHOS)
78 
79 void
mono_runtime_setup_stat_profiler(void)80 mono_runtime_setup_stat_profiler (void)
81 {
82 	printf("WARNING: mono_runtime_setup_stat_profiler() called!\n");
83 }
84 
85 
86 void
mono_runtime_shutdown_stat_profiler(void)87 mono_runtime_shutdown_stat_profiler (void)
88 {
89 }
90 
91 
92 gboolean
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_SIGNATURE(mono_chain_signal)93 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_SIGNATURE (mono_chain_signal)
94 {
95 	return FALSE;
96 }
97 
98 #ifndef HOST_DARWIN
99 void
mono_runtime_install_handlers(void)100 mono_runtime_install_handlers (void)
101 {
102 }
103 #endif
104 
105 void
mono_runtime_posix_install_handlers(void)106 mono_runtime_posix_install_handlers(void)
107 {
108 	/* we still need to ignore SIGPIPE */
109 	signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
110 }
111 
112 void
mono_runtime_shutdown_handlers(void)113 mono_runtime_shutdown_handlers (void)
114 {
115 }
116 
117 void
mono_runtime_cleanup_handlers(void)118 mono_runtime_cleanup_handlers (void)
119 {
120 }
121 
122 #else
123 
124 static GHashTable *mono_saved_signal_handlers = NULL;
125 
126 static struct sigaction *
get_saved_signal_handler(int signo,gboolean remove)127 get_saved_signal_handler (int signo, gboolean remove)
128 {
129 	if (mono_saved_signal_handlers) {
130 		/* The hash is only modified during startup, so no need for locking */
131 		struct sigaction *handler = g_hash_table_lookup (mono_saved_signal_handlers, GINT_TO_POINTER (signo));
132 		if (remove && handler)
133 			g_hash_table_remove (mono_saved_signal_handlers, GINT_TO_POINTER (signo));
134 		return handler;
135 	}
136 	return NULL;
137 }
138 
139 static void
save_old_signal_handler(int signo,struct sigaction * old_action)140 save_old_signal_handler (int signo, struct sigaction *old_action)
141 {
142 	struct sigaction *handler_to_save = (struct sigaction *)g_malloc (sizeof (struct sigaction));
143 
144 	mono_trace (G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, MONO_TRACE_CONFIG,
145 				"Saving old signal handler for signal %d.", signo);
146 
147 	if (! (old_action->sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)) {
148 		handler_to_save->sa_handler = old_action->sa_handler;
149 	} else {
150 #ifdef MONO_ARCH_USE_SIGACTION
151 		handler_to_save->sa_sigaction = old_action->sa_sigaction;
152 #endif /* MONO_ARCH_USE_SIGACTION */
153 	}
154 	handler_to_save->sa_mask = old_action->sa_mask;
155 	handler_to_save->sa_flags = old_action->sa_flags;
156 
157 	if (!mono_saved_signal_handlers)
158 		mono_saved_signal_handlers = g_hash_table_new_full (NULL, NULL, NULL, g_free);
159 	g_hash_table_insert (mono_saved_signal_handlers, GINT_TO_POINTER (signo), handler_to_save);
160 }
161 
162 static void
free_saved_signal_handlers(void)163 free_saved_signal_handlers (void)
164 {
165 	if (mono_saved_signal_handlers) {
166 		g_hash_table_destroy (mono_saved_signal_handlers);
167 		mono_saved_signal_handlers = NULL;
168 	}
169 }
170 
171 /*
172  * mono_chain_signal:
173  *
174  *   Call the original signal handler for the signal given by the arguments, which
175  * should be the same as for a signal handler. Returns TRUE if the original handler
176  * was called, false otherwise.
