xref: /dports/cad/gplcver/gplcver-2.12a.src/src/v_fx2.c

/* Copyright (c) 1991-2007 Pragmatic C Software Corp. */

/*
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
   Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
   option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
   59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA, 02111-1307.

   We are selling our new Verilog compiler that compiles to X86 Linux
   assembly language.  It is at least two times faster for accurate gate
   level designs and much faster for procedural designs.  The new
   commercial compiled Verilog product is called CVC.  For more information
   on CVC visit our website at www.pragmatic-c.com/cvc.htm or contact
   Andrew at avanvick@pragmatic-c.com

 */


/*
 * module that fixes and checks net list after all source read
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __DBMALLOC__
#include "../malloc.h"
#endif

#include "v.h"
#include "cvmacros.h"

/* local prototypes */
static void bld_root_dfpglbs(void);
static int32 dfploc_cmp(const void *, const void *);
static void dmp_dfps(int32, int32);
static void bld_root2_dfpglbs(struct itree_t *, int32);
static void bld_identdfparams(int32);
static int32 ipth_cmp(const void *, const void *);
static int32 ipth2_cmp(register struct dfparam_t *, register struct dfparam_t *);
static void find_mustsplit_dfps(void);
static void do_defparam_splitting(void);
static void reset_dfp_targsyps(void);
static void reset_1dfp_targsyp(struct dfparam_t *);
static void reassign2_itnums(struct itree_t *);
static void set2_poundparams(struct itree_t *);
static void assgn_is_param(struct net_t *, struct xstk_t *, int32, int32, int32);
static void replace_param_rhs_expr(struct net_t *, word32 *, struct mod_t *);
static void set_1defparam(struct dfparam_t *);
static void recalc_1mod_params(struct mod_t *, struct net_t *, int32);
static void recalc_1mod_pndparams(struct mod_t *);
static int32 xpr_has_is_param(struct expr_t *);
static void set_parmval_from_isxpr(struct net_t *, struct expr_t *,
 struct mod_t *);
static int32 all_parent_mods_recalced(struct mod_t *);

static void set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(struct expr_t *, int32, int32, int32);
static int32 comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(struct net_t *, struct expr_t *, int32,
 int32);
static int32 is_nonis_const_expr(struct expr_t *);
static void set_scalar_drvr_type(struct net_t *, int32);
static void set_vec_drvr_type(struct net_t *, int32, int32, int32);
static int32 port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(struct expr_t *, int32, int32, int32, int32,
 int32);
static int32 find_max_rng_drvr_state(struct net_t *, int32, int32);
static int32 expr_decl_lvalue(struct expr_t *);
static void chg_mpx_to_bid(struct expr_t *);
static void free_design_ndrvrs(void);

static void bld_timstr_vals(void);
static void inrnges_mark_params(struct symtab_t *);
static void psel_set_allexprs(struct mod_t *);
static void stmt_do_inpsel_set(struct st_t *);
static void lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(register struct st_t *);
static void csitemlst_do_inpsel_set(register struct csitem_t *);
static void inpsel_xpr_markparam(struct expr_t *);
static void chk_undef_syms(struct symtab_t *, word32);
static void chkset_1mwire_rnges(void);
static void chk_modsym(struct sy_t *);
static void chk_1wire(struct net_t *);
static void chk_1reg(struct net_t *);
static void mark_sttypewires(void);
static void mark_stdr_wires(void);
static void mark_stdr_inout_wired_logic(void);
static int32 has_non_stren_wired_net(struct expr_t *);
static int32 net_type_tri(word32);
static int32 chk_hasst_wires(struct mod_t *, struct expr_t *);
static void mark_stwires(struct mod_t *, struct expr_t *);
static void prop_stsdown(void);
static void prop_stsup(void);
static int32 chkdel_expr(struct expr_t *, char *, int32);
static int32 nd_delnum(struct expr_t *, char *);
static int32 nd_delisnum(struct expr_t *, char *);
static void freeset_is0del(struct expr_t *, int32);
static void wr_ndisdel_err(struct expr_t *, int32, char *);
static void chk_wire_rng(struct net_t *);
static void chg_rng_isnum_to_num(struct net_t *, struct expr_t *, char *);
static void chk_taskvars(struct task_t *, int32);
static int32 chk_prtwidth(struct expr_t *, struct mod_pin_t *);
static void emit_shorted_informs(int32);
static void emit_1net_shorted_informs(struct mod_pin_t *, int32,
 struct net_t *, int32);
static int32 net_in_expr(struct net_t *, struct expr_t *);
static int32 xhas_multconn_wire(struct expr_t *);
static void emit_nonbid_shortwarn(struct mod_pin_t *, struct expr_t *);
static void reconn_1mod_gateterms(struct mod_t *);
static struct expr_t *bld_bsel_expr(struct net_t *, int32);
static void conn_1gateterm_concat(struct mod_t *, struct giarr_t *,
 struct expr_t *, int32);
static int32 legal_giarr_conn_concat(struct expr_t *);
static void reconn_1mod_instports(struct mod_t *);
static struct expr_t *bld_psel_expr(struct net_t *, int32, int32);
static void conn_1instport_concat(struct mod_t *, struct giarr_t *,
 struct expr_t *, int32, int32);
static struct exprlst_t *splt_icat_align_xlist(struct expr_t *, int32);
static struct expr_t *bld_num_expr(struct xstk_t *);
static void set_1mpx_stren(struct expr_t *);
static void chk_1tsk(struct task_t *);
static void chk_inst_conns(void);
static void chk_iconn_downxmr(struct inst_t *, struct expr_t *);
static void chk_iconn_mixeddirrng(struct inst_t *, struct mod_pin_t *,
 struct expr_t *);
static void chk_gates(void);
static int32 chk_1bltingate(struct gate_t *);
static void gate_errifn(struct gate_t *, int32);
static void chk_gate_nostren(struct gate_t *);
static void chk_tran_gate(struct gate_t *);
static int32 chk_tran_terms_same(struct gate_t *);
static void set_unc_gateterm(struct gate_t *, int32);
static void chk_1bit_tran(struct gate_t *, struct expr_t *, struct net_t *,
 int32);
static void chk_tranif_gate(struct gate_t *);
static void chk_pull_gate(struct gate_t *);
static int32 chk_1udp(struct gate_t *);
static int32 chk_gate_source(struct gate_t *, struct expr_t *, int32, int32,
 struct net_t **);
static void chk_contas(void);
static void cnv_1bcas_into_garr(int32, struct conta_t *);
static struct gate_t *convert_1bca_togate(struct gate_t *,
 struct conta_t *);
static void nd_1bit_concat(struct expr_t *);
static void chk_getpat_nonscal(struct expr_t *);
static void chk_funcdef(struct task_t *);
static void chk_fdef_args(struct task_t *);
static void chk_nodel_stmt(struct st_t *);
static void chk_nodel_dsable(struct st_t *);
static int32 lhsexpr_hassym(struct expr_t *, struct sy_t *);
static void chk_varinits(void);
static void chk_stmts(void);
static void chk_1stmt(struct st_t *);
static void chk_case(struct st_t *);
static void chk_dctrl(struct delctrl_t *);
static void bld_stlst_evxlst(struct st_t *);
static void bld_stmt_evxlst(struct st_t *);
static void bld_case_evxlst(struct st_t *);
static void bld_tskenable_evxlst(struct st_t *);
static void bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(struct expr_t *);
static void bld_lhs_impl_evxlst(struct expr_t *);
static int32 xp_in_evxlst(struct expr_t *);
static struct expr_t *bld_evlst_comma_expr(void);
static void chk_qclvalue(struct expr_t *, word32, int32 *);
static void set_qc_frcassgn_net(struct expr_t *);
static int32 nd_qcreg(struct expr_t *);
static void chk_circular_qc_stmt(struct st_t *);
static int32 rhs_expr_has_net(struct expr_t *, struct net_t *);
static void chk_disable(struct st_t *);
static void reassign_itnums(void);

/* extern prototypes (maybe defined in this module) */
extern char *__my_malloc(int32);
extern char *__my_realloc(char *, int32 , int32);
extern char *__to_wtnam(char *, struct net_t *);
extern char *__to_ptnam(char *, word32);
extern char *__to_sytyp(char *, word32);
extern char *__to_sttyp(char *, word32);
extern char *__to_qctyp(char *, word32);
extern char *__to_idnam(struct expr_t *);
extern char *__to_mpnam(char *, char *);
extern char *__msgexpr_tostr(char *, struct expr_t *);
extern char *__msgnumexpr_tostr(char *, struct expr_t *, int32);
extern struct expr_t *__copy_expr(struct expr_t *);
extern struct xstk_t *__eval2_xpr(struct expr_t *);
extern char *__pregab_tostr(char *, word32 *, word32 *, struct net_t *);
extern char *__msg2_blditree(char *, struct itree_t *);
extern char *__bld_lineloc(char *, word32, int32);
extern struct sy_t *__get_sym(char *, struct symtab_t *);
extern struct expr_t *__alloc_newxnd(void);
extern struct expr_t *__bld_rng_numxpr(word32, word32, int32);
extern struct paramlst_t *__copy_dellst(struct paramlst_t *);
extern void __set_poundparams(void);
extern void __set_1inst_pound_params(struct itree_t *, int32);
extern void __free_1dfparam(struct dfparam_t *);
extern struct itree_t *__find_dfpbot_itp(struct dfparam_t *);
extern int32 __ip_indsrch(char *);
extern void __my_free(char *, int32);
extern void __mark_widdet_params(struct mod_t *);
extern void __do_mdsplit(struct mod_t *);
extern void __dmp_itree(struct itree_t *);
extern void __sizchgxs(struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern void __narrow_sizchg(register struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern void __sizchg_widen(register struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern void __sgn_xtnd_widen(struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern void __grow_xstk(void);
extern void __chg_xstk_width(struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern int32 __wide_vval_is0(register word32 *, int32);
extern void __in_xpr_markparam(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __chk_delparams(struct paramlst_t *, char *, int32);
extern void __free_dellst(struct paramlst_t *);
extern void __bld_mlevel_lists(void);
extern int32 __get_netwide(struct net_t *);
extern int32 __chk_rhsexpr(struct expr_t *, int32);
extern int32 __chk_numdelay(struct expr_t *, char *);
extern void __free_xtree(struct expr_t *);
extern void __free2_xtree(struct expr_t *);
extern void __init_xnd(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __get_arrwide(struct net_t *);
extern int32 __nd_ndxnum(struct expr_t *, char *, int32);
extern int32 __chk_lhsexpr(struct expr_t *, int32);
extern void __set_expr_onrhs(struct expr_t *);
extern void __chk_lstofsts(struct st_t *);
extern struct expr_t *__widen_unsiz_rhs_assign(struct expr_t *, int);
extern struct expr_t *__get_lvalue_idndp(struct expr_t *);
extern void __chk_nodel_lstofsts(struct st_t *);
extern int32 __isleaf(struct expr_t *);
extern void __getwir_range(struct net_t *, int32 *, int32 *);
extern int32 __unnormalize_ndx(struct net_t *, int32);
extern int32 __chk_lhsdecl_scalared(struct expr_t *);
extern void __push_nbstk(struct st_t *);
extern void __pop_nbstk(void);
extern int32 __is_upward_dsable_syp(struct sy_t *, struct symtab_t *, int32 *);
extern void __chk_tskenable(struct st_t *);
extern void __set_lhswidth(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __get_rhswidth(struct expr_t *);
extern void __chk_evxpr(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __xhas_reg(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __get_giarr_wide(struct giarr_t *giap);
extern void __rhspsel(register word32 *, register word32 *, register int32,
 register int32);
extern int32 __chkndx_expr(struct expr_t *, char *);
extern int32 __expr_has_glb(struct expr_t *);
extern void __bld_unc_expr(void);
extern struct exprlst_t *__alloc_xprlst(void);
extern void __chk_1mdecls(void);
extern void __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(struct xstk_t *, int32);
extern void __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(struct xstk_t *);
extern void __cnvt_param_stkval(struct xstk_t *, struct expr_t *,
 struct net_t *, char *);
extern void __set_drvr_bits(void);
extern void __chk_chg_port_dir(int32);
extern void __assgn_nonis_param(struct net_t *, struct expr_t *,
 struct xstk_t *);
extern void __chg_param_tois(struct net_t *, struct mod_t *);
extern int32 __alloc_is_cval(int32);
extern int32 __allocfill_cval_new(word32 *, word32 *, int32);
extern int32 __alloc_shareable_cval(word32, word32, int32);
extern int32 __alloc_shareable_rlcval(double);
extern void __push_wrkitstk(struct mod_t *, int32);
extern void __pop_wrkitstk(void);
extern int32 __is_const_expr(struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __xpr_has_param(struct expr_t *);
extern void __bld_flat_itree(void);
extern void __free_flat_itree(void);
extern int32 __cmp_xpr(struct expr_t *, struct expr_t *);
extern int32 __chk_paramexpr(struct expr_t *, int32);
extern void __set_numval(struct expr_t *, word32, word32, int32);

extern void __cv_msg(char *, ...);
extern void __gfwarn(int32, word32, int32, char *, ...);
extern void __sgfwarn(int32, char *, ...);
extern void __gfinform(int32, word32, int32, char *, ...);
extern void __gferr(int32, word32, int32, char *, ...);
extern void __sgferr(int32, char *, ...);
extern void __dbg_msg(char *, ...);
extern void __sgfinform(int32, char *, ...);
extern void __sgfterr(int32, char *, ...);
extern void __pv_terr(int32, char *, ...);
extern void __arg_terr(char *, int32);
extern void __case_terr(char *, int32);
extern void __misc_terr(char *, int32);
extern void __misc_sgfterr(char *, int32);
extern void __misc_gfterr(char *, int32, word32, int32);

extern word32 __masktab[];

/*
 * ROUTINES TO SAVE INITIAL SOURCE FOR PLI USE
 */

/*
 * ROUTINES TO PROCESS XMR TYPE DEFPARAMS
 */

/*
 * use all defparams in current module to change local param init values
 * in other modules
 * notice all defparams used to set module init values before values
 * used in code
 *
 * notice defparams are not module items but parameters can be used on
 * lvalues and defparams allowed in tasks where they can only
 * be set with global ref. defparams
 */
extern void __process_defparams(void)
{
 struct dfparam_t *dfpp;

 /* convert all downward relative defparams to rooted */
 /* linked on by root nxt - even if 1 will be on root nxt */
 bld_root_dfpglbs();

 /* handle splitting of all defparams */
 do_defparam_splitting();
 /* by here arrays of instances have been converted into normal instances */
 if (__pndparam_splits || __defparam_splits) reset_dfp_targsyps();

 /* go through flat itree and reset all instance numbers */
 reassign_itnums();

 /* SJM 03/16/04 - rebuild the levelized static (src contents) if any */
 /* defparam spliting - if only pound param splitting still good */
 /* this is not strictly needed now but will be for future generate */
 if (__defparam_splits) __bld_mlevel_lists();

 /* set pound params if needed */
 if (__num_inst_pndparams > 0) __set_poundparams();

 /* fixup new target syps and mdps if needed and set defparams */
 /* this must be in exact source order including in root or local */
 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  set_1defparam(dfpp);
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO CONVERT ALL DOWNWARD DEFPARAMS TO ROOTED
 */

/*
 * convert defparam lhs non rooted globals to right number of rooted
 * links off non rooted and build 1 design wide list
 *
 * know will be at least one defparam or will not be called
 * after here all design wide defparams in one list
 * module mdfps unused after here
 */
static void bld_root_dfpglbs(void)
{
 register int32 ii;
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp, *dfpp2;
 int32 num_defparams, num_locdefparams;
 struct dfparam_t *last_dfpp, *dfpp3, **dfpptab;
 struct mod_t *dfpmdp;

 /* go through list of 1 inst. corresponding to each top level module */
 /* this also sets itree place to eval. rhs in */
 for (ii = 0; ii < __numtopm; ii++) bld_root2_dfpglbs(__it_roots[ii], 1);

 /* convert to design wide linear defparam list */
 last_dfpp = NULL;
 num_defparams = num_locdefparams = 0;
 for (dfpmdp = __modhdr; dfpmdp != NULL; dfpmdp = dfpmdp->mnxt)
  {
   for (dfpp = dfpmdp->mdfps; dfpp != NULL;)
    {
     if (dfpp->dfp_local || dfpp->dfp_rooted)
      {
       if (last_dfpp == NULL) __dfphdr = dfpp;
       else last_dfpp->dfpnxt = dfpp;
       last_dfpp = dfpp;
       num_defparams++;
       if (dfpp->dfp_local) num_locdefparams++;
       dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt;
       continue;
      }
     dfpp2 = dfpp->rooted_dfps;
     for (; dfpp2 != NULL; dfpp2 = dfpp2->rooted_dfps)
      {
       if (last_dfpp == NULL) __dfphdr = dfpp2;
       else last_dfpp->dfpnxt = dfpp2;
       last_dfpp = dfpp2;
       num_defparams++;
      }
     dfpp3 = dfpp->dfpnxt;
     /* finally free unrooted that has been replaced by rooted */
     __free_1dfparam(dfpp);
     dfpp = dfpp3;
    }
   /* SJM 02/18/01 - since freed need to set to nil to prevent copying */
   /* when modules split - defparams are copied for giarr splitting */
   dfpmdp->mdfps = NULL;
  }
 if (last_dfpp != NULL) last_dfpp->dfpnxt = NULL;

 /* sort global defparams by location since last must override */
 /* know there will always be a least one defparam here */
 dfpptab = (struct dfparam_t **)
  __my_malloc(num_defparams*sizeof(struct dfparam_t *));
 for (ii = 0, dfpp = __dfphdr; ii < num_defparams; ii++, dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  dfpptab[ii] = dfpp;
 qsort((char *) dfpptab, num_defparams, sizeof(struct dfparam_t *),
  dfploc_cmp);
 __dfphdr = dfpptab[0];
 dfpp3 = __dfphdr;
 for (ii = 1; ii < num_defparams; ii++)
  {
   dfpp3->dfpnxt = dfpptab[ii];
   dfpp3 = dfpp3->dfpnxt;
  }
 dfpp3->dfpnxt = NULL;
 /* design wide rooted (or local) def param list now ordered */
 __my_free((char *) dfpptab, num_defparams*sizeof(struct dfparam_t *));

 /* SJM 06/04/05 - nil the rooted dfps field since no longer needed */
 /* could leave but nil makes debugging easier */
 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  dfpp->rooted_dfps = NULL;

 /* only find identicals if at least one non local */
 if (num_defparams - num_locdefparams != 0)
  {
   bld_identdfparams(num_defparams - num_locdefparams);
   find_mustsplit_dfps();
  }
 if (__debug_flg) dmp_dfps(TRUE, TRUE);
}

static int32 dfploc_cmp(const void *dfpp1, const void *dfpp2)
{
 int32 cv;

 cv = (*((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp1))->dfpfnam_ind
  - (*((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp2))->dfpfnam_ind;
 if (cv != 0) return(cv);
 return((*((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp1))->dfplin_cnt
  - (*((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp2))->dfplin_cnt);
}

/*
 * dump defparam list
 * only called if debugging on
 *
 * SJM 05/25/05 - rewrote to work with converted to rooted dfps
 */
static void dmp_dfps(int32 emit_pth, int32 now_rted)
{
 struct dfparam_t *dfpp;
 register int32 dfi, ii;
 char identtyp;
 struct inst_t *ip;

 __dbg_msg("$$$ Dumping all design defparams $$$\n");
 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  {
   if (dfpp->dfp_has_idents)
    { if (dfpp->idntmastdfp == NULL) identtyp = 'M'; else identtyp = 'Y'; }
   else identtyp = 'N';
   __dbg_msg("==> defparam %s in %s at %s loc.=%u rooted=%u identical=%c\n",
    dfpp->gdfpnam, dfpp->in_mdp->msym->synam,
   __bld_lineloc(__xs, dfpp->dfpfnam_ind, dfpp->dfplin_cnt),
    dfpp->dfp_local, dfpp->dfp_rooted, identtyp);

   /* will not have component since accessed from master */
   if (dfpp->idntmastdfp != NULL || !emit_pth || dfpp->dfp_local) continue;

   /* here must still allocate dfpiis */
   /* if root in module that is multiply instantiated must see table */
   /* only once and rule is last source order is right instance to eval in */
   ii = dfpp->dfpiis[0];
   if (dfpp->dfp_rooted || now_rted) ip = __top_itab[ii];
   else ip = &(dfpp->in_mdp->minsts[ii]);
   for (dfi = 0; dfi <= dfpp->last_dfpi; dfi++)
    {
     sprintf(__xs, " (inst type %s)", ip->imsym->synam);
     __dbg_msg("   component %s%s index %d\n", __xs, ip->isym->synam, ii);

     ii = dfpp->dfpiis[dfi + 1];
     if (dfi < dfpp->last_dfpi) ip = &(ip->imsym->el.emdp->minsts[ii]);
    }
   __dbg_msg("\n");
  }
 __dbg_msg("$$$ end of defparms $$$\n");
}

/*
 * dump all param expressions
 */
extern void __dmp_all_param_exprs(void)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register struct net_t *np;
 int32 wlen;
 word32 *wp;

 __dbg_msg("*** dumping all params ***\n");
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   for (pi = 0; pi < mdp->mprmnum; pi++)
    {
     np = &(mdp->mprms[pi]);
     wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);

     /* parameter has IS form, eval rhs from itree place and set num */
     if (np->srep == SR_PISNUM)
      {
       for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
        {
         wp = &(np->nva.wp[2*ii*wlen]);
         __dbg_msg("module %s param %s value %s\n", mdp->msym->synam,
          np->nsym->synam, __pregab_tostr(__xs, wp, &(wp[wlen]), np));
        }
      }
     else if (np->srep == SR_PNUM)
      {
       wp = np->nva.wp;
       __dbg_msg("module %s param %s rhs expr. %s\n", mdp->msym->synam,
        np->nsym->synam, __pregab_tostr(__xs, wp, &(wp[wlen]), np));
      }
     else __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     if (np->nrngrep != NX_CT) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     if (np->n_isarr)
      {
       __dbg_msg("  array range [%s:%s]", __msgexpr_tostr(__xs,
        np->nu.ct->nx1), __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, np->nu.ct->nx2));
      }
     else __dbg_msg(" ");
     if (np->n_isavec)
      {
       __dbg_msg(" range [%s:%s]\n", __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, np->nu.ct->nx1),
        __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, np->nu.ct->nx2));
      }
     else __dbg_msg("\n");
    }
  }
 __dbg_msg("*** end of dump ***\n");
}

/*
 * under each top module's convert defparam lhs global to rooted form
 * uses extra storage but reclaimed after defparams substituted
 *
 * this just updates dfpiis for downward relative
 * downward relative symbols in top module are not rooted but can never
 * be in list
 */
static void bld_root2_dfpglbs(struct itree_t *itp, int32 level)
{
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp;
 struct dfparam_t *new_dfpp;
 int32 i, ii, rtlen, *newiis;
 byte *bp1, *bp2;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct itree_t *tmpitp, *upitp;

 if (level >= MAXGLBCOMPS)
  {
too_deep:
   __pv_terr(310,
    "downward defparam hierarchical path has too many components (%d)",
    MAXGLBCOMPS);
  }
 imdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
 /* --- */
 if (__debug_flg)
  {
   __dbg_msg("==> building defparam globals in inst. %s type %s\n",
    itp->itip->isym->synam, imdp->msym->synam);
  }
 /* --- */

 /* convert unrooted to defparam rooted */
 /* even if only one inst. of this need rooted form */
 for (dfpp = imdp->mdfps; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  {
   /* SJM 05/26/05 - can't use indfp itp for dfps because splitting changes */
   if (dfpp->dfp_local)
    {
     /* local defparams - NULL means in all instances - for dependent */
     /* if rhs defparam is IS form must convert local value to IS form */
     continue;
    }

   /* if root in module that is multiply instantiated must see table */
   /* only once and rule is last source order is right instance to eval in */
   if (dfpp->dfp_rooted)
    {
     /* if rooted appears in multiply instantiated, possible that rhs */
     /* expr. can contain IS form so that same target rooted defparam lhs */
     /* gets assigned to once for each - using last one since arbitrary */
     continue;
    }
   rtlen = level + dfpp->last_dfpi + 1;
   if (rtlen >= MAXGLBCOMPS) goto too_deep;
   newiis = (int32 *) __my_malloc(rtlen*sizeof(int32));
   /* fill the new prefix - need instance symbol except module at top */
   /* this is downward relative in top level */
   tmpitp = itp;
   for (i = level; i > 0; i--)
    {
     if (tmpitp->up_it == NULL)
      {
       ii = __ip_indsrch(tmpitp->itip->imsym->synam);
       /* DBG remove -- */
       if (ii == -1) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
       if (i != 1) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
       /* --- */
       newiis[i - 1] = ii;
       continue;
      }
     upitp = tmpitp->up_it;
     bp1 = (byte *) tmpitp->itip;
     bp2 = (byte *) upitp->itip->imsym->el.emdp->minsts;
     ii = (bp1 - bp2)/sizeof(struct inst_t);
     newiis[i - 1] = ii;
     tmpitp = upitp;
    }
   /* finish by copying rest of path */
   __last_gsc = level;
   for (i = 0; i <= dfpp->last_dfpi; __last_gsc++, i++)
    newiis[__last_gsc] = dfpp->dfpiis[i];

   /* if module has only 1 flattened instance just replace dfcmps */
   /* notice tail param targsyp same for each */
   if (imdp->flatinum == 1)
    {
     __my_free((char *) dfpp->dfpiis, (dfpp->last_dfpi + 1)*sizeof(int32));
     dfpp->dfpiis = newiis;
     dfpp->last_dfpi = __last_gsc - 1;
     dfpp->dfp_rooted = TRUE;
     continue;
    }
   new_dfpp = (struct dfparam_t *) __my_malloc(sizeof(struct dfparam_t));
   *new_dfpp = *dfpp;
   /* need to copy expressions here, since at least free requires sep. */
   new_dfpp->dfpxlhs = __copy_expr(dfpp->dfpxlhs);
   new_dfpp->dfpxrhs = __copy_expr(dfpp->dfpxrhs);
   /* notice tail is pointed to by targsyp (not in cmps) */
   new_dfpp->dfpiis = newiis;
   new_dfpp->last_dfpi = __last_gsc - 1;

   /* put on front */
   new_dfpp->rooted_dfps = dfpp->rooted_dfps;
   dfpp->rooted_dfps = new_dfpp;
   /* downward relative stem freed when new rooted copied to design list */
  }
 /* process 1 down depth first */
 for (ii = 0; ii < imdp->minum; ii++)
  bld_root2_dfpglbs(&(itp->in_its[ii]), level + 1);
}

/*
 * build the list of defparams independent of source module that have
 * identical target module - goes through all defparams and connect
 * those with identical target module
 *
 * this order identical path maybe same or maybe different defparams
 * in source order so same will always use last source order
 */
static void bld_identdfparams(int32 nrtdfps)
{
 register int32 dfi, dfi2;
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp1, *dfpp2;
 struct dfparam_t *mastdfp, *dfpend, **dfppndx;

 /* build and sort index - ordered so all same rooted paths contingous */
 /* within same paths ordered by source order */
 dfppndx = (struct dfparam_t **)
  __my_malloc(nrtdfps*sizeof(struct dfparam_t *));
 for (dfi = -1, dfpp1 = __dfphdr; dfpp1 != NULL; dfpp1 = dfpp1->dfpnxt)
  {
   if (!dfpp1->dfp_local) dfppndx[++dfi] = dfpp1;
  }
 qsort((char *) dfppndx, nrtdfps, sizeof(struct dfparam_t *), ipth_cmp);

 for (dfi = 0; dfi < nrtdfps;)
  {
   dfpp1 = dfppndx[dfi];
   /* because of sorting - never see one already in equivalence class */
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (dfpp1->dfp_has_idents) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   if ((dfi2 = dfi + 1) >= nrtdfps) break;
   dfpp2 = dfppndx[dfi2];
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (dfpp2->dfp_has_idents) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   if (ipth2_cmp(dfpp1, dfpp2) != 0) { dfi++; continue; }

   /* know at least 2 equivalent - first is master */
   mastdfp = dfpend = dfpp1;
   dfpp1->idntmastdfp = NULL;
   dfpp1->dfp_has_idents = TRUE;
   for (;;)
    {
     /* DBG remove -- */
     if (dfpp2->dfp_has_idents) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */

