1 // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project
2 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
3 
4 #ifndef OPENVDB_GRID_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
5 #define OPENVDB_GRID_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
6 
7 #include "Exceptions.h"
8 #include "MetaMap.h"
9 #include "Types.h"
10 #include "io/io.h"
11 #include "math/Transform.h"
12 #include "tree/Tree.h"
13 #include "util/logging.h"
14 #include "util/Name.h"
15 #include <cassert>
16 #include <iostream>
17 #include <set>
18 #include <type_traits>
19 #include <vector>
20 
21 
22 namespace openvdb {
23 OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
24 namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME {
25 
26 using TreeBase = tree::TreeBase;
27 
28 template<typename> class Grid; // forward declaration
29 
30 
31 /// @brief Create a new grid of type @c GridType with a given background value.
32 ///
33 /// @note Calling createGrid<GridType>(background) is equivalent to calling
34 /// GridType::create(background).
35 template<typename GridType>
36 inline typename GridType::Ptr createGrid(const typename GridType::ValueType& background);
37 
38 
39 /// @brief Create a new grid of type @c GridType with background value zero.
40 ///
41 /// @note Calling createGrid<GridType>() is equivalent to calling GridType::create().
42 template<typename GridType>
43 inline typename GridType::Ptr createGrid();
44 
45 
46 /// @brief Create a new grid of the appropriate type that wraps the given tree.
47 ///
48 /// @note This function can be called without specifying the template argument,
49 /// i.e., as createGrid(tree).
50 template<typename TreePtrType>
51 inline typename Grid<typename TreePtrType::element_type>::Ptr createGrid(TreePtrType);
52 
53 
54 /// @brief Create a new grid of type @c GridType classified as a "Level Set",
55 /// i.e., a narrow-band level set.
56 ///
57 /// @note @c GridType::ValueType must be a floating-point scalar.
58 ///
59 /// @param voxelSize  the size of a voxel in world units
60 /// @param halfWidth  the half width of the narrow band in voxel units
61 ///
62 /// @details The voxel size and the narrow band half width define the grid's
63 /// background value as halfWidth*voxelWidth.  The transform is linear
64 /// with a uniform scaling only corresponding to the specified voxel size.
65 ///
66 /// @note It is generally advisable to specify a half-width of the narrow band
67 /// that is larger than one voxel unit, otherwise zero crossings are not guaranteed.
68 template<typename GridType>
69 typename GridType::Ptr createLevelSet(
70     Real voxelSize = 1.0, Real halfWidth = LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH);
71 
72 
73 ////////////////////////////////////////
74 
75 
76 /// @brief Abstract base class for typed grids
77 class OPENVDB_API GridBase: public MetaMap
78 {
79 public:
80     using Ptr      = SharedPtr<GridBase>;
81     using ConstPtr = SharedPtr<const GridBase>;
82 
83     using GridFactory = Ptr (*)();
84 
85 
~GridBase()86     ~GridBase() override {}
87 
88 
89     /// @name Copying
90     /// @{
91 
92     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata is a
93     /// deep copy of this grid's and whose tree and transform are shared with this grid.
94     virtual GridBase::Ptr copyGrid() = 0;
95     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata is a
96     /// deep copy of this grid's and whose tree and transform are shared with this grid.
97     virtual GridBase::ConstPtr copyGrid() const = 0;
98     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata and
99     /// transform are deep copies of this grid's and whose tree is default-constructed.
100     virtual GridBase::Ptr copyGridWithNewTree() const = 0;
101 
102 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
103     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree and transform
104     /// is shared with this grid and whose metadata is provided as an argument.
105     virtual GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingMetadata(const MetaMap& meta) const = 0;
106     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
107     /// this grid, whose metadata is a deep copy of this grid's and whose transform is
108     /// provided as an argument.
109     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
110     virtual GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform) const = 0;
111     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
112     /// this grid and whose transform and metadata are provided as arguments.
113     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
114     virtual GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingMetadataAndTransform(const MetaMap& meta,
115         math::Transform::Ptr xform) const = 0;
116 #endif
117 
118     /// Return a new grid whose metadata, transform and tree are deep copies of this grid's.
119     virtual GridBase::Ptr deepCopyGrid() const = 0;
120 
121     /// @}
122 
123 
124     /// @name Registry
125     /// @{
126 
127     /// Create a new grid of the given (registered) type.
128     static Ptr createGrid(const Name& type);
129 
130     /// Return @c true if the given grid type name is registered.
131     static bool isRegistered(const Name &type);
132 
133     /// Clear the grid type registry.
134     static void clearRegistry();
135 
136     /// @}
137 
138     /// @name Type access
139     /// @{
140 
141     /// Return the name of this grid's type.
142     virtual Name type() const = 0;
143     /// Return the name of the type of a voxel's value (e.g., "float" or "vec3d").
144     virtual Name valueType() const = 0;
145 
146     /// Return @c true if this grid is of the same type as the template parameter.
147     template<typename GridType>
isType()148     bool isType() const { return (this->type() == GridType::gridType()); }
149 
150     /// @}
151 
152     //@{
153     /// @brief Return the result of downcasting a GridBase pointer to a Grid pointer
154     /// of the specified type, or return a null pointer if the types are incompatible.
155     template<typename GridType>
156     static typename GridType::Ptr grid(const GridBase::Ptr&);
157     template<typename GridType>
158     static typename GridType::ConstPtr grid(const GridBase::ConstPtr&);
159     template<typename GridType>
160     static typename GridType::ConstPtr constGrid(const GridBase::Ptr&);
161     template<typename GridType>
162     static typename GridType::ConstPtr constGrid(const GridBase::ConstPtr&);
163     //@}
164 
165     /// @name Tree
166     /// @{
167 
168     /// @brief Return a pointer to this grid's tree, which might be
169     /// shared with other grids.  The pointer is guaranteed to be non-null.
170     TreeBase::Ptr baseTreePtr();
171     /// @brief Return a pointer to this grid's tree, which might be
172     /// shared with other grids.  The pointer is guaranteed to be non-null.
baseTreePtr()173     TreeBase::ConstPtr baseTreePtr() const { return this->constBaseTreePtr(); }
174     /// @brief Return a pointer to this grid's tree, which might be
175     /// shared with other grids.  The pointer is guaranteed to be non-null.
176     virtual TreeBase::ConstPtr constBaseTreePtr() const = 0;
177 
178 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 8
179     /// @brief Return true if tree is not shared with another grid.
180     virtual bool isTreeUnique() const = 0;
181 #endif
182 
183     /// @brief Return a reference to this grid's tree, which might be
184     /// shared with other grids.
185     /// @note Calling @vdblink::GridBase::setTree() setTree@endlink
186     /// on this grid invalidates all references previously returned by this method.
baseTree()187     TreeBase& baseTree() { return const_cast<TreeBase&>(this->constBaseTree()); }
188     /// @brief Return a reference to this grid's tree, which might be
189     /// shared with other grids.
190     /// @note Calling @vdblink::GridBase::setTree() setTree@endlink
191     /// on this grid invalidates all references previously returned by this method.
baseTree()192     const TreeBase& baseTree() const { return this->constBaseTree(); }
193     /// @brief Return a reference to this grid's tree, which might be
194     /// shared with other grids.
195     /// @note Calling @vdblink::GridBase::setTree() setTree@endlink
196     /// on this grid invalidates all references previously returned by this method.
constBaseTree()197     const TreeBase& constBaseTree() const { return *(this->constBaseTreePtr()); }
198 
199     /// @brief Associate the given tree with this grid, in place of its existing tree.
200     /// @throw ValueError if the tree pointer is null
201     /// @throw TypeError if the tree is not of the appropriate type
202     /// @note Invalidates all references previously returned by
203     /// @vdblink::GridBase::baseTree() baseTree@endlink
204     /// or @vdblink::GridBase::constBaseTree() constBaseTree@endlink.
205     virtual void setTree(TreeBase::Ptr) = 0;
206 
207     /// Set a new tree with the same background value as the previous tree.
208     virtual void newTree() = 0;
209 
210     /// @}
211 
212     /// Return @c true if this grid contains only background voxels.
213     virtual bool empty() const = 0;
214     /// Empty this grid, setting all voxels to the background.
215     virtual void clear() = 0;
216 
217 
218     /// @name Tools
219     /// @{
220 
221     /// @brief Reduce the memory footprint of this grid by increasing its sparseness
222     /// either losslessly (@a tolerance = 0) or lossily (@a tolerance > 0).
223     /// @details With @a tolerance > 0, sparsify regions where voxels have the same
224     /// active state and have values that differ by no more than the tolerance
225     /// (converted to this grid's value type).
226     virtual void pruneGrid(float tolerance = 0.0) = 0;
227 
228     /// @brief Clip this grid to the given world-space bounding box.
229     /// @details Voxels that lie outside the bounding box are set to the background.
230     /// @warning Clipping a level set will likely produce a grid that is
231     /// no longer a valid level set.
232     void clipGrid(const BBoxd&);
233 
234     /// @brief Clip this grid to the given index-space bounding box.
235     /// @details Voxels that lie outside the bounding box are set to the background.
236     /// @warning Clipping a level set will likely produce a grid that is
237     /// no longer a valid level set.