177  */
178 gboolean
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_SIGNATURE(mono_chain_signal)179 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_SIGNATURE (mono_chain_signal)
180 {
181 	int signal = MONO_SIG_HANDLER_GET_SIGNO ();
182 	struct sigaction *saved_handler = (struct sigaction *)get_saved_signal_handler (signal, FALSE);
183 
184 	if (saved_handler && saved_handler->sa_handler) {
185 		if (!(saved_handler->sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)) {
186 			saved_handler->sa_handler (signal);
187 		} else {
188 #ifdef MONO_ARCH_USE_SIGACTION
189 			saved_handler->sa_sigaction (MONO_SIG_HANDLER_PARAMS);
190 #endif /* MONO_ARCH_USE_SIGACTION */
191 		}
192 		return TRUE;
193 	}
194 	return FALSE;
195 }
196 
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC(static,sigabrt_signal_handler)197 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC (static, sigabrt_signal_handler)
198 {
199 	MonoJitInfo *ji = NULL;
200 	MONO_SIG_HANDLER_INFO_TYPE *info = MONO_SIG_HANDLER_GET_INFO ();
201 	MONO_SIG_HANDLER_GET_CONTEXT;
202 
203 	if (mono_thread_internal_current ())
204 		ji = mono_jit_info_table_find_internal (mono_domain_get (), (char *)mono_arch_ip_from_context (ctx), TRUE, TRUE);
205 	if (!ji) {
206         if (mono_chain_signal (MONO_SIG_HANDLER_PARAMS))
207 			return;
208 		mono_handle_native_crash ("SIGABRT", ctx, info);
209 	}
210 }
211 
212 #if (defined (USE_POSIX_BACKEND) && defined (SIGRTMIN)) || defined (SIGPROF)
213 #define HAVE_PROFILER_SIGNAL
214 #endif
215 
216 #ifdef HAVE_PROFILER_SIGNAL
217 
218 static MonoNativeThreadId sampling_thread;
219 
220 static gint32 profiler_signals_sent;
221 static gint32 profiler_signals_received;
222 static gint32 profiler_signals_accepted;
223 static gint32 profiler_interrupt_signals_received;
224 
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC(static,profiler_signal_handler)225 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC (static, profiler_signal_handler)
226 {
227 	int old_errno = errno;
228 
229 	MONO_SIG_HANDLER_GET_CONTEXT;
230 
231 	/* See the comment in mono_runtime_shutdown_stat_profiler (). */
232 	if (mono_native_thread_id_get () == sampling_thread) {
233 		mono_atomic_inc_i32 (&profiler_interrupt_signals_received);
234 		return;
235 	}
236 
237 	mono_atomic_inc_i32 (&profiler_signals_received);
238 
239 	// Did a non-attached or detaching thread get the signal?
240 	if (mono_thread_info_get_small_id () == -1 ||
241 	    !mono_domain_get () ||
242 	    !mono_tls_get_jit_tls ()) {
243 		errno = old_errno;
244 		return;
245 	}
246 
247 	// See the comment in sampling_thread_func ().