     /* mark has ident and link on front of current work list */
     dfpp2->dfp_has_idents = TRUE;
     dfpp2->idntmastdfp = mastdfp;
     dfpend->idntnxt = dfpp2;
     dfpend = dfpp2;
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       __dbg_msg("defparam %s in %s at %s same target inst. as %s at %s\n",
        dfpp2->gdfpnam, dfpp2->in_mdp->msym->synam,
        __bld_lineloc(__xs, dfpp2->dfpfnam_ind, dfpp2->dfplin_cnt),
        mastdfp->gdfpnam, __bld_lineloc(__xs2, mastdfp->dfpfnam_ind,
        mastdfp->dfplin_cnt));
      }
     /* --- */
     if (++dfi2 >= nrtdfps) break;
     dfpp2 = dfppndx[dfi2];
     /* if not in current equiv. class, may start next one */
     if (ipth2_cmp(dfpp1, dfpp2) != 0) break;
    }
   dfpend->idntnxt = NULL;
   dfi = dfi2;
  }
 __my_free((char *) dfppndx, nrtdfps*sizeof(struct dfparam_t *));
}

/*
 * wrapper for sorting defparams - if same order by source loc.
 */
static int32 ipth_cmp(const void *dfpp1p, const void *dfpp2p)
{
 register int32 cv;
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp1, *dfpp2;

 dfpp1 = *((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp1p);
 dfpp2 = *((struct dfparam_t **) dfpp2p);

 if ((cv = ipth2_cmp(dfpp1, dfpp2)) != 0) return(cv);

 /* if same, need source location order */
 cv = dfpp1->dfpfnam_ind - dfpp2->dfpfnam_ind;
 if (cv != 0) return(cv);
 cv = (dfpp1->dfplin_cnt - dfpp2->dfplin_cnt);
 if (cv != 0) return(cv);
 return(0);
}

/*
 * compare 2 defparam records (use address for order)
 */
static int32 ipth2_cmp(register struct dfparam_t *dfpp1,
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp2)
{
 register int32 ii;
 register struct sy_t *sy1, *sy2;
 int32 atend1, atend2;
 struct itree_t *itp1, *itp2;

 itp1 = __it_roots[dfpp1->dfpiis[0]];
 itp2 = __it_roots[dfpp2->dfpiis[0]];
 for (ii = 0;;)
  {
   /* DBG remove --
   if (itp1->itip == NULL || itp2->itip == NULL)
    __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   --- */
   sy1 = itp1->itip->isym;
   sy2 = itp2->itip->isym;
   /* SJM 06/03/02 - cast to int32 and minus not 64 bit portable */
   if (sy1 != sy2)
    {
     if (sy1 > sy2) return(1);
     return(-1);
    }
   ii++;
   atend1 = (ii > dfpp1->last_dfpi);
   atend2 = (ii > dfpp2->last_dfpi);
   if (!atend1 && !atend2)
    {
     itp1 = &(itp1->in_its[dfpp1->dfpiis[ii]]);
     itp2 = &(itp2->in_its[dfpp2->dfpiis[ii]]);
     continue;
    }
   /* if both past end - done (know same length) */
   if (atend1 && atend2) break;
   /* know one but not other past end - done with shortest first */
   if (atend1) return(-1);
   return(1);
  }
 return(0);
}

/*
 * mark wires that can effect target module expression widths in
 * target module and if defparam contains mark as must split
 * if not marked, then can use IS form
 */
static void find_mustsplit_dfps(void)
{
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp, *dfpp2;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct itree_t *bot_itp;

 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  {
   /* only look at non local master's from identicals here */
   if (dfpp->dfp_local || dfpp->idntmastdfp != NULL) continue;

   bot_itp = __find_dfpbot_itp(dfpp);
   imdp = bot_itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   /* if only 1 inst. no need to split */
   if (imdp->flatinum == 1) continue;

   /* if target module does not have expr. width params set, do it now */
   if (!imdp->mwiddetdone)
    {
     /* width marking must be done with module context */
     __push_wrkitstk(imdp, 0);
     __mark_widdet_params(imdp);
     __pop_wrkitstk();
     imdp->mwiddetdone = TRUE;
    }

   /* if any of list with identical target width determining must split */
   /* identical target means identical module type */
   /* dfpp included in ident list */
   if (dfpp->dfp_has_idents)
    {
     for (dfpp2 = dfpp; dfpp2 != NULL; dfpp2 = dfpp2->idntnxt)
      {
       np = dfpp2->targsyp->el.enp;
       if (np->nu.ct->n_widthdet)
        {
         /* DBG remove --- */
         if (__debug_flg)
          {
           __dbg_msg(
	    "+++ mark module %s to split defparam %s (mast of equiv class) width determining.\n",
            imdp->msym->synam, np->nsym->synam);
          }
         /* --- */
         /* SJM 03/21/04 - because all are in same destination inst */
         /* equivalence class, once know that the master split can stop */
         dfpp->dfp_mustsplit = TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
   else
    {
     np = dfpp->targsyp->el.enp;
     if (np->nu.ct->n_widthdet)
      {
       /* DBG remove --- */
       if (__debug_flg)
        {
         __dbg_msg(
          "+++ mark module %s to split since defparam %s width determining.\n",
          imdp->msym->synam, np->nsym->synam);
        }
       /* --- */
       dfpp->dfp_mustsplit = TRUE;
       /* AIV 02/04/04 - was wrongly breaking so did not process all defps */
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * find bottom defparam itree loc.
 */
extern struct itree_t *__find_dfpbot_itp(struct dfparam_t *dfpp)
{
 register int32 dfi, ii;
 register struct itree_t *bot_itp, *itp;

 ii = dfpp->dfpiis[0];
 bot_itp = __it_roots[ii];
 /* may not go through this loop if in top */
 for (dfi = 1; dfi <= dfpp->last_dfpi; dfi++)
  { ii = dfpp->dfpiis[dfi]; itp = &(bot_itp->in_its[ii]); bot_itp = itp; }
 return(bot_itp);
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO SPLIT MODULES AND UNWIND DEFPARAMS
 */

/*
 * do all defparam splitting off
 * since all rooted just descend from root in itree change itree imsym
 * types and copy modules where needed
 */
static void do_defparam_splitting(void)
{
 register int32 ii2, dfi;
 int32 ii, last_split;
 struct dfparam_t *dfpp;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct itree_t *itp, *up_itp;
 struct mod_t *orig_imdp, *imdp, *down_inst_mod;

 __defparam_splits = FALSE;
 last_split = FALSE;
 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  {
   /* if has identical (i.e. more than one param in same inst set), */
   /* then build path for 1 and at end copy same path for all idents */
   if (dfpp->dfp_local || dfpp->idntmastdfp != NULL) continue;

   /* SJM 03/23/04 - if needed to split must rebuild itree because */
   /* need to renumber the split off ones and the ones split from */
   if (last_split)
    {
     __free_flat_itree();
     __bld_flat_itree();
     last_split = FALSE;
    }

   /* first split module containing defparam target if needed */
   dfi = dfpp->last_dfpi;
   itp = __find_dfpbot_itp(dfpp);
   ip = itp->itip;
   imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;

   if (imdp->flatinum == 1)
    {
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       __dbg_msg("-- defparam %s mod %s not split - only 1 instance\n",
        dfpp->gdfpnam, imdp->msym->synam);
      }
     /* --- */
     continue;
    }

   /* if can just change to IS expr. form, do not split */
   if (!dfpp->dfp_mustsplit)
    {
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       __dbg_msg(
        "-- defparam %s mod %s not split - can change param to inst. form\n",
        dfpp->gdfpnam, imdp->msym->synam);
      }
     /* --- */
     continue;
    }

   /* always split off master (original) if needed */
   if (imdp->mspltmst != NULL)
    {
     __gfwarn(535, dfpp->dfpfnam_ind, dfpp->dfplin_cnt,
      "INTERNAL - bottom of tree module of type \"%s\" should not have master %s",
      imdp->msym->synam, imdp->mspltmst->msym->synam);
     orig_imdp = imdp->mspltmst;
    }
   else orig_imdp = imdp;

   /* DBG remove ---
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("==> before split of bottom mod %s and before split up\n",
      orig_imdp->msym->synam);
     __dmp_itree(__it_roots[0]);
    }
   --- */

   /* notice this set __inst_mod to new split off - each defaparam has */
   /* own in module so this use of __inst_mod does not require saving */
   /* LOOKATME - should not set __inst_mod inside but return value here */
   __do_mdsplit(orig_imdp);
   __defparam_splits = TRUE;
   last_split = TRUE;

   /* DBG remove ---
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("==> after split but before split up without adjust to %s\n",
      __inst_mod->msym->synam);
     __dmp_itree(__it_roots[0]);
    }
   --- */

   /* DBG remove --- */
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("-- split defparam(s) %s type %s to %s target symbol %s.\n",
      dfpp->gdfpnam, orig_imdp->msym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam,
      dfpp->targsyp->synam);
    }
   /* --- */
   /* do not need to update non master defparam since will never see */

   up_itp = itp->up_it;
try_split_up:
   /* notice that level i, ii is index in one up itree in_its */
   ii = dfpp->dfpiis[dfi];
   /* move 1 level up tree */
   dfi--;
   itp = up_itp;
   imdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   up_itp = up_itp->up_it;
   /* previous copied module */
   down_inst_mod = __inst_mod;

    /* DBG remove ---
    if (__debug_flg)
     {
      __dbg_msg("==> at beginning of try split up\n");
      __dmp_itree(__it_roots[0]);
     }
    --- */

   /* either fix 1 itree level above module type or split if needed */

   /* rule 1: if 1 up itree place inst_t module type has 1 flat inst, */
   /* just change imsym */
   /* top modules will always cause rule 1 termination */
   /* if already split off (common), know exactly one inst., do not split */
   if (imdp->flatinum == 1)
    {
     (imdp->minsts[ii]).imsym = down_inst_mod->msym;

     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       __dbg_msg("-- defparam %s module %s needs split but has 1 inst.\n",
	dfpp->gdfpnam, imdp->msym->synam);
      }
     /* --- */
     continue;
    }

   /* rule 2: if module flatinum > 1, has contained inst_t split off */
   /* must copy module and work up tree */
   if (imdp->mspltmst != NULL) orig_imdp = imdp->mspltmst;
   else orig_imdp = imdp;
   /* notice here __inst_mod changed to newly split off, so works */
   /* but use of __inst mod makes code hard to follow */
   __do_mdsplit(orig_imdp);

   /* DBG remove ---
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("==> after split - before itree fix up\n");
     __dmp_itree(__it_roots[0]);
    }
   --- */

   /* inside split off mod always change instances down module type */
   (__inst_mod->minsts[ii]).imsym = down_inst_mod->msym;

   /* since entire insts list in __inst_mod copy of list in original mod */
   /* each itip inside non leaf top module must be changed to address of */
   /* inst in split of __inst_mod */
   /* notice must update because other defparams may descend through here */
   for (ii2 = 0; ii2 < __inst_mod->minum; ii2++)
    (itp->in_its[ii2]).itip = &(__inst_mod->minsts[ii2]);

   /* --- DBG remove
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("==> after split - after itree fix up\n");
     __dmp_itree(__it_roots[0]);
    }
   --- */

   /* DBG remove --- */
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("-- defparam %s needing split mod %s split to %s\n",
      dfpp->gdfpnam, orig_imdp->msym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam);
    }
   /* --- */
   goto try_split_up;
  }

 /* SJM 03/23/04 - if last one needed to split must rebuild itree here */
 if (last_split)
  {
   __free_flat_itree();
   __bld_flat_itree();
  }
 /* DBG remove --- */
 if (__debug_flg)
  { for (ii2 = 0; ii2 < __numtopm; ii2++) __dmp_itree(__it_roots[ii2]); }
 /* --- */
}

/*
 * if any splitting must reset all target symbols
 * problem is that end instance of path may be split from other defparam
 */
static void reset_dfp_targsyps(void)
{
 register struct dfparam_t *dfpp, *dfpp2;

 for (dfpp = __dfphdr; dfpp != NULL; dfpp = dfpp->dfpnxt)
  {
   /* since local always copied and no xmr path no reset needed */
   if (dfpp->dfp_local || dfpp->idntmastdfp != NULL) continue;

   if (!dfpp->dfp_has_idents) { reset_1dfp_targsyp(dfpp); continue; }

   /* SJM 03/16/04 - LOOKATME - could just go through lists ignoring */
   /* idntmastdfp */
   /* master included on this list */
   for (dfpp2 = dfpp; dfpp2 != NULL; dfpp2 = dfpp2->idntnxt)
    reset_1dfp_targsyp(dfpp2);
  }
}

/*
 * in case splitting of target module (maybe from elsewhere)
 * reset target symbol
 */
static void reset_1dfp_targsyp(struct dfparam_t *dfpp)
{
 register struct task_t *tskp;
 struct itree_t *itp;
 struct mod_t *mdp;
 struct sy_t *syp;
 char *chp;

 itp = __find_dfpbot_itp(dfpp);
 mdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
 chp = dfpp->targsyp->synam;
 if (dfpp->dfptskp != NULL)
  {
   for (tskp = mdp->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
    {
     if (strcmp(tskp->tsksyp->synam, dfpp->dfptskp->tsksyp->synam) == 0)
      goto have_task;
    }
   __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);

have_task:
   if ((syp = __get_sym(chp, tskp->tsksymtab)) == NULL)
    __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   if (dfpp->targsyp != syp)
    {
     /* DBG remove -- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       __dbg_msg(
        "++ for task defparam %s new bottom %s replacing %s with %s\n",
        dfpp->gdfpnam, __msg2_blditree(__xs, itp), dfpp->targsyp->synam,
        syp->synam);
      }
     /* ---*/
     dfpp->targsyp = syp;
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (__debug_flg)
      {
       struct net_t *np;

       np = syp->el.enp;
       /* using first instance of original expression */
       __dbg_msg("-+- assigning params for %s in %s at %p - expr:%s\n",
        np->nsym->synam, mdp->msym->synam, np, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs,
        np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d1x));
      }
     /* --- */
    }
   return;
  }
 /* DBG remove -- */
 if ((syp = __get_sym(chp, mdp->msymtab)) == NULL)
  __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 if (dfpp->targsyp != syp)
  {
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __dbg_msg("++ for defparam %s new bottom %s replacing %s with %s\n",
      dfpp->gdfpnam, __msg2_blditree(__xs, itp), dfpp->targsyp->synam,
      syp->synam);
    }
   /* ---*/
   dfpp->targsyp = syp;
  }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO BUILD AS IF FLATTENED INSTANCE TREE
 */

/*
 * go through itree setting all inst fields to possible new split off value
 * split off module has same inst pointer (type different) but underneath
 * instances can be completeley different no. (structure unchanged though)
 */
static void reassign_itnums(void)
{
 register int32 ii;
 register struct mod_t *flmdp;
 struct itree_t *itp;

 for (flmdp = __modhdr; flmdp != NULL; flmdp = flmdp->mnxt)
  flmdp->lastinum = 0;
 /* notice types of top level modules cannot change */
 for (ii = 0; ii < __numtopm; ii++)
  {
   itp = __it_roots[ii];
   flmdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   itp->itinum = (flmdp->lastinum)++;
   reassign2_itnums(itp);
  }
 /* ---
 if (__debug_flg)
  {
   __dbg_msg("==> dumping itree with reset inst numbers\n");
   for (ii = 0; ii < __numtopm; ii++) __dmp_itree(__it_roots[ii]);
  }
 --- */
}

/*
 * non top level built itree for inst. of one module
 *
 * know up instance pointers point to allocated but not set itree nodes
 * for each inst. in module one up
 * try to make as breadth first as possible
 */
static void reassign2_itnums(struct itree_t *new_itp)
{
 register int32 ii;
 struct itree_t *itp;
 struct mod_t *imdp, *mdp;

 imdp = new_itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
 /* fill contained itree instance contents */
 for (ii = 0; ii < imdp->minum; ii++)
  {
   /* alloc sets inst_t value */
   itp = &(new_itp->in_its[ii]);
   mdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   itp->itinum = (mdp->lastinum)++;
  }
 /* finally down 1 level */
 for (ii = 0; ii < imdp->minum; ii++)
  reassign2_itnums(&(new_itp->in_its[ii]));
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO SET POUND AND DEFPARAMS
 */

/*
 * must set pound params by top down scan of itree
 * rule is first set all pound params
 */
extern void __set_poundparams(void)
{
 register int32 ii;
 struct itree_t *itp;

 for (ii = 0; ii < __numtopm; ii++)
  {
   /* since pound params change params one level down - none at top */
   itp = __it_roots[ii];
   set2_poundparams(itp);
  }
}

/*
 * set pound params
 * try to make as breadth first as possible
 */
static void set2_poundparams(struct itree_t *up_itp)
{
 register int32 ii, ii2;
 int32 giawid, is_giarr;
 struct itree_t *itp;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *up_mdp;
 struct giarr_t *giap;

 up_mdp = up_itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
 giap = NULL;
 giawid = 0;
 for (ii = 0; ii < up_mdp->minum; ii++)
  {
   if (up_mdp->miarr != NULL && (giap = up_mdp->miarr[ii]) != NULL)
    {
     giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap);
     is_giarr = TRUE;
    }
   else is_giarr = FALSE;

   /* if module no params or none set nil, if some set non nil but some */
   /* locations will be nil instead of pointing to up pound param expr. */
   itp = &(up_itp->in_its[ii]);
   ip = itp->itip;

   /* for giarr's in each expanded instance although since no generate */
   /* all are the same */
   if (is_giarr)
    {
     if (ip->ipxprtab != NULL)
      {
       for (ii2 = ii; ii2 < ii + giawid; ii2++)
        {
         itp = &(up_itp->in_its[ii2]);
         __set_1inst_pound_params(itp, TRUE);
        }
      }
    }
   else { if (ip->ipxprtab != NULL) __set_1inst_pound_params(itp, FALSE); }

   /* skip all but first instance of instance array expanded */
   /* works because know all must have same type */
   /* for array of instances, need master ip in giarr */
   if (is_giarr) { giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap); ii += (giawid - 1); }
  }
 /* finally down 1 level */
 for (ii = 0; ii < up_mdp->minum; ii++)
  {
   set2_poundparams(&(up_itp->in_its[ii]));

   /* skip all but first instance of instance array expanded */
   /* works because know all must have same type */
   /* for array of instances, need master ip in giarr */
   if (up_mdp->miarr != NULL && (giap = up_mdp->miarr[ii]) != NULL)
    {
     giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap);
     ii += (giawid - 1);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * set the pound parameters for all of 1 instance down
 *
 * only called if instance has at least one pound param
 *
 * for anything set here must evaluate to number because this is the next
 * place in sort order but must leave as expr. because some other
 * instances of IS form parameter may need to use default
 */
extern void __set_1inst_pound_params(struct itree_t *itp, int32 is_giarr)
{
 register int32 pi;
 struct expr_t *pxp;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;
 struct net_t *modnp;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 /* top module can not be destination of pound params */
 /* DBG remove --- */
 if (itp->up_it == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* --- */

 ip = itp->itip;
 imdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
 /* pound parameters are nets (param var typ) defined in module */
 /* if # param list short ok, do not change last */
 for (pi = 0; pi < imdp->mprmnum; pi++)
  {
   pxp = ip->ipxprtab[pi];
   /* explicit form with this one unused or short list */
   if (pxp == NULL) continue;

   modnp = &(imdp->mprms[pi]);

   /* SJM 01/26/05 - mistake because if param set by def param was marking */
   /* add preventing recalc param rhs from using expr but must also set */
   /* bit for pound param overrides */
   modnp->nu.ct->p_setby_defpnd = TRUE;

   /* use whatever parm values in rhs are current to freeze rhs to num */
   /* here is the source order point for pound param */
   /* must evaluate in instantiating module but set in lower */
   __push_itstk(itp->up_it);
   xsp = __eval_xpr(pxp);
   __pop_itstk();

   /* know this is parameter */
   /* if not already in IS form convert and make each inst. old expr. */
   /* providing more than one inst. - 1st inst. set from # parm if >1 insts */
   /* causes change to IS form */
   if (modnp->srep == SR_PNUM)
    {
     /* special case, if part of inst array, never convert to IS form */
     /* because each inst array its own type and all params must be same */
     if (is_giarr)
      {
       sprintf(s1, "%s (pound param)", __msg2_blditree(__xs, itp));
       __cnvt_param_stkval(xsp, pxp, modnp, s1);
       __assgn_nonis_param(modnp, pxp, xsp);
       goto chk_dbg;
      }

     /* this will replicate initial value and change srep */
     if (imdp->flatinum > 1 && !modnp->nu.ct->n_widthdet)
       __chg_param_tois(modnp, imdp);
     else
      {
       sprintf(s1, "%s (pound param)", __msg2_blditree(__xs, itp));
       __cnvt_param_stkval(xsp, pxp, modnp, s1);
       __assgn_nonis_param(modnp, pxp, xsp);
       goto chk_dbg;
      }
    }
   /* IS param case (was or newly converted to IS) */
   sprintf(s1, "%s (per instance pound param)", __msg2_blditree(__xs, itp));
   __cnvt_param_stkval(xsp, pxp, modnp, s1);
   assgn_is_param(modnp, xsp, pxp->has_sign,
    itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp->flatinum, itp->itinum);

   /* update paramter value but leave original expr. - needed if user */
   /* wants different parameter assign algorithm */

   /* should dump parameter size info here */
chk_dbg:
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     __push_itstk(itp);
     __dbg_msg(
      "+++ setting # param %s to %s in module %s (%d insts) from inst. %s\n",
      modnp->nsym->synam, __pregab_tostr(__xs, xsp->ap, xsp->bp, modnp),
      imdp->msym->synam, imdp->flatinum, ip->isym->synam);
     __pop_itstk();
    }
   __pop_xstk();
  }
}

/*
 * assign new value to non IS parameter
 */
extern void __assgn_nonis_param(struct net_t *np, struct expr_t *xrhs,
 struct xstk_t *xsp)
{
 int32 owlen, nwlen;

 owlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
 nwlen = wlen_(xsp->xslen);
 /* if param real because declared or inital RHS real know xsp converted */
 /* so just assign */
 if (np->ntyp == N_REAL)
  {
   memcpy(np->nva.wp, xsp->ap, 2*owlen*WRDBYTES);
   return;
  }
 __my_free((char *) np->nva.wp, 2*WRDBYTES*owlen);
 np->nva.wp = (word32 *) __my_malloc(2*WRDBYTES*nwlen);
 memcpy(np->nva.wp, xsp->ap, 2*nwlen*WRDBYTES);

 /* change param width if needed */
 if (xsp->xslen != np->nwid)
  {
   np->nwid = xsp->xslen;
   if (np->nu.ct->nx1 != NULL) __free_xtree(np->nu.ct->nx1);
   if (np->nu.ct->nx2 != NULL) __free_xtree(np->nu.ct->nx2);
   if (np->nwid == 1)
    {
     np->n_isavec = FALSE;
     np->nu.ct->nx1 = np->nu.ct->nx2 = NULL;
    }
   else
    {
     np->nu.ct->nx1 = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) (np->nwid - 1), 0L, WBITS);
     np->nu.ct->nx2 = __bld_rng_numxpr(0L, 0L, WBITS);
     np->n_isavec = TRUE;
    }
  }

 /* also use rhs constant value if string/non string */
 if (xrhs->is_string) np->nu.ct->pstring = TRUE;
 else { np->nu.ct->pstring = FALSE; np->nu.ct->pbase = BDEC; }
}

/*
 * assign new value to IS parameter
 */
static void assgn_is_param(struct net_t *np, struct xstk_t *xsp,
 int32 rhs_sign, int32 ninsts, int32 iti)
{
 register int32 ii;
 int32 owlen, nwlen;
 word32 *wp, *wp2, *wp3, *wp4;

 owlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
 nwlen = wlen_(xsp->xslen);
 /* if param real because declared or inital RHS real know xsp converted */
 /* just assign to right inst. loc */
 if (np->ntyp == N_REAL)
  {
   wp = &(np->nva.wp[2*owlen*iti]);
   memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*owlen*WRDBYTES);
   return;
  }

 /* if new value wider must free and realloc so all wider */
 /* also change new width - this is tricky case */
 if (xsp->xslen > np->nwid)
  {
   /* save old area */
   wp2 = np->nva.wp;
   /* allocate new area of new wider size */
   np->nva.wp = (word32 *) __my_malloc(2*ninsts*WRDBYTES*nwlen);
   /* point to new area */
   wp = np->nva.wp;
   for (ii = 0; ii < ninsts; ii++)
    {
     /* right inst. area of old value */
     wp3 = &(wp2[2*owlen*ii]);
     /* right inst of new area */
     wp4 = &(wp[2*nwlen*ii]);
     /* since widening must zero first */
     zero_allbits_(wp4, xsp->xslen);
     zero_allbits_(&(wp4[nwlen]), xsp->xslen);
     /* copy in to first arg - high bits 0 */
     cp_walign_(wp4, wp3, np->nwid);
     cp_walign_(&(wp4[nwlen]), &(wp3[owlen]), np->nwid);
    }

   /* finally free old */
   __my_free((char *) wp2, 2*ninsts*WRDBYTES*owlen);
   /* only widening case */
   np->nwid = xsp->xslen;

   /* need to change range */
   if (np->nu.ct->nx1 != NULL) __free_xtree(np->nu.ct->nx1);
   if (np->nu.ct->nx2 != NULL) __free_xtree(np->nu.ct->nx2);
   np->nu.ct->nx1 = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) (np->nwid - 1), 0L, WBITS);
   np->nu.ct->nx2 = __bld_rng_numxpr(0L, 0L, WBITS);
   np->n_isavec = TRUE;

   /* adjust old word32 len since now widened */
   owlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
  }
 else
  {
   /* if new narrower, widen */
   /* use net's signedness since if param declared sign will be on in net */
   if (xsp->xslen < np->nwid)
    {
     /* SJM 05/13/04 - rhs expr signedness determines if sign extend needed */
     /* was wrongly using lhs */
     if (rhs_sign) __sgn_xtnd_widen(xsp, np->nwid);
     else __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
    }
  }

 /* finally change this inst one */
 wp = &(np->nva.wp[2*owlen*iti]);
 memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*owlen*WRDBYTES);
 /* here must not change param properties except width */
}

/*
 * routine to replace all instances of original expression from
 * local defparam
 *
 * needed so vpi_ access of rhs expr gets right one from pound/defparam
 * not originale source
 */
static void replace_param_rhs_expr(struct net_t *np, word32 *wp,
 struct mod_t *imdp)
{
 int32 wlen;
 double d1;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 /* free expr table and convert back if already IS form */
 if (np->nu.ct->parm_srep == SR_PISXPR)
  {
   __my_free((char *) np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d4x,
    imdp->flatinum*sizeof(struct expr_t *));
   np->nu.ct->parm_srep = SR_PXPR;
  }
 xp = __alloc_newxnd();
 wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);

 if (np->ntyp == N_REAL)
  {
   xp->optyp = REALNUM;
   xp->is_real = TRUE;
   /* SJM 03/25/02 - still need width - since no x part WBITS */
   xp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
   xp->ibase = np->nu.ct->pbase;

   memcpy(&d1, wp, sizeof(double));
   xp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_rlcval(d1);
   np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d1x = xp;
   return;
  }

 if (np->nwid <= WBITS)
  {
   xp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(wp[0], wp[1], np->nwid);
  }
 else
  {
   xp->ru.xvi = __allocfill_cval_new(wp, &(wp[2*wlen]), wlen);
  }

 xp->optyp = NUMBER;
 xp->ibase = np->nu.ct->pbase;
 if (np->nu.ct->pstring) xp->is_string = TRUE;
 if (np->n_signed) xp->has_sign = TRUE;

 np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d1x = xp;
}

/*
 * set 1 defparam - know all splitting done
 *
 * notice there be a slight memory leak here since old expression
 * value of parameter is not freed but no longer accessible from here
 * do not know if accessible form other place because no copy when
 * convert to IS form just have each point to the one expr.
 *
 * know all defparams converted to rooted by here - never specparams here
 */
static void set_1defparam(struct dfparam_t *dfpp)
{
 int32 wlen;
 struct dfparam_t *mast_dfpp;
 struct expr_t *lhsndp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct itree_t *itp;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 __sfnam_ind = dfpp->dfpfnam_ind;
 __slin_cnt = dfpp->dfplin_cnt;

 if (dfpp->idntmastdfp != NULL) mast_dfpp = dfpp->idntmastdfp;
 else mast_dfpp = dfpp;

 /* first step evaluate to make sure rhs is constant needs to be done */
 /* here since source order and if leave param on rhs further defparam */
 /* may change which invalidates source order */
 if (dfpp->dfp_local)
  {
   imdp = dfpp->in_mdp;
   __push_wrkitstk(imdp, 0);
   xsp = __eval_xpr(dfpp->dfpxrhs);
   __pop_wrkitstk();
  }
 else
  {
   /* SJM 04/24/05 - fix minor bug this must eval in actual defined in itree */
   /* loc not the master's - LOOKATME - is master needed here? */
   itp = __find_dfpbot_itp(dfpp);
   __push_itstk(itp);
   imdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   xsp = __eval_xpr(dfpp->dfpxrhs);
   __pop_itstk();
  }