238     virtual void clip(const CoordBBox&) = 0;
239 
240     /// @}
241 
242     /// @{
243     /// @brief If this grid resolves to one of the listed grid types,
244     /// invoke the given functor on the resolved grid.
245     /// @return @c false if this grid's type is not one of the listed types
246     ///
247     /// @par Example:
248     /// @code
249     /// using AllowedGridTypes = openvdb::TypeList<
250     ///     openvdb::Int32Grid, openvdb::Int64Grid,
251     ///     openvdb::FloatGrid, openvdb::DoubleGrid>;
252     ///
253     /// const openvdb::CoordBBox bbox{
254     ///     openvdb::Coord{0,0,0}, openvdb::Coord{10,10,10}};
255     ///
256     /// // Fill the grid if it is one of the allowed types.
257     /// myGridBasePtr->apply<AllowedGridTypes>(
258     ///     [&bbox](auto& grid) { // C++14
259     ///         using GridType = typename std::decay<decltype(grid)>::type;
260     ///         grid.fill(bbox, typename GridType::ValueType(1));
261     ///     }
262     /// );
263     /// @endcode
264     ///
265     /// @see @vdblink::TypeList TypeList@endlink
266     template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT> inline bool apply(OpT&) const;
267     template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT> inline bool apply(OpT&);
268     template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT> inline bool apply(const OpT&) const;
269     template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT> inline bool apply(const OpT&);
270     /// @}
271 
272     /// @name Metadata
273     /// @{
274 
275     /// Return this grid's user-specified name.
276     std::string getName() const;
277     /// Specify a name for this grid.
278     void setName(const std::string&);
279 
280     /// Return the user-specified description of this grid's creator.
281     std::string getCreator() const;
282     /// Provide a description of this grid's creator.
283     void setCreator(const std::string&);
284 
285     /// @brief Return @c true if this grid should be written out with floating-point
286     /// voxel values (including components of vectors) quantized to 16 bits.
287     bool saveFloatAsHalf() const;
288     void setSaveFloatAsHalf(bool);
289 
290     /// @brief Return the class of volumetric data (level set, fog volume, etc.)
291     /// that is stored in this grid.
292     /// @sa gridClassToString, gridClassToMenuName, stringToGridClass
293     GridClass getGridClass() const;
294     /// @brief Specify the class of volumetric data (level set, fog volume, etc.)
295     /// that is stored in this grid.
296     /// @sa gridClassToString, gridClassToMenuName, stringToGridClass
297     void setGridClass(GridClass);
298     /// Remove the setting specifying the class of this grid's volumetric data.
299     void clearGridClass();
300 
301     /// @}
302 
303     /// Return the metadata string value for the given class of volumetric data.
304     static std::string gridClassToString(GridClass);
305     /// Return a formatted string version of the grid class.
306     static std::string gridClassToMenuName(GridClass);
307     /// @brief Return the class of volumetric data specified by the given string.
308     /// @details If the string is not one of the ones returned by
309     /// @vdblink::GridBase::gridClassToString() gridClassToString@endlink,
310     /// return @c GRID_UNKNOWN.
311     static GridClass stringToGridClass(const std::string&);
312 
313     /// @name Metadata
314     /// @{
315 
316     /// @brief Return the type of vector data (invariant, covariant, etc.) stored
317     /// in this grid, assuming that this grid contains a vector-valued tree.
318     /// @sa vecTypeToString, vecTypeExamples, vecTypeDescription, stringToVecType
319     VecType getVectorType() const;
320     /// @brief Specify the type of vector data (invariant, covariant, etc.) stored
321     /// in this grid, assuming that this grid contains a vector-valued tree.
322     /// @sa vecTypeToString, vecTypeExamples, vecTypeDescription, stringToVecType
323     void setVectorType(VecType);
324     /// Remove the setting specifying the type of vector data stored in this grid.
325     void clearVectorType();
326 
327     /// @}
328 
329     /// Return the metadata string value for the given type of vector data.
330     static std::string vecTypeToString(VecType);
331     /// Return a string listing examples of the given type of vector data
332     /// (e.g., "Gradient/Normal", given VEC_COVARIANT).
333     static std::string vecTypeExamples(VecType);
334     /// @brief Return a string describing how the given type of vector data is affected
335     /// by transformations (e.g., "Does not transform", given VEC_INVARIANT).
336     static std::string vecTypeDescription(VecType);
337     static VecType stringToVecType(const std::string&);
338 
339     /// @name Metadata
340     /// @{
341 
342     /// Return @c true if this grid's voxel values are in world space and should be
343     /// affected by transformations, @c false if they are in local space and should
344     /// not be affected by transformations.
345     bool isInWorldSpace() const;
346     /// Specify whether this grid's voxel values are in world space or in local space.
347     void setIsInWorldSpace(bool);
348 
349     /// @}
350 
351     // Standard metadata field names
352     // (These fields should normally not be accessed directly, but rather
353     // via the accessor methods above, when available.)
354     // Note: Visual C++ requires these declarations to be separate statements.
355     static const char* const META_GRID_CLASS;
356     static const char* const META_GRID_CREATOR;
357     static const char* const META_GRID_NAME;
358     static const char* const META_SAVE_HALF_FLOAT;
359     static const char* const META_IS_LOCAL_SPACE;
360     static const char* const META_VECTOR_TYPE;
361     static const char* const META_FILE_BBOX_MIN;
362     static const char* const META_FILE_BBOX_MAX;
363     static const char* const META_FILE_COMPRESSION;
364     static const char* const META_FILE_MEM_BYTES;
365     static const char* const META_FILE_VOXEL_COUNT;
366     static const char* const META_FILE_DELAYED_LOAD;
367 
368 
369     /// @name Statistics
370     /// @{
371 
372     /// Return the number of active voxels.
373     virtual Index64 activeVoxelCount() const = 0;
374 
375     /// Return the axis-aligned bounding box of all active voxels. If
376     /// the grid is empty a default bbox is returned.
377     virtual CoordBBox evalActiveVoxelBoundingBox() const = 0;
378 
379     /// Return the dimensions of the axis-aligned bounding box of all active voxels.
380     virtual Coord evalActiveVoxelDim() const = 0;
381 
382     /// Return the number of bytes of memory used by this grid.
383     virtual Index64 memUsage() const = 0;
384 
385     /// @brief Add metadata to this grid comprising the current values
386     /// of statistics like the active voxel count and bounding box.
387     /// @note This metadata is not automatically kept up-to-date with
388     /// changes to this grid.
389     void addStatsMetadata();
390     /// @brief Return a new MetaMap containing just the metadata that
391     /// was added to this grid with @vdblink::GridBase::addStatsMetadata()
392     /// addStatsMetadata@endlink.
393     /// @details If @vdblink::GridBase::addStatsMetadata() addStatsMetadata@endlink
394     /// was never called on this grid, return an empty MetaMap.
395     MetaMap::Ptr getStatsMetadata() const;
396 
397     /// @}
398 
399 
400     /// @name Transform
401     /// @{
402 
403     //@{
404     /// @brief Return a pointer to this grid's transform, which might be
405     /// shared with other grids.
transformPtr()406     math::Transform::Ptr transformPtr() { return mTransform; }
transformPtr()407     math::Transform::ConstPtr transformPtr() const { return mTransform; }
constTransformPtr()408     math::Transform::ConstPtr constTransformPtr() const { return mTransform; }
409     //@}
410     //@{
411     /// @brief Return a reference to this grid's transform, which might be
412     /// shared with other grids.
413     /// @note Calling @vdblink::GridBase::setTransform() setTransform@endlink
414     /// on this grid invalidates all references previously returned by this method.
transform()415     math::Transform& transform() { return *mTransform; }
transform()416     const math::Transform& transform() const { return *mTransform; }
constTransform()417     const math::Transform& constTransform() const { return *mTransform; }
418     //@}
419 
420     /// @}
421 
422     /// @name Transform
423     /// @{
424 
425     /// @brief Associate the given transform with this grid, in place of
426     /// its existing transform.
427     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
428     /// @note Invalidates all references previously returned by
429     /// @vdblink::GridBase::transform() transform@endlink
430     /// or @vdblink::GridBase::constTransform() constTransform@endlink.
431     void setTransform(math::Transform::Ptr);
432 
433     /// Return the size of this grid's voxels.
voxelSize()434     Vec3d voxelSize() const { return transform().voxelSize(); }
435     /// @brief Return the size of this grid's voxel at position (x, y, z).
436     /// @note Frustum and perspective transforms have position-dependent voxel size.
voxelSize(const Vec3d & xyz)437     Vec3d voxelSize(const Vec3d& xyz) const { return transform().voxelSize(xyz); }
438     /// Return true if the voxels in world space are uniformly sized cubes
hasUniformVoxels()439     bool hasUniformVoxels() const { return mTransform->hasUniformScale(); }
440     /// Apply this grid's transform to the given coordinates.
indexToWorld(const Vec3d & xyz)441     Vec3d indexToWorld(const Vec3d& xyz) const { return transform().indexToWorld(xyz); }
442     /// Apply this grid's transform to the given coordinates.
indexToWorld(const Coord & ijk)443     Vec3d indexToWorld(const Coord& ijk) const { return transform().indexToWorld(ijk); }
444     /// Apply the inverse of this grid's transform to the given coordinates.
worldToIndex(const Vec3d & xyz)445     Vec3d worldToIndex(const Vec3d& xyz) const { return transform().worldToIndex(xyz); }
446 
447     /// @}
448 
449 
450     /// @name I/O
451     /// @{
452 
453     /// @brief Read the grid topology from a stream.