248 	mono_atomic_store_i32 (&mono_thread_info_current ()->profiler_signal_ack, 1);
249 
250 	mono_atomic_inc_i32 (&profiler_signals_accepted);
251 
252 	int hp_save_index = mono_hazard_pointer_save_for_signal_handler ();
253 
254 	mono_thread_info_set_is_async_context (TRUE);
255 
256 	MONO_PROFILER_RAISE (sample_hit, (mono_arch_ip_from_context (ctx), ctx));
257 
258 	mono_thread_info_set_is_async_context (FALSE);
259 
260 	mono_hazard_pointer_restore_for_signal_handler (hp_save_index);
261 
262 	errno = old_errno;
263 
264 	mono_chain_signal (MONO_SIG_HANDLER_PARAMS);
265 }
266 
267 #endif
268 
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC(static,sigquit_signal_handler)269 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC (static, sigquit_signal_handler)
270 {
271 	gboolean res;
272 
273 	/* We use this signal to start the attach agent too */
274 	res = mono_attach_start ();
275 	if (res)
276 		return;
277 
278 	mono_threads_request_thread_dump ();
279 
280 	mono_chain_signal (MONO_SIG_HANDLER_PARAMS);
281 }
282 
MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC(static,sigusr2_signal_handler)283 MONO_SIG_HANDLER_FUNC (static, sigusr2_signal_handler)
284 {
285 	gboolean enabled = mono_trace_is_enabled ();
286 
287 	mono_trace_enable (!enabled);
288 
289 	mono_chain_signal (MONO_SIG_HANDLER_PARAMS);
290 }
291 
292 static void
add_signal_handler(int signo,gpointer handler,int flags)293 add_signal_handler (int signo, gpointer handler, int flags)
294 {
295 	struct sigaction sa;
296 	struct sigaction previous_sa;
297 
298 #ifdef MONO_ARCH_USE_SIGACTION
299 	sa.sa_sigaction = (void (*)(int, siginfo_t *, void *))handler;
300 	sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
301 	sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | flags;
302 #ifdef MONO_ARCH_SIGSEGV_ON_ALTSTACK
303 
304 /*Apple likes to deliver SIGBUS for *0 */
305 #ifdef HOST_DARWIN
306 	if (signo == SIGSEGV || signo == SIGBUS) {
307 #else
308 	if (signo == SIGSEGV) {
309 #endif
310 		sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
311 
312 		/*
313 		 * libgc will crash when trying to do stack marking for threads which are on
314 		 * an altstack, so delay the suspend signal after the signal handler has
315 		 * executed.
316 		 */
317 		if (mono_gc_get_suspend_signal () != -1)
318 			sigaddset (&sa.sa_mask, mono_gc_get_suspend_signal ());
319 	}
320 #endif
321 	if (signo == SIGSEGV) {
322 		/*
323 		 * Delay abort signals while handling SIGSEGVs since they could go unnoticed.
324 		 */
325 		sigset_t block_mask;
326 
327 		sigemptyset (&block_mask);
328 	}
329 #else
330 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
331 	sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
332 	sa.sa_flags = flags;
333 #endif
334 	g_assert (sigaction (signo, &sa, &previous_sa) != -1);
335 
336 	/* if there was already a handler in place for this signal, store it */
337 	if (! (previous_sa.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) &&
338 			(SIG_DFL == previous_sa.sa_handler)) {
339 		/* it there is no sa_sigaction function and the sa_handler is default, we can safely ignore this */
340 	} else {
341 		if (mono_do_signal_chaining)
342 			save_old_signal_handler (signo, &previous_sa);
343 	}
344 }
345 
346 static void
347 remove_signal_handler (int signo)
348 {
349 	struct sigaction sa;
350 	struct sigaction *saved_action = get_saved_signal_handler (signo, TRUE);
351 
352 	if (!saved_action) {
353 		sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
354 		sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
355 		sa.sa_flags = 0;
356 
357 		sigaction (signo, &sa, NULL);
358 	} else {
359 		g_assert (sigaction (signo, saved_action, NULL) != -1);
360 	}
361 }
362 
363 void
364 mono_runtime_posix_install_handlers (void)
365 {
366 
367 	sigset_t signal_set;
368 
369 	if (mini_get_debug_options ()->handle_sigint)
370 		add_signal_handler (SIGINT, mono_sigint_signal_handler, SA_RESTART);
371 
372 	add_signal_handler (SIGFPE, mono_sigfpe_signal_handler, 0);
373 	add_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, sigquit_signal_handler, SA_RESTART);
374 	add_signal_handler (SIGILL, mono_sigill_signal_handler, 0);
375 	add_signal_handler (SIGBUS, mono_sigsegv_signal_handler, 0);
376 	if (mono_jit_trace_calls != NULL)
377 		add_signal_handler (SIGUSR2, sigusr2_signal_handler, SA_RESTART);
378 
379 	/* it seems to have become a common bug for some programs that run as parents
380 	 * of many processes to block signal delivery for real time signals.
381 	 * We try to detect and work around their breakage here.