 /* only possibilities here are ident or global ident */
 lhsndp = dfpp->dfpxlhs;

 /* key is that this np must be np in target split off module */
 /* and know will be SYM N */
 if (lhsndp->optyp == ID) np = lhsndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
 else np = dfpp->targsyp->el.enp;
 /* SJM 02/28/04 - added flag since must know set by defparam for recalc */
 np->nu.ct->p_setby_defpnd = TRUE;
 wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);

 /* DBG remove -- */
 if (!np->n_isaparam || np->nu.ct->p_specparam)
  __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* -- */

 /* always convert parameter value to declared parameter */
 sprintf(s1, "defparam in %s at %s", imdp->msym->synam,
  __bld_lineloc(__xs, __sfnam_ind, __slin_cnt));
 __cnvt_param_stkval(xsp, dfpp->dfpxrhs, np, s1);

 /* if local applies to all instances and mast dfpp same */
 if (dfpp->dfp_local)
  {
   imdp = dfpp->in_mdp;
   /* since must be source order, change back from instance specific */
   if (np->srep == SR_PISNUM)
    {
     __my_free((char *) np->nva.wp, imdp->flatinum*2*WRDBYTES*wlen);
     np->srep = SR_PNUM;
     np->nva.wp = (word32 *) __my_malloc(2*WRDBYTES*wlen);
    }
   memcpy(np->nva.wp, xsp->ap, 2*WRDBYTES*wlen);

   /* change so original expression for all instances using new local */
   /* defparam evaluated rhs numeric expr. */
   /* makes vpi get value form parameter in vpi_ work */
   /* this may allocate expr nodes so need mod - although expr not needed */
   /* at run time */
   __push_wrkitstk(imdp, 0);
   replace_param_rhs_expr(np, xsp->ap, imdp);
   __pop_wrkitstk();
  }
 else
  {
   /* set the target itree place - use master if part of identical group */
   itp = __find_dfpbot_itp(mast_dfpp);
   imdp = itp->itip->imsym->el.emdp;
   /* change to IS NUM form only if more than 1 inst. of module */
   if (np->srep == SR_PNUM && imdp->flatinum > 1) __chg_param_tois(np, imdp);

   /* 06/06/00 - SJM - can't copy must use param assign routines */
   /* can be either IS or non IS form */
   if (np->srep == SR_PISNUM)
    {
     assgn_is_param(np, xsp, dfpp->dfpxrhs->has_sign, imdp->flatinum,
      itp->itinum);
    }
   else __assgn_nonis_param(np, dfpp->dfpxrhs, xsp);

   /* leave original expr. - only value of lhs parameter changes */
   /* allows using algorithm for assigning defparams */
  }
 /* DBG remove --- */
 if (__debug_flg)
  {
   __dbg_msg("+++ setting defparam %s path %s to %s in module %s\n",
    np->nsym->synam, dfpp->gdfpnam, __pregab_tostr(__xs, xsp->ap, xsp->bp, np),
    imdp->msym->synam);
  }
 /* --- */
 __pop_xstk();
}

/*
 * for new parameter assignment algorithm - convert to declared or
 * implicit from rhs declared type and width
 *
 * this converts to type and size of param - new algorithm assumes
 * that parameters are somehow declared (possibly from initial rhs expr)
 */
extern void __cnvt_param_stkval(struct xstk_t *xsp, struct expr_t *xrhs,
 struct net_t *np, char *innam)
{
 char s1[RECLEN];

 /* DBG remove -- */
 if (!np->n_isaparam) __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* --- */

 /* case 1: declared or initial real - convert to real */
 if (np->ntyp == N_REAL)
  {
   if (!xrhs->is_real)
    {
     if (xrhs->szu.xclen == WBITS && xrhs->has_sign) strcpy(s1, "integer");
     else sprintf(s1, "%d bit register", xrhs->szu.xclen);
     __gfinform(486, np->nsym->syfnam_ind, np->nsym->sylin_cnt,
      "parameter %s in %s assign required conversion from %s to real",
      np->nsym->synam, innam, s1);

     __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(xsp, (xrhs->has_sign == 1));
    }
  }
 else
  {
   /* know param is non real */
   if (xrhs->is_real)
    {
     if (np->nwid == WBITS && np->n_signed) strcpy(s1, "integer");
     else sprintf(s1, "%d bit register", np->nwid);

     __gfinform(487, np->nsym->syfnam_ind, np->nsym->sylin_cnt,
      "parameter %s in %s assign required conversion from real to %s",
      np->nsym->synam, innam, s1);

     __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(xsp);
    }
   /* but it may have wrong width - in new algorithm param assigns */
   if (xsp->xslen != xrhs->szu.xclen)
    {
     __gfinform(488, np->nsym->syfnam_ind, np->nsym->sylin_cnt,
      "parameter %s in %s assign width mismatch was %d new %d - widest used",
      np->nsym->synam, innam, xsp->xslen, np->nwid);

     /* SJM 05/24/00 - now never narrow always use widest */
     /* SJM 09/29/03 - change to handle sign extension and separate types */
     /* never narrow */
     if (xsp->xslen < np->nwid)
      {
       if (xrhs->has_sign) __sgn_xtnd_widen(xsp, np->nwid);
       else __sizchg_widen(xsp, np->nwid);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * recalculate all parameters with other params on rhs
 * needed in case rhs params, changed from def or pound setting
 *
 * SJM 02/28/04 - fixes bug not match LRM when pound/def set rhs expr param
 * LOOKATME - handling all cases although think some impossible
 *
 * LOOKATME - algorithm uses whatever net type is although strictly
 * speaking conversion when no explicit width/type given in param decl
 * could be needed - if change - then previous syntax checking invalidated
 */
extern void __recalc_param_vals(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 struct task_t *tskp;
 int32 mlevel, chged, all_done;

 for (;;)
  {
   all_done = TRUE;
   chged = FALSE;

   /* SJM 03/16/04 - if static (source content) mod level d.s. changed */
   /* from splitting of pound params levelized lists updated dynamically */
   /* and if from def params will have been rebuilt */
   for (mlevel = __dagmaxdist; mlevel >= 0; mlevel--)
    {
     for (mdp = __mdlevhdr[mlevel]; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mlevnxt)
      {
       if (mdp->mod_parms_gd) continue;

       all_done = FALSE;
       if (!all_parent_mods_recalced(mdp)) continue;
       chged = TRUE;

       /* if no params mark as done */
       if (mdp->mprmnum == 0)
        {
         mdp->mod_parms_gd = TRUE;
         continue;
        }
       /* LOOKATME - always recalculate since can't detect if recalced */
       /* if no instance have pound params, does no extra checking */
       /* but can't call if top mod */
       /* AIV 09/27/06 - no need to recalc local params here */
       if (mdp->minstnum != 0) recalc_1mod_pndparams(mdp);

       /* AIV 09/27/06 - must recalc all params/local parms/task local parm */
       /* after any pound param recalc done, can set params to final vals */
       recalc_1mod_params(mdp, mdp->mprms, mdp->mprmnum);
       /* recalc all the localparams */
       recalc_1mod_params(mdp, mdp->mlocprms, mdp->mlocprmnum);
       /* recalc all the task localparams */
       for (tskp = mdp->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
        {
         recalc_1mod_params(mdp, tskp->tsk_locprms, tskp->tlocprmnum);
        }

       /* now all parameters in this module set to good final value */
       mdp->mod_parms_gd = TRUE;
      }
    }
   if (all_done) break;
   /* if pass with no progress, internal error */
   if (!chged) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }
}

/*
 * recalc all params for one module
 *
 * know all parameters set by pound and/or def params have right value
 */
static void recalc_1mod_params(struct mod_t *mdp, struct net_t *mprms,
 int32 num)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 int32 wlen;
 word32 *wp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;
 struct expr_t *xp, **xtab;

 for (pi = 0; pi < num; pi++)
  {
   np = &(mprms[pi]);

   /* if rhs does not contain any parameter, or parameter set by defparam */
   /* that removes the rhs expr, no need to recalculate */
   /* SJM 03/01/04 - if rhs set by defparam also can't recalc */
   if (!np->nu.ct->p_rhs_has_param || np->nu.ct->p_setby_defpnd) continue;

   wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
   /* case 1: param representation IS expr form */
   if (np->nu.ct->parm_srep == SR_PISXPR)
    {
     if (np->srep == SR_PNUM)
      {
       /* change to is num - not sure if can happen */
       __my_free((char *) np->nva.wp, 2*WRDBYTES*wlen);
       np->srep = SR_PISNUM;
       np->nva.wp = (word32 *) __my_malloc(2*WRDBYTES*wlen*mdp->flatinum);
      }
     else if (np->srep != SR_PISNUM) __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* eval expr for every inst */
     xtab = np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d4x;
     for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
      {
       __push_itstk(mdp->moditps[ii]);
       xp = xtab[ii];
       xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);

       /* SJM 04/09/02 - need to also convert to/from real to match net */
       if (xp->is_real && np->ntyp != N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(xsp);
         if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
        }
       else if (!xp->is_real && np->ntyp == N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(xsp, (xp->is_real == 1));
        }
       else if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);

       wp = &(np->nva.wp[ii*2*wlen]);
       memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
       __pop_xstk();
       __pop_itstk();
      }
     continue;
    }
   if (np->nu.ct->parm_srep == SR_PXPR)
    {
     /* case 2: rhs expr non IS */
     if (np->srep == SR_PNUM)
      {
       xp = np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d1x;
       /* if any IS PNUM params on rhs, must also chg this to IS */
       if (xpr_has_is_param(xp))
        {
         __my_free((char *) np->nva.wp, 2*WRDBYTES*wlen);
         np->srep = SR_PISNUM;
         np->nva.wp = (word32 *)
         __my_malloc(2*WRDBYTES*wlen*mdp->flatinum);
         set_parmval_from_isxpr(np, xp, mdp);
         continue;
        }
       /* case 2a: both non IS - any inst context works */
       __push_itstk(mdp->moditps[0]);
       xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);
       /* SJM 04/09/02 - need to also convert to/from real to match net */
       if (xp->is_real && np->ntyp != N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(xsp);
         if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
        }
       else if (!xp->is_real && np->ntyp == N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(xsp, (xp->is_real == 1));
        }
       else if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);

       wp = np->nva.wp;
       memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
       __pop_xstk();
       __pop_itstk();
       continue;
      }
     if (np->srep == SR_PISNUM)
      {
       /* SJM 04/09/02 - LOOKATME - can this case ever happen? */
       /* case 2b: param value IS but only one expr non IS) */
       /* only one value - can use any itree loc to eval */
       xp = np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.d1x;

       /* case 2a: both non IS - any inst context works */
       __push_itstk(mdp->moditps[0]);
       xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);
       /* SJM 04/09/02 - need to also convert to/from real to match net */
       if (xp->is_real && np->ntyp != N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(xsp);
         if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
        }
       else if (!xp->is_real && np->ntyp == N_REAL)
        {
         __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(xsp, (xp->is_real == 1));
        }
       else if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
       __pop_itstk();

       /* set same value for each */
       for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
        {
         wp = &(np->nva.wp[ii*2*wlen]);
         memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
        }
       __pop_xstk();
       continue;
      }
     __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
    }
   /* if this param changed by pound/def, bit may be on but now number */
  }
}

/*
 * recalculate all pound that are set by instances instantiating this mod
 *
 * new pound params calculation never requires - to IS or size/type change
 */
static void recalc_1mod_pndparams(struct mod_t *mdp)
{
 register int32 ii, pi;
 int32 wlen;
 word32 *wp;
 struct itree_t *itp, *up_itp;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct expr_t *pxp;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
  {
   itp = mdp->moditps[ii];
   ip = itp->itip;
   if (ip->ipxprtab == NULL) continue;

   if (itp->up_it == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   up_itp = itp->up_it;
   /* if not pound params for this containing inst, nothing to do */

   /* must push since converts need down mod itree loc */
   __push_itstk(itp);
   for (pi = 0; pi < mdp->mprmnum; pi++)
    {
     np = &(mdp->mprms[pi]);

     pxp = ip->ipxprtab[pi];
     /* explicit form with this one unused or short list */
     if (pxp == NULL) continue;
     /* if pound param high conn expr does not contain param, nothing to do */
     /* SJM 03/01/04 - if rhs set by defparam can't recalc */
     if (!__xpr_has_param(pxp) || np->nu.ct->p_setby_defpnd)
      continue;

     /* eval in up and know then any parameters used in expr */
     __push_itstk(up_itp);
     xsp = __eval_xpr(pxp);
     __pop_itstk();

     /* SJM 04/09/02 - need to also convert to/from real to match net */
     if (pxp->is_real && np->ntyp != N_REAL)
      {
       __cnv_stk_fromreal_toreg32(xsp);
       if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);
      }
     else if (!pxp->is_real && np->ntyp == N_REAL)
      {
       __cnv_stk_fromreg_toreal(xsp, (pxp->is_real == 1));
      }
     else if (np->nwid != xsp->xslen) __sizchgxs(xsp, np->nwid);

     /* if parameter set by pound param, it must be IS */
     wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
     if (np->srep == SR_PNUM)
      {
       /* SJM 03/01/04 - non IS form ok here for array of insts case */
       /* ??? if (mdp->flatinum > 1) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__); */
       memcpy(np->nva.wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
      }
     else if (np->srep == SR_PISNUM)
      {
       wp = &(np->nva.wp[ii*2*wlen]);
       memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
      }
     __pop_xstk();
    }
   __pop_itstk();
  }
}

/*
 * return T if parameter rhs expr contains IS rep param
 */
static int32 xpr_has_is_param(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct sy_t *syp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct expr_t *fandp;

 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
  case NUMBER: case REALNUM: case ISNUMBER: case ISREALNUM: return(FALSE);
  case ID:
   syp = ndp->lu.sy;
   if (!syp->sydecl || syp->sytyp != SYM_N) return(FALSE);
   np = syp->el.enp;
   if (np->n_isaparam && np->srep == SR_PISNUM) return(TRUE);
   return(FALSE);
  case GLBREF: return(FALSE);
  case FCALL:
   for (fandp = ndp->ru.x; fandp != NULL; fandp = fandp->ru.x)
    {
     /* LOOKATME - even if real param not allowed arg to const systf */
     /* can be real */
     if (xpr_has_is_param(fandp->lu.x)) return(TRUE);
    }
   return(FALSE);
 }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL) if (xpr_has_is_param(ndp->lu.x)) return(TRUE);
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL) if (xpr_has_is_param(ndp->ru.x)) return(TRUE);
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * return T all paramters known in modules that use pound params to set
 * params in this module
 *
 */
static int32 all_parent_mods_recalced(struct mod_t *mdp)
{
 register int32 ii;
 struct itree_t *itp;

 /* if mod has no params trivially true */
 if (mdp->mprmnum == 0) return(TRUE);
 /* if top mod, obviously T */
 if (mdp->minstnum == 0) return(TRUE);

 for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
  {
   itp = mdp->moditps[ii];
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (itp->up_it == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* -- */
   if (!itp->up_it->itip->imsym->el.emdp->mod_parms_gd) return(FALSE);
  }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * set param value (nva) for P IS NUM net from one expr
 */
static void set_parmval_from_isxpr(struct net_t *np, struct expr_t *xp,
 struct mod_t *mdp)
{
 register int32 ii;
 int32 wlen;
 word32 *wp;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 wlen = wlen_(np->nwid);
 for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->flatinum; ii++)
  {
   __push_itstk(mdp->moditps[ii]);
   /* need to re-eval for every inst */
   xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);
   /* SJM 09/29/03 - change to handle sign extension and separate types */
   if (xsp->xslen > np->nwid) __narrow_sizchg(xsp, np->nwid);
   else if (xsp->xslen < np->nwid)
    {
     if (xp->has_sign) __sgn_xtnd_widen(xsp, np->nwid);
     else __sizchg_widen(xsp, np->nwid);
    }

   wp = &(np->nva.wp[ii*2*wlen]);
   memcpy(wp, xsp->ap, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES);
   __pop_xstk();
   __pop_itstk();
  }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO FIND PORT CONNECTED AS INOUTS AND CHG DIR OR EMIT WARN
 */

/*
 * routine to set driver bits for nets
 * if driven by internal instance output port up drvr, set iconn driver bit
 * if driven by module input port down drvr, set mdprt driver bit
 * for all other drivers set inmod driver bit
 *
 * SJM 05/23/01 - now using per bit algorithm because otherwise can't
 * detect shorted ports or 2nd iconn that is wrong direction driver
 */
extern void __set_drvr_bits(void)
{
 register int32 pi, ii, gi;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 int32 ptyp, pnum;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *mdp, *imdp;
 struct gate_t *gp;
 struct conta_t *cap;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   __push_wrkitstk(mdp, 0);

   /* first process all instances in module to set the high conn iconns */
   for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->minum; ii++)
    {
     ip = &(mdp->minsts[ii]);
     imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
     if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) continue;

     for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
      {
       mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
       xp = ip->ipins[pi];
       ptyp = mpp->mptyp;

       /* for inout always marks high conn tran drvr */
       if (ptyp == IO_BID) set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_NON_PORT,
        ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt);
       else if (ptyp == IO_OUT) set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_ICONN,
        ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt);
      }
    }

   /* next gates including udps */
   for (gi = 0; gi < mdp->mgnum; gi++)
    {
     /* if this is array of gates, will cause direction chg to inout */
     /* SJM 05/23/01 - FIXME - should unwind these and not change */
     gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi]);
     switch ((byte) gp->g_class) {
      case GC_PULL:
       /* one gate all drivers can have multiple pins */
       for (pi = 0; pi < (int32) gp->gpnum; pi++)
        {
         xp = gp->gpins[pi];
         /* pull will force change to inoutk so tran type */
         set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
          gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
        }
       break;
      case GC_TRAN:
       /* both terminals of tran, need drvr field set */
       set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(gp->gpins[0], DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
        gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
       set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(gp->gpins[1], DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
        gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
       break;
      case GC_TRANIF:
       /* first two  terminals of tranif, need drvr field set */
       set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(gp->gpins[0], DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
        gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
       set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(gp->gpins[1], DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
        gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
       break;
      default:
       /* for gate/udp, unless output unc. set drv type field in conn net */
       /* if output unc. (OPEMPTY), chges are not seen (do not propagate) */
       if (gp->gpins[0]->optyp == OPEMPTY) continue;
       set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(gp->gpins[0], DRVR_NON_PORT, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind,
        gp->gsym->sylin_cnt);
     }
    }
   for (cap = mdp->mcas; cap != NULL; cap = cap->pbcau.canxt)
    {
     set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(cap->lhsx, DRVR_NON_PORT, cap->casym->syfnam_ind,
      cap->casym->sylin_cnt);
    }

   /* LOOKATME - for top level module ports, still setting */
   /* module ports (low conns) */
   pnum = mdp->mpnum;
   for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
    {
     mpp = &(mdp->mpins[pi]);
     xp = mpp->mpref;
     ptyp = mpp->mptyp;
     /* for inout always marks low conn tran drvr */
     if (ptyp == IO_BID) set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_NON_PORT,
      mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt);
     else if (ptyp == IO_IN) set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_MDPRT,
      mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt);
    }
   __pop_wrkitstk();
  }
 /* FIXME - not using tf_ drivers to change module port direction */
 /* think this is right since not really structural drivers" */
}

/*
 * set lhs lvalue expr driver bits (i.e. know will be lvalue expr)
 */
static void set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(struct expr_t *xp, int32 drvr_typ, int32 fnind,
 int32 flcnt)
{
 int32 ri1, ri2;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct expr_t *idndp, *catxp;

 ri1 = ri2 = -1;
 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF:
   if (xp->lu.sy->sytyp != SYM_N)
    {
     /* SJM 11/12/01 - must catch syntax error of using non net as port */
     /* iconn connection */
     /* actual error will be found during pass 2 - needed for port coerce */
     __gferr(3415, fnind, flcnt,
      "lllegal declarative lvalue %s - see detailed pass 2 error",
      __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
     __pv_err_cnt--;
     return;
    }
   np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case NUMBER: case ISNUMBER: case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM: case OPEMPTY:
   return;
  case LSB:
   idndp = xp->lu.x;
   np = idndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* SJM 09/24/01 - if syntax err where selecting from non vector emit */
   /* error and do not set drive type */
   if (np->nsym->sytyp != SYM_N || !np->n_isavec)
    {
     __gferr(3412, fnind, flcnt,
      "attempt to bit select from non vector %s", np->nsym->synam);
     return;
    }
   ri1 = ri2 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x, fnind, flcnt);
   /* SJM 07/07/03 - for illegal negative index, can't set bit drvr types */
   if (ri1 == -2) return;
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   idndp = xp->lu.x;
   np = idndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (np->nsym->sytyp != SYM_N || !np->n_isavec)
    {
     __gferr(3412, fnind, flcnt,
      "attempt to part select from non vector %s", np->nsym->synam);
     return;
    }
   /* notice need to eval these const exprs since not folded yet */
   ri1 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x->lu.x, fnind, flcnt);
   ri2 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x->ru.x, fnind, flcnt);
   /* SJM 07/07/03 - for illegal negative index, can't set bit drvr types */
   if (ri1 == -2 || ri2 == -2) return;
   break;
  case LCB:
   for (catxp = xp->ru.x; catxp != NULL; catxp = catxp->ru.x)
    { set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(catxp->lu.x, drvr_typ, fnind, flcnt); }
   return;
  default:
   /* SJM 10/22/01 - need to flag problem but not count as error since */
   /* actual error will be found during pass 2 - needed for port coerce */
   __gferr(3415, fnind, flcnt, "lllegal declarative lvalue %s - see detailed pass 2 error",
    __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
   __pv_err_cnt--;
   return;
 }
 if (np->n_isavec) set_vec_drvr_type(np, ri1, ri2, drvr_typ);
 else set_scalar_drvr_type(np, drvr_typ);
}

/*
 * compute a known constant expr numeric index before elaboration and folding
 * notice since constants not yet folded, must normalize constants too
 */
static int32 comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(struct net_t *np, struct expr_t *xp,
 int32 fnind, int32 flcnt)
{
 int32 nni1, nni2, biti, biti2, prtxpr_rng_bad;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 if (!is_nonis_const_expr(xp)) return(-1);

 xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);
 /* if wide or x/z, be pessimistic and assume all of range (i.e. out of rng) */
 if (xsp->xslen > WBITS || xsp->bp[0] != 0)
  { __pop_xstk(); return(-1); }
 biti2 = (int32) xsp->ap[0];
 __pop_xstk();

 /* SJM 04/07/23 - nx1 may not be set for nets decl from implicit connect */
 if (np->nu.ct->nx1 == NULL || np->nu.ct->nx2 == NULL)
  {
   biti = -1;
  }
 else
  {
   nni1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
   nni2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];
   /* SJM 07/31/03 - because port drivers are needed before ranges set */
   /* must make sure that mod port expr constant selects are in range */
   /* notice - not yet normalized to h:0 */
   prtxpr_rng_bad = FALSE;
   if (nni1 >= nni2)
    { if (biti2 > nni1 || biti2 < nni2) prtxpr_rng_bad  = TRUE; }
   else { if (biti2 < nni1 || biti2 > nni2) prtxpr_rng_bad = TRUE; }
   if (prtxpr_rng_bad)
    {
     __gferr(3415, fnind, flcnt,
      "module port expression select range index %d outside net range [%d:%d] - can't fix",
      biti2, nni1, nni2);
     return(-2);
    }

   if (nni1 < 0 || nni2 < 0 || biti2 < 0)
    {
     __gferr(3415, fnind, flcnt, "lllegal negative port declaration range");
     return(-2);
    }
   biti = normalize_ndx_(biti2, nni1, nni2);
  }
 return(biti);
}

/*
 * check to see if an expressions is pre elaboration non IS constant
 * no folding before here and selects legal providing no variables appear
 */
static int32 is_nonis_const_expr(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 np = NULL;
 if (__isleaf(ndp))
  {
   if (ndp->optyp == ID)
    {
     if (ndp->lu.sy->sytyp != SYM_N) return(FALSE);
     np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (!np->n_isaparam) return(FALSE);
    }
   if (ndp->optyp == GLBREF) return(FALSE);
   /* here IS number is non constant */
   if (ndp->optyp == ISNUMBER) return(FALSE);

   /* SJM 05/19/04 - because of driver bit setting needed to do later */
   /* expr checking - only for parameters expr size not yet set */
   /* therefore set it to parameter width here as kludge - value will be */
   /* right but will be set again later */
   if (ndp->optyp == ID && ndp->szu.xclen == 0)
    {
     ndp->szu.xclen = np->nwid;
    }

   return(TRUE);
  }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL)
  { if (!is_nonis_const_expr(ndp->lu.x)) return(FALSE); }
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL)
  { if (!is_nonis_const_expr(ndp->ru.x)) return(FALSE); }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * set scalar driver type - know never passed drvr none
 */
static void set_scalar_drvr_type(struct net_t *np, int32 drvr_typ)
{
 /* if current state drvr none, set to passed new state */
 if (np->n_drvtyp == DRVR_NONE) { np->n_drvtyp = drvr_typ; return; }

 /* otherwide set to real driver - any 2nd driver becomes non port where */
 /* always need to change to inout if possible */
 np->n_drvtyp = DRVR_NON_PORT;
}

/*
 * set driver type - know never passed drvr none
 * if ri1 -1, then entire range - know ranges normalized before here
 */
static void set_vec_drvr_type(struct net_t *np, int32 ri1, int32 ri2, int32 drvr_typ)
{
 register int32 ri, bi;
 int32 nni1, nni2, wid;

 /* range convert to constants but not normalized by here */
 nni1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
 nni2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];
 wid = ((nni1 >= nni2) ? (nni1 - nni2 + 1) : (nni2 - nni1 + 1));
 /* allocate per bit drv state if needed */
 if (np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp == NULL)
  {
   np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp = (byte *) __my_malloc(wid);
   for (bi = 0; bi < wid; bi++) np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[bi] = DRVR_NONE;
  }

 if (ri1 == -1) { ri1 = wid - 1; ri2 = 0; }
 for (ri = ri1; ri >= ri2; ri--)
  {
   /* if current state drvr none, set to passed new state */
   if (np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[ri] == DRVR_NONE)
    { np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[ri] = drvr_typ; continue; }
   /* otherwide set to real driver - any 2nd driver becomes non port where */
   /* always need to change to inout if possible */
   np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[ri] = DRVR_NON_PORT;
  }
}

/*
 * check connection pattern for all input and output ports and change if
 * nd_chg T and return num_chged if any changed (0 if none changed)
 *
 * if input has lowconn driver and highconn is wire lvalue chg to inout
 * if output has highconn driver and lowconn is wire lvalue chg to inout
 *
 * if option not used, emit warning else emit inform if option used
 */
extern void __chk_chg_port_dir(int32 nd_chg)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 int32 pnum, num_chged, sav_num_chged;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *mdp, *imdp;
 struct expr_t *xp;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 for (num_chged = 0;;)
  {
   sav_num_chged = num_chged;
   for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
    {
     /* process for every instance in module */
     for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->minum; ii++)
      {
       ip = &(mdp->minsts[ii]);
       imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
       if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) continue;

       for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
        {
         mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
         /* any up iconn connection to inout is fi>1 here */
         xp = ip->ipins[pi];

         /* SJM 06/01/01 SJM - never change if either hiconn or loconn */
         /* concatenate - idea is that concat is expr so must be declared */
         /* with right direction or assume no backwards driving */
         if (mpp->mpref->optyp == LCB || xp->optyp == LCB) continue;

         /* SJM 11/15/00 - need to emit warnings for connections where */
         /* XL port collapsing may produce wrong result */
         /* case 1: instance input port where down lowconn has drivers */
         if (mpp->mptyp == IO_IN)
          {
           /* SJM 05/23/01 - changeable if both hiconn and loconn decl lval */
           /* and has wrong direction driver(s) */
           /* for port, even if subrange, if any bits in vec, change */
           if (expr_decl_lvalue(mpp->mpref) && expr_decl_lvalue(xp)
            && port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(mpp->mpref, IO_IN, -1, -1,
             mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt))
            {
             if (nd_chg)
              {
               __gfinform(3005, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
                "input port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has lowconn driver(s) - changed to inout from +change_port_type option - otherwise value of %s in %s could differ",
                __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
                __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
                __msgexpr_tostr(s1, xp), mdp->msym->synam);

               mpp->mptyp = IO_BID;
               chg_mpx_to_bid(mpp->mpref);
               set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(mpp->mpref, DRVR_NON_PORT,
                mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt);
               set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_NON_PORT, ip->isym->syfnam_ind,
                ip->isym->sylin_cnt);
               num_chged++;
               continue;
              }
             if (mdp->mgarr != NULL || imdp->mgarr != NULL)
              {
               /* SJM 05/23/01 - if mod has arrays of gates just inform but */
               /* still would change if change port types on */
               __gfinform(3005, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
                "input port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has lowconn driver(s), value of %s in %s may differ from simulators using port collapsing - use +change_port_type for compatibility",
                __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
                __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
                __msgexpr_tostr(s1, xp), mdp->msym->synam);
               continue;
              }