454     /// This will read only the grid structure, not the actual data buffers.
455     virtual void readTopology(std::istream&) = 0;
456     /// @brief Write the grid topology to a stream.
457     /// This will write only the grid structure, not the actual data buffers.
458     virtual void writeTopology(std::ostream&) const = 0;
459 
460     /// Read all data buffers for this grid.
461     virtual void readBuffers(std::istream&) = 0;
462     /// Read all of this grid's data buffers that intersect the given index-space bounding box.
463     virtual void readBuffers(std::istream&, const CoordBBox&) = 0;
464     /// @brief Read all of this grid's data buffers that are not yet resident in memory
465     /// (because delayed loading is in effect).
466     /// @details If this grid was read from a memory-mapped file, this operation
467     /// disconnects the grid from the file.
468     /// @sa io::File::open, io::MappedFile
469     virtual void readNonresidentBuffers() const = 0;
470     /// Write out all data buffers for this grid.
471     virtual void writeBuffers(std::ostream&) const = 0;
472 
473     /// Read in the transform for this grid.
readTransform(std::istream & is)474     void readTransform(std::istream& is) { transform().read(is); }
475     /// Write out the transform for this grid.
writeTransform(std::ostream & os)476     void writeTransform(std::ostream& os) const { transform().write(os); }
477 
478     /// Output a human-readable description of this grid.
479     virtual void print(std::ostream& = std::cout, int verboseLevel = 1) const = 0;
480 
481     /// @}
482 
483 
484 protected:
485     /// @brief Initialize with an identity linear transform.
GridBase()486     GridBase(): mTransform(math::Transform::createLinearTransform()) {}
487 
488 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
489     /// @brief Initialize with metadata and a transform.
490     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
491     GridBase(const MetaMap& meta, math::Transform::Ptr xform);
492 #endif
493 
494     /// @brief Deep copy another grid's metadata and transform.
GridBase(const GridBase & other)495     GridBase(const GridBase& other): MetaMap(other), mTransform(other.mTransform->copy()) {}
496 
497     /// @brief Copy another grid's metadata but share its transform.
GridBase(GridBase & other,ShallowCopy)498     GridBase(GridBase& other, ShallowCopy): MetaMap(other), mTransform(other.mTransform) {}
499 
500     /// Register a grid type along with a factory function.
501     static void registerGrid(const Name& type, GridFactory);
502     /// Remove a grid type from the registry.
503     static void unregisterGrid(const Name& type);
504 
505 
506 private:
507     math::Transform::Ptr mTransform;
508 }; // class GridBase
509 
510 
511 ////////////////////////////////////////
512 
513 
514 using GridPtrVec       = std::vector<GridBase::Ptr>;
515 using GridPtrVecIter   = GridPtrVec::iterator;
516 using GridPtrVecCIter  = GridPtrVec::const_iterator;
517 using GridPtrVecPtr    = SharedPtr<GridPtrVec>;
518 
519 using GridCPtrVec      = std::vector<GridBase::ConstPtr>;
520 using GridCPtrVecIter  = GridCPtrVec::iterator;
521 using GridCPtrVecCIter = GridCPtrVec::const_iterator;
522 using GridCPtrVecPtr   = SharedPtr<GridCPtrVec>;
523 
524 using GridPtrSet       = std::set<GridBase::Ptr>;
525 using GridPtrSetIter   = GridPtrSet::iterator;
526 using GridPtrSetCIter  = GridPtrSet::const_iterator;
527 using GridPtrSetPtr    = SharedPtr<GridPtrSet>;
528 
529 using GridCPtrSet      = std::set<GridBase::ConstPtr>;
530 using GridCPtrSetIter  = GridCPtrSet::iterator;
531 using GridCPtrSetCIter = GridCPtrSet::const_iterator;
532 using GridCPtrSetPtr   = SharedPtr<GridCPtrSet>;
533 
534 
535 /// @brief Predicate functor that returns @c true for grids that have a specified name
536 struct OPENVDB_API GridNamePred
537 {
GridNamePredGridNamePred538     GridNamePred(const Name& _name): name(_name) {}
operatorGridNamePred539     bool operator()(const GridBase::ConstPtr& g) const { return g && g->getName() == name; }
540     Name name;
541 };
542 
543 /// Return the first grid in the given container whose name is @a name.
544 template<typename GridPtrContainerT>
545 inline typename GridPtrContainerT::value_type
findGridByName(const GridPtrContainerT & container,const Name & name)546 findGridByName(const GridPtrContainerT& container, const Name& name)
547 {
548     using GridPtrT = typename GridPtrContainerT::value_type;
549     typename GridPtrContainerT::const_iterator it =
550         std::find_if(container.begin(), container.end(), GridNamePred(name));
551     return (it == container.end() ? GridPtrT() : *it);
552 }
553 
554 /// Return the first grid in the given map whose name is @a name.
555 template<typename KeyT, typename GridPtrT>
556 inline GridPtrT
findGridByName(const std::map<KeyT,GridPtrT> & container,const Name & name)557 findGridByName(const std::map<KeyT, GridPtrT>& container, const Name& name)
558 {
559     using GridPtrMapT = std::map<KeyT, GridPtrT>;
560     for (typename GridPtrMapT::const_iterator it = container.begin(), end = container.end();
561         it != end; ++it)
562     {
563         const GridPtrT& grid = it->second;
564         if (grid && grid->getName() == name) return grid;
565     }
566     return GridPtrT();
567 }
568 //@}
569 
570 
571 ////////////////////////////////////////
572 
573 
574 /// @brief Container class that associates a tree with a transform and metadata
575 template<typename _TreeType>
576 class Grid: public GridBase
577 {
578 public:
579     using Ptr                 = SharedPtr<Grid>;
580     using ConstPtr            = SharedPtr<const Grid>;
581 
582     using TreeType            = _TreeType;
583     using TreePtrType         = typename _TreeType::Ptr;
584     using ConstTreePtrType    = typename _TreeType::ConstPtr;
585     using ValueType           = typename _TreeType::ValueType;
586     using BuildType           = typename _TreeType::BuildType;
587 
588     using ValueOnIter         = typename _TreeType::ValueOnIter;
589     using ValueOnCIter        = typename _TreeType::ValueOnCIter;
590     using ValueOffIter        = typename _TreeType::ValueOffIter;
591     using ValueOffCIter       = typename _TreeType::ValueOffCIter;
592     using ValueAllIter        = typename _TreeType::ValueAllIter;
593     using ValueAllCIter       = typename _TreeType::ValueAllCIter;
594 
595     using Accessor            = typename tree::ValueAccessor<_TreeType, true>;
596     using ConstAccessor       = typename tree::ValueAccessor<const _TreeType, true>;
597     using UnsafeAccessor      = typename tree::ValueAccessor<_TreeType, false>;
598     using ConstUnsafeAccessor = typename tree::ValueAccessor<const _TreeType, false>;
599 
600     /// @brief ValueConverter<T>::Type is the type of a grid having the same
601     /// hierarchy as this grid but a different value type, T.
602     ///
603     /// For example, FloatGrid::ValueConverter<double>::Type is equivalent to DoubleGrid.
604     /// @note If the source grid type is a template argument, it might be necessary
605     /// to write "typename SourceGrid::template ValueConverter<T>::Type".
606     template<typename OtherValueType>
607     struct ValueConverter {
608         using Type = Grid<typename TreeType::template ValueConverter<OtherValueType>::Type>;
609     };
610 
611     /// Return a new grid with the given background value.
612     static Ptr create(const ValueType& background);
613     /// Return a new grid with background value zero.
614     static Ptr create();
615     /// @brief Return a new grid that contains the given tree.
616     /// @throw ValueError if the tree pointer is null
617     static Ptr create(TreePtrType);
618     /// @brief Return a new, empty grid with the same transform and metadata as the
619     /// given grid and with background value zero.
620     static Ptr create(const GridBase& other);
621 
622 
623     /// Construct a new grid with background value zero.
624     Grid();
625     /// Construct a new grid with the given background value.
626     explicit Grid(const ValueType& background);
627     /// @brief Construct a new grid that shares the given tree and associates with it
628     /// an identity linear transform.
629     /// @throw ValueError if the tree pointer is null
630     explicit Grid(TreePtrType);
631     /// Deep copy another grid's metadata, transform and tree.
632     Grid(const Grid&);
633     /// @brief Deep copy the metadata, transform and tree of another grid whose tree
634     /// configuration is the same as this grid's but whose value type is different.
635     /// Cast the other grid's values to this grid's value type.
636     /// @throw TypeError if the other grid's tree configuration doesn't match this grid's
637     /// or if this grid's ValueType is not constructible from the other grid's ValueType.
638     template<typename OtherTreeType>
639     explicit Grid(const Grid<OtherTreeType>&);
640     /// Deep copy another grid's metadata and transform, but share its tree.
641     Grid(Grid&, ShallowCopy);
642     /// @brief Deep copy another grid's metadata and transform, but construct a new tree
643     /// with background value zero.