382 	 */
383 	sigemptyset (&signal_set);
384 	if (mono_gc_get_suspend_signal () != -1)
385 		sigaddset (&signal_set, mono_gc_get_suspend_signal ());
386 	if (mono_gc_get_restart_signal () != -1)
387 		sigaddset (&signal_set, mono_gc_get_restart_signal ());
388 	sigaddset (&signal_set, SIGCHLD);
389 	sigprocmask (SIG_UNBLOCK, &signal_set, NULL);
390 
391 	signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
392 
393 	add_signal_handler (SIGABRT, sigabrt_signal_handler, 0);
394 
395 	/* catch SIGSEGV */
396 	add_signal_handler (SIGSEGV, mono_sigsegv_signal_handler, 0);
397 }
398 
399 #ifndef HOST_DARWIN
400 void
401 mono_runtime_install_handlers (void)
402 {
403 	mono_runtime_posix_install_handlers ();
404 }
405 #endif
406 
407 void
408 mono_runtime_cleanup_handlers (void)
409 {
410 	if (mini_get_debug_options ()->handle_sigint)
411 		remove_signal_handler (SIGINT);
412 
413 	remove_signal_handler (SIGFPE);
414 	remove_signal_handler (SIGQUIT);
415 	remove_signal_handler (SIGILL);
416 	remove_signal_handler (SIGBUS);
417 	if (mono_jit_trace_calls != NULL)
418 		remove_signal_handler (SIGUSR2);
419 
420 	remove_signal_handler (SIGABRT);
421 
422 	remove_signal_handler (SIGSEGV);
423 
424 	free_saved_signal_handlers ();
425 }
426 
427 #ifdef HAVE_PROFILER_SIGNAL
428 
429 static volatile gint32 sampling_thread_running;
430 
431 #ifdef HOST_DARWIN
432 
433 static clock_serv_t sampling_clock_service;
434 
435 static void
436 clock_init (MonoProfilerSampleMode mode)
437 {
438 	kern_return_t ret;
439 
440 	do {
441 		ret = host_get_clock_service (mach_host_self (), SYSTEM_CLOCK, &sampling_clock_service);
442 	} while (ret == KERN_ABORTED);
443 
444 	if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS)
445 		g_error ("%s: host_get_clock_service () returned %d", __func__, ret);
446 }
447 
448 static void
449 clock_cleanup (void)
450 {
451 	kern_return_t ret;
452 
453 	do {
454 		ret = mach_port_deallocate (mach_task_self (), sampling_clock_service);
455 	} while (ret == KERN_ABORTED);
456 
457 	if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS)
458 		g_error ("%s: mach_port_deallocate () returned %d", __func__, ret);
459 }
460 
461 static guint64
462 clock_get_time_ns (void)
463 {
464 	kern_return_t ret;
465 	mach_timespec_t mach_ts;
466 
467 	do {
468 		ret = clock_get_time (sampling_clock_service, &mach_ts);
469 	} while (ret == KERN_ABORTED);
470 
471 	if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS)
472 		g_error ("%s: clock_get_time () returned %d", __func__, ret);
473 
474 	return ((guint64) mach_ts.tv_sec * 1000000000) + (guint64) mach_ts.tv_nsec;
475 }
476 
477 static void
478 clock_sleep_ns_abs (guint64 ns_abs)
479 {
480 	kern_return_t ret;
481 	mach_timespec_t then, remain_unused;
482 
483 	then.tv_sec = ns_abs / 1000000000;
484 	then.tv_nsec = ns_abs % 1000000000;
485 
486 	do {
487 		ret = clock_sleep (sampling_clock_service, TIME_ABSOLUTE, then, &remain_unused);
488 
489 		if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS && ret != KERN_ABORTED)
490 			g_error ("%s: clock_sleep () returned %d", __func__, ret);
491 	} while (ret == KERN_ABORTED && mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_running));
492 }
493 
494 #else
495 
496 clockid_t sampling_posix_clock;
497 
498 static void
499 clock_init (MonoProfilerSampleMode mode)
500 {
501 	switch (mode) {
502 	case MONO_PROFILER_SAMPLE_MODE_PROCESS: {
503 	/*
504 	 * If we don't have clock_nanosleep (), measuring the process time
505 	 * makes very little sense as we can only use nanosleep () to sleep on
506 	 * real time.