             __gfwarn(3107, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
              "input port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has lowconn driver(s), value of %s in %s may differ from simulators using port collapsing - use +change_port_type for compatibility",
              __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
              __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
              __msgexpr_tostr(s1, xp), mdp->msym->synam);
            }
           continue;
          }
         if (mpp->mptyp == IO_OUT)
          {
           /* SJM 05/23/01 - changeable if both hiconn and loconn decl lval */
           /* and has wrong direction driver(s) */
           /* for output if bsel or psel, need range but decomposed here */
           if (expr_decl_lvalue(mpp->mpref) && expr_decl_lvalue(xp)
            && port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(xp, IO_OUT, -1, -1,
            mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt))
            {
             if (nd_chg)
              {
               __gfinform(3004, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
                "output port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has highconn driver(s) - changed to inout from +change_port_type option - otherwise value of %s in %s could differ",
               __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
               __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
               __msgexpr_tostr(s1, mpp->mpref), imdp->msym->synam);

               mpp->mptyp = IO_BID;
               chg_mpx_to_bid(mpp->mpref);
               set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(mpp->mpref, DRVR_NON_PORT,
                mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt);
               set_lhs_expr_drvrtyp(xp, DRVR_NON_PORT, ip->isym->syfnam_ind,
                ip->isym->sylin_cnt);
               num_chged++;
               continue;
              }
             if (mdp->mgarr != NULL || imdp->mgarr != NULL)
              {
               /* SJM 05/23/01 - if mod has arrays of gates just inform but */
               /* still would change if change port types on */
               __gfinform(3005, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
              "output port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has highconn driver(s), value of %s in %s may differ from simulators using port collapsing - use +change_port_type for compatibility",
              __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
              __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
              __msgexpr_tostr(s1, mpp->mpref), imdp->msym->synam);
               continue;
              }
             __gfwarn(3108, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
              "output port %s (pos. %d) of instance at %s has highconn driver(s), value of %s in %s may differ from simulators using port collapsing - use +change_port_type for compatibility",
              __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1,
              __bld_lineloc(__xs2, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt),
              __msgexpr_tostr(s1, mpp->mpref), imdp->msym->synam);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
   /* if none changed, done - else try to find more */
   if (sav_num_chged == num_chged) break;
  }
 if (nd_chg && __verbose)
  {
   __cv_msg(
    "  %d input and/or output ports that are connected as inout changed to inout.\n",
    num_chged);
  }
 free_design_ndrvrs();
}

/*
 * return T if expression has (can have) wrong direction drivers
 * for input port, expect down mod port expr to have only MD PRT driver
 * for output port, expect up iconn expr to have only up iconn driver
 *
 * this is run before tran channels built
 * never called for ports already inouts or that can't be changed to inout
 */
static int32 port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(struct expr_t *xp, int32 pdir, int32 ri1,
 int32 ri2, int32 fnind, int32 flcnt)
{
 register struct expr_t *catndp;
 int32 elem_lval, has_drvrs, max_drv_state;
 struct net_t *np;

 /* SJM 07/07/03 - if neg range error - can't check dir - error later */
 /* SJM 07/16/03 - for non vector expect ri2 to be -1 - can't check for */
 /* negative range */
 if (ri1 < -1 || ri2 < -1) return(FALSE);

 if (__isleaf(xp))
  {
   if (xp->optyp == ID || xp->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     /* if not wire, does not have wrong dir driver */
     if (np->ntyp >= NONWIRE_ST) return(FALSE);

     if (np->n_isavec) max_drv_state = find_max_rng_drvr_state(np, ri1, ri2);
     else max_drv_state = np->n_drvtyp;

     /* if no drivers, can't be wrong direction */
     if (max_drv_state == DRVR_NONE) return(FALSE);

     /* if has non port (inout non port here), always has wrog dir */
     if (max_drv_state == DRVR_NON_PORT) return(TRUE);

     if (pdir == IO_IN)
      {
       /* if input port, wrong direction is non port or 1 up iconn driver */
       if (max_drv_state != DRVR_MDPRT) return(TRUE);
      }
     else if (pdir == IO_OUT)
      {
       /* if output port, wrong direction is non port or 1 down mdprt drvr */
       if (max_drv_state != DRVR_ICONN) return(TRUE);
      }
     else __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     return(FALSE);
    }
   /* if leaf, non id or global, can't have drivers */
   return(FALSE);
  }
 /* arithmetic/logic operators exprs or fcalls can't have drivers */
 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  /* for selects, ignore select expr. */
  case LSB:
   /* if not lvalue, never need to change */
   if (!__is_const_expr(xp->ru.x)) return(FALSE);
   /* if port is input, any driver (even outside bsel) still need dir chg */
   if (pdir == IO_IN) ri1 = -1;
   else
    {
     np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     ri1 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x, fnind, flcnt);
     /* SJM 07/07/03 - if illegal neg rng - treat as right dir */
     if (ri1 == -2) return(FALSE);
    }
   if (port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(xp->lu.x, pdir, ri1, ri1, fnind,
    flcnt)) return(TRUE);
   return(FALSE);
  case PARTSEL:
   /* if port is input, any driver (even outside sel) still need dir chg */
   if (pdir == IO_IN) ri1 = ri2 = -1;
   else
    {
     np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     ri1 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x->lu.x, fnind, flcnt);
     ri2 = comp_pre_elab_norm_con_ndx(np, xp->ru.x->ru.x, fnind, flcnt);
     /* SJM 07/07/03 - if illegal neg rng - treat as right dir */
     if (ri1 == -2 || ri2 == -2) return(FALSE);
    }
   if (port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(xp->lu.x, pdir, ri1, ri2, fnind, flcnt))
    return(TRUE);
   return(FALSE);
  case LCB:
   /* if any component has drivers and all are decl lvals, then T */
   has_drvrs = FALSE;
   elem_lval = TRUE;
   for (catndp = xp->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
    {
     /* if any expr has drivers and no regs, then concat can have drvrs */
     if (port_expr_has_wrong_dir_drvr(catndp->lu.x, pdir, -1, -1, fnind,
      flcnt)) has_drvrs = TRUE;
     /* if not decl lvalue, concat can't be decl lvalue either */
     if (!expr_decl_lvalue(catndp->lu.x)) elem_lval = FALSE;
    }
   if (has_drvrs && elem_lval) return(TRUE);
   break;
  default: break;
 }
 /* if not an lvalue, can't be changed to inout */
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * compute maximum driver state of expr
 * for module will always be entire expr, for up iconn may be for subrange
 *
 * if entire range -1, else normalized range
 * only called for vectors
 */
static int32 find_max_rng_drvr_state(struct net_t *np, int32 ri1, int32 ri2)
{
 register int32 bi;
 int32 max_drvr_state, nni1, nni2, wid;

 nni1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
 nni2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];
 wid = ((nni1 >= nni2) ? (nni1 - nni2 + 1) : (nni2 - nni1 + 1));
 max_drvr_state = DRVR_NONE;
 if (ri1 == -1) { ri1 = wid - 1; ri2 = 0; }
 for (bi = ri1; bi >= ri2; bi--)
  {
   /* if current driver state, max. hard non port (maybe inout), found max */
   if (np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[bi] == DRVR_NON_PORT)
    { max_drvr_state = DRVR_NON_PORT; break; }

   /* if this one is driver none, nothing to do */
   if (max_drvr_state == DRVR_NONE) continue;

   /* if max same as this one, nothing to do */
   if (np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp[bi] == max_drvr_state) continue;

   /* if this one, non inout port, know will be different so set to max */
   max_drvr_state = DRVR_NON_PORT;
   break;
  }
 return(max_drvr_state);
}

/*
 * check to see if an expressions is constant
 *
 * no folding and selects legal providing no variables appear
 */
extern int32 __is_const_expr(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if (__isleaf(ndp))
  {
   if (ndp->optyp == ID)
    {
     if (ndp->lu.sy->sytyp != SYM_N) return(FALSE);
     np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (!np->n_isaparam) return(FALSE);
    }
   if (ndp->optyp == GLBREF) return(FALSE);
   return(TRUE);
  }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL) { if (!__is_const_expr(ndp->lu.x)) return(FALSE); }
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL) { if (!__is_const_expr(ndp->ru.x)) return(FALSE); }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * return T if expr is decl lvalue
 * only if decl lvalue high conn and low conn can be changed to inout port
 */
static int32 expr_decl_lvalue(struct expr_t *xp)
{
 struct expr_t *catndp;
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF:
   np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* reg is not decl lvalue */
   if (np->ntyp < NONWIRE_ST) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case LSB:
   /* declarative lvalue only if constant expr */
   /* SJM 05/23/01 - at this point const exprs not folded */
   if (!__is_const_expr(xp->ru.x)) return(FALSE);
   np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* only wire is decl lvalue */
   if (np->ntyp < NONWIRE_ST) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* only wire is decl lvalue */
   if (np->ntyp < NONWIRE_ST) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case LCB:
   /* if any element of concat not decl lvalue, concat can't be changed */
   for (catndp = xp->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
    {
     if (!expr_decl_lvalue(catndp->lu.x)) return(FALSE);
    }
   return(TRUE);
  default: break;
 }
 /* if not an lvalue, can't be changed to inout */
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * routine to change IO type of all port expr contaned nets
 * know will be lvalue or will not be called
 */
static void chg_mpx_to_bid(struct expr_t *mpx)
{
 register struct expr_t *catndp;
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) mpx->optyp) {
   case ID: case GLBREF:
    np = mpx->lu.sy->el.enp;
    np->iotyp = IO_BID;
    break;
   case LSB: case PARTSEL:
    chg_mpx_to_bid(mpx->lu.x);
    break;
   case LCB:
    for (catndp = mpx->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
     { chg_mpx_to_bid(catndp->lu.x); }
    break;
   default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }
}

/*
 * free all vector rng reps in design - never attached for task vars
 */
static void free_design_ndrvrs(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register int32 ni;
 register struct net_t *np;
 int32 nni1, nni2, wid;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   /* only free for wires, regs and task vars never pb drv fields */
   for (np = &(mdp->mnets[0]), ni = 0; ni < mdp->mnnum; ni++, np++)
    {
     if (!np->n_isavec) continue;

     if (np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp != NULL)
      {
       nni1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
       nni2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];
       wid = ((nni1 >= nni2) ? (nni1 - nni2 + 1) : (nni2 - nni1 + 1));
       __my_free((char *) np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp, wid);
       np->nu.ct->n_pb_drvtyp = NULL;
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO SET TIME SCALE VALUES
 */

/*
 * process module and design timescales
 * this is needed before any conversion of delay constant expressions
 * to ticks
 * notice storing inverse so higher value is smaller time
 */
extern void __process_timescales(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;

 /* notice implied - so 0 is max 1 sec. (10**-0 secs.) */
 /* larger units is shorter tick */
 __des_timeprec = 0;
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   if (mdp->mtime_units + mdp->mtime_prec > __des_timeprec)
    __des_timeprec = mdp->mtime_units + mdp->mtime_prec;
  }
 /* unless set %t time format defaults to ticks */
 __tfmt_units = __des_timeprec;

 /* next mark all modules with des time units - no scaling needed */
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   if (mdp->mtime_units == __des_timeprec) mdp->mno_unitcnv = TRUE;
  }
 bld_timstr_vals();
}

/*
 * routine to build "absolute time" multiplier and suffix for to_timstr
 * message times
 */
static void bld_timstr_vals(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;

 strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, "");
 __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
 __nd_timstr_suf = FALSE;
 /* if module has scaled time timstr values need suffix and multiplier */
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   /* if not no unit conversion need absolute times */
   if (!mdp->mno_unitcnv) { __nd_timstr_suf = TRUE; break; }
  }
 /* if all modules have same time unit (no matter what), timstr no units */
 if (!__nd_timstr_suf) return;

 /* if any differ, need absolute units but still not scaled to module */
 /* i.e. value will be absolute time of tick */
 switch (__des_timeprec) {
  case 0:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " s");
   break;
  case 1:
   __timstr_mult = 100ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ms");
   break;
  case 2:
   __timstr_mult = 10ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ms");
   break;
  case 3:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ms");
   break;
  case 4:
   __timstr_mult = 100ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " us");
   break;
  case 5:
   __timstr_mult = 10ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " us");
   break;
  case 6:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " us");
   break;
  case 7:
   __timstr_mult = 100ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ns");
   break;
  case 8:
   __timstr_mult = 10ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ns");
   break;
  case 9:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ns");
   break;
  case 10:
   __timstr_mult = 100ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ps");
   break;
  case 11:
   __timstr_mult = 10ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ps");
   break;
  case 12:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " ps");
   break;
  case 13:
   __timstr_mult = 100ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " fs");
   break;
  case 14:
   __timstr_mult = 10ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " fs");
   break;
  case 15:
   __timstr_mult = 1ULL;
   strcpy(__timstr_unitsuf, " fs");
   break;
 default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO MARK PARAMS THAT EFFECT EXPRESSION WIDTHS
 */

/*
 * mark all parameters that are in ranges or cats (or port def. psels)
 *
 * called first time when module is target of xmr defparam that needs to
 * be split
 *
 * this marks all param net_t's that can effect width so that splitting is
 * needed but unless actual xmr defparam marked, does not cause splitting
 */
extern void __mark_widdet_params(struct mod_t *pmdp)
{
 struct task_t *tskp;

 /* check all wire and array declaration ranges - mark any param there */
 inrnges_mark_params(pmdp->msymtab);

 /* task list contains all symbols in task but if has named blocks */
 /* symbols declared there will be checked in its task on list */
 for (tskp = pmdp->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
  inrnges_mark_params(tskp->tsksymtab);

 /* for all modules since checked before splitting port header range */
 /* params already marked */

 /* finally find all psel params in any expressions */
 /* insts, contas, task/functions, statements */
 /* also any bit select expression connecting to output or inout port */
 psel_set_allexprs(pmdp);
}

/*
 * mark all parameters in declaration ranges for one symbol table
 *
 * by here know symbol table format frozen form
 * must use symbol table because may not have nets list built when called
 */
static void inrnges_mark_params(struct symtab_t *sytp)
{
 register int32 syi;
 struct sy_t **syms;
 struct sy_t *syp;
 struct net_t *np;

 for (syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
  {
   syp = syms[syi];
   if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;
   np = syp->el.enp;

   /* set in cat or range bit for wire range params */
   if (np->n_isavec)
    {
     __in_xpr_markparam(np->nu.ct->nx1);
     __in_xpr_markparam(np->nu.ct->nx2);
    }
   /* set in cat or range bit for array range params */
   if (np->n_isarr)
    {
     __in_xpr_markparam(np->nu.ct->ax1);
     __in_xpr_markparam(np->nu.ct->ax2);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * set the width determining bit for any wire in expressions
 * caller determined is expression used in width determing place
 *
 * expression not yet checked but just marks IDs that are there
 * may mark wrong internal select params but selects here will cause
 * error later since must be constant expr.
 * any parameter including in "from param" select marked here
 */
extern void __in_xpr_markparam(struct expr_t *xp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if (__isleaf(xp))
  {
   if (xp->optyp == ID && xp->lu.sy->sytyp == SYM_N)
    {
     np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (np->n_isaparam)
      {
       np->nu.ct->n_widthdet = TRUE;
       __inst_mod->mhas_widthdet = TRUE;
      }
    }
   return;
  }
 if (xp->lu.x != NULL) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->lu.x);
 if (xp->ru.x != NULL) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
}

/*
 * mark params in all part selects and CATREP lhs repeat expressions
 * and tran out bit select ranges anywhere in module
 *
 * width determining marked for params used in array of gate or inst
 * ranges - only cause split if marked param a def or pound param and
 * really needs to cause containing module to be split
 */
static void psel_set_allexprs(struct mod_t *pmdp)
{
 register int32 pi, j;
 register struct inst_t *ip;
 register struct gate_t *gp;
 int32 pnum, skip_giarr;
 struct task_t *tskp;
 struct conta_t *cap;
 struct ialst_t *ialp;
 struct expr_t *xp;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct mod_t *down_mdp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct giarr_t *giap;

 /* any part select in module except specify where no defparams possible */
 if ((pnum = pmdp->mpnum) != 0)
  {
   /* mark for module ports */
   for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
    { mpp = &(pmdp->mpins[pi]); inpsel_xpr_markparam(mpp->mpref); }
  }
 giap = NULL;
 for (j = 0; j < pmdp->minum; j++)
  {
   ip = &(pmdp->minsts[j]);
   /* for array of instances, need master ip in giarr */
   if (pmdp->miarr != NULL && (giap = pmdp->miarr[j]) != NULL)
    skip_giarr = TRUE;
   else skip_giarr = FALSE;

   down_mdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
   for (pi = 0; pi < (int32) down_mdp->mpnum; pi++)
    {
     xp = ip->ipins[pi];
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (xp == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */

     /* this will mark any part select even those that for arrays of insts */
     /* become bit selects */
     inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp);

     /* instance connection bit selects to inout or output ports must be */
     /* width det because effects tran channels */
     mpp = &(down_mdp->mpins[pi]);
     if (xp->optyp == LSB)
      {
       /* 05/19/01 SJM - for input and output that are param bsel from net */
       /* must mark as splittable if relevant param passed down */
       if (mpp->mptyp == IO_IN)
        {
         /* 06/01/01 SJM - if XMR, must always mark */
         if (xp->lu.x->optyp != ID) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
         else
          {
           np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
           if (np->ntyp < NONWIRE_ST) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
          }
         continue;
        }
       if (mpp->mptyp == IO_BID || mpp->mptyp == IO_OUT)
        __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
      }
    }
   /* routine always called after inst arrays expanded into per bit but */
   /* before connections apportioned to each expanded inst. - just do first */
   if (skip_giarr)
    {
     /* DBG remove -- */
     if (!giap->gia_xpnd) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     if (giap->gia_bi != j) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */
     j += __get_giarr_wide(giap) - 1;
    }
  }
 for (cap = pmdp->mcas; cap != NULL; cap = cap->pbcau.canxt)
  {
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(cap->lhsx);
   if (cap->lhsx->optyp == LSB)
    {
     /* if conta output could drive path dest. cannot be IS form */
     np = cap->lhsx->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (np->iotyp == IO_OUT || np->iotyp == IO_BID)
      { __in_xpr_markparam(cap->lhsx->ru.x); continue; }
    }
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(cap->rhsx);
  }

 /* bit selects not width determining, except determines tran channel */
 /* for trans */
 /* now gates outputs that are IS form bit selects are ok just not acc. */
 for (j = 0; j < pmdp->mgnum; j++)
  {
   gp = &(pmdp->mgates[j]);

   /* array of gates is only place part select allowed */
   /* any parameter used in part select is potentially width determing */
   /* reason is that for width 1 will be replicated and for other widths */
   /* will be apportioned so must split containing module */
   if (pmdp->mgarr != NULL && (giap = pmdp->mgarr[j]) != NULL)
    {
     skip_giarr = TRUE;
     for (pi = 0; pi < (int32) gp->gpnum; pi++)
      {
       xp = gp->gpins[pi];
       inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp);
      }
    }
   else skip_giarr = FALSE;

   if (gp->g_class != GC_TRAN || gp->g_class == GC_TRANIF)
    {
     if (gp->gpins[0]->optyp == LSB)
      {
       /* 06/01/01 - if connection is xmr can never be port */
       if (gp->gpins[0]->lu.x->optyp != ID) goto nxt_gate;

       /* if gate output could drive path dest. cannot be IS form */
       np = gp->gpins[0]->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;

       if (np->iotyp == IO_OUT || np->iotyp == IO_BID)
        { __in_xpr_markparam(gp->gpins[0]->ru.x); goto nxt_gate; }
      }
     goto nxt_gate;
    }
   /* for trans any bit select in either inout port is width determining */
   xp = gp->gpins[0];
   if (xp->optyp == LSB) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
   /* mark the output bit select range - if present */
   xp = gp->gpins[1];
   if (xp->optyp == LSB) __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);

   /* routine always called after gate arrays expanded into per bit but */
   /* before connections apportioned to each expanded inst. - just do first */
nxt_gate:
   if (skip_giarr)
    {
     /* DBG remove -- */
     if (!giap->gia_xpnd) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     if (giap->gia_bi != j) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */
     j += (__get_giarr_wide(giap) - 1);
    }
  }
 /* notice processing name blocks here not inline */
 for (tskp = pmdp->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
  lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(tskp->tskst);
 /* initial/always can only be stmt here - maybe extra added at prep. */
 for (ialp = pmdp->ialst; ialp != NULL; ialp = ialp->ialnxt)
  lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(ialp->iastp);
 /* notice defparams cannot effect specify section */
}

/*
 * mark all psels in concatenates in any statement expr.
 */
static void stmt_do_inpsel_set(struct st_t *stp)
{
 struct csitem_t *dflt_csip;

 switch ((byte) stp->stmttyp) {
  case S_PROCA: case S_FORASSGN: case S_RHSDEPROCA: case S_NBPROCA:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.spra.lhsx);
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.spra.rhsx);
   break;
  case S_IF:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.sif.condx);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.sif.thenst);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.sif.elsest);
   break;
  case S_CASE:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.scs.csx);
   /* first is always default - st nil if no default */
   dflt_csip = stp->st.scs.csitems;
   csitemlst_do_inpsel_set(dflt_csip->csinxt);
   if (dflt_csip->csist != NULL) lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(dflt_csip->csist);
   break;
  case S_FOREVER:
  case S_WHILE:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.swh.lpx);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_WAIT:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.swait.lpx);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.swait.lpst);
   break;
  case S_REPEAT:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.srpt.repx);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.srpt.repst);
   break;
  case S_FOR:
   {
    struct for_t *frp;

    frp = stp->st.sfor;
    stmt_do_inpsel_set(frp->forassgn);
    inpsel_xpr_markparam(frp->fortermx);
    stmt_do_inpsel_set(frp->forinc);
    lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(frp->forbody);
   }
   break;
  case S_DELCTRL:
   /* do not need to check delay expression - width will resolve to WBITS */
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.sdc->actionst);
   break;
  case S_NAMBLK:
   /* do not need to process here - done when set bits for tasks defs */
   break;
  case S_UNBLK:
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(stp->st.sbsts);
   break;
  case S_UNFJ:
   {
    register int32 fji;
    struct st_t *fjstp;

    for (fji = 0;; fji++)
     {
      if ((fjstp = stp->st.fj.fjstps[fji]) == NULL) break;
      /* SJM 09/24/01 - this can be 2 stmts for for (for assgn then for) */
      lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(fjstp);
     }
   }
   break;
  case S_TSKCALL:
   {
    register struct expr_t *xp;

    for (xp = stp->st.stkc.targs; xp != NULL; xp = xp->ru.x)
     inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp->lu.x);
   }
   break;
  case S_QCONTA:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.sqca->qclhsx);
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx);
   break;
  case S_CAUSE: case S_DSABLE: case S_NULL: case S_STNONE: case S_QCONTDEA:
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
}

/*
 * process each statements of statement list for in psel exprs
 */
static void lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(register struct st_t *stp)
{
 for (; stp != NULL; stp = stp->stnxt) stmt_do_inpsel_set(stp);
}

static void csitemlst_do_inpsel_set(register struct csitem_t *csip)
{
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;

 for (; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    inpsel_xpr_markparam(xplp->xp);
   lstofsts_do_inpsel_set(csip->csist);
  }
}

/*
 * mark any param that is appears inside any part select range
 * as sell as any CATREP repeat count expressions
 *
 * must process every module expr. through here if module target of
 * xmr defparam and multiply instantiated
 * since nested concatenates not yet expanded must handle nesting
 */
static void inpsel_xpr_markparam(struct expr_t *xp)
{
 /* loop statements expr. can be nil */
 if (xp == NULL) return;

 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF: case NUMBER: case ISNUMBER:
  case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM:
   return;
  case PARTSEL:
   __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x->lu.x);
   __in_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x->ru.x);
   return;
  case CATREP:
   inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp->lu.x);
   if (xp->ru.x != NULL) inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
   return;
  }
 /* for here can have expr. like a + {...} inside concat - so descend */
 if (xp->lu.x != NULL) inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp->lu.x);
 if (xp->ru.x != NULL) inpsel_xpr_markparam(xp->ru.x);
}

/*
 * MODULE LEVEL DECLARATION CHECKING ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * check undefined symbol and freeze ranges (eval. defparam rhs exprs)
 * must stop if any pass 1 errors before calling this
 */
extern void __chk_1mdecls(void)
{
 register struct task_t *tskp;
 int32 tregbasi;

 chk_undef_syms(__inst_mod->msymtab, MODULE);

 /* this also counts number of regs in tasks and set all nnum fields */
 chkset_1mwire_rnges();

 /* must check task variables before any statement checking because of */
 /* xmrs - notice named blocked included here */
 tregbasi = __inst_mod->mnnum;
 for (tskp = __inst_mod->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
  {
   chk_taskvars(tskp, tregbasi);
   tregbasi += tskp->trnum;
  }

}

/*
 * check all symbols in given table (module/task/func/lab. block)
 * notice this cannot be used to check decl. of specify specparams
 */
static void chk_undef_syms(struct symtab_t *sytp, word32 objttyp)
{
 register int32 syi;
 int32 save_obj;
 struct sy_t *syp;

 __wrkstab = sytp->stsyms;
 save_obj = __cur_declobj;
 __cur_declobj = objttyp;
 for (syi = 0; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
  {
   syp = __wrkstab[syi];
   chk_modsym(syp);
  }
 __cur_declobj = save_obj;
}

/*
 * check one symbol
 */
static void chk_modsym(struct sy_t *syp)
{
 switch ((byte) syp->sytyp) {
  /* params still in symbol table but cannot be undeclared so works */
  case SYM_N:
   if (__cur_declobj == MODULE) chk_1wire(syp->el.enp);
   else chk_1reg(syp->el.enp);
   break;
  case SYM_TSK: case SYM_F: case SYM_STSK: case SYM_SF:
   if (!syp->sydecl)
    __gferr(770, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
     "%s %s not declared", __to_sytyp(__xs, syp->sytyp), syp->synam);
   break;
  /* since non legal in expr. symbol error caught elsewhere */
  case SYM_CA: case SYM_TCHK: case SYM_PTH: break;
  /* things checked elsewhere that can be in mod. sym. table */
  /* and are declared by usage */
  case SYM_I: case SYM_LB: case SYM_UDP: case SYM_PRIM:
  break;
 default:
  /* symbol decl. lost */
  __misc_gfterr(__FILE__, __LINE__, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt);
 }
}

/*
 * check 1 wire - just makes sure declared - must check attributes later
 * wire here just means not in task/func.
 */
static void chk_1wire(struct net_t *np)
{
 struct sy_t *syp;

 syp = np->nsym;
 if (!syp->sydecl)
  {
   if (syp->sytyp == SYM_CA || syp->sytyp == SYM_PTH
   || syp->sytyp == SYM_TCHK)
    {
     __gferr(1147, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
      "constructed internal %s %s may not appear in source - only as run time string",
      __to_sytyp(__xs, syp->sytyp), syp->synam);
     return;
    }
   if (np->iotyp == NON_IO)
    {
     __gferr(771, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
      "wire/reg/event %s not declared", syp->synam);
    }
   else
    __gferr(772, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
     "module definition port %s not declared", syp->synam);
   return;
  }
 /* LOOKATME - what trireg checking needed */
}

/*
 * check 1 task/function/named block wire
 * this can check everything because task declarations all at top
 *
 * this rotine is called through sybmol table checking for tasks
 */
static void chk_1reg(struct net_t *np)
{
 struct sy_t *syp;

 syp = np->nsym;
 if (!syp->sydecl)
  {
   __gferr(773, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
    "task/function/named block reg %s not declared", syp->synam);
   return;
  }
}

/*
 * check and set the module's wire ranges
 *
 * also preprocesses wire delays to simulation form and builds wire tab by
 * copying list elements to table and freeing list
 * notice key is that nothing before here points directly to net
 * always through symbol table which is also updated here
 *
 * routine is passed total number of vars in modules so all vars
 * including task regs are contigous and can be accessed as offset
 * from mod base
 *
 */
static void chkset_1mwire_rnges(void)
{
 register int32 syi, ni;
 register struct sy_t *syp;
 register struct net_t *np;
 int32 dnum, nnum, mvarnum;
 struct sy_t **syms;
 struct symtab_t *sytp;
 struct net_t *ntab, *np2;
 struct paramlst_t *pmp, *dhdr;
 struct task_t *tskp;

 sytp = __inst_mod->msymtab;
 /* count number of nets and store in mod field */
 nnum = 0;
 for (syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
  {
   syp = syms[syi];

   if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;
   np = syp->el.enp;
   if (!np->n_isaparam) nnum++;
  }
 __inst_mod->mnnum = nnum;
 mvarnum = nnum;

