1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #ifdef MAKEFS
30 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */
31 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h>
32 #else
33 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
34 #include <sys/disk.h>
35 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
36 #include <sys/mount.h>
37 #endif
38 #include <sys/stat.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41
42 #include <assert.h>
43 #include <ctype.h>
44 #include <err.h>
45 #include <errno.h>
46 #include <fcntl.h>
47 #include <inttypes.h>
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <signal.h>
50 #include <stdio.h>
51 #include <stdlib.h>
52 #include <string.h>
53 #include <time.h>
54 #include <unistd.h>
55
56 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
57
58 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
59 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
60 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
61
62 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
63 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
64 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */
65 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
66 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
67 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
68 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
69 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
70 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
71 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
74 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
75 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
77
78 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
79 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
80 MINCLS32)
81
82 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
83 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
84 MAXCLS32)
85
86 #define mk1(p, x) \
87 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
88
89 #define mk2(p, x) \
90 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
91 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
92
93 #define mk4(p, x) \
94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
96 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
97 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
98
99 struct bs {
100 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
101 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
102 } __packed;
103
104 struct bsbpb {
105 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
106 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
107 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
108 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
109 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
110 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
111 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
112 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
113 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
114 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
115 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
116 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
117 } __packed;
118
119 struct bsxbpb {
120 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
121 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
122 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
123 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
124 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
125 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
126 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
127 } __packed;
128
129 struct bsx {
130 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
131 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
132 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
133 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
134 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
135 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
136 } __packed;
137
138 struct de {
139 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
140 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
141 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
142 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
143 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
144 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
145 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
146 } __packed;
147
148 struct bpb {
149 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
150 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
151 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
152 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
153 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
154 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
155 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
156 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
157 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
158 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
159 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
160 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
161 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
162 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
163 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
164 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
165 };
166
167 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
168
169 static struct {
170 const char *name;
171 struct bpb bpb;
172 } const stdfmt[] = {
173 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
174 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
175 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
177 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
179 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
180 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
181 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
182 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
183 };
184
185 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
186 0xfa, /* cli */
187 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
188 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
189 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
190 0xfb, /* sti */
191 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
192 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
193 0x5e, /* pop si */
194 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
195 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
196 0xfc, /* cld */
197 0xac, /* lodsb */
198 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
199 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
200 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
201 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
202 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
203 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
204 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
205 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
206 0x0d, 0x0a,
207 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
208 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
209 0x0d, 0x0a,
210 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
211 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
212 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
213 0x0d, 0x0a,
214 0
215 };
216
217 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
218 static void infohandler(int);
219
220 #ifndef MAKEFS
221 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
222 #endif
223 static ssize_t getchunksize(void);
224 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
225 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
226 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
227 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
228 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
229 static int oklabel(const char *);
230 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
231
232 int
mkfs_msdos(const char * fname,const char * dtype,const struct msdos_options * op)233 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
234 {
235 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
236 struct sigaction si_sa;
237 struct stat sb;
238 struct timeval tv;
239 struct bpb bpb;
240 struct tm *tm;
241 struct bs *bs;
242 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
244 struct bsx *bsx;
245 struct de *de;
246 u_int8_t *img;
247 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end;
248 const char *bname;
249 ssize_t n;
250 time_t now;
251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
252 u_int extra_res, alignment, alignto, saved_x, attempts=0;
253 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
254 int fd, fd1, rv;
255 struct msdos_options o = *op;
256 ssize_t chunksize;
257
258 physbuf = NULL;
259 rv = -1;
260 fd = fd1 = -1;
261
262 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
263 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
264 goto done;
265 }
266 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
267 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
268 goto done;
269 }
270 if (o.create_size) {
271 if (o.no_create) {
272 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
273 goto done;
274 }
275 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
276 if (fd == -1) {
277 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
278 goto done;
279 }
280 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
281 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
282 goto done;
283 }
284 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
285 warn("%s", fname);
286 goto done;
287 }
288 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
289 warn("%s", fname);
290 goto done;
291 }
292 if (o.create_size) {
293 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
294 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
295 } else {
296 #ifdef MAKEFS
297 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!");
298 #else
299 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
300 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
301 #endif
302 }
303 #ifndef MAKEFS
304 if (!o.no_create)
305 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
306 goto done;
307 #endif
308 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
309 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
310 goto done;
311 }
312 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