644     explicit Grid(const GridBase&);
645 
~Grid()646     ~Grid() override {}
647 
648     /// Disallow assignment, since it wouldn't be obvious whether the copy is deep or shallow.
649     Grid& operator=(const Grid&) = delete;
650 
651     /// @name Copying
652     /// @{
653 
654     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata and
655     /// transform are deep copies of this grid's and whose tree is shared with this grid.
656     Ptr copy();
657     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata and
658     /// transform are deep copies of this grid's and whose tree is shared with this grid.
659     ConstPtr copy() const;
660     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata and
661     /// transform are deep copies of this grid's and whose tree is default-constructed.
662     Ptr copyWithNewTree() const;
663 
664     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata is a
665     /// deep copy of this grid's and whose tree and transform are shared with this grid.
666     GridBase::Ptr copyGrid() override;
667     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata is a
668     /// deep copy of this grid's and whose tree and transform are shared with this grid.
669     GridBase::ConstPtr copyGrid() const override;
670     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose metadata and
671     /// transform are deep copies of this grid's and whose tree is default-constructed.
672     GridBase::Ptr copyGridWithNewTree() const override;
673     //@}
674 
675     /// @name Copying
676     /// @{
677 
678 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
679     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree and transform
680     /// is shared with this grid and whose metadata is provided as an argument.
681     ConstPtr copyReplacingMetadata(const MetaMap& meta) const;
682     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
683     /// this grid, whose metadata is a deep copy of this grid's and whose transform is
684     /// provided as an argument.
685     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
686     ConstPtr copyReplacingTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform) const;
687     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
688     /// this grid and whose transform and metadata are provided as arguments.
689     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
690     ConstPtr copyReplacingMetadataAndTransform(const MetaMap& meta,
691         math::Transform::Ptr xform) const;
692 
693     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree and transform
694     /// is shared with this grid and whose metadata is provided as an argument.
695     GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingMetadata(const MetaMap& meta) const override;
696     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
697     /// this grid, whose metadata is a deep copy of this grid's and whose transform is
698     /// provided as an argument.
699     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
700     GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform) const override;
701     /// @brief Return a new grid of the same type as this grid whose tree is shared with
702     /// this grid and whose transform and metadata are provided as arguments.
703     /// @throw ValueError if the transform pointer is null
704     GridBase::ConstPtr copyGridReplacingMetadataAndTransform(const MetaMap& meta,
705         math::Transform::Ptr xform) const override;
706 #endif
707 
708     /// @brief Return a new grid whose metadata, transform and tree are deep copies of this grid's.
deepCopy()709     Ptr deepCopy() const { return Ptr(new Grid(*this)); }
710     /// @brief Return a new grid whose metadata, transform and tree are deep copies of this grid's.
deepCopyGrid()711     GridBase::Ptr deepCopyGrid() const override { return this->deepCopy(); }
712 
713     //@}
714 
715 
716     /// Return the name of this grid's type.
type()717     Name type() const override { return this->gridType(); }
718     /// Return the name of this type of grid.
gridType()719     static Name gridType() { return TreeType::treeType(); }
720 
721     /// Return the name of the type of a voxel's value (e.g., "float" or "vec3d").
valueType()722     Name valueType() const override { return tree().valueType(); }
723 
724 
725     /// @name Voxel access
726     /// @{
727 
728     /// @brief Return this grid's background value.
729     /// @note Use tools::changeBackground to efficiently modify the background value.
background()730     const ValueType& background() const { return mTree->background(); }
731 
732     /// Return @c true if this grid contains only inactive background voxels.
empty()733     bool empty() const override { return tree().empty(); }
734     /// Empty this grid, so that all voxels become inactive background voxels.
clear()735     void clear() override { tree().clear(); }
736 
737     /// @brief Return an accessor that provides random read and write access
738     /// to this grid's voxels.
739     /// @details The accessor is safe in the sense that it is registered with this grid's tree.
getAccessor()740     Accessor getAccessor() { return Accessor(tree()); }
741     /// @brief Return an unsafe accessor that provides random read and write access
742     /// to this grid's voxels.
743     /// @details The accessor is unsafe in the sense that it is not registered
744     /// with this grid's tree.  In some rare cases this can give a performance advantage
745     /// over a registered accessor, but it is unsafe if the tree topology is modified.
746     /// @warning Only use this method if you're an expert and know the
747     /// risks of using an unregistered accessor (see tree/ValueAccessor.h)
getUnsafeAccessor()748     UnsafeAccessor getUnsafeAccessor() { return UnsafeAccessor(tree()); }
749     /// Return an accessor that provides random read-only access to this grid's voxels.
getAccessor()750     ConstAccessor getAccessor() const { return ConstAccessor(tree()); }
751     /// Return an accessor that provides random read-only access to this grid's voxels.
getConstAccessor()752     ConstAccessor getConstAccessor() const { return ConstAccessor(tree()); }
753     /// @brief Return an unsafe accessor that provides random read-only access
754     /// to this grid's voxels.
755     /// @details The accessor is unsafe in the sense that it is not registered
756     /// with this grid's tree.  In some rare cases this can give a performance advantage
757     /// over a registered accessor, but it is unsafe if the tree topology is modified.
758     /// @warning Only use this method if you're an expert and know the
759     /// risks of using an unregistered accessor (see tree/ValueAccessor.h)
getConstUnsafeAccessor()760     ConstUnsafeAccessor getConstUnsafeAccessor() const { return ConstUnsafeAccessor(tree()); }
761 
762     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's active values (tile and voxel).
beginValueOn()763     ValueOnIter   beginValueOn()       { return tree().beginValueOn(); }
764     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's active values (tile and voxel).
beginValueOn()765     ValueOnCIter  beginValueOn() const { return tree().cbeginValueOn(); }
766     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's active values (tile and voxel).
cbeginValueOn()767     ValueOnCIter cbeginValueOn() const { return tree().cbeginValueOn(); }
768     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's inactive values (tile and voxel).
beginValueOff()769     ValueOffIter   beginValueOff()       { return tree().beginValueOff(); }
770     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's inactive values (tile and voxel).
beginValueOff()771     ValueOffCIter  beginValueOff() const { return tree().cbeginValueOff(); }
772     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's inactive values (tile and voxel).
cbeginValueOff()773     ValueOffCIter cbeginValueOff() const { return tree().cbeginValueOff(); }
774     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's values (tile and voxel).
beginValueAll()775     ValueAllIter   beginValueAll()       { return tree().beginValueAll(); }
776     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's values (tile and voxel).
beginValueAll()777     ValueAllCIter  beginValueAll() const { return tree().cbeginValueAll(); }
778     /// Return an iterator over all of this grid's values (tile and voxel).
cbeginValueAll()779     ValueAllCIter cbeginValueAll() const { return tree().cbeginValueAll(); }
780 
781     /// @}
782 
783     /// @name Tools
784     /// @{
785 
786     /// @brief Set all voxels within a given axis-aligned box to a constant value.
787     /// @param bbox    inclusive coordinates of opposite corners of an axis-aligned box
788     /// @param value   the value to which to set voxels within the box
789     /// @param active  if true, mark voxels within the box as active,
790     ///                otherwise mark them as inactive
791     /// @note This operation generates a sparse, but not always optimally sparse,
792     /// representation of the filled box.  Follow fill operations with a prune()
793     /// operation for optimal sparseness.
794     void sparseFill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active = true);
795     /// @brief Set all voxels within a given axis-aligned box to a constant value.
796     /// @param bbox    inclusive coordinates of opposite corners of an axis-aligned box
797     /// @param value   the value to which to set voxels within the box
798     /// @param active  if true, mark voxels within the box as active,
799     ///                otherwise mark them as inactive
800     /// @note This operation generates a sparse, but not always optimally sparse,
801     /// representation of the filled box.  Follow fill operations with a prune()
802     /// operation for optimal sparseness.
803     void fill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active = true);
804 
805     /// @brief Set all voxels within a given axis-aligned box to a constant value
806     /// and ensure that those voxels are all represented at the leaf level.
807     /// @param bbox    inclusive coordinates of opposite corners of an axis-aligned box.
808     /// @param value   the value to which to set voxels within the box.
809     /// @param active  if true, mark voxels within the box as active,
810     ///                otherwise mark them as inactive.
811     void denseFill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active = true);
812 
813     /// Reduce the memory footprint of this grid by increasing its sparseness.
814     void pruneGrid(float tolerance = 0.0) override;
815 
816     /// @brief Clip this grid to the given index-space bounding box.
817     /// @details Voxels that lie outside the bounding box are set to the background.
818     /// @warning Clipping a level set will likely produce a grid that is
819     /// no longer a valid level set.
820     void clip(const CoordBBox&) override;
821 
822     /// @brief Efficiently merge another grid into this grid using one of several schemes.
823     /// @details This operation is primarily intended to combine grids that are mostly
824     /// non-overlapping (for example, intermediate grids from computations that are
825     /// parallelized across disjoint regions of space).
826     /// @warning This operation always empties the other grid.
827     void merge(Grid& other, MergePolicy policy = MERGE_ACTIVE_STATES);
828 
829     /// @brief Union this grid's set of active values with the active values
830     /// of the other grid, whose value type may be different.