 /* then count number of regs in each task - set and keep running total */
 for (tskp = __inst_mod->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
  {
   sytp = tskp->tsksymtab;
   nnum = 0;
   for (syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
    {
     syp = syms[syi];
     if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;
     np = syp->el.enp;
     if (np->n_isaparam) continue;
     nnum++;
    }
   tskp->trnum = nnum;
   mvarnum += nnum;
  }
 /* set total nnumber of vars in module for possible use by dmpv */
 __inst_mod->mtotvarnum = mvarnum;

 ntab = NULL;
 if (mvarnum != 0)
  {
   ntab = (struct net_t *) __my_malloc(mvarnum*sizeof(struct net_t));
  }

 /* SJM 08/30/00 must include task nets here in case only task's have */
 /* declared variables */
 if (__inst_mod->mtotvarnum == 0) return;
 __inst_mod->mnets = ntab;

 /* fixing task vars in ntab later */
 /* point sytp back to mod not task symbol table */
 sytp = __inst_mod->msymtab;
 /* not sure if saved needed here */
 for (ni = 0, syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
  {
   syp = syms[syi];
   if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;

   np = syp->el.enp;
   /* parameters checked elsewhere */
   if (np->n_isaparam) continue;


   np2 = &(ntab[ni]);
   *np2 = *np;
   __my_free((char *) np, sizeof(struct net_t));
   syp->el.enp = np2;
   ni++;
   np = np2;

   /* do not need to save these, never called with previous location */
   __sfnam_ind = np->nsym->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = np->nsym->sylin_cnt;

   chk_wire_rng(np);

   /* LOOKATME - maybe should allow expressions here but lrm says no */
   /* can process expression at this early point since final value */
   /* of all parameters know by here */
   if ((pmp = np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.pdels) != NULL)
    {
     dhdr = __copy_dellst(pmp);
     if ((dnum = __chk_delparams(dhdr, "wire delay", TRUE)) == -1)
      np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.pdels = NULL;
     else
      {
       if (dnum > 3)
        {
         __sgferr(792,
          "wire delay for %s has more then 3 delays (%d)", np->nsym->synam,
          dnum);
         np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.pdels = NULL;
        }
      }
     __free_dellst(dhdr);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * debugging routine to dump net names of all nets in all modules
 */
extern void __dbg_dmpall_nets(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register struct net_t *np;
 register int32 ni;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   __dbg_msg("--- dumping nets for module %s\n", mdp->msym->synam);
   if (mdp->mnnum == 0) continue;
   for (np = &(mdp->mnets[0]), ni = 0; ni < mdp->mnnum; ni++, np++)
    {
     __dbg_msg("  setting symbol %s to point to net %s\n",
      np->nsym->synam, np->nsym->el.enp->nsym->synam);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * STRENGTH PROPOGATION TO WIRES ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * mark wires that need strength storage and all strength expressions
 * notice this is before splitting since strengths structural
 */
extern void __mark_st_wires(void)
{
 /* mark all wires that are strength from type (no wire strength decls) */
 mark_sttypewires();
 /* mark all wires immediately driven by strengths */
 mark_stdr_wires();
 mark_stdr_inout_wired_logic();
 if (__design_no_strens) return;

 /* must build module type levelized table after all splitting */
 /* only used here but not freed since only 4 byte ptr per level */
 /* field in mod_t needed anyway */
 __bld_mlevel_lists();

 /* SJM 10/16/99 - need to keep propagating until no progress */
 /* not sure why this is needed but missing strenght from 4 */
 /* know need 4 for shorted inout ports - why more? */
 for (;;)
  {
   __strenprop_chg = FALSE;
   prop_stsdown();
   /* prop strengths up through mod outs and inouts */
   prop_stsup();
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (__debug_flg) __dbg_msg("  >>> Complete one strength marking pass.\n");
   /* --- */
   if (!__strenprop_chg) break;
  }
}

/*
 * mark all wires that are strength from decl. type
 * know if module in list - will be in output
 */
static void mark_sttypewires(void)
{
 register int32 syi;
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register struct net_t *np;
 register struct sy_t *syp;
 struct sy_t **syms;
 struct symtab_t *sytp;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   sytp = mdp->msymtab;
   /* table (array) of nets still not built at this point */
   for (syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
    {
     syp = syms[syi];
     if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;
     np = syp->el.enp;

     /* notice N_TRI is just N_WIRE */

     switch ((byte) np->ntyp) {
      /* these are always marked strength */
      case N_TRIREG: case N_TRI0: case N_TRI1: case N_SUPPLY0:
      case N_SUPPLY1:
       np->n_stren = TRUE;
       mdp->mhassts = TRUE;
       __design_no_strens = FALSE;

       /* --- DBG remove
       if (__debug_flg)
        __dbg_msg("++marking direct decl. type wire %s in %s\n", np->nsym->synam,
         mdp->msym->synam);
       --- */

       break;
     }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * for every module mark wire that are driven by strengths
 * notice explicit conta output driving strength is treated as no strength
 * think that may be wrong.
 */
static void mark_stdr_wires(void)
{
 register int32 gi;
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register struct conta_t *cap;
 int32 i, skip_giarr;
 struct gate_t *gp;
 struct giarr_t *giap;

 giap = NULL;
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   for (gi = 0; gi < mdp->mgnum; gi++)
    {
     gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi]);
     if (mdp->mgarr != NULL && (giap = mdp->mgarr[gi]) != NULL)
      skip_giarr = TRUE;
     else skip_giarr = FALSE;

     switch ((byte) gp->g_class) {
      case GC_PULL:
       /* pull all connections */
       for (i = 0; i < (int32) gp->gpnum; i++)
        { mark_stwires(mdp, gp->gpins[i]); }
       break;
      case GC_MOS: case GC_TRAN: case GC_TRANIF: case GC_CMOS:
       /* mos or tran gates first 2 ports only - rest are controls */
       mark_stwires(mdp, gp->gpins[0]);
       mark_stwires(mdp, gp->gpins[1]);
       break;
      case GC_BUFIF:
       /* buffer only output is strength */
       mark_stwires(mdp, gp->gpins[0]);
       break;
      case GC_LOGIC: case GC_UDP:
       /* logic only mark output if has strength */
       if (gp->g_hasst && gp->g_stval != ST_STRVAL)
        mark_stwires(mdp, gp->gpins[0]);
       break;
      }
     if (skip_giarr) gi += (__get_giarr_wide(giap) - 1);
    }
   for (cap = mdp->mcas; cap != NULL; cap = cap->pbcau.canxt)
    {
     if (!cap->ca_hasst || cap->ca_stval == ST_STRVAL) continue;
     /* 1 bit continuous assign not converted to gate at this point */
     mark_stwires(mdp, cap->lhsx);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * routine to mark wires in port highconn or lowconn that have wired logic
 * stren model - needed so will use wire type incremental switch relax proc
 *
 * 04/22/01 SJM - changed so wand/wor in inout port hi/low conn always stren
 */
static void mark_stdr_inout_wired_logic(void)
{
 register int32 ii, pi;
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 int32 pnum;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   /* if inout port and lowconn wor/wand, mark port expr as stren */
   for (pi = 0; pi < mdp->mpnum; pi++)
    {
     mpp = &(mdp->mpins[pi]);
     if (mpp->mptyp != IO_BID) continue;

     if (has_non_stren_wired_net(mpp->mpref))
      mark_stwires(mdp, mpp->mpref);
    }

   /* if iconn highconn wor/wand, mark expr as stren */
   for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->minum; ii++)
    {
     ip = &(mdp->minsts[ii]);
     imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
     if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) continue;

     for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
      {
       mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
       if (mpp->mptyp != IO_BID) continue;

       xp = ip->ipins[pi];
       if (has_non_stren_wired_net(xp)) mark_stwires(imdp, xp);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * return T if inout (lhs) expr, has wand or wor port
 */
static int32 has_non_stren_wired_net(struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 register struct expr_t *catndp;
 register struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) lhsx->optyp) {
  /* SJM 07/10/01 - if later syntax error non lvalues possible here */
  case NUMBER: case ISNUMBER: case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM: case OPEMPTY:
   break;
  case ID: case GLBREF:
   np = lhsx->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (net_type_tri(np->ntyp)) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case LSB: case PARTSEL:
   np = lhsx->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (net_type_tri(np->ntyp)) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case LCB:
   for (catndp = lhsx->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
    {
     if (has_non_stren_wired_net(catndp->lu.x)) return(TRUE);
    }
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * return T if net type is wand or wor (wired logic)
 */
static int32 net_type_tri(word32 ntyp)
{
 switch ((byte) ntyp) {
  case N_TRIOR: case N_WO: case N_TRIAND: case N_WA: return(TRUE);
  default: break;
 }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * check to see if expr has any stren wires, if yes return T else F
 *
 * SJM 06/01/01 - need separate check routine because must return
 * T if any concat el has stren but must always set all elements
 * logic for combined routine was wrong
 */
static int32 chk_hasst_wires(struct mod_t *mdp, struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) lhsx->optyp) {
   /* if global has driven strength - all instances of wire must be */
   /* strength */
  case GLBREF: case ID:
   np = lhsx->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LSB: case PARTSEL:
   /* this is bit select or array index */
   np = lhsx->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LCB:
   {
    register struct expr_t *ndp2;

    /* know lhs concatenates never nested */
    for (ndp2 = lhsx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
     {
      /* if any strength, must other must be marked */
      if (chk_hasst_wires(mdp, ndp2->lu.x)) return(TRUE);
     }
    return(FALSE);
   }
  default: return(FALSE);
 }
 /* know if non wire, n stren never true */
 if (np->n_stren) return(TRUE);
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * for lhs expression driven with strength mark all wires
 * if not good lhs, ignore error caught later
 *
 * SJM 06/01/15 - change so separate mark routine
 */
static void mark_stwires(struct mod_t *mdp, struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) lhsx->optyp) {
   /* if global has driven strength - all instances of wire must be */
   /* strength */
  case GLBREF: case ID:
   np = lhsx->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LSB: case PARTSEL:
   /* this is bit select or array index */
   np = lhsx->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LCB:
   {
    register struct expr_t *ndp2;

    /* know lhs concatenates never nested */
    /* mark all - if some els already marked, does nothing */
    for (ndp2 = lhsx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
     { mark_stwires(mdp, ndp2->lu.x); }
    return;
   }
  default: return;
 }
 /* must be wire to have strength */
 if (np->ntyp >= NONWIRE_ST) return;

 /* SJM 10/15/99 - if mark and already marked, just return T */
 if (!np->n_stren)
  {
   /* --- DBG remove */
   if (__debug_flg)
    __dbg_msg("++marking wire %s in %s\n", np->nsym->synam,
     mdp->msym->synam);
   /* --- */
   np->n_stren = TRUE;
   __strenprop_chg = TRUE;
   mdp->mhassts = TRUE;
   __design_no_strens = FALSE;
  }
}

/*
 * build the levelized module type list
 *
 * this is sometimes called before minsts exists (part of d.s. built)
 */
extern void __bld_mlevel_lists(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp, *last_mdp;
 register int32 mlevel;

 /* then build the by level header table and link same level modules on it */
 if (__mdlevhdr == NULL)
  {
   __mdlevhdr = (struct mod_t **)
    __my_malloc((__dagmaxdist + 1)*sizeof(struct mod_t *));
  }
 /* need to initialize this to nil since may be rebuilt */
 for (mlevel = 0; mlevel <= __dagmaxdist; mlevel++) __mdlevhdr[mlevel] = NULL;
 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt) mdp->mlevnxt = NULL;

 for (mlevel = 0; mlevel <= __dagmaxdist; mlevel++)
  {
   last_mdp = NULL;
   for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
    {
     if (mdp->mlpcnt != mlevel) continue;
     if (last_mdp == NULL) __mdlevhdr[mlevel] = mdp;
     else last_mdp->mlevnxt = mdp;
     last_mdp = mdp;
    }
  }
}

/*
 * propagate strengths down
 *
 * 04/22/01 - changed so inout port either highconn or lowonn wired and or or
 * now both marked as strength
 */
static void prop_stsdown(void)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 register struct mod_t *smdp;
 /* do all max. dag dist. modules first - level 1 has no insts. */
 register struct inst_t *ip;
 int32 mlevel, pnum, skip_giarr;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct giarr_t *giap;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 /* could stop one up (level 2 (1 from bottom)) here */
 giap = NULL;
 for (mlevel = __dagmaxdist; mlevel >= 0; mlevel--)
  {
   for (smdp = __mdlevhdr[mlevel]; smdp != NULL; smdp = smdp->mlevnxt)
    {
     /* even if no strength must still try to propagate down for */
     /* possible unconndrive */
     for (ii = 0; ii < smdp->minum; ii++)
      {
       ip = &(smdp->minsts[ii]);
       if (smdp->miarr != NULL && (giap = smdp->miarr[ii]) != NULL)
        skip_giarr = TRUE;
       else skip_giarr = FALSE;

       imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
       if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) goto nxt_inst;

       for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
        {
	 mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
	 if (mpp->mptyp == IO_OUT) continue;

         xp = ip->ipins[pi];
         /* --- DBG remove
         if (__debug_flg)
          __dbg_msg(
           "++trying to prop stren down from %s (in %s) to %s (in %s)\n",
           __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp), smdp->msym->synam,
           __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, mpp->mpref), imdp->msym->synam);
         --- */

         /* if op empty `unconndrive, must propagate st. down */
         if (xp->optyp == OPEMPTY && xp->unc_pull != NO_UNCPULL)
          { mark_stwires(imdp, mpp->mpref); continue; }

	 /* if port inst. port has strength, propagate down */
         if (chk_hasst_wires(smdp, xp))
	  { mark_stwires(imdp, mpp->mpref); continue; }
	}
nxt_inst:
       /* AIV 08/23/04 - was hanging should be += */
       if (skip_giarr) ii += (__get_giarr_wide(giap) - 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * propagate strengths up
 */
static void prop_stsup(void)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 register struct mod_t *smdp;
 register struct inst_t *ip;
 int32 mlevel, pnum, skip_giarr;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct giarr_t *giap;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 giap = NULL;
 /* start up 1 since propagating from one down to current */
 for (mlevel = 1; mlevel <= __dagmaxdist; mlevel++)
  {
   for (smdp = __mdlevhdr[mlevel]; smdp != NULL; smdp = smdp->mlevnxt)
    {
     /* go through module instances marking down port wires */
     for (ii = 0; ii < smdp->minum; ii++)
      {
       ip = &(smdp->minsts[ii]);
       if (smdp->miarr != NULL && (giap = smdp->miarr[ii]) != NULL)
        skip_giarr = TRUE;
       else skip_giarr = FALSE;

       imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
       if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) goto nxt_inst;
       for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
        {
         mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
         xp = ip->ipins[pi];
	 if (mpp->mptyp == IO_IN) continue;

         /* --- DBG remove
         if (__debug_flg)
          __dbg_msg(
           "++trying to prop stren up from %s (in %s) to %s (in %s)\n",
           __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, mpp->mpref), imdp->msym->synam,
           __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, xp), smdp->msym->synam);
         --- */

	 /* if down port has strength, need to propagate up */
         if (chk_hasst_wires(imdp, mpp->mpref))
          mark_stwires(smdp, xp);
	}
nxt_inst:
         if (skip_giarr) ii += (__get_giarr_wide(giap) - 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO CHECK CONSTANT DELAYS (IGNORES DELAY EXPRS)
 */

/*
 * check a list of constant delays and convert to scaled non real ticks
 * return number of delays - -1 on error
 */
extern int32 __chk_delparams(struct paramlst_t *pmp2, char *emsg,
 int32 mustbeconst)
{
 register struct paramlst_t *pmp;
 int32 pmnum, err;

 err = FALSE;
 for (pmnum = 0, pmp = pmp2; pmp != NULL; pmp = pmp->pmlnxt, pmnum++)
  {
   if (!chkdel_expr(pmp->plxndp, emsg, mustbeconst)) err = TRUE;
   /* make sure actual delay expressions output as dec. */
   pmp->plxndp->ibase = BDEC;
   /* param expression evaluted to number during delay prep */
  }
 if (err) return(-1);
 return(pmnum);
}

/*
 * check a delay expression but cannot convert until prep. time
 * uses flag mustbeconst to cause error if expr.
 * returns F on error
 */
static int32 chkdel_expr(struct expr_t *dxp, char *emsg,
 int32 mustbeconst)
{
 int32 sav_ecnt;

 sav_ecnt = __pv_err_cnt;
 __chk_rhsexpr(dxp, 0);
 if (mustbeconst) return(__chk_numdelay(dxp, emsg));
 /* case (procedural for now) where delay can be expression */
 if (sav_ecnt != __pv_err_cnt) return(FALSE);
 /* delay expr. always output as decimal */
 dxp->ibase = BDEC;
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check to make sure a delay is a number
 * returns F on error
 */
extern int32 __chk_numdelay(struct expr_t *ndp, char *emsg)
{
 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
  case NUMBER:
   if (!nd_delnum(ndp, emsg)) return(FALSE);
   break;
  case ISNUMBER:
   if (!nd_delisnum(ndp, emsg)) return(FALSE);
   break;
  case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM: return(TRUE);
  default:
   __sgferr(845, "non constant %s delay illegal", emsg);
   __free2_xtree(ndp);
   __init_xnd(ndp);

   /* bad delay must be 0 */
   ndp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(0, 0, WBITS);
   ndp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
   ndp->optyp = NUMBER;
   return(FALSE);
 }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check NUMBER delay to make sure convert in prep. section will succeed
 * catches too wide (non 0) and x/z forms - if expr. converts to 0 const.
 */
static int32 nd_delnum(struct expr_t *ndp, char *emsg)
{
 int32 err, wlen;
 word32 *ap, *bp;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 err = FALSE;
 ap = &(__contab[ndp->ru.xvi]);
 wlen = wlen_(ndp->szu.xclen);
 bp = &(ap[wlen]);
 if (ndp->szu.xclen > TIMEBITS)
  {
   if (!vval_is0_(&(ap[2]), ndp->szu.xclen - TIMEBITS)
    || !vval_is0_(bp, ndp->szu.xclen))
    {
     __force_base = BDEC;
     __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp);
     __force_base = BNONE;
     err = TRUE;
    }
   /* always free-alloc */
   __free2_xtree(ndp);
   __init_xnd(ndp);
   /* notice if not a number make into 32 bit x */
   ndp->optyp = NUMBER;
   if (err)
    {
     ndp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
     /* bad delay must be zero */
     ndp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(0, 0, WBITS);
     goto wr_msg;
    }

   /* LOOKATME - time width dependent */
   ndp->szu.xclen = TIMEBITS;
   ndp->ru.xvi = __allocfill_cval_new(ap, bp, 2);
   return(TRUE);
  }
 if (ndp->szu.xclen > WBITS)
  {
   if (bp[0] != 0L || bp[1] != 0L)
    {
     /* notice on error here just leave as 8 bytes - since non IS form */
     ndp->szu.xclen = TIMEBITS;

     push_xstk_(xsp, 2*WBITS);
     memset(xsp->ap, 0, 4*WRDBYTES);
     ndp->ru.xvi = __allocfill_cval_new(xsp->ap, xsp->bp, 2);
     __pop_xstk();
     goto fill_xs;
    }
   return(TRUE);
  }
 ndp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
 if (bp[0] == 0L) return(TRUE);
 ndp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(0, 0, WBITS);

fill_xs:
 __force_base = BDEC;
 __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp);
 __force_base = BNONE;

wr_msg:
 __sgferr(848,
  "%s value %s not required up to %d bit non x/z delay number - set to 0",
  emsg, __xs, TIMEBITS);
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * need an delay up to 64 bit number - same as nd_ndxisnum except 64 bits
 * changed in prep - this just checks but if error converts to 0
 * LOOKATME - should change from TIMEBITS 8 bytes to 4 bytes if all high 0
 * SIZEDEPENDENT notice this routine has built in 32 bit word32 and 64 bit time
 *
 * FIXME - this routine looks wrong or can be improved
 */
static int32 nd_delisnum(struct expr_t *ndp, char *emsg)
{
 register int32 iti;
 int32 err, wlen, wsiz;
 word32 *wp, *wp2, *ap, *bp;

 err = FALSE;
 wlen = wlen_(ndp->szu.xclen);
 wp = &(__contab[ndp->ru.xvi]);
 /* case 1: wider than TIMEBITS (64) */
 if (ndp->szu.xclen > 64)
  {
   /* check all high bits if 0 and not z just extract low 8 byte sections */
   for (iti = 0; iti < __inst_mod->flatinum; iti++)
    {
     ap = &(wp[2*wlen*iti]);
     bp = &(ap[wlen]);
     if (!vval_is0_(&(ap[2]), ndp->szu.xclen - 64)
      || !vval_is0_(bp, ndp->szu.xclen))
      { wr_ndisdel_err(ndp, iti, emsg); err = TRUE; }
    }
   if (err) { freeset_is0del(ndp, __inst_mod->flatinum); return(FALSE); }

   /* convert to TIMEBITS by extracting low 64 a/b bits of each */
   /* this frees subtree under ndp but xva constant field can not be freed */
   __free2_xtree(ndp);
   __init_xnd(ndp);
   ndp->optyp = ISNUMBER;
   ndp->szu.xclen = TIMEBITS;
   wsiz = 2*__inst_mod->flatinum;
   ndp->ru.xvi = __alloc_is_cval(wsiz);
   wp2 = &(__contab[ndp->ru.xvi]);
   for (iti = 0; iti < __inst_mod->flatinum; iti++)
    {
     ap = &(wp[2*wlen*iti]);
     bp = &(ap[wlen]);
     wp2[4*iti] = ap[0]; wp2[4*iti + 1] = ap[1];
     wp2[4*iti + 2] = bp[0]; wp2[4*iti + 3] = bp[1];
    }
   return(TRUE);
  }
 /* case 2 between WBITS and TIMEBITS */
 if (ndp->szu.xclen > WBITS)
  {
   for (iti = 0; iti < __inst_mod->flatinum; iti++)
    {
     ap = &(wp[4*iti]);
     bp = &(ap[2]);
     if (bp[0] != 0L || bp[1] != 0L)
      { wr_ndisdel_err(ndp, iti, emsg); err = TRUE; }
    }
   /* notice on error here even good instances set to 0 */
   if (err) { freeset_is0del(ndp, __inst_mod->flatinum); return(FALSE); }
   /* this uses fact that constants are always stored as 8 byte chunks */
   ndp->szu.xclen = 64;
   return(TRUE);
  }
 /* finally case is all WBITS */
 for (iti = 0; iti < __inst_mod->flatinum; iti++)
  {
   ap = &(wp[2*iti]); bp = &(ap[1]);
   if (bp[0] != 0L)
    {
     wr_ndisdel_err(ndp, iti, emsg);
     ap[0] = bp[0] = 0L;
     err = TRUE;
    }
  }
 /* here value left unless x/z in which case converted to 0 */
 ndp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
 return(!err);
}

/*
 * upon error free and set delay expr. to WBITS IS delay 0's
 *
 * LOOKATME - this does not free previous constant entry
 */
static void freeset_is0del(struct expr_t *ndp, int32 insts)
{
 register int32 iti;
 word32 *wp;

 __free2_xtree(ndp);
 __init_xnd(ndp);
 ndp->optyp = ISNUMBER;
 ndp->szu.xclen = WBITS;
 ndp->ru.xvi = __alloc_is_cval(1*insts);
 wp = &(__contab[ndp->ru.xvi]);
 for (iti = 0; iti < insts; iti++) wp[2*iti] = wp[2*iti + 1] = 0L;
}

/*
 * write an is need delay form error message
 */
static void wr_ndisdel_err(struct expr_t *ndp, int32 iti, char *emsg)
{
 char s1[RECLEN];

 __force_base = BDEC;
 __sgferr(838,
  "%s value %s not required up to %d bit non x/z delay number (inst. %d)",
   emsg, __msgnumexpr_tostr(s1, ndp, iti), TIMEBITS, iti);
 __force_base = BNONE;
}

/*
 * check a wires range and array range
 */
static void chk_wire_rng(struct net_t *np)
{
 int32 vwid, mwid, ival;
 word32 *wp;
 struct expr_t *ndp, *ndp2;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 if (np->n_isavec)
  {
   /* this must be a non x/z constant that can be a wire range */
   /* changes to WBIT vectored form */
   /* never IS form */
   sprintf(s1, "wire or reg first range of %s", np->nsym->synam);
   if (!__chkndx_expr(np->nu.ct->nx1, s1))
    {
bad_wire:
     np->n_isavec = FALSE;
     np->nu.ct->nx1 = np->nu.ct->nx2 = NULL;
     goto chk_arr;
    }
   wp = &(__contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi]);
   ival = (int32) wp[0];
   if (ival < 0)
    {
     __sgferr(902, "%s value %d illegal negative number", s1, ival);
     goto bad_wire;
    }

   sprintf(s1, "wire or reg second range of %s", np->nsym->synam);
   if (np->nu.ct->nx2 == NULL || !__chkndx_expr(np->nu.ct->nx2, s1))
    goto bad_wire;

   wp = &(__contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi]);
   ival = (int32) wp[0];
   if (ival < 0)
    {
     __sgferr(902, "%s value %d illegal negative number", s1, ival);
     goto bad_wire;
    }

   /* know net ranges fit in 32 bits or will not get here */
   vwid = __get_netwide(np);
   if (vwid > MAXNUMBITS)
    {
     __sgferr(774,
      "wire or reg %s range width %d too wide (%d)", np->nsym->synam, vwid,
      MAXNUMBITS);
     np->n_isavec = FALSE;
     np->nu.ct->nx1 = np->nu.ct->nx2 = NULL;
     goto chk_arr;
    }
   /* DBG remove */
   if (np->nu.ct->nx1 == NULL || np->nu.ct->nx2 == NULL)
    __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* -- */

   /* for one pound param case, IS form possible but know all same */
   /* know only one place in source and only pound params used */
   /* all of what is seen as IS form same so check and fix here */
   ndp = np->nu.ct->nx1;
   ndp2 = np->nu.ct->nx2;
   if (ndp->optyp == ISNUMBER)
    {
     chg_rng_isnum_to_num(np, ndp, "first vector range");
    }
   if (ndp2->optyp == ISNUMBER)
    {
     chg_rng_isnum_to_num(np, ndp2, "second vector range");
    }
   if (ndp->optyp != NUMBER)
    {
     __sgfterr(329,
      "wire or reg %s in module %s impossible first vector range expression %s",
      np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp));
    }
   if (ndp2->optyp != NUMBER)
    {
     __sgfterr(329,
      "wire or reg %s in module %s impossible second vector range expression %s",
      np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp2));
    }
  }
 /* inconsistent scalar range */
 else if (np->nu.ct->nx1 != NULL || np->nu.ct->nx2 != NULL)
  __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);

 /* check array */
chk_arr:
 if (np->n_isarr)
  {
   sprintf(s1, "array first range of %s", np->nsym->synam);
   if (!__chkndx_expr(np->nu.ct->ax1, s1))
    {
bad_arr:
     np->n_isarr = FALSE;
     np->nu.ct->ax1 = np->nu.ct->ax2 = NULL;
     return;
    }
   wp = &(__contab[np->nu.ct->ax1->ru.xvi]);
   ival = (int32) wp[0];
   if (ival < 0)
    {
     __sgferr(902, "%s value %d illegal negative number", s1, ival);
     goto bad_arr;
    }
   sprintf(s1, "array second range of %s", np->nsym->synam);
   if (np->nu.ct->ax2 == NULL || !__chkndx_expr(np->nu.ct->ax2, s1))
    goto bad_arr;

   wp = &(__contab[np->nu.ct->ax2->ru.xvi]);
   ival = (int32) wp[0];
   if (ival < 0)
    {
     __sgferr(902, "%s value %d illegal negative number", s1, ival);
     goto bad_arr;
    }

   /* allowing up to 2*24 cells (SJM 11/13/00 - comment was wrong) */
   mwid = __get_arrwide(np);
   if (mwid < 0 || mwid > 0x00ffffff)
    {
     __sgfwarn(620,
      "array %s has %d cells - standard only requires maximum of %d",
      np->nsym->synam, mwid, 0x00ffffff);
    }
   /* DBG remove */
   if (np->nu.ct->ax1 == NULL || np->nu.ct->ax2 == NULL)
    __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);

   ndp = np->nu.ct->ax1;
   ndp2 = np->nu.ct->ax2;
   if (ndp->optyp == ISNUMBER)
    {
     chg_rng_isnum_to_num(np, ndp, "first array range");
    }
   if (ndp2->optyp == ISNUMBER)
    {
     chg_rng_isnum_to_num(np, ndp2, "second array range");
    }
   if (ndp->optyp != NUMBER)
    {
     __sgfterr(329,
      "wire or reg %s in module %s impossible first array range expression %s",
      np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp));
    }
   if (ndp2->optyp != NUMBER)
    {
     __sgfterr(329,
      "wire or reg %s in module %s impossible second array range expression %s",
      np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp2));
    }
   /* --- */
  }
}