313 if (o.floppy) {
314 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
315 goto done;
316 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
317 bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
318 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
319 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
320 }
321 if (o.drive_heads)
322 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
323 if (o.sectors_per_track)
324 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
325 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
326 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
327 if (o.size)
328 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
329 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
330 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
331 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
332 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
333 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1)
334 goto done;
335 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
336 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
337 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
341 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
343 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
344 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
345 else
346 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
347 }
348 }
349 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS ||
350 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS ||
351 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
352 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096",
353 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
354 goto done;
355 }
356
357 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
358 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
359 goto done;
360 }
361 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
362 if (o.floppy)
363 fat = 12;
364 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
365 fat = 32;
366 }
367 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
368 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
369 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
370 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
371 goto done;
372 }
373 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
374 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
375 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
376 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
377 goto done;
378 }
379
380 if (o.block_size) {
381 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
382 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
383 goto done;
384 }
385 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
386 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
387 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
388 goto done;
389 }
390 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
391 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
392 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
393 goto done;
394 }
395 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
396 }
397 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
398 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
399 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
400 o.sectors_per_cluster);
401 goto done;
402 }
403 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
404 }
405 if (o.reserved_sectors)
406 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
407 if (o.num_FAT) {
408 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
409 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
410 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
411 goto done;
412 }
413 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
414 }
415 if (o.directory_entries) {
416 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = roundup(o.directory_entries,
417 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
418 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec == 0 || o.directory_entries >= MAXU16)
419 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = MAXU16;
420 }
421 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
422 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
423 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
424 goto done;
425 }
426 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
427 }
428 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
429 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
430 if (o.info_sector)
431 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
432 if (o.backup_sector)
433 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
434 bss = 1;
435 bname = NULL;
436 fd1 = -1;
437 if (o.bootstrap) {
438 bname = o.bootstrap;
439 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
440 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
441 bname = buf;
442 }
443 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
444 warn("%s", bname);
445 goto done;
446 }
447 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
448 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
449 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
450 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
451 goto done;
452 }
453 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
454 }
455 if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
456 bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
457 if (!fat) {
458 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
459 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
460 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
461 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
462 bpb.bpbFATs +
463 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
464 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
465 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
466 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
467 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
468 fat = 12;
469 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
470 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
471 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
472 bpb.bpbFATs +
473 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
474 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
475 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
476 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
477 fat = 16;
478 else
479 fat = 32;
480 }
481 x = bss;
482 if (fat == 32) {
483 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
484 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
485 warnx("no room for info sector");
486 goto done;
487 }
488 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
489 }
490 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
491 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
492 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
493 if (x == MAXU16) {
494 warnx("no room for backup sector");
495 goto done;
496 }
497 bpb.bpbBackup = x;
498 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
499 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
500 goto done;
501 }
502 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
503 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
504 }
505
506 extra_res = 0;
507 alignment = 0;
508 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
509 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
510 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
511 saved_x = x;
512
513 /*
514 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
515 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
516 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
517 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
518 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
519 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
520 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
521 */
522 do {
523 x = saved_x;
524 if (set_res)
525 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
526 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
527 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
528 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
529 bpb.bpbResSectors);
530 goto done;
531 }
532 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
533 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
534 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
535 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
536 if (set_spc) {
537 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
538 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
539 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
540 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
541 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
542 rds +
543 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
544 bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
545 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
546 continue;
547
548 }
549 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
550 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
551 goto done;
552 }
553 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
554 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
555 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
556 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
557 goto done;
558 }
559 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
560 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
561 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
562 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
563 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
564 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
565 if (set_spf) {
566 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
567 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
568 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
569 }
570 if (set_res) {
571 alignto = bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
572 if (alignto > 1) {
573 /* align data clusters */
574 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs + rds) %
575 alignto;
576 if (alignment != 0)
577 extra_res += alignto - alignment;
578 }
579 }
580 attempts++;
581 } while (alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
582 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
583 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
584
585 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