831     /// @details The resulting state of a value is active if the corresponding value
832     /// was already active OR if it is active in the other grid. Also, a resulting
833     /// value maps to a voxel if the corresponding value already mapped to a voxel
834     /// OR if it is a voxel in the other grid. Thus, a resulting value can only
835     /// map to a tile if the corresponding value already mapped to a tile
836     /// AND if it is a tile value in the other grid.
837     ///
838     /// @note This operation modifies only active states, not values.
839     /// Specifically, active tiles and voxels in this grid are not changed, and
840     /// tiles or voxels that were inactive in this grid but active in the other grid
841     /// are marked as active in this grid but left with their original values.
842     template<typename OtherTreeType>
843     void topologyUnion(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other);
844 
845     /// @brief Intersect this grid's set of active values with the active values
846     /// of the other grid, whose value type may be different.
847     /// @details The resulting state of a value is active only if the corresponding
848     /// value was already active AND if it is active in the other tree. Also, a
849     /// resulting value maps to a voxel if the corresponding value
850     /// already mapped to an active voxel in either of the two grids
851     /// and it maps to an active tile or voxel in the other grid.
852     ///
853     /// @note This operation can delete branches of this grid that overlap with
854     /// inactive tiles in the other grid.  Also, because it can deactivate voxels,
855     /// it can create leaf nodes with no active values.  Thus, it is recommended
856     /// to prune this grid after calling this method.
857     template<typename OtherTreeType>
858     void topologyIntersection(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other);
859 
860     /// @brief Difference this grid's set of active values with the active values
861     /// of the other grid, whose value type may be different.
862     /// @details After this method is called, voxels in this grid will be active
863     /// only if they were active to begin with and if the corresponding voxels
864     /// in the other grid were inactive.
865     ///
866     /// @note This operation can delete branches of this grid that overlap with
867     /// active tiles in the other grid.  Also, because it can deactivate voxels,
868     /// it can create leaf nodes with no active values.  Thus, it is recommended
869     /// to prune this grid after calling this method.
870     template<typename OtherTreeType>
871     void topologyDifference(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other);
872 
873     /// @}
874 
875     /// @name Statistics
876     /// @{
877 
878     /// Return the number of active voxels.
activeVoxelCount()879     Index64 activeVoxelCount() const override { return tree().activeVoxelCount(); }
880     /// Return the axis-aligned bounding box of all active voxels.
881     CoordBBox evalActiveVoxelBoundingBox() const override;
882     /// Return the dimensions of the axis-aligned bounding box of all active voxels.
883     Coord evalActiveVoxelDim() const override;
884     /// Return the minimum and maximum active values in this grid.
885     void evalMinMax(ValueType& minVal, ValueType& maxVal) const;
886 
887     /// Return the number of bytes of memory used by this grid.
888     /// @todo Add transform().memUsage()
memUsage()889     Index64 memUsage() const override { return tree().memUsage(); }
890 
891     /// @}
892 
893 
894     /// @name Tree
895     /// @{
896 
897     //@{
898     /// @brief Return a pointer to this grid's tree, which might be
899     /// shared with other grids.  The pointer is guaranteed to be non-null.
treePtr()900     TreePtrType treePtr() { return mTree; }
treePtr()901     ConstTreePtrType treePtr() const { return mTree; }
constTreePtr()902     ConstTreePtrType constTreePtr() const { return mTree; }
constBaseTreePtr()903     TreeBase::ConstPtr constBaseTreePtr() const override { return mTree; }
904     //@}
905     /// @brief Return true if tree is not shared with another grid.
906     /// @note This is a virtual function with ABI=8
907 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 8
908     bool isTreeUnique() const final;
909 #else
910     bool isTreeUnique() const;
911 #endif
912     //@{
913     /// @brief Return a reference to this grid's tree, which might be
914     /// shared with other grids.
915     /// @note Calling setTree() on this grid invalidates all references
916     /// previously returned by this method.
tree()917     TreeType& tree() { return *mTree; }
tree()918     const TreeType& tree() const { return *mTree; }
constTree()919     const TreeType& constTree() const { return *mTree; }
920     //@}
921 
922     /// @}
923 
924     /// @name Tree
925     /// @{
926 
927     /// @brief Associate the given tree with this grid, in place of its existing tree.
928     /// @throw ValueError if the tree pointer is null
929     /// @throw TypeError if the tree is not of type TreeType
930     /// @note Invalidates all references previously returned by baseTree(),
931     /// constBaseTree(), tree() or constTree().
932     void setTree(TreeBase::Ptr) override;
933 
934     /// @brief Associate a new, empty tree with this grid, in place of its existing tree.
935     /// @note The new tree has the same background value as the existing tree.
936     void newTree() override;
937 
938     /// @}
939 
940 
941     /// @name I/O
942     /// @{
943 
944     /// @brief Read the grid topology from a stream.
945     /// This will read only the grid structure, not the actual data buffers.
946     void readTopology(std::istream&) override;
947     /// @brief Write the grid topology to a stream.
948     /// This will write only the grid structure, not the actual data buffers.
949     void writeTopology(std::ostream&) const override;
950 
951     /// Read all data buffers for this grid.
952     void readBuffers(std::istream&) override;
953     /// Read all of this grid's data buffers that intersect the given index-space bounding box.
954     void readBuffers(std::istream&, const CoordBBox&) override;
955     /// @brief Read all of this grid's data buffers that are not yet resident in memory
956     /// (because delayed loading is in effect).
957     /// @details If this grid was read from a memory-mapped file, this operation
958     /// disconnects the grid from the file.
959     /// @sa io::File::open, io::MappedFile
960     void readNonresidentBuffers() const override;
961     /// Write out all data buffers for this grid.
962     void writeBuffers(std::ostream&) const override;
963 
964     /// Output a human-readable description of this grid.
965     void print(std::ostream& = std::cout, int verboseLevel = 1) const override;
966 
967     /// @}
968 
969     /// @brief Return @c true if grids of this type require multiple I/O passes
970     /// to read and write data buffers.
971     /// @sa HasMultiPassIO
972     static inline bool hasMultiPassIO();
973 
974 
975     /// @name Registry
976     /// @{
977 
978     /// Return @c true if this grid type is registered.
isRegistered()979     static bool isRegistered() { return GridBase::isRegistered(Grid::gridType()); }
980     /// Register this grid type along with a factory function.
registerGrid()981     static void registerGrid() { GridBase::registerGrid(Grid::gridType(), Grid::factory); }
982     /// Remove this grid type from the registry.
unregisterGrid()983     static void unregisterGrid() { GridBase::unregisterGrid(Grid::gridType()); }
984 
985     /// @}
986 
987 
988 private:
989 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
990     /// Deep copy metadata, but share tree and transform.
991     Grid(TreePtrType tree, const MetaMap& meta, math::Transform::Ptr xform);
992 #endif
993 
994     /// Helper function for use with registerGrid()
factory()995     static GridBase::Ptr factory() { return Grid::create(); }
996 
997     TreePtrType mTree;
998 }; // class Grid
999 
1000 
1001 ////////////////////////////////////////
1002 
1003 
1004 /// @brief Cast a generic grid pointer to a pointer to a grid of a concrete class.
1005 ///
1006 /// Return a null pointer if the input pointer is null or if it
1007 /// points to a grid that is not of type @c GridType.
1008 ///
1009 /// @note Calling gridPtrCast<GridType>(grid) is equivalent to calling
1010 /// GridBase::grid<GridType>(grid).
1011 template<typename GridType>
1012 inline typename GridType::Ptr
gridPtrCast(const GridBase::Ptr & grid)1013 gridPtrCast(const GridBase::Ptr& grid)
1014 {
1015     return GridBase::grid<GridType>(grid);
1016 }
1017 
1018 
1019 /// @brief Cast a generic const grid pointer to a const pointer to a grid
1020 /// of a concrete class.
1021 ///
1022 /// Return a null pointer if the input pointer is null or if it
1023 /// points to a grid that is not of type @c GridType.
1024 ///
1025 /// @note Calling gridConstPtrCast<GridType>(grid) is equivalent to calling
1026 /// GridBase::constGrid<GridType>(grid).
1027 template<typename GridType>
1028 inline typename GridType::ConstPtr
gridConstPtrCast(const GridBase::ConstPtr & grid)1029 gridConstPtrCast(const GridBase::ConstPtr& grid)
1030 {
1031     return GridBase::constGrid<GridType>(grid);
1032 }
1033 
1034 
1035 ////////////////////////////////////////
1036 
1037 
1038 /// @{
1039 /// @brief Return a pointer to a deep copy of the given grid, provided that
1040 /// the grid's concrete type is @c GridType.
1041 ///
1042 /// Return a null pointer if the input pointer is null or if it
1043 /// points to a grid that is not of type @c GridType.
1044 template<typename GridType>
1045 inline typename GridType::Ptr
deepCopyTypedGrid(const GridBase::ConstPtr & grid)1046 deepCopyTypedGrid(const GridBase::ConstPtr& grid)
1047 {
1048     if (!grid || !grid->isType<GridType>()) return typename GridType::Ptr();
1049     return gridPtrCast<GridType>(grid->deepCopyGrid());
1050 }
1051 
1052 
1053 template<typename GridType>
1054 inline typename GridType::Ptr
deepCopyTypedGrid(const GridBase & grid)1055 deepCopyTypedGrid(const GridBase& grid)
1056 {
1057     if (!grid.isType<GridType>()) return typename GridType::Ptr();
1058     return gridPtrCast<GridType>(grid.deepCopyGrid());
1059 }
1060 /// @}
1061 
1062 
1063 ////////////////////////////////////////
1064 
1065 
1066 //@{
1067 /// @brief This adapter allows code that is templated on a Tree type to
1068 /// accept either a Tree type or a Grid type.