/*
 * convert all same value range that is ISNUMBER to simple NUMBER
 * i.e. change expr type and check
 *
 * know first range element checked and good or will not be called
 */
static void chg_rng_isnum_to_num(struct net_t *np, struct expr_t *ndp,
 char *rngstr)
{
 register int32 iti;
 int32 wlen;
 word32 *wp, *wp0, *wp1;

 wlen = wlen_(ndp->szu.xclen);
 wp = &(__contab[ndp->ru.xvi]);
 wp0 = &(wp[0]);
 for (iti = 1; iti < __inst_mod->flatinum; iti++)
  {
   wp1 = &(wp[2*wlen*iti]);
   if (memcmp(wp0, wp1, 2*wlen*WRDBYTES) != 0)
    {
     __sgferr(902,
      "wire or reg %s in %s (inst. %d) %s value %s wrong - should be %s - one source instance pound param problem",
      np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, iti, rngstr,
      __msgnumexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp, 0), __msgnumexpr_tostr(__xs2, ndp, iti));
    }
  }
 /* even if error change to num - i.e. just use first */
 /* change to number easy, just use first one for all - first xvi right */
 /* and all other fields right */
 ndp->optyp = NUMBER;
 /* DBG remove --- */
 if (__debug_flg)
  {
   __dbg_msg(
    "++ %s in %s %s set by pound param to %d converted to number - all insts same\n",
    np->nsym->synam, __inst_mod->msym->synam, rngstr, wp0[0]);
  }
 /* --- */
}

/*
 * routine to check a index style 32 bit non x/z expression
 * for declaration ranges - other routines for now for other things
 * caller must pass string for error message describing range type
 */
extern int32 __chkndx_expr(struct expr_t *ndp, char *emsg)
{
 /* must be 0 context - even though result is always 32 bits */
 __chk_rhsexpr(ndp, 0);
 /* even if errors, if number at end good returns T else F */
 if (!__nd_ndxnum(ndp, emsg, TRUE)) return(FALSE);
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check task regs
 * must be done before any statement checking
 */
static void chk_taskvars(struct task_t *tskp, int32 tregbasi)
{
 register int32 syi, ri;
 register struct sy_t *syp;
 register struct net_t *rp;
 struct sy_t **syms;
 struct symtab_t *sytp;
 struct net_t *rtab;

 /* if undefined must emit error */
 syp = tskp->tsksyp;
 if (!syp->sydecl)
  {
   __gferr(776, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
    "task or function %s not declared", syp->synam);
   return;
  }
 sytp = tskp->tsksymtab;
 /* this will also set reg ranges */
 chk_undef_syms(sytp, tskp->tsktyp);
 /* parameters (including local) checked before defparam processing */

 if (tskp->trnum == 0) return;

 /* then point to right offset in module wide var table */
 rtab = &(__inst_mod->mnets[tregbasi]);

 /* must now convert all task regs with ranges to constants */
 /* possible return range of function will be here */
 for (ri = 0, syi = 0, syms = sytp->stsyms; syi < (int32) sytp->numsyms; syi++)
  {
   syp = syms[syi];
   if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N) continue;
   rp = syp->el.enp;
   /* build list of task variables */
   if (rp->n_isaparam) continue;

   rtab[ri] = *rp;
   __my_free((char *) rp, sizeof(struct net_t));
   rp = &(rtab[ri]);
   syp->el.enp = rp;
   ri++;

   /* --- DBG
   if (__debug_flg)
    {
     char s1[ECLEN], s2[RECLEN];

     __dbg_msg("--- module %s task %s linking net %s onto list\n",
      __inst_mod->msym->synam, tskp->tsksyp->synam, rp->nsym->synam);
    }
   --- */

   /* do not need to save these, never called with previous location */
   __sfnam_ind = rp->nsym->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = rp->nsym->sylin_cnt;
   chk_wire_rng(rp);
  }
 /* still need to point to address of task's reg region in mod table */
 tskp->tsk_regs = rtab;
}

/*
 * PORT WIDTH SETTING AND CHECKING ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * set and check module port widths
 *
 * will not get here unless all ports good
 * requires that all I/O port net widths known - param subst. and const.
 * evaluation completed.
 */
extern void __setchk_mpwidths(void)
{
 register int32 pi;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct expr_t *mpx;
 int32 pnum;

 if ((pnum = __inst_mod->mpnum) == 0) return;
 __expr_rhs_decl = TRUE;
 for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
  {
   mpp = &(__inst_mod->mpins[pi]);
   /* location here must be port header */
   __sfnam_ind = __inst_mod->msym->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = __inst_mod->msym->sylin_cnt;

   /* as a minimum port must be legal expr. */
   mpx = mpp->mpref;

   if (mpp->mptyp == IO_OUT) __chk_rhsexpr(mpx, mpp->mpwide);
   else
    {
     __chk_lhsexpr(mpx, LHS_DECL);
     if (mpp->mptyp == IO_BID) __set_expr_onrhs(mpx);
    }

   /* updates __pr_wid to right width - on error section width assumed 1 */
   __pr_wid = 0;
   /* this does more port expr. checking and sets __pr_wid */
   chk_prtwidth(mpp->mpref, mpp);
   mpp->mpwide = __pr_wid;
  }
 __expr_rhs_decl = FALSE;
}

/*
 * set a port width - previously checked before param values known
 * pr_wid must be set to 0 before this is called
 * on error uses a subcomponent port width of 1
 */
static int32 chk_prtwidth(struct expr_t *ndp, struct mod_pin_t *mpp)
{
 struct sy_t *syp;
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
  case ID:
   np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   __pr_wid += ndp->szu.xclen;
   break;
  case LSB:
   syp = ndp->lu.x->lu.sy;
   np = syp->el.enp;
   if (ndp->ru.x->optyp != NUMBER && ndp->ru.x->optyp != ISNUMBER)
    {
     __gferr(778, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
      "module declaration port %s bit select index must be constant",
      np->nsym->synam);
    }
   __pr_wid++;
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   syp = ndp->lu.x->lu.sy;
   np = syp->el.enp;
   __pr_wid += ndp->szu.xclen;
   break;
  case LCB:
   /* notice legal port ref. expr. are always width self determined */
   {
    register struct expr_t *ndp2;

    /* notice concatenate syntax already checked */
    for (ndp2 = ndp->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
     {
      if (!chk_prtwidth(ndp2->lu.x, mpp)) return(FALSE);
     }
   }
   return(TRUE);
  case OPEMPTY:
   __pr_wid += 1;
   return(TRUE);
  default:
   __gferr(779, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
    "%s illegal in module header list of ports", __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp));
   __pr_wid++;
   return(FALSE);
 }
 /* because of P1364 tran channel channel inout algorithm */
 /* inout ports can not be delayed wires */
 if (np->iotyp == IO_BID && np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.pdels != NULL)
  {
   __sgferr(728,
    "illegal for inout port %s to have wire delay - incompatible with P1364 tran model",
    np->nsym->synam);
  }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check shorted inouts for current module
 * notice this must be called only after port widths known
 */
extern void __chk_shorted_bids(void)
{
 register int32 pi;
 int32 pnum, has_shorted;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;

 if ((pnum = __inst_mod->mpnum) == 0) return;
 for (has_shorted = FALSE, pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
  {
   mpp = &(__inst_mod->mpins[pi]);
   /* this uses previously counted number of connected ports */
   if (!xhas_multconn_wire(mpp->mpref)) continue;

   /* emit inform for shorted that are not inouts */
   if (mpp->mptyp != IO_BID) emit_nonbid_shortwarn(mpp, mpp->mpref);
   mpp->mp_jmpered = TRUE;
   has_shorted = TRUE;
  }
 /* also emit informs for inouts */
 if (has_shorted) emit_shorted_informs(pnum);
}

/*
 * emit informs for all shorted ports - ok but good to know about
 */
static void emit_shorted_informs(int32 pnum)
{
 register int32 pi;
 register struct expr_t *xp2;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 struct expr_t *xp, *xp3;
 struct net_t *np;

 for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
  {
   mpp = &(__inst_mod->mpins[pi]);
   /* if previous error will not appear as jumpered */
   if (!mpp->mp_jmpered) continue;
   xp = mpp->mpref;
   switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
    case ID: np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
    case LSB: case PARTSEL: np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
    case LCB:
     for (xp2 = xp->ru.x; xp2 != NULL; xp2 = xp2->ru.x)
      {
       xp3 = xp2->lu.x;
       switch((byte) xp3->optyp) {
        case ID: np = xp3->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
        case LSB: case PARTSEL: np = xp3->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
        default: continue;
       }
       emit_1net_shorted_informs(mpp, pi, np, pnum);
      }
     continue;
    default: continue;
   }
   emit_1net_shorted_informs(mpp, pi, np, pnum);
  }
}

/*
 * emit the shorted port informs for 1 net
 */
static void emit_1net_shorted_informs(struct mod_pin_t *mpp,
 int32 pi, struct net_t *np, int32 pnum)
{
 register int32 pi2;
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp2;
 char s1[RECLEN], s2[RECLEN], s3[RECLEN];

 /* have jumpered into not in any equiv. class - it is master */
 for (pi2 = pi + 1; pi2 < pnum; pi2++)
  {
   mpp2 = &(__inst_mod->mpins[pi2]);
   /* if not jumpered to anything no need to check */
   if (!mpp2->mp_jmpered) continue;
   if (!net_in_expr(np, mpp2->mpref)) continue;

   __gfinform(454, mpp2->mpfnam_ind, mpp2->mplin_cnt,
    "%s %s in %s port %s also referenced in port %s at %s (shorted together)",
    __to_wtnam(s1, np), np->nsym->synam, __to_ptnam(s2, mpp2->mptyp),
    __to_mpnam(s3, mpp2->mpsnam), __to_mpnam(__xs2, mpp->mpsnam),
    __bld_lineloc(__xs, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt));
   }
}

/*
 * return T if net np is expr xp
 * return F for non lhs expr.
 */
static int32 net_in_expr(struct net_t *np, struct expr_t *xp)
{
 register struct expr_t *xp2;
 struct net_t *np2;

 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  case ID:
   np2 = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LSB: case PARTSEL:
   np2 = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LCB:
   for (xp2 = xp->ru.x; xp2 != NULL; xp2 = xp2->ru.x)
    { if (net_in_expr(np, xp2->lu.x)) return(TRUE); }
   return(FALSE);
  /* if non lhs expr (error elsewhere , just return F */
  default: return(FALSE);
 }
 return(np == np2);
}

/*
 * return T if port contains wire that connects to other port
 * notice only called for ports and not called from interactive
 * also even though not checked here if inotu shorted must be wire name
 */
static int32 xhas_multconn_wire(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct expr_t *ndp2;
 struct net_t *np;

 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
  case ID:
   np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
chk_mult:
   if (np->nu.ct->num_prtconns == 2) return(TRUE);
   break;
  case PARTSEL: case LSB:
   np = ndp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   goto chk_mult;
  case LCB:
   for (ndp2 = ndp->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
    { if (xhas_multconn_wire(ndp2->lu.x)) return(TRUE); }
   break;
  case OPEMPTY: break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * emit warn for shorted together feed thru ports that are not inouts
 */
static void emit_nonbid_shortwarn(struct mod_pin_t *mpp,
 struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct expr_t *ndp2;
 struct net_t *np;
 char s1[RECLEN], s2[RECLEN];

 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
  case ID:
   np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
chk_mult:
   if (np->iotyp != IO_BID)
    {
     __gfinform(476, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt,
      "%s port %s %s %s used in merged or shorted ports - if ranges overlap probably wrong",
      __to_ptnam(s2, np->iotyp), __to_mpnam(s1, mpp->mpsnam),
      __to_wtnam(__xs, np), np->nsym->synam);
    }
   break;
  case PARTSEL: case LSB:
   np = ndp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   goto chk_mult;
  case LCB:
   for (ndp2 = ndp->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
    emit_nonbid_shortwarn(mpp, ndp2->lu.x);
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO RECONNECT SCALAR GATES/INSTS PIN LISTS
 */

/*
 * reconnect and check gates and instances according to LRM rules
 */
extern void __reconn_gia_pins(void)
{
 register struct mod_t *mdp;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   __push_wrkitstk(mdp, 0);
   if (mdp->mgarr != NULL) reconn_1mod_gateterms(mdp);
   if (mdp->miarr != NULL) reconn_1mod_instports(mdp);
   __pop_wrkitstk();
  }
}

/*
 * reconnect array of gates ports for one module
 * new expression put in each expanded bit of gate original free for each term
 *
 * know module has at least one arrayed gates or not called
 */
static void reconn_1mod_gateterms(struct mod_t *mdp)
{
 register int32 gi, pi, gi2;
 int32 giawid, bi, wid, r0;
 word32 av, bv, *wp;
 struct giarr_t *giap;
 struct gate_t *gp, *gp2;
 struct expr_t *xp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 for (gi = 0; gi < mdp->mgnum;)
  {
   if ((giap = mdp->mgarr[gi]) == NULL) { gi++; continue; }

   gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi]);
   giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap);
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (giap->gia_bi != gi) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */

   /* for checking each gate has original entire array terms */
   /* allocate new tab of expr ptrs for each independent of how connected */
   for (gi2 = giap->gia_bi; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++)
    {
     gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
     gp2->gpins = (struct expr_t **)
      __my_malloc(gp->gpnum*sizeof(struct expr_t *));
    }

   /* handle each pin (terminal) in turn */
   for (pi = 0; pi < gp->gpnum; pi++)
    {
     xp = giap->giapins[pi];
     /* notice 0 context in case need to apportion */
     __chk_rhsexpr(xp, 0);

     /* FIXME - should allow global here? */
     if (__expr_has_glb(xp)) goto bad_conn_expr;

     if (xp->szu.xclen == 1)
      {
       /* exact copy expressions, this can be any expr. */
       for (gi2 = giap->gia_bi; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++)
        {
         gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
         gp2->gpins[pi] = __copy_expr(xp);
        }
      }
     else if (xp->szu.xclen == giawid)
      {
       /* hard apportioning case - know now width 1 and matches */
       /* only variable, part select, concat, or constant possible */
       switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
        case ID:
         np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
         if (np->n_isarr)
          {
           __gferr(699, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
           "arrayed %s gate %s terminal %d array %s illegal - not selectable",
            gp->gmsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
            __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
           goto make_unc;
          }
         /* build bsel expression - apportion bits h to l from wire */
         /* array of gates may be stored either way but first (h) from wire */
         /* always gets first of array */
         gi2 = giap->gia_bi;
         wid = __get_netwide(np);
         for (bi = wid - 1; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++, bi--)
          {
           gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
           gp2->gpins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
          }
         break;
        case PARTSEL:
         /* for part select know internal wire h:l - generating bit selects */
         /* normalized to it and h bit connects to first, etc */
         wp = &(__contab[xp->ru.x->lu.x->ru.xvi]);
         r0 = (int32) wp[0];

         /* AIV 06/08/06 - was getting the net from the wrong part of xpr */
         np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
         gi2 = giap->gia_bi;
         for (bi = r0; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++, bi--)
          {
           gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
           gp2->gpins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
          }
         break;
        case LCB:
         /* easy gate case - peels off 1 bit things from concat */
         /* concats always h:0 */
         if (!legal_giarr_conn_concat(xp))
          {
           __gferr(699, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
            "arrayed %s gate %s terminal %d concatenate %s illegal - contains non selectable lvalue",
            gp->gmsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
            __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
           goto make_unc;
          }
         conn_1gateterm_concat(mdp, giap, xp, pi);
         break;
        case NUMBER:
         xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);

         /* DBG remove -- */
         if (xsp->xslen != giawid) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
         /* --- */
         /* numbers always h:0 with low bit numbered 0 */
         bi = xsp->xslen - 1;
         for (gi2 = giap->gia_bi; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++, bi--)
          {
           av = rhsbsel_(xsp->ap, bi);
           bv = rhsbsel_(xsp->bp, bi);
           gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
           gp2->gpins[pi] = __bld_rng_numxpr(av, bv, 1);
           gp2->gpins[pi]->ibase = BDEC;
          }
         __pop_xstk();
         break;
        case ISNUMBER:
         /* must never see this means incorrect splitting somewhere */
         __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
         break;
        default:
          __gferr(699, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
           "arrayed %s gate %s terminal %d expression %s illegal - not var, select, concat or number",
          gp->gmsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
          __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
          goto make_unc;
        }
      }
     else
      {
bad_conn_expr:
       /* error width mis-match */
       __gferr(698, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
        "arrayed %s gate %s terminal %d connection width %d illegal - must be 1 or %d",
        gp->gmsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1, xp->szu.xclen,
        giawid);
       /* make each unc. */
make_unc:
       for (gi2 = giap->gia_bi; gi2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; gi2++)
        {
         gp2 = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
         __bld_unc_expr();
         gp2->gpins[pi] = __root_ndp;
        }
      }
    }
   gi += giawid;
  }
}

/*
 * routine to build a constant bit select expression
 *
 * passed ndx is h:0 normalized form because later expr. checking will assume
 * value is what appeared in source, must unnormalize to what is in
 * source so will get normalized later during expr. check then output
 * will reconvert to source - neede so caller can work only with internal h:0
 */
static struct expr_t *bld_bsel_expr(struct net_t *np, int32 ndx)
{
 int32 ndx2;
 struct expr_t *xp, *xpid, *xpndx;

 xpid = __alloc_newxnd();
 xpid->optyp = ID;
 xpid->lu.sy = np->nsym;
 xpid->szu.xclen = __get_netwide(np);

 ndx2 = __unnormalize_ndx(np, ndx);
 xpndx = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) ndx2, 0L, WBITS);
 xpndx->ibase = BDEC;
 if (ndx != ndx2) xpndx->ind_noth0 = TRUE;

 /* root of part select */
 xp = __alloc_newxnd();
 xp->optyp = LSB;
 xp->szu.xclen = 1;

 xp->lu.x = xpid;
 xp->ru.x = xpndx;
 return(xp);
}

/*
 * connect arrayed gate terms from a concat for one gate term (know 1 bit)
 *
 * notice here loop is through gate concat expression - peels off bits 1 by 1
 * and moved through instances
 */
static void conn_1gateterm_concat(struct mod_t *mdp, struct giarr_t *giap,
 struct expr_t *catxp, int32 pi)
{
 register int32 gi2, bi;
 register struct expr_t *xp2, *xp3;
 int32 r0, r1, nwid;
 word32 av, bv;
 struct gate_t *gp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 gi2 = giap->gia_bi;
 for (xp2 = catxp->ru.x; xp2 != NULL; xp2 = xp2->ru.x)
  {
   xp3 = xp2->lu.x;
   switch ((byte) xp3->optyp) {
    case ID:
     np = xp3->lu.sy->el.enp;
     nwid = __get_netwide(np);
     if (np->n_isavec)
      {
       for (bi = nwid - 1; bi >= 0; gi2++, bi--)
        {
         gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
         gp->gpins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
        }
      }
     /* SJM 07/08/00 - if scalar in concatenate can't convert ot bsel */
     else
      {
       gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
       gp->gpins[pi] = __copy_expr(xp3);
       gi2++;
      }
     break;
    case LSB:
     gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
     gp->gpins[pi] = __copy_expr(xp3);
     gi2++;
     break;
    case PARTSEL:
     /* constants here normalized h:0 and need to apportion in that order */
     r0 = __contab[xp3->ru.x->lu.x->ru.xvi];
     r1 = __contab[xp3->ru.x->ru.x->ru.xvi];
     /* SJM 04/13/04 - since psel must get net from left ID of psel */
     np = xp3->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     for (bi = r0; bi >= r1; gi2++, bi--)
      {
       gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
       gp->gpins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
      }
     break;
    case NUMBER:
     xsp = __eval_xpr(xp3);

     /* numbers always h:0 with low bit numbered 0 */
     bi = xsp->xslen - 1;
     for (bi = xsp->xslen - 1; bi >= 0; gi2++, bi--)
      {
       av = rhsbsel_(xsp->ap, bi);
       bv = rhsbsel_(xsp->bp, bi);
       gp = &(mdp->mgates[gi2]);
       gp->gpins[pi] = __bld_rng_numxpr(av, bv, 1);
       gp->gpins[pi]->ibase = BDEC;
      }
     __pop_xstk();
     break;
    default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   }
  }
}

/*
 * check concat connected to gate/inst - only IDs, selects, and num
 *
 * nested concatenate illegal (maybe never can see by here)
 */
static int32 legal_giarr_conn_concat(struct expr_t *xp)
{
 register struct expr_t *xp2;
 struct net_t *np;

 for (xp2 = xp->ru.x; xp2 != NULL; xp2 = xp2->ru.x)
  {
   switch ((byte) xp2->lu.x->optyp) {
    case ID:
     np = xp2->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     /* array illegal if apportioning because can not be selected from */
     if (np->n_isarr) return(FALSE);
     break;
    case LSB: case PARTSEL: case NUMBER:
     break;
    default: return(FALSE);
   }
  }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * reconnect array of instances ports for one module
 * new expression put in each expanded bit of gate original free for each term
 *
 * know module has at least arrayed instances or not called
 */
static void reconn_1mod_instports(struct mod_t *mdp)
{
 register int32 ii, pi, ii2;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 int32 giawid, bi, nwlen, wid, r0;
 struct giarr_t *giap;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct inst_t *ip, *ip2;
 struct expr_t *xp, *xp2;
 struct xstk_t *xsp, *xsp2;
 struct net_t *np;

 for (ii = 0; ii < mdp->minum;)
  {
   if ((giap = mdp->miarr[ii]) == NULL) { ii++; continue; }

   giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap);
   ip = &(mdp->minsts[ii]);
   imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;

   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (giap->gia_bi != ii) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   /* for checking each inst. has original array inst pins */
   /* allocate new tab of expr ptrs for each independent of how connected */
   for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++)
    {
     ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
     /* SJM 10/17/99 - empty pin list possible */
     if (imdp->mpnum == 0) ip2->ipins = NULL;
     else
      {
       ip2->ipins = (struct expr_t **)
        __my_malloc(imdp->mpnum*sizeof(struct expr_t *));
      }
    }

   /* handle each pin (terminal) in turn */
   for (pi = 0; pi < imdp->mpnum; pi++)
    {
     xp = giap->giapins[pi];
     mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
     /* notice 0 context in case need to apportion */
     __chk_rhsexpr(xp, 0);

     /* FIXME - should allow global here? */
     if (__expr_has_glb(xp)) goto bad_conn_expr;
     if (xp->szu.xclen == mpp->mpwide)
      {
       /* exact match copy expression, any expr. allowed */
       for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++)
        {
         ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
         ip2->ipins[pi] = __copy_expr(xp);
        }
      }
     /* port width times array of insts size exactly matches expr size */
     else if (xp->szu.xclen == giawid*mpp->mpwide)
      {
       /* hard apportioning case */
       /* only variable, part select, or constant possible */
       switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
        case ID:
         np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
         if (np->n_isarr)
          {
           __gferr(699, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt,
            "arrayed %s instance %s port %d array %s illegal - not selectable",
            ip->imsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
            __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
           goto make_unc;
          }
         wid = __get_netwide(np);

         /* build bsel (for scalar ports) or psel expression */
         /* 2 cases - port width 1 bit or port width >1 bits */
         if (mpp->mpwide == 1)
          {
           /* build bsel expression - apportion bits h to l from wire */
           ii2 = giap->gia_bi;
           for (bi = wid - 1; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++, bi--)
            {
             ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
             ip2->ipins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
            }
          }
         else
          {
           bi = wid - 1;
           ii2 = giap->gia_bi;
           for (; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++, bi -= mpp->mpwide)
            {
             ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
             /* build internal h:0 - on output would get unnormalized */
             ip2->ipins[pi] = bld_psel_expr(np, bi, bi - mpp->mpwide + 1);
            }
          }
         break;
        case PARTSEL:
         /* values normalized to h:0 wire during expr check */
         r0 = __contab[xp->ru.x->lu.x->ru.xvi];
         np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
         if (mpp->mpwide == 1)
          {
           /* SJM 04/13/04 - core dumped because for loop one too many */
           /* scalar port */
           ii2 = giap->gia_bi;
           bi = r0;
           for (; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++, bi--)
            {
             ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
             ip2->ipins[pi] = bld_bsel_expr(np, bi);
            }
          }
         else
          {
           /* vector port */
           bi = r0;
           for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++,
            bi -= mpp->mpwide)
            {
             ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
             ip2->ipins[pi] = bld_psel_expr(np, bi, bi - mpp->mpwide + 1);
            }
          }
         break;
        case LCB:
         /* easy gate case - peels off 1 bit things from concat */
         /* concats always h:0 */
         if (!legal_giarr_conn_concat(xp))
          {
           __gferr(699, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt,
            "arrayed %s instance %s port %d concatenate %s illegal - contains non selectable lvalue",
            ip->imsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
            __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
           goto make_unc;
          }
         conn_1instport_concat(mdp, giap, xp, pi, mpp->mpwide);
         break;
        case NUMBER:
         __push_wrkitstk(mdp, 0);
         xsp = __eval_xpr(xp);
         __pop_wrkitstk();
         push_xstk_(xsp2, mpp->mpwide);

         bi = xsp->xslen - 1;
         for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid;
          ii2++, bi -= mpp->mpwide)
          {
           /* could improve scalar case by using rhs bsel but this works */
           __rhspsel(xsp2->ap, xsp->ap, bi, mpp->mpwide);
           __rhspsel(xsp2->bp, xsp->bp, bi, mpp->mpwide);

           /* must allocate and fill because may be wider than WBITS */
           xp2 = __alloc_newxnd();
           xp2->optyp = NUMBER;
           nwlen = wlen_(mpp->mpwide);
           if (mpp->mpwide <= WBITS)
            {
             xp2->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(xsp2->ap[0], xsp2->ap[1],
              mpp->mpwide);
            }
           else
            {
             /* each a and b part of constants fits in integral no. words */
             xp2->ru.xvi = __allocfill_cval_new(xsp->ap, xsp->bp, nwlen);
            }
           xp2->szu.xclen = mpp->mpwide;

           ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
           ip2->ipins[pi] = xp2;
          }
         __pop_xstk();
         __pop_xstk();
         break;
        case ISNUMBER:
         /* if this is seen bad splitting somewhere */
         __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
         break;
        default:
         __gferr(699, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt,
          "arrayed %s instance %s port %d expression %s illegal - must be var, select, concat, or number",
          ip->imsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1,
          __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
         goto make_unc;
        }
      }
     else
      {
bad_conn_expr:
       /* error width mis-match */
       __gferr(698, ip->isym->syfnam_ind, ip->isym->sylin_cnt,
        "arrayed %s instance %s port %d connection width %d illegal - must be %d or %d",
        ip->imsym->synam, giap->gia_base_syp->synam, pi + 1, xp->szu.xclen,
        mpp->mpwide, mpp->mpwide*giawid);

       /* make each unc. */
make_unc:
       for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < giap->gia_bi + giawid; ii2++)
        {
         ip2 = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
         __bld_unc_expr();
         ip2->ipins[pi] = __root_ndp;
        }
      }
    }
   ii += giawid;
  }
}

/*
 * routine to build a constant part select expression
 *
 * passed i1/i2 are h:0 normalized form because later expr. check will assume
 * value is what appeared in source, must actually normalize to what is in
 * source so will get unnormalized later during expr. check then output
 * will reconvert to source - neede so caller can work only with internal h:0
 */
static struct expr_t *bld_psel_expr(struct net_t *np, int32 i1, int32 i2)
{
 int32 ndx1, ndx2;
 struct expr_t *xp, *xpid, *xp1, *xp2, *xpcol;

 xpid = __alloc_newxnd();
 xpid->optyp = ID;
 xpid->szu.xclen = __get_netwide(np);
 xpid->lu.sy = np->nsym;

 ndx1 = __unnormalize_ndx(np, i1);
 xp1 = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) ndx1, 0L, WBITS);
 xp1->ibase = BDEC;
 if (i1 != ndx1) xp1->ind_noth0 = TRUE;

 ndx2 = __unnormalize_ndx(np, i2);
 xp2 = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) ndx2, 0L, WBITS);
 xp2->ibase = BDEC;
 if (i2 != ndx2) xp1->ind_noth0 = TRUE;

 /* root of part select */
 xp = __alloc_newxnd();
 xp->optyp = PARTSEL;
 xp->szu.xclen = i1 - i2 + 1;
 xp->lu.x = xpid;
 xpcol = __alloc_newxnd();
 xpcol->optyp = COLON;
 xp->ru.x = xpcol;
 xpcol->lu.x = xp1;
 xpcol->ru.x = xp2;
 return(xp);
}