586 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
587 RESFTE;
588 if (cls > x)
589 cls = x;
590 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
591 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
592 cls);
593 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
594 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
595 mincls(fat));
596 goto done;
597 }
598 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
599 cls = maxcls(fat);
600 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
601 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
602 bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
603 }
604 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
605 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
606 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
607 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
608 if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
609 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
610 if (fat == 32)
611 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
612 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
613 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
614 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
615 }
616 if (fat != 32) {
617 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
618 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
619 }
620 print_bpb(&bpb);
621 if (!o.no_create) {
622 if (o.timestamp_set) {
623 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
624 tv.tv_usec = 0;
625 tm = gmtime(&now);
626 } else {
627 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
628 now = tv.tv_sec;
629 tm = localtime(&now);
630 }
631
632 chunksize = getchunksize();
633 physbuf = malloc(chunksize);
634 if (physbuf == NULL) {
635 warn(NULL);
636 goto done;
637 }
638 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize;
639 img = physbuf;
640
641 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
642 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
643 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
644 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
645 #ifdef SIGINFO
646 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
647 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
648 goto done;
649 }
650 #endif
651 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
652 if (got_siginfo) {
653 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
654 fname, lsn,
655 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
656 (lsn * 100) / (dir +
657 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
658 got_siginfo = 0;
659 }
660 x = lsn;
661 if (o.bootstrap &&
662 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
663 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
664 x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
665 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
666 warn("%s", bname);
667 goto done;
668 }
669 }
670 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
671 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
672 warn("%s", bname);
673 goto done;
674 }
675 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
676 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
677 goto done;
678 }
679 } else
680 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
681 if (!lsn ||
682 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
683 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
684 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
685 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
687 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
688 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
689 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
690 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
691 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
692 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
693 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
694 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
695 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
696 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
697 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
698 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
699 if (fat == 32) {
700 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
701 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
702 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
703 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
704 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
705 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
706 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
707 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
708 }
709 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
710 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
711 if (o.volume_id_set)
712 x = o.volume_id;
713 else
714 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
715 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
716 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
717 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
718 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
719 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
720 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
721 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
722 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
723 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
724 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
725 if (!o.bootstrap) {
726 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
727 bs = (struct bs *)img;
728 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
729 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
730 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
731 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
732 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
733 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
734 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
735 }
736 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
737 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
738 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
739 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
740 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
741 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
742 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
743 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
744 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
745 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
746 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
747 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
748 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
749 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
750 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
751 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
752 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
753 de = (struct de *)img;
754 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
755 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
756 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
757 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
758 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
759 mk2(de->deMTime, x);
760 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
761 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
762 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
763 mk2(de->deMDate, x);
764 }
765 /*
766 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected
767 * enough sectors.
768 */
769 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
770 if (img >= physbuf_end) {
771 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize);
772 if (n != chunksize) {
773 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
774 goto done;
775 }
776 img = physbuf;
777 }
778 }
779 /*
780 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end
781 * up filling a whole chunk.
782 */
783 if (img != physbuf) {
784 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf;
785
786 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize);
787 if (n != tailsize) {
788 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
789 goto done;
790 }
791 }
792 }
793 rv = 0;
794 done:
795 free(physbuf);
796 if (fd != -1)
797 close(fd);
798 if (fd1 != -1)
799 close(fd1);
800
801 return rv;
802 }
803
804 /*
805 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
806 */
807 #ifndef MAKEFS
808 static int
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)809 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
810 {
811 /*
812 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should
813 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images.
814 */
815 struct statfs *mp;
816 const char *s1, *s2;
817 size_t len;
818 int n, r;
819
820 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
821 warn("getmntinfo");
822 return -1;
823 }
824 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
825 s1 = fname;
826 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
827 s1 += len;
828 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
829 for (; n--; mp++) {
830 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
831 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
832 s2 += len;
833 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
834 !strcmp(s1, s2)) {
835 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
836 return -1;
837 }
838 }
839 return 0;
840 }
841 #endif
842
843 /*
844 * Get optimal I/O size
845 */
846 static ssize_t
getchunksize(void)847 getchunksize(void)
848 {
849 static ssize_t chunksize;
850
851 if (chunksize != 0)
852 return (chunksize);
853
854 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS
855 int mib[2];
856 size_t len;
857
858 mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
859 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS;
860 len = sizeof(chunksize);
861
862 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
863 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS);
864 chunksize = 0;
865 }
866 #endif
867 if (chunksize == 0)
868 chunksize = MAXPHYS;
869
870 /*
871 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of
872 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096
873 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of
874 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the
875 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS.