1069 template<typename _TreeType>
1070 struct TreeAdapter
1071 {
1072     using TreeType             = _TreeType;
1073     using NonConstTreeType     = typename std::remove_const<TreeType>::type;
1074     using TreePtrType          = typename TreeType::Ptr;
1075     using ConstTreePtrType     = typename TreeType::ConstPtr;
1076     using NonConstTreePtrType  = typename NonConstTreeType::Ptr;
1077     using GridType             = Grid<TreeType>;
1078     using NonConstGridType     = Grid<NonConstTreeType>;
1079     using GridPtrType          = typename GridType::Ptr;
1080     using NonConstGridPtrType  = typename NonConstGridType::Ptr;
1081     using ConstGridPtrType     = typename GridType::ConstPtr;
1082     using ValueType            = typename TreeType::ValueType;
1083     using AccessorType         = typename tree::ValueAccessor<TreeType>;
1084     using ConstAccessorType    = typename tree::ValueAccessor<const TreeType>;
1085     using NonConstAccessorType = typename tree::ValueAccessor<NonConstTreeType>;
1086 
treeTreeAdapter1087     static TreeType& tree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
treeTreeAdapter1088     static TreeType& tree(GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
treeTreeAdapter1089     static const TreeType& tree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
treeTreeAdapter1090     static const TreeType& tree(const GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
constTreeTreeAdapter1091     static const TreeType& constTree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
constTreeTreeAdapter1092     static const TreeType& constTree(GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
constTreeTreeAdapter1093     static const TreeType& constTree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
constTreeTreeAdapter1094     static const TreeType& constTree(const GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
1095 };
1096 
1097 
1098 /// Partial specialization for Grid types
1099 template<typename _TreeType>
1100 struct TreeAdapter<Grid<_TreeType> >
1101 {
1102     using TreeType             = _TreeType;
1103     using NonConstTreeType     = typename std::remove_const<TreeType>::type;
1104     using TreePtrType          = typename TreeType::Ptr;
1105     using ConstTreePtrType     = typename TreeType::ConstPtr;
1106     using NonConstTreePtrType  = typename NonConstTreeType::Ptr;
1107     using GridType             = Grid<TreeType>;
1108     using NonConstGridType     = Grid<NonConstTreeType>;
1109     using GridPtrType          = typename GridType::Ptr;
1110     using NonConstGridPtrType  = typename NonConstGridType::Ptr;
1111     using ConstGridPtrType     = typename GridType::ConstPtr;
1112     using ValueType            = typename TreeType::ValueType;
1113     using AccessorType         = typename tree::ValueAccessor<TreeType>;
1114     using ConstAccessorType    = typename tree::ValueAccessor<const TreeType>;
1115     using NonConstAccessorType = typename tree::ValueAccessor<NonConstTreeType>;
1116 
1117     static TreeType& tree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
1118     static TreeType& tree(GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
1119     static const TreeType& tree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
1120     static const TreeType& tree(const GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
1121     static const TreeType& constTree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
1122     static const TreeType& constTree(GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
1123     static const TreeType& constTree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
1124     static const TreeType& constTree(const GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
1125 };
1126 
1127 /// Partial specialization for ValueAccessor types
1128 template<typename _TreeType>
1129 struct TreeAdapter<tree::ValueAccessor<_TreeType> >
1130 {
1131     using TreeType             = _TreeType;
1132     using NonConstTreeType     = typename std::remove_const<TreeType>::type;
1133     using TreePtrType          = typename TreeType::Ptr;
1134     using ConstTreePtrType     = typename TreeType::ConstPtr;
1135     using NonConstTreePtrType  = typename NonConstTreeType::Ptr;
1136     using GridType             = Grid<TreeType>;
1137     using NonConstGridType     = Grid<NonConstTreeType>;
1138     using GridPtrType          = typename GridType::Ptr;
1139     using NonConstGridPtrType  = typename NonConstGridType::Ptr;
1140     using ConstGridPtrType     = typename GridType::ConstPtr;
1141     using ValueType            = typename TreeType::ValueType;
1142     using AccessorType         = typename tree::ValueAccessor<TreeType>;
1143     using ConstAccessorType    = typename tree::ValueAccessor<const TreeType>;
1144     using NonConstAccessorType = typename tree::ValueAccessor<NonConstTreeType>;
1145 
1146     static TreeType& tree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
1147     static TreeType& tree(GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
1148     static TreeType& tree(AccessorType& a) { return a.tree(); }
1149     static const TreeType& tree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
1150     static const TreeType& tree(const GridType& g) { return g.tree(); }
1151     static const TreeType& tree(const AccessorType& a) { return a.tree(); }
1152     static const TreeType& constTree(TreeType& t) { return t; }
1153     static const TreeType& constTree(GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
1154     static const TreeType& constTree(const TreeType& t) { return t; }
1155     static const TreeType& constTree(const GridType& g) { return g.constTree(); }
1156 };
1157 
1158 //@}
1159 
1160 
1161 ////////////////////////////////////////
1162 
1163 
1164 /// @brief Metafunction that specifies whether a given leaf node, tree, or grid type
1165 /// requires multiple passes to read and write voxel data
1166 /// @details Multi-pass I/O allows one to optimize the data layout of leaf nodes
1167 /// for certain access patterns during delayed loading.
1168 /// @sa io::MultiPass
1169 template<typename LeafNodeType>
1170 struct HasMultiPassIO {
1171     static const bool value = std::is_base_of<io::MultiPass, LeafNodeType>::value;
1172 };
1173 
1174 // Partial specialization for Tree types
1175 template<typename RootNodeType>
1176 struct HasMultiPassIO<tree::Tree<RootNodeType>> {
1177     // A tree is multi-pass if its (root node's) leaf node type is multi-pass.
1178     static const bool value = HasMultiPassIO<typename RootNodeType::LeafNodeType>::value;
1179 };
1180 
1181 // Partial specialization for Grid types
1182 template<typename TreeType>
1183 struct HasMultiPassIO<Grid<TreeType>> {
1184     // A grid is multi-pass if its tree's leaf node type is multi-pass.
1185     static const bool value = HasMultiPassIO<typename TreeType::LeafNodeType>::value;
1186 };
1187 
1188 
1189 ////////////////////////////////////////
1190 
1191 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
1192 inline GridBase::GridBase(const MetaMap& meta, math::Transform::Ptr xform)
1193     : MetaMap(meta)
1194     , mTransform(xform)
1195 {
1196     if (!xform) OPENVDB_THROW(ValueError, "Transform pointer is null");
1197 }
1198 #endif
1199 
1200 template<typename GridType>
1201 inline typename GridType::Ptr
1202 GridBase::grid(const GridBase::Ptr& grid)
1203 {
1204     // The string comparison on type names is slower than a dynamic pointer cast, but
1205     // it is safer when pointers cross DSO boundaries, as they do in many Houdini nodes.