/*
 * connect arrayed inst port highconns from a concat for one non scalar port
 *
 * know width of concat is mpwid*(num insts)
 * tricky because may need to build new concats when concat exprs overlap
 * by here know all concatenates converted to one level
 *
 * concat width exactly matches width times inst array size (can't fail)
 * concat components already checked
 */
static void conn_1instport_concat(struct mod_t *mdp, struct giarr_t *giap,
 struct expr_t *catxp, int32 pi, int32 mpwid)
{
 register int32 ii2;
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;
 int32 giawid, gi1, cwidmore;
 struct exprlst_t *xplphd, *last_xplp;
 struct expr_t *xp2, *catxp2, *last_catxp;
 struct inst_t *ip;

 giawid = __get_giarr_wide(giap);
 gi1 = giap->gia_bi + giawid;
 /* this copies elements into list - need to leave concat since part of */
 /* original expr that stays in giap */
 xplphd = splt_icat_align_xlist(catxp, mpwid);
 xplp = xplphd;
 for (ii2 = giap->gia_bi; ii2 < gi1; ii2++)
  {
   ip = &(mdp->minsts[ii2]);
   /* cat element can never be too wide */
   /* DBG remove --- */
   if (xplp->xp->szu.xclen > mpwid) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   /* case 1: element of concat exactly matches one inst port width */
   if (xplp->xp->szu.xclen == mpwid)
    {
     ip->ipins[pi] = xplp->xp;
     xplp = xplp->xpnxt;
     continue;
    }
   /* case 2: concatenate combined from elements of array concat needed */
   catxp2 = __alloc_newxnd();
   catxp2->optyp = LCB;
   catxp2->szu.xclen = mpwid;
   cwidmore = mpwid;
   for (last_catxp = NULL;;)
    {
     xp2 = __alloc_newxnd();
     xp2->optyp = CATCOM;
     if (last_catxp == NULL) catxp2->ru.x = xp2; else last_catxp->ru.x = xp2;
     last_catxp = xp2;

     /* CAT COM len is distant from high bit to low bit (right end) */
     xp2->szu.xclen = cwidmore;
     xp2->lu.x = xplp->xp;
     cwidmore -= xp2->lu.x->szu.xclen;
     if (cwidmore == 0) break;
     xplp = xplp->xpnxt;
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (xplp == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */
    }
   ip->ipins[pi] = catxp2;
   xplp = xplp->xpnxt;
  }
 /* DBG remove --- */
 if (xplp != NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* --- */
 /* need to free concat expr list (but not expressions that are used) */
 for (xplp = xplphd; xplp != NULL;)
  {
   last_xplp = xplp->xpnxt;
   __my_free((char *) xplp, sizeof(struct exprlst_t));
   xplp = last_xplp;
  }
}

/*
 * build expression list with any overlaps eliminated
 *
 * when done all expressions copied (so can just conn to insts) and
 * never overlaps (may need to build concats but never a need to split)
 */
static struct exprlst_t *splt_icat_align_xlist(struct expr_t *catxp, int32 mpwid)
{
 register struct expr_t *xp2, *xp3;
 int32 prtbi, cxlen, r1, endlen, overlaplen;
 word32 *wp;
 struct exprlst_t *xplphd, *xplp, *xplp_last;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct xstk_t *xsp, *xsp2;

 xsp = NULL;
 xplphd = xplp_last = NULL;
 /* work one by one thru elements of concatenate */
 for (prtbi = 0, xp2 = catxp->ru.x; xp2 != NULL; xp2 = xp2->ru.x)
  {
   xp3 = xp2->lu.x;
   cxlen = xp3->szu.xclen;
   /* case 1: entire expr connects to current instance */
   if (prtbi + cxlen <= mpwid)
    {
     xplp = __alloc_xprlst();
     xplp->xp = __copy_expr(xp3);
     if (xplphd == NULL) xplphd = xplp; else xplp_last->xpnxt = xplp;
     xplp_last = xplp;
     prtbi += cxlen;
     if (prtbi == mpwid) prtbi = 0;
     continue;
    }
   /* case 2: hard need to split expr because element crosses inst. */
   /* prtbi + cxlen wider than mpwid */
   endlen = mpwid - prtbi;
   overlaplen = cxlen - endlen;
   /* if number, must compute value for use below */
   if (xp3->optyp == NUMBER)
    {
     xsp = __eval_xpr(xp3);
    }
   /* build expr. list element for high bits of expr overlapping inst */
   xplp = __alloc_xprlst();
   if (xplphd == NULL) xplphd = xplp; else xplp_last->xpnxt = xplp;
   xplp_last = xplp;
   switch ((byte) xp3->optyp) {
    case ID:
     np = xp3->lu.sy->el.enp;
     r1 = cxlen - 1;
     /* SJM 07/08/00 - if scalar in concatenate can't convert ot bsel */
     if (!np->n_isavec)
      {
       xplp->xp = __copy_expr(xp3);
       break;
      }
     goto bld_select;
    case PARTSEL:
     np = xp3->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     wp = &(__contab[xp3->ru.x->lu.x->ru.xvi]);
     r1 = (int32) wp[0];

bld_select:
     /* split off first part that will then fill to end */
     if (endlen == 1) xplp->xp = bld_bsel_expr(np, r1);
     else xplp->xp = bld_psel_expr(np, r1, r1 - endlen + 1);
     break;
    case NUMBER:
     /* make work xsp big enough for both */
     push_xstk_(xsp2, endlen);
     /* split off high part of number for first, new part for overlap */
     /* 3rd argument is length not low end */
     __rhspsel(xsp2->ap, xsp->ap, cxlen - 1, endlen);
     __rhspsel(xsp2->bp, xsp->bp, cxlen - 1, endlen);
     xplp->xp = bld_num_expr(xsp2);
     __pop_xstk();
     break;
     /* bit select impossible because always fits */
    default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   }
   if (overlaplen > mpwid)
    {
     /* case 2a: overlap continues for more than one inst */
     for (;;)
      {
       xplp = __alloc_xprlst();
       if (xplphd == NULL) xplphd = xplp; else xplp_last->xpnxt = xplp;
       xplp_last = xplp;
       switch ((byte) xp3->optyp) {
        case ID:
         np = xp3->lu.sy->el.enp;
         /* SJM 07/08/00 - if scalar in concatenate can't convert ot bsel */
         if (!np->n_isavec)
          {
           xplp->xp = __copy_expr(xp3);
           break;
          }
         r1 = overlaplen - 1;
         goto bld2_selects;
        case PARTSEL:
         np = xp3->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
         /* here need right range end */
         wp = &(__contab[xp3->ru.x->ru.x->ru.xvi]);
         r1 = (int32) wp[0] + overlaplen - 1;
bld2_selects:
         if (mpwid == 1) xplp->xp = bld_bsel_expr(np, r1);
         else xplp->xp = bld_psel_expr(np, r1, r1 - mpwid + 1);
         break;
        case NUMBER:
         /* make work xsp big enough for both */
         push_xstk_(xsp2, mpwid);
         __rhspsel(xsp2->ap, xsp->ap, overlaplen - 1, mpwid);
         __rhspsel(xsp2->bp, xsp->bp, overlaplen - 1, mpwid);
         /* must allocate and fill because may be wider than WBITS */
         xplp->xp = bld_num_expr(xsp2);
         __pop_xstk();
         break;
        /* bit select impossible because always fits */
        default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
       }
       overlaplen -= mpwid;
       /* DBG remove --- */
       if (overlaplen < 0) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
       /* ---*/
       if (overlaplen == 0) goto nxt_catel;
       if (overlaplen < mpwid) break;
       /* if corrected overlap length equal to or wider than port continue */
      }
    }
   /* final or only end part (if narrower than mpwid) */
   xplp = __alloc_xprlst();
   if (xplphd == NULL) xplphd = xplp; else xplp_last->xpnxt = xplp;
   xplp_last = xplp;
   switch ((byte) xp3->optyp) {
    case ID:
     np = xp3->lu.sy->el.enp;
     /* SJM 07/08/00 - if scalar in concatenate can't convert ot bsel */
     if (!np->n_isavec)
      {
       xplp->xp = __copy_expr(xp3);
       break;
      }
     r1 = overlaplen - 1;
     goto bld3_selects;
    case PARTSEL:
     np = xp3->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
     /* here need right range end */
     wp = &(__contab[xp3->ru.x->ru.x->ru.xvi]);
     r1 = (int32) wp[0] + overlaplen - 1;
bld3_selects:
     /* split off first part that will then fill to end */
     if (overlaplen == 1) xplp->xp = bld_bsel_expr(np, r1);
     else xplp->xp = bld_psel_expr(np, r1, r1 - overlaplen + 1);
     break;
    case NUMBER:
     /* make work xsp big enough for both */
     push_xstk_(xsp2, overlaplen);
     __rhspsel(xsp2->ap, xsp->ap, overlaplen - 1, overlaplen);
     __rhspsel(xsp2->bp, xsp->bp, overlaplen - 1, overlaplen);
     xplp->xp = bld_num_expr(xsp2);
     __pop_xstk();
     break;
    /* bit select impossible because always fits */
    default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   }
nxt_catel:
   if (xp3->optyp == NUMBER) __pop_xstk();
  }
 return(xplphd);
}

/*
 * build a new number expression from a expression stack element
 */
static struct expr_t *bld_num_expr(struct xstk_t *xsp)
{
 int32 nwlen;
 struct expr_t *xp;

 xp = __alloc_newxnd();
 xp->optyp = NUMBER;
 xp->szu.xclen = xsp->xslen;
 nwlen = wlen_(xsp->xslen);
 if (xsp->xslen <= WBITS)
  {
   xp->ru.xvi = __alloc_shareable_cval(xsp->ap[0], xsp->ap[1], xsp->xslen);
  }
 else
  {
   xp->ru.xvi = __allocfill_cval_new(xsp->ap, xsp->bp, nwlen);
  }
 return(xp);
}

/*
 * ROUTINES TO RESET AS FIXUP MODULE PORT STRENGTHS AFTER PORT EXPANDING
 */

/*
 * set module port strength expression bits
 *
 * needed because must check expressions to set widths before apportioning
 * I/O ports to iconns, but can not propagate strengths until apportioning
 * done, so now must go back and set expr x_stren bit if module port
 * exprs contains stren wires, all other expressions checked after stren
 * propagation so only need to fix up for module ports
 */
extern void __reset_modport_strens(void)
{
 register int32 pi;
 register struct mod_t *mdp;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 int32 pnum;

 for (mdp = __modhdr; mdp != NULL; mdp = mdp->mnxt)
  {
   /* SJM 12/26/02 - this was wrong - not marking all port strens so */
   /* iop gen wasn't working */
   if ((pnum = mdp->mpnum) == 0) continue;

   for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
    {
     mpp = &(mdp->mpins[pi]);
     set_1mpx_stren(mpp->mpref);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * set expr. strength bits for module port exprs with strength wires
 *
 * used recursively on subexprs of ports exprs (not iconn exprs)
 */
static void set_1mpx_stren(struct expr_t *mpx)
{
 int32 cat_stren;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct sy_t *syp;

 switch ((byte) mpx->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF:
   np = mpx->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (np->n_stren) mpx->x_stren = TRUE;
   break;
  case NUMBER: case ISNUMBER: case OPEMPTY: case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM:
   break;
  case LSB:
   syp = mpx->lu.x->lu.sy;
   np = syp->el.enp;
   if (np->n_stren) mpx->x_stren = TRUE;
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x);
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   syp = mpx->lu.x->lu.sy;
   np = syp->el.enp;
   if (np->n_stren) mpx->x_stren = TRUE;
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x->lu.x);
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x->ru.x);
   break;
  case QUEST:
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->lu.x);
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x->ru.x);
   set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x->lu.x);
   break;
  case FCALL: return;
  case LCB:
   {
    register struct expr_t *ndp2;
    struct expr_t *catxp;

    /* know concatenates never nested by here */
    for (cat_stren = FALSE, ndp2 = mpx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
     {
      catxp = ndp2->lu.x;
      set_1mpx_stren(catxp);
      if (catxp->x_stren) { ndp2->x_stren = TRUE; cat_stren = TRUE; }
     }
    if (cat_stren) mpx->x_stren = TRUE;
   }
   break;
  default:
   if (mpx->lu.x != NULL) set_1mpx_stren(mpx->lu.x);
   if (mpx->ru.x != NULL) set_1mpx_stren(mpx->ru.x);
 }
}

/*
 * MODULE COMPONENT SEMANTIC CHECKING ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * check module - also call procedure checking routines
 * does the following:
 *  1) global refs. hanged to ids
 *  2) constant expr. folded and node widths set
 *
 * notice all code called from here requires __inst_mod to be set for
 * finding size of IS form parmeters that are converted to constants here
 */
extern void __chk_mod(void)
{
 register struct task_t *tskp;

 /* check inst. conns. and gates */
 chk_inst_conns();
 chk_gates();
 chk_contas();

 /* SJM 09/30/04 - although variable assign initialize decls require */
 /* constant rhs expr, not checking the expression until here */
 /* because semantics is same as decl followed by initial [var] = [expr]; */
 chk_varinits();

 /* check init/always statements */
 chk_stmts();

 /* finally check user tasks and function statements */
 for (tskp = __inst_mod->mtasks; tskp != NULL; tskp = tskp->tsknxt)
  {
   switch ((byte) tskp->tsktyp) {
    case FUNCTION:
     /* named blocks checked in context */
     chk_funcdef(tskp);
     tskp->thas_outs = FALSE;
     tskp->thas_tskcall = FALSE;
     break;
    case TASK:
     chk_1tsk(tskp);
     break;
    /* named block task checked when statement seen */
    case Begin: case FORK: break;
    default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   }
  }
}

/*
 * check 1 task
 * notice this is task definition so cannot be called from iact
 */
static void chk_1tsk(struct task_t *tskp)
{
 register struct task_pin_t *tpp;
 int32 ai;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct sy_t *syp;

 __cur_tsk = tskp;
 /* variables checked, chk statements & look for non thread optimizations */
 for (ai = 1, tpp = tskp->tskpins; tpp != NULL; tpp = tpp->tpnxt, ai++)
  {
   np = tpp->tpsy->el.enp;
   /* SJM 01/14/1999 - arrays illegal formal function arguments */
   if (np->n_isarr)
    {
     syp = tpp->tpsy;
     __gferr(869, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
      "task %s definition entire array formal argument %s (pos. %d) illegal - must be simple variable",
      tskp->tsksyp->synam, syp->synam, ai);
     continue;
    }

   /* notice task ports must be regs so no need to set 2nd on lhs */
   if (tpp->trtyp != IO_IN)
    {
     if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT)
      {
       if (tpp->trtyp == IO_BID) np->nu.ct->n_onlhs = TRUE;
       np->nu.ct->n_onrhs = TRUE;
      }
     tskp->thas_outs = TRUE;
    }
   else if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT) np->nu.ct->n_onlhs = TRUE;
  }
 /* notice that task can take any legal variables no argument */
 /* requirements - this finds any named block no delay cases */
 __chk_lstofsts(tskp->tskst);

 /* finally do checking to determine if 0 delay or has task call */
 __task_has_delay = FALSE;
 __task_has_tskcall = FALSE;
 __nbsti = -1;
 __chk_nodel_lstofsts(tskp->tskst);
 __cur_tsk = NULL;
}

/*
 * check module instance connections
 * expression here can be numbers with IS form so need to check
 * all instances in that case
 * this frees cell_pin_t since not used after here
 */
static void chk_inst_conns(void)
{
 register int32 pi, ii;
 register struct mod_pin_t *mpp;
 int32 iotyp, sav_enum;
 int32 pnum, pwid;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *imdp;
 struct expr_t *pxp;
 struct srcloc_t *slocp;
 struct net_t *np;

 __expr_rhs_decl = TRUE;
 for (ii = 0; ii < __inst_mod->minum; ii++)
  {
   ip = &(__inst_mod->minsts[ii]);
   imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
   if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) == 0) continue;
   slocp = __inst_mod->iploctab[ii];

   for (pi = 0; pi < pnum; pi++)
    {
     mpp = &(imdp->mpins[pi]);
     pxp = ip->ipins[pi];
     __sfnam_ind = slocp[pi].sl_fnam_ind;
     __slin_cnt = slocp[pi].sl_lin_cnt;

     /* this should always be at least OPEMPTY by here */
     /* change to special unc. indicator and check/fix here */
     /* instance one port missing 'bx for unconnect */
     /* DBG remove --- */
     if (pxp == NULL) __misc_sgfterr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* --- */

     /* module port iconn cannot have real connection */
     if (pxp->is_real)
      __sgferr(780,
       "instance %s port %s (pos. %d) illegally connects to real number",
       ip->isym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, pxp), pi + 1);

     /* cannot be xmr that references down into same inst. */
     sav_enum = __pv_err_cnt;
     chk_iconn_downxmr(ip, pxp);
     if (sav_enum < __pv_err_cnt) continue;

     pwid = mpp->mpwide;
     /* if first time implicitly declared wire used change to port width */
     /* if first use if as scalar and later other must still fix here */
     if (pxp->optyp == ID)
      {
       /* SJM 03/15/00 - must catch passing non wire ID as error */
       if (pxp->lu.sy->sytyp != SYM_N)
        {
         __sgferr(789, "instance %s port pos. %d illegally connects to %s %s",
          ip->isym->synam, pi + 1, __to_sytyp(__xs, pxp->lu.sy->sytyp),
          __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, pxp));
         continue;
        }
       np = pxp->lu.sy->el.enp;
       if (np->nu.ct->n_impldecl && !np->nu.ct->n_rngknown)
        {
         /* change to vectored wire with same direction range as port */
         if (pwid > 1)
          {
           np->nu.ct->nx1 = __bld_rng_numxpr((word32) (pwid - 1), 0L, WBITS);
           np->nu.ct->nx2 = __bld_rng_numxpr(0L, 0L, WBITS);
           np->n_isavec = TRUE;
           np->nwid = pwid;
           /* vectored/scalared set to default scalared state at prep time */
           __sgfinform(472,
            "implicitly declared %s %s width changed to %d to match port width",
            __to_wtnam(__xs, np), np->nsym->synam, pwid);
          }
         np->nu.ct->n_rngknown = TRUE;
         __chg_rng_direct = TRUE;
        }
      }

     iotyp = mpp->mptyp;
     if (iotyp == IO_IN)
      {
       /* fix unc. drive to special type of constant */
       if (pxp->optyp == OPEMPTY)
        {
         pxp->szu.xclen = pwid;
         /* change node type so will eval. to right value */
         if (pxp->unc_pull != NO_UNCPULL) pxp->optyp = UNCONNPULL;

         __sgfinform(473,
          "instance %s input port %s (pos. %d) width %d unconnected",
          ip->isym->synam, __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1, pwid);

         continue;
        }
       /* notice for IS forms checks each */
       __chk_rhsexpr(pxp, pwid);
      }
     else
      {
       /* either output or inout */
       /* make OPEMPTY not unconn. drive strength form */
       if (pxp->optyp == OPEMPTY)
        {
         pxp->szu.xclen = pwid;
         if (pxp->x_stren) { pxp->x_stren = FALSE; pxp->ru.xvi = -1; }
         if (mpp->mptyp == IO_BID && !mpp->mp_jmpered)
          {
           __sgfinform(473,
            "instance %s inout port %s (pos. %d) width %d unconnected",
            ip->isym->synam, __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1, pwid);
          }
         /* already emitted special case inout unc. - not jumpered, etc. */
         /* 11/06/00 SJM - to match XL emit inform for every unc. port */
         if (mpp->mptyp != IO_BID)
          {
           __sgfinform(473,
            "instance %s output port %s (pos. %d) width %d unconnected",
            ip->isym->synam, __to_mpnam(__xs, mpp->mpsnam), pi + 1, pwid);
          }
         continue;
        }
       pxp->szu.xclen = pwid;
       __chk_lhsexpr(pxp, LHS_DECL);
       /* inout is also rhs expression */
       if (iotyp == IO_BID) __set_expr_onrhs(pxp);
      }
     /* if error in expr., do not emit size warning */
     if (sav_enum < __pv_err_cnt) continue;

     /* check port width mismatch */
     if (pxp->szu.xclen != pwid)
      {
       char s2[20], s3[RECLEN];

       __sgfwarn(602,
        "%s(%s) %s port %s (line %s) width %d mismatch with %s width %d",
        ip->isym->synam, ip->imsym->synam, __to_ptnam(s2, mpp->mptyp),
        __to_mpnam(s3, mpp->mpsnam), __bld_lineloc(__xs, mpp->mpfnam_ind,
        mpp->mplin_cnt), pwid, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, pxp), pxp->szu.xclen);
      }

     /* check same wire directions - if either concat do not check */
     /* know now both mod and inst port exprs checked */
     chk_iconn_mixeddirrng(ip, mpp, pxp);
     /* SJM - 10/08/99 - always turn off impl decl change dir since */
     /* if implicit scalar will not go through reverse code */
     __chg_rng_direct = FALSE;
    }
  }
 __expr_rhs_decl = FALSE;
}

/*
 * for inout I/O port expr. must set both rhs bits
 */
extern void __set_expr_onrhs(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if (__isleaf(ndp))
  {
   if (ndp->optyp == ID || ndp->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT)
      {
       if (np->iotyp == NON_IO) np->nu.ct->n_onrhs = TRUE;
      }
     if (!__expr_rhs_decl) np->n_onprocrhs = TRUE;
    }
   return;
  }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL) __set_expr_onrhs(ndp->lu.x);
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL) __set_expr_onrhs(ndp->ru.x);
}

/*
 * check for all xmrs in expr. and emit error if xmr into instance
 * know expr. is instance connection
 */
static void chk_iconn_downxmr(struct inst_t *ip, struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 register int32 pthi;
 struct sy_t *syp;

 if (__isleaf(ndp))
  {
   if (ndp->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     struct gref_t *grp;

     grp = ndp->ru.grp;
     if (grp->upwards_rel || grp->gr_gone || grp->gr_err) return;
     for (pthi = 0; pthi <= grp->last_gri; pthi++)
      {
       syp = grp->grcmps[pthi];
       if (syp == ip->isym)
        {
         __sgferr(788,
          "in module %s: instance %s port list contains hierarchical reference %s into same instance",
          __inst_mod->msym->synam, ip->isym->synam, grp->gnam);
        }
      }
    }
   return;
  }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL) chk_iconn_downxmr(ip, ndp->lu.x);
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL) chk_iconn_downxmr(ip, ndp->ru.x);
}

/*
 * check for mixed direction range instance
 */
static void chk_iconn_mixeddirrng(struct inst_t *ip,
 struct mod_pin_t *mpp, struct expr_t *ipxp)
{
 int32 one_is_bsel, porthl, iphl, tmp;
 int32 portr1, portr2, ipr1, ipr2;
 struct net_t *portnp, *ipnp;
 char porthls[20], iphls[20];

 /* only check for both psel, id or global, if either bsel, 1 inform */
 one_is_bsel = FALSE;
 switch ((byte) mpp->mpref->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF: portnp = mpp->mpref->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
  case PARTSEL:
get_portsel_np:
   portnp = mpp->mpref->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LSB:
   one_is_bsel = TRUE;
   goto get_portsel_np;
  default: return;
 }
 if (!portnp->n_isavec) return;
 switch ((byte) ipxp->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF: ipnp = ipxp->lu.sy->el.enp; break;
  case PARTSEL:
get_ipsel_np:
   ipnp = ipxp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LSB:
   one_is_bsel = TRUE;
   goto get_ipsel_np;
  default: return;
 }
 if (!ipnp->n_isavec) return;
 __getwir_range(portnp, &portr1, &portr2);
 __getwir_range(ipnp, &ipr1, &ipr2);

 /* if either is 1 bit range, no warn/inform */
 if (portr1 == portr2 || ipr1 == ipr2) return;

 /* here if this is implicitly declared from inst. conn. wire, just fix */
 if (__chg_rng_direct)
  {
   /* if port really low high, reverse range */
   if (portr1 < portr2)
    {
     /* only need to reverse con tab pointers */
     tmp = ipnp->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi;
     ipnp->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi = ipnp->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi;
     ipnp->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi = tmp;
    }
   __chg_rng_direct = FALSE;
   return;
  }

 if (portr1 >= portr2)
  { porthl = TRUE; strcpy(porthls, "high to low"); }
 else { porthl = FALSE; strcpy(porthls, "low to high"); }
 if (ipr1 >= ipr2)
  { iphl = TRUE; strcpy(iphls, "high to low"); }
 else { iphl = FALSE; strcpy(iphls, "low to high"); }

 if (porthl != iphl)
  {
   char s1[2*IDLEN], s2[20];

   sprintf(s1, "%s [%d:%d] %s at %s",
    __to_ptnam(s2, mpp->mptyp), portr1, portr2, portnp->nsym->synam,
    __bld_lineloc(__xs, mpp->mpfnam_ind, mpp->mplin_cnt));
   if (one_is_bsel)
    {
     __sgfinform(412,
      "type %s instance %s range [%d:%d] direction mismatch with %s",
      ip->imsym->synam, ip->isym->synam, ipr1, ipr2, s1);
    }
   else
    {
     __sgfwarn(556,
      "type %s instance %s range [%d:%d] direction mismatch with %s",
      ip->imsym->synam, ip->isym->synam, ipr1, ipr2, s1);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * free module port line no.s for one module if not already freed
 * for split all will share so only one needs to be freed
 */
extern void __free_icptab(void)
{
 register int32 ii;
 int32 pnum;
 struct srcloc_t *iplocs;
 struct inst_t *ip;
 struct mod_t *imdp;

 /* only free module from original source list */
 if (!__inst_mod->msplit && !__inst_mod->mpndsplit)
  {
   for (ii = 0; ii < __inst_mod->minum; ii++)
    {
     /* ptr to table of actual src loc records */
     iplocs = __inst_mod->iploctab[ii];

     ip = &(__inst_mod->minsts[ii]);
     imdp = ip->imsym->el.emdp;
     /* number of ports if number for contained inst */
     if ((pnum = imdp->mpnum) != 0)
      __my_free((char *) iplocs, pnum*sizeof(struct srcloc_t));
    }
   if (__inst_mod->minum != 0)
    {
     __my_free((char *) __inst_mod->iploctab,
      __inst_mod->minum*sizeof(struct srcloc_t **));
    }
  }
 __inst_mod->iploctab = NULL;
}

/*
 * check gate and continuous assigns
 * notice at this point continuous assignments still not split off
 */
static void chk_gates(void)
{
 register int32 gi, pi;
 register struct gate_t *gp;
 int32 dnum, nins;
 struct expr_t *xp;
 struct net_t *np;
 struct paramlst_t *dhdr;

 /* check gates first */
 __expr_rhs_decl = TRUE;
 for (gi = 0; gi < __inst_mod->mgnum; gi++)
  {
   gp = &(__inst_mod->mgates[gi]);

   __sfnam_ind = gp->gsym->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = gp->gsym->sylin_cnt;
   if (gp->g_class != GC_UDP)
    {
     /* returns FALSE if special gate (pull?), will then not check ports */
     /* know output port checked later */
     if (!chk_1bltingate(gp)) continue;
     nins = gp->gpnum - 1;
    }
   else
    {
     /* SJM 07/02/03 - if error here will core dump if keeps checking */
     if (!chk_1udp(gp)) continue;
     nins = gp->gmsym->el.eudpp->numins;
    }

   /* returns F on fail, must convert to unc. OPEMPTY */
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, gp->gpins[0], TRUE, FALSE, &np))
    { __free_xtree(gp->gpins[0]); set_unc_gateterm(gp, 0); }
   for (pi = 0; pi < nins; pi++)
    {
     /* can tell i/o type from gate order */
     xp = gp->gpins[pi + 1];
     __chk_rhsexpr(xp, 1);
     if (xp->is_real)
      __sgferr(781,
       "gate or udp %s input terminal %s (pos. %d) cannot have real value",
       gp->gmsym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, xp), pi + 1);
     /* for implicitly declared must mark as scalar if first use */
     if (xp->optyp == ID)
      {
       np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
       if (np->nu.ct->n_impldecl && !np->nu.ct->n_rngknown)
        np->nu.ct->n_rngknown = TRUE;
      }
    }
   if (gp->g_du.pdels == NULL) continue;