507 	 */
508 #ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_NANOSLEEP
509 		struct timespec ts = { 0 };
510 
511 		/*
512 		 * Some systems (e.g. Windows Subsystem for Linux) declare the
513 		 * CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID clock but don't actually support it. For
514 		 * those systems, we fall back to CLOCK_MONOTONIC if we get EINVAL.
515 		 */
516 		if (clock_nanosleep (CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, TIMER_ABSTIME, &ts, NULL) != EINVAL) {
517 			sampling_posix_clock = CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID;
518 			break;
519 		}
520 #endif
521 
522 		// fallthrough
523 	}
524 	case MONO_PROFILER_SAMPLE_MODE_REAL: sampling_posix_clock = CLOCK_MONOTONIC; break;
525 	default: g_assert_not_reached (); break;
526 	}
527 }
528 
529 static void
530 clock_cleanup (void)
531 {
532 }
533 
534 static guint64
535 clock_get_time_ns (void)
536 {
537 	struct timespec ts;
538 
539 	if (clock_gettime (sampling_posix_clock, &ts) == -1)
540 		g_error ("%s: clock_gettime () returned -1, errno = %d", __func__, errno);
541 
542 	return ((guint64) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000) + (guint64) ts.tv_nsec;
543 }
544 
545 static void
546 clock_sleep_ns_abs (guint64 ns_abs)
547 {
548 #ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_NANOSLEEP
549 	int ret;
550 	struct timespec then;
551 
552 	then.tv_sec = ns_abs / 1000000000;
553 	then.tv_nsec = ns_abs % 1000000000;
554 
555 	do {
556 		ret = clock_nanosleep (sampling_posix_clock, TIMER_ABSTIME, &then, NULL);
557 
558 		if (ret != 0 && ret != EINTR)
559 			g_error ("%s: clock_nanosleep () returned %d", __func__, ret);
560 	} while (ret == EINTR && mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_running));
561 #else
562 	int ret;
563 	gint64 diff;
564 	struct timespec req;
565 
566 	/*
567 	 * What follows is a crude attempt at emulating clock_nanosleep () on OSs
568 	 * which don't provide it (e.g. FreeBSD).
569 	 *
570 	 * The problem with nanosleep () is that if it is interrupted by a signal,
571 	 * time will drift as a result of having to restart the call after the
572 	 * signal handler has finished. For this reason, we avoid using the rem
573 	 * argument of nanosleep (). Instead, before every nanosleep () call, we
574 	 * check if enough time has passed to satisfy the sleep request. If yes, we
575 	 * simply return. If not, we calculate the difference and do another sleep.
576 	 *
577 	 * This should reduce the amount of drift that happens because we account
578 	 * for the time spent executing the signal handler, which nanosleep () is
579 	 * not guaranteed to do for the rem argument.
580 	 *
581 	 * The downside to this approach is that it is slightly expensive: We have
582 	 * to make an extra system call to retrieve the current time whenever we're
583 	 * going to restart a nanosleep () call. This is unlikely to be a problem
584 	 * in practice since the sampling thread won't be receiving many signals in
585 	 * the first place (it's a tools thread, so no STW), and because typical
586 	 * sleep periods for the thread are many orders of magnitude bigger than
587 	 * the time it takes to actually perform that system call (just a few
588 	 * nanoseconds).