1206     if (grid && grid->type() == GridType::gridType()) {
1207         return StaticPtrCast<GridType>(grid);
1208     }
1209     return typename GridType::Ptr();
1210 }
1211 
1212 
1213 template<typename GridType>
1214 inline typename GridType::ConstPtr
1215 GridBase::grid(const GridBase::ConstPtr& grid)
1216 {
1217     return ConstPtrCast<const GridType>(
1218         GridBase::grid<GridType>(ConstPtrCast<GridBase>(grid)));
1219 }
1220 
1221 
1222 template<typename GridType>
1223 inline typename GridType::ConstPtr
1224 GridBase::constGrid(const GridBase::Ptr& grid)
1225 {
1226     return ConstPtrCast<const GridType>(GridBase::grid<GridType>(grid));
1227 }
1228 
1229 
1230 template<typename GridType>
1231 inline typename GridType::ConstPtr
1232 GridBase::constGrid(const GridBase::ConstPtr& grid)
1233 {
1234     return ConstPtrCast<const GridType>(
1235         GridBase::grid<GridType>(ConstPtrCast<GridBase>(grid)));
1236 }
1237 
1238 
1239 inline TreeBase::Ptr
1240 GridBase::baseTreePtr()
1241 {
1242     return ConstPtrCast<TreeBase>(this->constBaseTreePtr());
1243 }
1244 
1245 
1246 inline void
1247 GridBase::setTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform)
1248 {
1249     if (!xform) OPENVDB_THROW(ValueError, "Transform pointer is null");
1250     mTransform = xform;
1251 }
1252 
1253 
1254 ////////////////////////////////////////
1255 
1256 
1257 template<typename TreeT>
1258 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(): mTree(new TreeType)
1259 {
1260 }
1261 
1262 
1263 template<typename TreeT>
1264 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(const ValueType &background): mTree(new TreeType(background))
1265 {
1266 }
1267 
1268 
1269 template<typename TreeT>
1270 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(TreePtrType tree): mTree(tree)
1271 {
1272     if (!tree) OPENVDB_THROW(ValueError, "Tree pointer is null");
1273 }
1274 
1275 
1276 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
1277 template<typename TreeT>
1278 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(TreePtrType tree, const MetaMap& meta, math::Transform::Ptr xform):
1279     GridBase(meta, xform),
1280     mTree(tree)
1281 {
1282     if (!tree) OPENVDB_THROW(ValueError, "Tree pointer is null");
1283 }
1284 #endif
1285 
1286 
1287 template<typename TreeT>
1288 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(const Grid& other):
1289     GridBase(other),
1290     mTree(StaticPtrCast<TreeType>(other.mTree->copy()))
1291 {
1292 }
1293 
1294 
1295 template<typename TreeT>
1296 template<typename OtherTreeType>
1297 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other):
1298     GridBase(other),
1299     mTree(new TreeType(other.constTree()))
1300 {
1301 }
1302 
1303 
1304 template<typename TreeT>
1305 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(Grid& other, ShallowCopy):
1306     GridBase(other),
1307     mTree(other.mTree)
1308 {
1309 }
1310 
1311 
1312 template<typename TreeT>
1313 inline Grid<TreeT>::Grid(const GridBase& other):
1314     GridBase(other),
1315     mTree(new TreeType)
1316 {
1317 }
1318 
1319 
1320 //static
1321 template<typename TreeT>
1322 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1323 Grid<TreeT>::create()
1324 {
1325     return Grid::create(zeroVal<ValueType>());
1326 }
1327 
1328 
1329 //static
1330 template<typename TreeT>
1331 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1332 Grid<TreeT>::create(const ValueType& background)
1333 {
1334     return Ptr(new Grid(background));
1335 }
1336 
1337 
1338 //static
1339 template<typename TreeT>
1340 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1341 Grid<TreeT>::create(TreePtrType tree)
1342 {
1343     return Ptr(new Grid(tree));
1344 }
1345 
1346 
1347 //static
1348 template<typename TreeT>
1349 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1350 Grid<TreeT>::create(const GridBase& other)
1351 {
1352     return Ptr(new Grid(other));
1353 }
1354 
1355 
1356 ////////////////////////////////////////
1357 
1358 
1359 template<typename TreeT>
1360 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::ConstPtr
1361 Grid<TreeT>::copy() const
1362 {
1363     return ConstPtr{new Grid{*const_cast<Grid*>(this), ShallowCopy{}}};
1364 }
1365 
1366 
1367 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
1368 template<typename TreeT>
1369 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::ConstPtr
1370 Grid<TreeT>::copyReplacingMetadata(const MetaMap& meta) const
1371 {
1372     math::Transform::Ptr transformPtr = ConstPtrCast<math::Transform>(
1373         this->constTransformPtr());
1374     TreePtrType treePtr = ConstPtrCast<TreeT>(this->constTreePtr());
1375     return ConstPtr{new Grid<TreeT>{treePtr, meta, transformPtr}};
1376 }
1377 
1378 template<typename TreeT>
1379 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::ConstPtr
1380 Grid<TreeT>::copyReplacingTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform) const
1381 {
1382     return this->copyReplacingMetadataAndTransform(*this, xform);
1383 }
1384 
1385 template<typename TreeT>
1386 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::ConstPtr
1387 Grid<TreeT>::copyReplacingMetadataAndTransform(const MetaMap& meta,
1388     math::Transform::Ptr xform) const
1389 {
1390     TreePtrType treePtr = ConstPtrCast<TreeT>(this->constTreePtr());
1391     return ConstPtr{new Grid<TreeT>{treePtr, meta, xform}};
1392 }
1393 #endif
1394 
1395 
1396 template<typename TreeT>
1397 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1398 Grid<TreeT>::copy()
1399 {
1400     return Ptr{new Grid{*this, ShallowCopy{}}};
1401 }
1402 
1403 
1404 template<typename TreeT>
1405 inline typename Grid<TreeT>::Ptr
1406 Grid<TreeT>::copyWithNewTree() const
1407 {
1408     Ptr result{new Grid{*const_cast<Grid*>(this), ShallowCopy{}}};
1409     result->newTree();
1410     return result;
1411 }
1412 
1413 
1414 template<typename TreeT>
1415 inline GridBase::Ptr
1416 Grid<TreeT>::copyGrid()
1417 {
1418     return this->copy();
1419 }
1420 
1421 template<typename TreeT>
1422 inline GridBase::ConstPtr
1423 Grid<TreeT>::copyGrid() const
1424 {
1425     return this->copy();
1426 }
1427 
1428 #if OPENVDB_ABI_VERSION_NUMBER >= 7
1429 template<typename TreeT>
1430 inline GridBase::ConstPtr
1431 Grid<TreeT>::copyGridReplacingMetadata(const MetaMap& meta) const
1432 {
1433     return this->copyReplacingMetadata(meta);
1434 }
1435 
1436 template<typename TreeT>
1437 inline GridBase::ConstPtr
1438 Grid<TreeT>::copyGridReplacingTransform(math::Transform::Ptr xform) const
1439 {
1440     return this->copyReplacingTransform(xform);
1441 }
1442 
1443 template<typename TreeT>
1444 inline GridBase::ConstPtr
1445 Grid<TreeT>::copyGridReplacingMetadataAndTransform(const MetaMap& meta,
1446     math::Transform::Ptr xform) const
1447 {
1448     return this->copyReplacingMetadataAndTransform(meta, xform);
1449 }
1450 #endif
1451 
1452 template<typename TreeT>
1453 inline GridBase::Ptr
1454 Grid<TreeT>::copyGridWithNewTree() const
1455 {
1456     return this->copyWithNewTree();
1457 }
1458 
1459 
1460 ////////////////////////////////////////
1461 
1462 
1463 template<typename TreeT>
1464 inline bool
1465 Grid<TreeT>::isTreeUnique() const
1466 {
1467     return mTree.use_count() == 1;
1468 }
1469 
1470 
1471 template<typename TreeT>
1472 inline void
1473 Grid<TreeT>::setTree(TreeBase::Ptr tree)
1474 {
1475     if (!tree) OPENVDB_THROW(ValueError, "Tree pointer is null");
1476     if (tree->type() != TreeType::treeType()) {
1477         OPENVDB_THROW(TypeError, "Cannot assign a tree of type "
1478             + tree->type() + " to a grid of type " + this->type());
1479     }
1480     mTree = StaticPtrCast<TreeType>(tree);
1481 }
1482 
1483 
1484 template<typename TreeT>
1485 inline void
1486 Grid<TreeT>::newTree()
1487 {
1488     mTree.reset(new TreeType(this->background()));
1489 }
1490 
1491 
1492 ////////////////////////////////////////
1493 
1494 
1495 template<typename TreeT>
1496 inline void
1497 Grid<TreeT>::sparseFill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active)
1498 {
1499     tree().sparseFill(bbox, value, active);
1500 }
1501 
1502 
1503 template<typename TreeT>
1504 inline void
1505 Grid<TreeT>::fill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active)
1506 {
1507     this->sparseFill(bbox, value, active);
1508 }
1509 
1510 template<typename TreeT>
1511 inline void
1512 Grid<TreeT>::denseFill(const CoordBBox& bbox, const ValueType& value, bool active)
1513 {
1514     tree().denseFill(bbox, value, active);
1515 }
1516 
1517 template<typename TreeT>
1518 inline void
1519 Grid<TreeT>::pruneGrid(float tolerance)
1520 {
1521     const auto value = math::cwiseAdd(zeroVal<ValueType>(), tolerance);
1522     this->tree().prune(static_cast<ValueType>(value));
1523 }
1524 
1525 template<typename TreeT>
1526 inline void
1527 Grid<TreeT>::clip(const CoordBBox& bbox)
1528 {
1529     tree().clip(bbox);
1530 }
1531 
1532 template<typename TreeT>
1533 inline void
1534 Grid<TreeT>::merge(Grid& other, MergePolicy policy)
1535 {
1536     tree().merge(other.tree(), policy);
1537 }
1538 
1539 
1540 template<typename TreeT>
1541 template<typename OtherTreeType>
1542 inline void
1543 Grid<TreeT>::topologyUnion(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other)
1544 {
1545     tree().topologyUnion(other.tree());
1546 }
1547 
1548 
1549 template<typename TreeT>
1550 template<typename OtherTreeType>
1551 inline void
1552 Grid<TreeT>::topologyIntersection(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other)
1553 {
1554     tree().topologyIntersection(other.tree());
1555 }
1556 
1557 
1558 template<typename TreeT>
1559 template<typename OtherTreeType>
1560 inline void
1561 Grid<TreeT>::topologyDifference(const Grid<OtherTreeType>& other)
1562 {
1563     tree().topologyDifference(other.tree());
1564 }
1565 
1566 
1567 ////////////////////////////////////////
1568 
1569 
1570 template<typename TreeT>
1571 inline void
1572 Grid<TreeT>::evalMinMax(ValueType& minVal, ValueType& maxVal) const
1573 {
1574     tree().evalMinMax(minVal, maxVal);
1575 }
1576 
1577 
1578 template<typename TreeT>
1579 inline CoordBBox
1580 Grid<TreeT>::evalActiveVoxelBoundingBox() const
1581 {
1582     CoordBBox bbox;
1583     tree().evalActiveVoxelBoundingBox(bbox);
1584     return bbox;
1585 }
1586 
1587 
1588 template<typename TreeT>
1589 inline Coord
1590 Grid<TreeT>::evalActiveVoxelDim() const
1591 {
1592     Coord dim;
1593     const bool nonempty = tree().evalActiveVoxelDim(dim);
1594     return (nonempty ? dim : Coord());
1595 }
1596 
1597 
1598 ////////////////////////////////////////
1599 
1600 
1601 /// @internal Consider using the stream tagging mechanism (see io::Archive)
1602 /// to specify the float precision, but note that the setting is per-grid.