876 */
877 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2");
878 assert(powerof2(chunksize));
879 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS);
880
881 return (chunksize);
882 }
883
884 /*
885 * Get a standard format.
886 */
887 static int
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)888 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
889 {
890 u_int x, i;
891
892 x = nitems(stdfmt);
893 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
894 if (i == x) {
895 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
896 return -1;
897 }
898 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
899 return 0;
900 }
901
902 static void
compute_geometry_from_file(int fd,const char * fname,struct disklabel * lp)903 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp)
904 {
905 struct stat st;
906 off_t ms;
907
908 if (fstat(fd, &st))
909 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
910 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
911 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname);
912 ms = st.st_size;
913 lp->d_secsize = 512;
914 lp->d_nsectors = 63;
915 lp->d_ntracks = 255;
916 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize;
917 }
918
919 /*
920 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
921 */
922 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)923 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
924 struct bpb *bpb)
925 {
926 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
927 off_t hs = 0;
928 #ifndef MAKEFS
929 off_t ms;
930 struct fd_type type;
931
932 lp = NULL;
933
934 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
935 if (dtype != NULL) {
936 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
937 }
938
939 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
940 if (lp == NULL) {
941 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
942 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
943 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
944 lp = &dlp;
945 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
946 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
947 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
948 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
949 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
950 lp = &dlp;
951 }
952 }
953
954 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
955 if (lp == NULL) {
956 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
957 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
958 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
959 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
960 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
961
962 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
963
964 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
965 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
966 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
967 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
968 }
969 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
970 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
971 warn("cannot get number of heads");
972 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
973 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
974 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
975 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
976 else
977 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
978 }
979
980 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
981 lp = &dlp;
982 }
983 #else
984 (void)dtype;
985 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */
986 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
987 lp = &dlp;
988 #endif
989
990 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
991 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
992 return -1;
993 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
994 }
995 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
996 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
997 return -1;
998 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
999 }
1000 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
1001 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
1002 return -1;
1003 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
1004 }
1005 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
1006 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
1007 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
1008 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
1009 return 0;
1010 }
1011
1012 /*
1013 * Print out BPB values.
1014 */
1015 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)1016 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
1017 {
1018 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
1019 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
1020 bpb->bpbFATs);
1021 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
1022 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
1023 if (bpb->bpbSectors)
1024 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
1025 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
1026 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
1027 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
1028 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
1029 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
1030 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
1031 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
1032 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
1033 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
1034 bpb->bpbRootClust);
1035 printf(" FSInfo=");
1036 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
1037 printf(" Backup=");
1038 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
1039 }
1040 printf("\n");
1041 }
1042
1043 /*
1044 * Check a disk geometry value.
1045 */
1046 static int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)1047 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
1048 {
1049 if (!val) {
1050 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1051 return -1;
1052 }
1053 if (val > MAXU16) {
1054 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1055 return -1;
1056 }
1057 return 0;
1058 }
1059
1060 /*
1061 * Check a volume label.
1062 */
1063 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1064 oklabel(const char *src)
1065 {
1066 int c, i;
1067
1068 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1069 c = (u_char)*src++;
1070 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1071 break;
1072 }
1073 return i && !c;
1074 }
1075
1076 /*
1077 * Make a volume label.
1078 */
1079 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1080 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1081 {
1082 int c, i;
1083
1084 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1085 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1086 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1087 }
1088 }
1089
1090 /*
1091 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1092 */
1093 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1094 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1095 {
1096 while (len--)
1097 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1098 }
1099
1100 static void
infohandler(int sig __unused)1101 infohandler(int sig __unused)
1102 {
1103
1104 got_siginfo = 1;
1105 }
1106