589 	 */
590 	do {
591 		diff = (gint64) ns_abs - (gint64) clock_get_time_ns ();
592 
593 		if (diff <= 0)
594 			break;
595 
596 		req.tv_sec = diff / 1000000000;
597 		req.tv_nsec = diff % 1000000000;
598 
599 		if ((ret = nanosleep (&req, NULL)) == -1 && errno != EINTR)
600 			g_error ("%s: nanosleep () returned -1, errno = %d", __func__, errno);
601 	} while (ret == -1 && mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_running));
602 #endif
603 }
604 
605 #endif
606 
607 static int profiler_signal;
608 static volatile gint32 sampling_thread_exiting;
609 
610 static mono_native_thread_return_t
611 sampling_thread_func (void *data)
612 {
613 	mono_threads_attach_tools_thread ();
614 	mono_native_thread_set_name (mono_native_thread_id_get (), "Profiler sampler");
615 
616 	int old_policy;
617 	struct sched_param old_sched;
618 	pthread_getschedparam (pthread_self (), &old_policy, &old_sched);
619 
620 	/*
621 	 * Attempt to switch the thread to real time scheduling. This will not
622 	 * necessarily work on all OSs; for example, most Linux systems will give
623 	 * us EPERM here unless configured to allow this.
624 	 *
625 	 * TODO: This does not work on Mac (and maybe some other OSs). On Mac, we
626 	 * have to use the Mach thread policy routines to switch to real-time
627 	 * scheduling. This is quite tricky as we need to specify how often we'll
628 	 * be doing work (easy), the normal processing time needed (also easy),
629 	 * and the maximum amount of processing time needed (hard). This is
630 	 * further complicated by the fact that if we misbehave and take too long
631 	 * to do our work, the kernel may knock us back down to the normal thread
632 	 * scheduling policy without telling us.
633 	 */
634 	struct sched_param sched = { .sched_priority = sched_get_priority_max (SCHED_FIFO) };
635 	pthread_setschedparam (pthread_self (), SCHED_FIFO, &sched);
636 
637 	MonoProfilerSampleMode mode;
638 
639 init:
640 	mono_profiler_get_sample_mode (NULL, &mode, NULL);
641 
642 	if (mode == MONO_PROFILER_SAMPLE_MODE_NONE) {
643 		mono_profiler_sampling_thread_wait ();
644 
645 		if (!mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_running))
646 			goto done;
647 
648 		goto init;
649 	}
650 
651 	clock_init (mode);
652 
653 	for (guint64 sleep = clock_get_time_ns (); mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_running); clock_sleep_ns_abs (sleep)) {
654 		uint32_t freq;
655 		MonoProfilerSampleMode new_mode;
656 
657 		mono_profiler_get_sample_mode (NULL, &new_mode, &freq);
658 
659 		if (new_mode != mode) {
660 			clock_cleanup ();
661 			goto init;
662 		}
663 
664 		sleep += 1000000000 / freq;
665 
666 		FOREACH_THREAD_SAFE (info) {
667 			/* info should never be this thread as we're a tools thread. */
668 			g_assert (mono_thread_info_get_tid (info) != mono_native_thread_id_get ());
669 
670 			/*
671 			 * Require an ack for the last sampling signal sent to the thread
672 			 * so that we don't overflow the signal queue, leading to all sorts
673 			 * of problems (e.g. GC STW failing).
674 			 */
675 			if (profiler_signal != SIGPROF && !mono_atomic_cas_i32 (&info->profiler_signal_ack, 0, 1))
676 				continue;
677 
678 			mono_threads_pthread_kill (info, profiler_signal);
679 			mono_atomic_inc_i32 (&profiler_signals_sent);
680 		} FOREACH_THREAD_SAFE_END
681 	}
682 
683 	clock_cleanup ();
684 
685 done:
686 	mono_atomic_store_i32 (&sampling_thread_exiting, 1);
687 
688 	pthread_setschedparam (pthread_self (), old_policy, &old_sched);
689 
690 	mono_thread_info_detach ();
691 
692 	return NULL;
693 }
694 
695 void
696 mono_runtime_shutdown_stat_profiler (void)
697 {
698 	mono_atomic_store_i32 (&sampling_thread_running, 0);
699 
700 	mono_profiler_sampling_thread_post ();
701 
702 #ifndef HOST_DARWIN
703 	/*
704 	 * There is a slight problem when we're using CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: If
705 	 * we're shutting down and there's largely no activity in the process other
706 	 * than waiting for the sampler thread to shut down, it can take upwards of
707 	 * 20 seconds (depending on a lot of factors) for us to shut down because
708 	 * the sleep progresses very slowly as a result of the low CPU activity.