1603 
1604 template<typename TreeT>
1605 inline void
1606 Grid<TreeT>::readTopology(std::istream& is)
1607 {
1608     tree().readTopology(is, saveFloatAsHalf());
1609 }
1610 
1611 
1612 template<typename TreeT>
1613 inline void
1614 Grid<TreeT>::writeTopology(std::ostream& os) const
1615 {
1616     tree().writeTopology(os, saveFloatAsHalf());
1617 }
1618 
1619 
1620 template<typename TreeT>
1621 inline void
1622 Grid<TreeT>::readBuffers(std::istream& is)
1623 {
1624     if (!hasMultiPassIO() || (io::getFormatVersion(is) < OPENVDB_FILE_VERSION_MULTIPASS_IO)) {
1625         tree().readBuffers(is, saveFloatAsHalf());
1626     } else {
1627         uint16_t numPasses = 1;
1628         is.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&numPasses), sizeof(uint16_t));
1629         const io::StreamMetadata::Ptr meta = io::getStreamMetadataPtr(is);
1630         assert(bool(meta));
1631         for (uint16_t passIndex = 0; passIndex < numPasses; ++passIndex) {
1632             uint32_t pass = (uint32_t(numPasses) << 16) | uint32_t(passIndex);
1633             meta->setPass(pass);
1634             tree().readBuffers(is, saveFloatAsHalf());
1635         }
1636     }
1637 }
1638 
1639 
1640 /// @todo Refactor this and the readBuffers() above
1641 /// once support for ABI 2 compatibility is dropped.
1642 template<typename TreeT>
1643 inline void
1644 Grid<TreeT>::readBuffers(std::istream& is, const CoordBBox& bbox)
1645 {
1646     if (!hasMultiPassIO() || (io::getFormatVersion(is) < OPENVDB_FILE_VERSION_MULTIPASS_IO)) {
1647         tree().readBuffers(is, bbox, saveFloatAsHalf());
1648     } else {
1649         uint16_t numPasses = 1;
1650         is.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&numPasses), sizeof(uint16_t));
1651         const io::StreamMetadata::Ptr meta = io::getStreamMetadataPtr(is);
1652         assert(bool(meta));
1653         for (uint16_t passIndex = 0; passIndex < numPasses; ++passIndex) {
1654             uint32_t pass = (uint32_t(numPasses) << 16) | uint32_t(passIndex);
1655             meta->setPass(pass);
1656             tree().readBuffers(is, saveFloatAsHalf());
1657         }
1658         // Cannot clip inside readBuffers() when using multiple passes,
1659         // so instead clip afterwards.
1660         tree().clip(bbox);
1661     }
1662 }
1663 
1664 
1665 template<typename TreeT>
1666 inline void
1667 Grid<TreeT>::readNonresidentBuffers() const
1668 {
1669     tree().readNonresidentBuffers();
1670 }
1671 
1672 
1673 template<typename TreeT>
1674 inline void
1675 Grid<TreeT>::writeBuffers(std::ostream& os) const
1676 {
1677     if (!hasMultiPassIO()) {
1678         tree().writeBuffers(os, saveFloatAsHalf());
1679     } else {
1680         // Determine how many leaf buffer passes are required for this grid
1681         const io::StreamMetadata::Ptr meta = io::getStreamMetadataPtr(os);
1682         assert(bool(meta));
1683         uint16_t numPasses = 1;
1684         meta->setCountingPasses(true);
1685         meta->setPass(0);
1686         tree().writeBuffers(os, saveFloatAsHalf());
1687         numPasses = static_cast<uint16_t>(meta->pass());
1688         os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&numPasses), sizeof(uint16_t));
1689         meta->setCountingPasses(false);
1690 
1691         // Save out the data blocks of the grid.
1692         for (uint16_t passIndex = 0; passIndex < numPasses; ++passIndex) {
1693             uint32_t pass = (uint32_t(numPasses) << 16) | uint32_t(passIndex);
1694             meta->setPass(pass);
1695             tree().writeBuffers(os, saveFloatAsHalf());
1696         }
1697     }
1698 }
1699 
1700 
1701 //static
1702 template<typename TreeT>
1703 inline bool
1704 Grid<TreeT>::hasMultiPassIO()
1705 {
1706     return HasMultiPassIO<Grid>::value;
1707 }
1708 
1709 
1710 template<typename TreeT>
1711 inline void
1712 Grid<TreeT>::print(std::ostream& os, int verboseLevel) const
1713 {
1714     tree().print(os, verboseLevel);
1715 
1716     if (metaCount() > 0) {
1717         os << "Additional metadata:" << std::endl;
1718         for (ConstMetaIterator it = beginMeta(), end = endMeta(); it != end; ++it) {
1719             os << "  " << it->first;
1720             if (it->second) {
1721                 const std::string value = it->second->str();
1722                 if (!value.empty()) os << ": " << value;
1723             }
1724             os << "\n";
1725         }
1726     }
1727 
1728     os << "Transform:" << std::endl;
1729     transform().print(os, /*indent=*/"  ");
1730     os << std::endl;
1731 }
1732 
1733 
1734 ////////////////////////////////////////
1735 
1736 
1737 template<typename GridType>
1738 inline typename GridType::Ptr
1739 createGrid(const typename GridType::ValueType& background)
1740 {
1741     return GridType::create(background);
1742 }
1743 
1744 
1745 template<typename GridType>
1746 inline typename GridType::Ptr
1747 createGrid()
1748 {
1749     return GridType::create();
1750 }
1751 
1752 
1753 template<typename TreePtrType>
1754 inline typename Grid<typename TreePtrType::element_type>::Ptr
1755 createGrid(TreePtrType tree)
1756 {
1757     using TreeType = typename TreePtrType::element_type;
1758     return Grid<TreeType>::create(tree);
1759 }
1760 
1761 
1762 template<typename GridType>
1763 typename GridType::Ptr
1764 createLevelSet(Real voxelSize, Real halfWidth)
1765 {
1766     using ValueType = typename GridType::ValueType;
1767 
1768     // GridType::ValueType is required to be a floating-point scalar.
1769     static_assert(std::is_floating_point<ValueType>::value,
1770         "level-set grids must be floating-point-valued");
1771 
1772     typename GridType::Ptr grid = GridType::create(
1773         /*background=*/static_cast<ValueType>(voxelSize * halfWidth));
1774     grid->setTransform(math::Transform::createLinearTransform(voxelSize));
1775     grid->setGridClass(GRID_LEVEL_SET);
1776     return grid;
1777 }
1778 
1779 
1780 ////////////////////////////////////////
1781 
1782 /// @cond OPENVDB_DOCS_INTERNAL
1783 
1784 namespace internal {
1785 
1786 /// @private
1787 template<typename OpT, typename GridBaseT, typename T, typename ...Ts>
1788 struct GridApplyImpl { static bool apply(GridBaseT&, OpT&) { return false; } };
1789 
1790 // Partial specialization for (nonempty) TypeLists
1791 /// @private
1792 template<typename OpT, typename GridBaseT, typename GridT, typename ...GridTs>
1793 struct GridApplyImpl<OpT, GridBaseT, TypeList<GridT, GridTs...>>
1794 {
1795     static bool apply(GridBaseT& grid, OpT& op)
1796     {
1797         if (grid.template isType<GridT>()) {
1798             op(static_cast<typename CopyConstness<GridBaseT, GridT>::Type&>(grid));
1799             return true;
1800         }
1801         return GridApplyImpl<OpT, GridBaseT, TypeList<GridTs...>>::apply(grid, op);
1802     }
1803 };
1804 
1805 } // namespace internal
1806 
1807 /// @endcond
1808 
1809 template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT>
1810 inline bool
1811 GridBase::apply(OpT& op) const
1812 {
1813     return internal::GridApplyImpl<OpT, const GridBase, GridTypeListT>::apply(*this, op);
1814 }
1815 
1816 template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT>
1817 inline bool
1818 GridBase::apply(OpT& op)
1819 {
1820     return internal::GridApplyImpl<OpT, GridBase, GridTypeListT>::apply(*this, op);
1821 }
1822 
1823 template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT>
1824 inline bool
1825 GridBase::apply(const OpT& op) const
1826 {
1827     return internal::GridApplyImpl<const OpT, const GridBase, GridTypeListT>::apply(*this, op);
1828 }
1829 
1830 template<typename GridTypeListT, typename OpT>
1831 inline bool
1832 GridBase::apply(const OpT& op)
1833 {
1834     return internal::GridApplyImpl<const OpT, GridBase, GridTypeListT>::apply(*this, op);
1835 }
1836 
1837 } // namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
1838 } // namespace openvdb
1839 
1840 #endif // OPENVDB_GRID_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
1841