709 	 *
710 	 * We fix this by repeatedly sending the profiler signal to the sampler
711 	 * thread in order to interrupt the sleep. clock_sleep_ns_abs () will check
712 	 * sampling_thread_running upon an interrupt and return immediately if it's
713 	 * zero. profiler_signal_handler () has a special case to ignore the signal
714 	 * for the sampler thread.
715 	 */
716 	MonoThreadInfo *info;
717 
718 	// Did it shut down already?
719 	if ((info = mono_thread_info_lookup (sampling_thread))) {
720 		while (!mono_atomic_load_i32 (&sampling_thread_exiting)) {
721 			mono_threads_pthread_kill (info, profiler_signal);
722 			mono_thread_info_usleep (10 * 1000 /* 10ms */);
723 		}
724 
725 		// Make sure info can be freed.
726 		mono_hazard_pointer_clear (mono_hazard_pointer_get (), 1);
727 	}
728 #endif
729 
730 	mono_native_thread_join (sampling_thread);
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * We can't safely remove the signal handler because we have no guarantee
734 	 * that all pending signals have been delivered at this point. This should
735 	 * not really be a problem anyway.
736 	 */
737 	//remove_signal_handler (profiler_signal);
738 }
739 
740 void
741 mono_runtime_setup_stat_profiler (void)
742 {
743 	/*
744 	 * Use a real-time signal when possible. This gives us roughly a 99% signal
745 	 * delivery rate in all cases. On the other hand, using a regular signal
746 	 * tends to result in awful delivery rates when the application is heavily
747 	 * loaded.
748 	 *
749 	 * We avoid real-time signals on Android as they're super broken in certain
750 	 * API levels (too small sigset_t, nonsensical SIGRTMIN/SIGRTMAX values,
751 	 * etc).
752 	 *
753 	 * TODO: On Mac, we should explore using the Mach thread suspend/resume
754 	 * functions and doing the stack walk from the sampling thread. This would
755 	 * get us a 100% sampling rate. However, this may interfere with the GC's
756 	 * STW logic. Could perhaps be solved by taking the suspend lock.
757 	 */
758 #if defined (USE_POSIX_BACKEND) && defined (SIGRTMIN) && !defined (HOST_ANDROID)
759 	/* Just take the first real-time signal we can get. */
760 	profiler_signal = mono_threads_suspend_search_alternative_signal ();
761 #else
762 	profiler_signal = SIGPROF;
763 #endif
764 
765 	add_signal_handler (profiler_signal, profiler_signal_handler, SA_RESTART);
766 
767 	mono_counters_register ("Sampling signals sent", MONO_COUNTER_UINT | MONO_COUNTER_PROFILER | MONO_COUNTER_MONOTONIC, &profiler_signals_sent);
768 	mono_counters_register ("Sampling signals received", MONO_COUNTER_UINT | MONO_COUNTER_PROFILER | MONO_COUNTER_MONOTONIC, &profiler_signals_received);
769 	mono_counters_register ("Sampling signals accepted", MONO_COUNTER_UINT | MONO_COUNTER_PROFILER | MONO_COUNTER_MONOTONIC, &profiler_signals_accepted);
770 	mono_counters_register ("Shutdown signals received", MONO_COUNTER_UINT | MONO_COUNTER_PROFILER | MONO_COUNTER_MONOTONIC, &profiler_interrupt_signals_received);
771 
772 	mono_atomic_store_i32 (&sampling_thread_running, 1);
773 	mono_native_thread_create (&sampling_thread, sampling_thread_func, NULL);
774 }
775 
776 #else
777 
778 void
779 mono_runtime_shutdown_stat_profiler (void)
780 {
781 }
782 
783 void
784 mono_runtime_setup_stat_profiler (void)
785 {
786 }
787 
788 #endif
789 
790 #endif /* defined(HOST_WATCHOS) */
791 
792 static gboolean
793 native_stack_with_gdb (pid_t crashed_pid, const char **argv, FILE *commands, char* commands_filename)
794 {
795 	gchar *gdb;
796 
797 	gdb = g_find_program_in_path ("gdb");
798 	if (!gdb)
799 		return FALSE;
800 
801 	argv [0] = gdb;
802 	argv [1] = "-batch";
803 	argv [2] = "-x";
804 	argv [3] = commands_filename;
805 	argv [4] = "-nx";
806 
807 	fprintf (commands, "attach %ld\n", (long) crashed_pid);
808 	fprintf (commands, "info threads\n");
809 	fprintf (commands, "thread apply all bt\n");
810 
811 	return TRUE;
812 }
813 
814 
815 static gboolean
816 native_stack_with_lldb (pid_t crashed_pid, const char **argv, FILE *commands, char* commands_filename)
817 {
818 	gchar *lldb;
819 
820 	lldb = g_find_program_in_path ("lldb");
821 	if (!lldb)
822 		return FALSE;
823 
824 	argv [0] = lldb;
825 	argv [1] = "--batch";
826 	argv [2] = "--source";
827 	argv [3] = commands_filename;
828 	argv [4] = "--no-lldbinit";
829 
830 	fprintf (commands, "process attach --pid %ld\n", (long) crashed_pid);
831 	fprintf (commands, "thread list\n");
832 	fprintf (commands, "thread backtrace all\n");
833 	fprintf (commands, "detach\n");
834 	fprintf (commands, "quit\n");
835 
836 	return TRUE;
837 }
838 
839 void
840 mono_gdb_render_native_backtraces (pid_t crashed_pid)
841 {
842 #ifdef HAVE_EXECV
843 	const char *argv [10];
844 	FILE *commands;
845 	char commands_filename [] = "/tmp/mono-gdb-commands.XXXXXX";
846 
847 	if (mkstemp (commands_filename) == -1)
848 		return;
849 
850 	commands = fopen (commands_filename, "w");
851 	if (!commands) {
852 		unlink (commands_filename);
853 		return;
854 	}
855 
856 	memset (argv, 0, sizeof (char*) * 10);
857 
858 #if defined(HOST_DARWIN)
859 	if (native_stack_with_lldb (crashed_pid, argv, commands, commands_filename))
860 		goto exec;
861 #endif
862 
863 	if (native_stack_with_gdb (crashed_pid, argv, commands, commands_filename))
864 		goto exec;
865 
866 #if !defined(HOST_DARWIN)
867 	if (native_stack_with_lldb (crashed_pid, argv, commands, commands_filename))
868 		goto exec;
869 #endif
870 
871 	fprintf (stderr, "mono_gdb_render_native_backtraces not supported on this platform, unable to find gdb or lldb\n");
872 
873 	fclose (commands);
874 	unlink (commands_filename);
875 	return;
876 
877 exec:
878 	fclose (commands);
879 	execv (argv [0], (char**)argv);
880 
881 	_exit (-1);
882 #else
883 	fprintf (stderr, "mono_gdb_render_native_backtraces not supported on this platform\n");
884 #endif // HAVE_EXECV
885 }
886 
887 #if !defined (__MACH__)
888 
889 gboolean
890 mono_thread_state_init_from_handle (MonoThreadUnwindState *tctx, MonoThreadInfo *info, void *sigctx)
891 {
892 	g_error ("Posix systems don't support mono_thread_state_init_from_handle");
893 	return FALSE;
894 }
895 
896 #endif
897