   /* check delay params, sim array built later */
   if (gp->g_class == GC_UDP)
    {
     dhdr = __copy_dellst(gp->g_du.pdels);
     if ((dnum = __chk_delparams(dhdr, "udp delay", FALSE)) == -1)
      gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
     else if (dnum > 2)
      {
       __sgferr(782, "udp has more than 2 delays (%d)", dnum);
       gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
      }
     __free_dellst(dhdr);
    }
   else
    {
     dhdr = __copy_dellst(gp->g_du.pdels);
     if ((dnum = __chk_delparams(dhdr, "built-in gate delay", FALSE)) == -1)
      gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
     else if (gp->g_class == GC_LOGIC)
      {
       if (dnum > 2)
        {
         __sgferr(783, "%s logic gate has more than 2 delays (%d)",
          gp->gmsym->synam, dnum);
          gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
        }
      }
     else if (dnum > 3)
      {
       __sgferr(775, "%s gate has more than 3 delays (%d)",
        gp->gmsym->synam, dnum);
       gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
      }
     __free_dellst(dhdr);
    }
  }
 /* unless looking for declarative, must leave in off state */
 __expr_rhs_decl = FALSE;
}

/*
 * check 1 built in gate (not udps and 1 bit contas still not gates)
 * notice normal gate just falls through and only terminal list checked
 * return F to prevent normal 1st only output gate expression checking
 * if returns F must call expression checking for each port itself
 *
 */
static int32 chk_1bltingate(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 int32 pnum;
 struct primtab_t *ptp;

 pnum = gp->gpnum;
 ptp = gp->gmsym->el.eprimp;
 switch ((byte) ptp->gateid) {
  case G_BUF: case G_NOT:
   if (pnum == 1) __sgferr(784,
    "%s gate requires at least 2 terminals", ptp->gatnam);
   else if (pnum != 2)
    __sgferr(785, "%s gate with multiple outputs unsupported", ptp->gatnam);
   break;
  case G_BUFIF0: case G_BUFIF1: case G_NOTIF0: case G_NOTIF1:
   if (pnum != 3) gate_errifn(gp, 3);
   break;
  case G_RPMOS: case G_RNMOS:
   /*FALLTHRU */
  case G_NMOS: case G_PMOS:
   chk_gate_nostren(gp);
   if (pnum != 3) gate_errifn(gp, 3);
   break;
  case G_RCMOS:
   /*FALLTHRU */
  case G_CMOS:
   chk_gate_nostren(gp);
   if (pnum != 4) gate_errifn(gp, 4);
   break;
  case G_PULLDOWN: case G_PULLUP:
   chk_pull_gate(gp);
   /* this inhibits normal checking of ports */
   return(FALSE);
  case G_TRAN: case G_RTRAN:
   chk_tran_gate(gp);
   return(FALSE);
  case G_TRANIF0: case G_TRANIF1: case G_RTRANIF0: case G_RTRANIF1:
   chk_tranif_gate(gp);
   return(FALSE);
  default:
   if (pnum < 2)
    {
     __sgferr(786, "%s gate requires at least 2 terminals", gp->gmsym->synam);
    }
   else if (pnum < 3)
    {
     __sgfwarn(573, "%s gate has only %d terminals - should have at least 3",
      gp->gmsym->synam, pnum);
    }
  }
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * write a message for a if type gate that needs 3 terminals
 */
static void gate_errifn(struct gate_t *gp, int32 n)
{
 __sgferr(787, "%s gate does not have required %d terminals",
  gp->gmsym->synam, n);
}

/*
 * emit warning and remove strength on gate that should not have it
 */
static void chk_gate_nostren(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 if (gp->g_hasst)
  {
   __sgfwarn(537, "%s gate cannot have strength", gp->gmsym->synam);
   gp->g_hasst = FALSE;
   gp->g_stval = ST_STRVAL;
  }
}

/*
 * check a tran style gate
 */
static void chk_tran_gate(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 int32 pnum;
 struct expr_t *px1, *px2;
 struct net_t *np1, *np2;

 np1 = np2 = NULL;
 /* first cannot have delay */
 if (gp->g_du.pdels != NULL)
  {
   __sgferr(816, "%s cannot have delay", gp->gmsym->synam);
   __free_dellst(gp->g_du.pdels);
   gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
  }
 /* must mark as no del since later expression checking expects no delay */
 gp->g_delrep = DT_NONE;

 /* any tran can't have strength - signal strength is preserved according */
 /* to resistive or not mos table */
 chk_gate_nostren(gp);
 px1 = px2 = NULL;
 pnum = gp->gpnum;
 if (pnum != 2) gate_errifn(gp, 2);
 if (pnum >= 1) px1 = gp->gpins[0];
 if (pnum >= 2) px2 = gp->gpins[1];
 /* for these both terminals must be lhs */
 if (px1 != NULL)
  {
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, px1, TRUE, TRUE, &np1))
    {
    __free_xtree(px1);
     /* this cannot build unc expr since cannot set pull only for inst */
     set_unc_gateterm(gp, 0);
    }
   else chk_1bit_tran(gp, px1, np1, 1);
  }

 if (px2 != NULL)
  {
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, px2, TRUE, TRUE, &np2))
    { __free_xtree(px2); set_unc_gateterm(gp, 1); }
   else chk_1bit_tran(gp, px2, np2, 2);
  }
 __inst_mod->mod_gatetran = TRUE;
 /* SJM 04/26/01 - if both terminals same, emit warning and mark as gone */
 chk_tran_terms_same(gp);
}

/*
 * check for tran or tranif with both inout terminals same expr
 * if so emit warning and mark deleted from net list
 * return T if deleted
 */
static int32 chk_tran_terms_same(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 struct expr_t *xp1, *xp2;
 struct net_t *np1, *np2;
 int32 i1, i2;

 xp1 = gp->gpins[0];
 xp2 = gp->gpins[1];
 if (xp1->optyp == ID && xp2->optyp == ID)
  {
   np1 = xp1->lu.sy->el.enp;
   np2 = xp2->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* since not xmr, can compare net addrs */
   if (np1 == np2)
    {
     __gfwarn(3117, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
      "%s %s inout terminals (%s) identical - removed because has no effect",
      gp->gmsym->synam, gp->gsym->synam, np1->nsym->synam);
     gp->g_gone = TRUE;
    }
   return(TRUE);
  }
 if (xp1->optyp == LSB && xp2->optyp == LSB)
  {
   np1 = xp1->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   np2 = xp2->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   /* know same net */
   if (np1 != np2) return(FALSE);

   if (xp1->ru.x->optyp != NUMBER || xp2->ru.x->optyp != NUMBER)
    return(FALSE);
   i1 = __contab[xp1->ru.x->ru.xvi];
   i2 = __contab[xp2->ru.x->ru.xvi];
   if (i1 == i2)
    {
     __gfwarn(3117, gp->gsym->syfnam_ind, gp->gsym->sylin_cnt,
      "%s %s inout terminals (%s[%d]) identical - gate removed because has not effect",
      gp->gmsym->synam, gp->gsym->synam, np1->nsym->synam, i1);
     gp->g_gone = TRUE;
    }
  }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * set unc (OPEMPTY) for gate terminal
 */
static void set_unc_gateterm(struct gate_t *gp, int32 pi)
{
 /* cannot use bld unc expr here since sets pull but that only for */
 /* for instances */
 __root_ndp = __alloc_newxnd();
 __root_ndp->optyp = OPEMPTY;
 __root_ndp->folded = TRUE;
 __root_ndp->szu.xclen = 1;
 gp->gpins[pi] = __root_ndp;
}

/*
 * check to make sure tran bidirectional terminal only connect to scalar
 * nets or bit selects
 */
static void chk_1bit_tran(struct gate_t *gp, struct expr_t *px,
 struct net_t *np, int32 termno)
{
 if (px->optyp == OPEMPTY)
  {
   __sgfwarn(581, "%s terminal %d unconnected - switch has no effect",
    gp->gmsym->synam, termno);
   return;
  }
 /* 07/08/00 SJM - because of complexity with switch channal also can't be */
 /* ID must be select of ID */
 if (px->optyp == PARTSEL || (px->optyp != LSB && np->n_isavec)
  || ((px->optyp == GLBREF || px->optyp == ID)
  && px->lu.sy->el.enp->nwid > 1))
  {
   __sgferr(1237, "%s terminal %d - %s not scalar or scalared bit select",
    gp->gmsym->synam, termno, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, px));
   return;
  }
 /* by here any constant converted to empty and caught above */
 if (np->nu.ct->n_dels_u.pdels != NULL)
  {
   __sgferr(1238,
    "%s terminal %d (%s) - wire %s in tran channel illegally has wire delay",
    gp->gmsym->synam, termno, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, px), np->nsym->synam);
  }
}

/*
 * check a tranif style gate
 */
static void chk_tranif_gate(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 int32 dnum, pnum;
 struct paramlst_t *dhdr;
 struct net_t *np1, *np2;
 struct expr_t *px1, *px2, *px3;

 np1 = np2 = NULL;
 if (gp->g_du.pdels != NULL)
  {
   /* can have 0,1 or 2 delays */
   dhdr = __copy_dellst(gp->g_du.pdels);
   if ((dnum = __chk_delparams(dhdr, "tranif enable delay", TRUE)) == -1)
    gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
   else if (dnum > 2)
    {
     __sgferr(799, "%s gate has more than 2 delays (%d)", gp->gmsym->synam,
      dnum);
     gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
    }
   __free_dellst(dhdr);
  }

 /* any tran can't have strength - signal strength is preserved according */
 /* to resistive or not mos table */
 chk_gate_nostren(gp);
 px1 = px2 = NULL;
 pnum = gp->gpnum;
 if (pnum != 3) gate_errifn(gp, 3);
 if (pnum >= 1) px1 = gp->gpins[0];
 if (pnum >= 2) px2 = gp->gpins[1];
 /* for these both terminal must be lhs */
 if (px1 != NULL)
  {
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, px1, TRUE, TRUE, &np1))
    { __free_xtree(px1); set_unc_gateterm(gp, 0); }
   else chk_1bit_tran(gp, px1, np1, 1);
  }
 if (px2 != NULL)
  {
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, px2, TRUE, TRUE, &np2))
    { __free_xtree(px2); set_unc_gateterm(gp, 1); }
   else chk_1bit_tran(gp, px2, np2, 2);
  }
 if (pnum < 3) return;

 /* check 3rd control normal input terminal */
 px3 = gp->gpins[2];
 __chk_rhsexpr(px3, 1);
 if (px3->is_real)
  __sgferr(781, "%s gate input terminal value %s cannot be real",
   gp->gmsym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs2, px3));
 __inst_mod->mod_gatetran = TRUE;

 /* SJM 04/26/01 - if both terminals same, emit warning and mark as gone */
 chk_tran_terms_same(gp);
}

/*
 * check a pull gate - can any any length list of lhs sources
 * all pull pins are outputs
 */
static void chk_pull_gate(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 register int32 i;
 struct expr_t *xp;
 struct net_t *np;

 /* first cannot have delay */
 if (gp->g_du.pdels != NULL)
  {
   __sgferr(816, "%s source cannot have delay", gp->gmsym->synam);
   __free_dellst(gp->g_du.pdels);
   gp->g_du.pdels = NULL;
  }
 /* must mark as no del since later expression checking expects no delay */
 gp->g_delrep = DT_NONE;

 /* for pull sources, stength defaults to pull not strong */
 /* LOOKATME - pull gate always has strength so g_hasst not checked */
 if (!gp->g_hasst) gp->g_stval = 0x2d;
 else if (gp->g_stval == 0x00)
  {
   __sgferr(1151, "%s source highz[01] strength illegal",
    gp->gmsym->synam);
  }
 else if (gp->g_stval == 0x3f)
  {
   __sgfwarn(546, "%s source supply[01] strength same as supply declaration",
    gp->gmsym->synam);
  }

 /* all ports must be legal lhs expressions except no concat and xmr */
 /* notice constant bit and part selects ok */
 for (i = 0; i < (int32) gp->gpnum; i++)
  {
   xp = gp->gpins[i];
   __chk_lhsexpr(xp, LHS_DECL);
   if (xp->optyp == LCB)
    {
     __sgferr(951, "%s source %s (pos. %d) cannot drive concatenate",
      gp->gmsym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp), i + 1);
     continue;
    }
   if (xp->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     __sgferr(959,
      "%s source cannot drive cross module reference %s (pos. %d)",
      gp->gmsym->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp), i + 1);
     continue;
    }
   else if (xp->optyp == OPEMPTY)
    {
     __sgferr(965,
      "%s source empty (,,) terminal list element (pos. %d) illegal",
      gp->gmsym->synam, i + 1);
     continue;
    }
   /* source must be wire */
   if (xp->optyp == LSB || xp->optyp == PARTSEL)
    np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   else np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (np->ntyp >= NONWIRE_ST)
    {
     __sgferr(969,
      "%s source net %s (pos. %d) type %s illegal - must be wire type",
      gp->gmsym->synam, np->nsym->synam, i + 1, __to_wtnam(__xs, np));
     continue;
    }
   if (np->ntyp == N_TRIREG)
    {
     __sgfinform(443, "%s source on trireg wire %s (pos. %d)",
      gp->gmsym->synam, np->nsym->synam, i+ 1);
     continue;
    }
   if (np->ntyp == N_SUPPLY0 || np->ntyp == N_SUPPLY1 || np->ntyp == N_TRI0
    || np->ntyp == N_TRI1)
    {
     __sgfwarn(536, "%s source on %s wire %s (pos. %d) has no effect",
      gp->gmsym->synam, np->nsym->synam, __to_wtnam(__xs, np), i+ 1);
     continue;
    }
  }
}

/*
 * check a udp
 * notice nins here includes output state if non comb.
 */
static int32 chk_1udp(struct gate_t *gp)
{
 struct udp_t *udpp;

 udpp = gp->gmsym->el.eudpp;
 udpp->u_used = TRUE;
 /* numins includes state that does not appear in udp instantiation */
 if (gp->gpnum - 1 != udpp->numins)
  {
   __sgferr(790, "udp %s has wrong number of terminals (%d) should be %d",
    gp->gmsym->synam, gp->gpnum, udpp->numins + 1);
   return(FALSE);
  }
 /* more checking */
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check a gate output (source) driving terminal more than one
 */
static int32 chk_gate_source(struct gate_t *gp, struct expr_t *xp,
 int32 nd_lhs_chk, int32 nd_1bit, struct net_t **ret_np)
{
 int32 rv;
 struct net_t *np;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 if (gp->g_class == GC_UDP) strcpy(s1, "udp"); else strcpy(s1, "gate");
 np = NULL;
 *ret_np = NULL;
 /* real driven by gate output caught also bit select from vectored wire */
 if (nd_lhs_chk)
  {
   rv = __chk_lhsexpr(xp, LHS_DECL);
   if (!rv) return(FALSE);
  }
 switch ((byte) xp->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF:
   np = xp->lu.sy->el.enp;
   if (__get_netwide(np) > 1 && !nd_1bit)
    {
     __sgfwarn(538,
      "%s %s output %s wider than 1 bit - assuming select of low bit",
      gp->gmsym->synam, s1, __to_idnam(xp));
     /* cannot be vectored vector since implied select */
     __chk_lhsdecl_scalared(xp);
    }
   break;
  case OPEMPTY: break;
  case ISNUMBER:
   if (xp->is_real) goto is_real;
   /*FALLTHRU */
  case NUMBER:
   __sgfwarn(539,
    "%s %s output drives constant - made unconnected",
    gp->gmsym->synam, s1);
   return(FALSE);
  case REALNUM:
  case ISREALNUM:
is_real:
   __sgferr(793,
    "%s %s output cannot connect to real number", gp->gmsym->synam, s1);
   return(FALSE);
  case LSB:
   np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   /* if part select, must change to bit select with warning */
   /* done after check psel called - needs normalized indices */
   if (!nd_1bit)
    {
     __sgfwarn(540, "%s %s output drives part select - assign to low bit",
      gp->gmsym->synam, s1);
    }
   np = xp->lu.x->lu.sy->el.enp;
   break;
  case LCB:
   __sgferr(794, "%s %s output terminal cannot be connected to concatenate",
    gp->gmsym->synam, s1);
   return(FALSE);
  default:
   __sgferr(795, "%s %s output expression %s illegal",
    gp->gmsym->synam, s1,  __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, xp));
   return(FALSE);
  }
 *ret_np = np;
 return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * check declarative type continuous assignments from one module
 * know cmsym NULL to get here
 *
 * this is point where 1 bit continuous assignments removed and added
 * as gates of type (token ASSIGN)
 *
 * quasi cont. assign checked in statement checking code
 */
static void chk_contas(void)
{
 register struct conta_t *cap;
 int32 lhs_gd, dnum, sav_ecnt, cwid, num_gd1bca, cai, num_cas;
 struct conta_t *last_cap, *cap2, *ca1bit_hd, *last_1bcap, *catab;
 struct expr_t *lhsx, *rhsx;
 struct paramlst_t *dhdr;

 last_cap = NULL;
 ca1bit_hd = NULL;
 last_1bcap = NULL;
 __expr_rhs_decl = TRUE;
 num_cas = 0;
 for (cap = __inst_mod->mcas, num_gd1bca = 0; cap != NULL;)
  {
   __sfnam_ind = cap->casym->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = cap->casym->sylin_cnt;

   num_cas++;
   /* error if cont. assign lhs not a wire */
   lhsx = cap->lhsx;
   rhsx = cap->rhsx;

   sav_ecnt = __pv_err_cnt;
   lhs_gd = __chk_lhsexpr(lhsx, LHS_DECL);
   /* index error still allow return of T from chk lhs expr */
   if (__pv_err_cnt > sav_ecnt) lhs_gd = FALSE;

   cwid = lhsx->szu.xclen;
   __chking_conta = TRUE;
   __rhs_isgetpat = FALSE;
   /* notice rhs here may be left as the $getpattern function call */
   __chk_rhsexpr(rhsx, cwid);

   if (rhsx->is_real || lhsx->is_real)
    __sgferr(796,
     "real expression illegal on either side of continuous assign");
   __chking_conta = FALSE;
   if (__rhs_isgetpat)
    {
     nd_1bit_concat(lhsx);
     if (cap->ca_du.pdels != NULL)
      __sgferr(797,
       "continuous assign with $getpattern on right cannot have delay");
     lhsx->getpatlhs = TRUE;
     __rhs_isgetpat = FALSE;
     goto nxt_ca;
    }
   if (cap->ca_du.pdels != NULL)
    {
     dhdr = __copy_dellst(cap->ca_du.pdels);
     if ((dnum = __chk_delparams(dhdr, "continuous assignment delay",
      FALSE)) == -1) cap->ca_du.pdels = NULL;
     else if (dnum > 3)
      {
       __sgferr(798, "continuous assign has more than 3 delays (%d)", dnum);
       cap->ca_du.pdels = NULL;
      }
     /* SJM 09/28/02 - anything but 1v need 4v table so conta del all bits */
     __free_dellst(dhdr);
    }
   /* must convert to 1 bit form if needed */
   if (lhs_gd && lhsx->szu.xclen == 1)
    {
     /* link out 1 bit ca onto tmp list */
     cap2 = cap->pbcau.canxt;

     num_gd1bca++;
     if (last_1bcap == NULL) ca1bit_hd = cap;
     else last_1bcap->pbcau.canxt = cap;
     cap->pbcau.canxt = NULL;
     last_1bcap = cap;

     if (last_cap == NULL) __inst_mod->mcas = cap2;
     else last_cap->pbcau.canxt = cap2;
     /* notice last_cap stays same when splicing out */
     cap = cap2;
     continue;
    }

nxt_ca:
   /* only get here is lhs wider than 1 bit */
   if (cap->ca_hasst)
    {
     if ((cap->ca_stval & 7) == 0 || (cap->ca_stval & 0x38) == 0)
      __sgferr(1276,
       "wider than one bit vector continuous assign highz[01] strength unsupported");
    }
   last_cap = cap;
   cap = cap->pbcau.canxt;
  }
 __expr_rhs_decl = FALSE;
 /* next re-allocate 1bit cas on end of mgates array */
 /* since conta already checked can convert and not apply gaet checks */
 if (num_gd1bca > 0)
  {
   cnv_1bcas_into_garr(num_gd1bca, ca1bit_hd);
   num_cas -= num_gd1bca;
  }

 /* final step is to convert conta to array same as m nets conversion */
 /* from now on (same as with nets) - must index through array to traverse */
 /* contas */
 catab = NULL;
 __inst_mod->mcanum = num_cas;
 if (__inst_mod->mcanum != 0)
  {
   catab = (struct conta_t *)
    __my_malloc(__inst_mod->mcanum*sizeof(struct conta_t));
  }
 for (cai = 0, cap = __inst_mod->mcas; cai < __inst_mod->mcanum; cai++)
  {
   cap2 = cap->pbcau.canxt;

   catab[cai] = *cap;
   __my_free((char *) cap, sizeof(struct conta_t));
   catab[cai].pbcau.canxt = NULL;

   cap = cap2;
  }
 __inst_mod->mcas = catab;
}

/*
 * convert the separated out 1 bit cas to gates and free cas
 *
 * tricky step required to point all symbols for name back to gate which
 * may (probably will) be moved by re-alloc
 */
static void cnv_1bcas_into_garr(int32 n1bcas, struct conta_t *ca1bit_hd)
{
 register int32 gi;
 struct conta_t *cap, *cap2;
 int32 osize, nsize;
 struct gate_t *gp;
 struct net_t *dum_np;

 dum_np = NULL;
 /* mark needed because must change back to conta for vpi_ */
 __inst_mod->mod_1bcas  = TRUE;

 /* reallocate mgates to add room at end */
 osize = __inst_mod->mgnum*sizeof(struct gate_t);
 nsize = osize + n1bcas*sizeof(struct gate_t);
 /* common for no gates in design - only 1 bit contas */
 /* know nsize at least one or will not get here */
 if (osize == 0) { gp = (struct gate_t *) __my_malloc(nsize); }
 else
  {
   gp = (struct gate_t *) __my_realloc((char *) __inst_mod->mgates,
    osize, nsize);
  }
 __inst_mod->mgates = gp;
 /* reset each el egp field */
 for (gi = 0; gi < __inst_mod->mgnum; gi++)
  {
   gp = &(__inst_mod->mgates[gi]);
   gp->gsym->el.egp = gp;
  }

 /* notice number is index of one after */
 gi = __inst_mod->mgnum;
 __inst_mod->mgnum += n1bcas;
 for (cap = ca1bit_hd; cap != NULL; gi++)
  {
   gp = &(__inst_mod->mgates[gi]);
   convert_1bca_togate(gp, cap);

   /* just move the conta built inst. */
   gp->gsym = cap->casym;
   gp->gsym->el.egp = gp;
   gp->gsym->sytyp = SYM_PRIM;
   if (!chk_gate_source(gp, gp->gpins[0], FALSE, FALSE, &dum_np))
    {
     __free_xtree(gp->gpins[0]);
     set_unc_gateterm(gp, 0);
    }
   /* free and link out conta */
   cap2 = cap->pbcau.canxt;
   /* ca scheduled event array not yet allocated */
   __my_free((char *) cap, sizeof(struct conta_t));
   cap = cap2;
  }
}

/*
 * convert a 1 bit continuous assign to a gate and link on end
 * of module's gate list - returns F if not converted
 *
 * this fills passed gate struct from within mgates
 * notice this can not return nil
 * other fields initialized later
 */
static struct gate_t *convert_1bca_togate(struct gate_t *gp,
 struct conta_t *cap)
{
 /* caller sets gsym */
 gp->gsym = NULL;
 gp->gmsym = __ca1bit_syp;

 gp->gpnum = 2;
 gp->g_hasst = cap->ca_hasst;
 gp->g_stval = cap->ca_stval;
 gp->g_delrep = cap->ca_delrep;
 /* assign delay union */
 gp->g_du = cap->ca_du;
 gp->schd_tevs = NULL;
 gp->g_class = GC_LOGIC;
 gp->g_pdst = FALSE;
 gp->g_unam = FALSE;
 gp->g_gone = FALSE;
 gp->gstate.wp = NULL;
 gp->gattrs = NULL;

 /* build the special output, temp form */
 gp->gpins = (struct expr_t **) __my_malloc(2*sizeof(struct expr_t *));
 gp->gpins[0] = cap->lhsx;
 gp->gpins[1] = cap->rhsx;
 /* caller must free and unlink continuous assign */
 return(gp);
}

/*
 * for get pattern continuous assigment must be scalar wire or concat of
 * scalar wires (lhs of conta assign non wire already caught)
 */
static void nd_1bit_concat(struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 register struct expr_t *catndp;

 if (lhsx->optyp == LCB)
  {
   for (catndp = lhsx->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
    chk_getpat_nonscal(catndp->lu.x);
   return;
  }
 __sgferr(800,
  "$getpattern continous assign lvalue must be concatenate of scalar wires");
}

/*
 * error if non scalar net
 * know this is wire
 */
static void chk_getpat_nonscal(struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if (lhsx->optyp == GLBREF)
  {
   __sgferr(801,
    "$getpattern assign lvalue hierarchical path reference %s illegal",
    __to_idnam(lhsx));
   return;
  }
 if (lhsx->optyp != ID)
  {
   __sgferr(802, "$getpattern assign lvalue element %s not a simple wire",
     __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, lhsx));
   return;
  }
 np = lhsx->lu.sy->el.enp;
 if (np->n_isavec)
  __sgferr(966,
   "$getpattern continous assign lvalue element %s not a scalar",
   __to_idnam(lhsx));
 if (np->n_stren)
  __sgferr(967,
   "$getpattern continous assign lvalue element %s has strength",
   __to_idnam(lhsx));
}

/*
 * check a user function definition
 * this must undeclare if error because cannot check call
 * know function defined at top level of __inst_mod
 */
static void chk_funcdef(struct task_t *tskp)
{
 int32 saverr_cnt;

 __cur_tsk = tskp;
 saverr_cnt = __pv_err_cnt;
 /* check definition args */
 chk_fdef_args(tskp);

 /* SJM 09/28/01 - see if func call other non sys func */
 __func_has_fcall = FALSE;

 /* first check all statements normally */
 __chk_lstofsts(tskp->tskst);
 if (__func_has_fcall) tskp->fhas_fcall = TRUE;

 /* check all sub statements for illegal delay controls */
 /* also sets name_assigned_to if name somewhere on assign lhs */
 __task_has_delay = FALSE;
 __task_has_tskcall = FALSE;
 __name_assigned_to = FALSE;
 __locfnamsyp = tskp->tskpins->tpsy;
 __nbsti = -1;
 __checking_only = FALSE;
 __chk_nodel_lstofsts(tskp->tskst);
 __checking_only = TRUE;
 if (!__name_assigned_to)
  __gfwarn(647, tskp->tsksyp->syfnam_ind, tskp->tsksyp->sylin_cnt,
   "no assignment to function name %s in body", tskp->tsksyp->synam);
 /* must leave name assigned to off, unless checking func. def body */
 else __name_assigned_to = FALSE;
 if (__pv_err_cnt != saverr_cnt) tskp->tsksyp->sydecl = FALSE;
 __cur_tsk = NULL;
}

/*
 * check a function def arguments
 * all ports inputs and 1 required
 */
static void chk_fdef_args(struct task_t *tskp)
{
 register struct task_pin_t *tpp;
 int32 ai;
 struct sy_t *syp;
 struct net_t *np;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 /* function definition return value missing */
 if ((tpp = tskp->tskpins) == NULL)
  __misc_gfterr(__FILE__, __LINE__, tskp->tsksyp->syfnam_ind,
   tskp->tsksyp->sylin_cnt);
 if (tpp->tpsy->sytyp != SYM_N) __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* assign err replaces unused err, this rhs of func. return value assign */
 np = tpp->tpsy->el.enp;
 /* notice not set n_onprocrhs since only needed for wires */
 if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT) np->nu.ct->n_onrhs = TRUE;

 if ((tpp = tpp->tpnxt) == NULL)
  {
   __gferr(867, tskp->tsksyp->syfnam_ind, tskp->tsksyp->sylin_cnt,
    "function %s definition requires at least one input argument",
    tskp->tsksyp->synam);
   return;
  }
 for (ai = 1; tpp != NULL; tpp = tpp->tpnxt, ai++)
  {
   if (tpp->trtyp != IO_IN)
    {
     syp = tpp->tpsy;
     __gferr(868, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
      "function %s argument %s illegal - must be input",
      __to_ptnam(s1, tpp->trtyp), syp->synam);
    }
   if (tpp->tpsy->sytyp != SYM_N) __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   np = tpp->tpsy->el.enp;
   if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT) np->nu.ct->n_onlhs = TRUE;
   /* SJM 01/14/1999 - arrays illegal formal function arguments */
   if (np->n_isarr)
    {
     syp = tpp->tpsy;
     __gferr(869, syp->syfnam_ind, syp->sylin_cnt,
      "function %s definition entire array formal argument %s (pos. %d) illegal - must be simple variable",
      tskp->tsksyp->synam, syp->synam, ai);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * check func. def. and task statement list
 * if func. def. and delay error, else just set flag for optimization
 */
extern void __chk_nodel_lstofsts(struct st_t *fhdstp)
{
 register struct st_t *stp;

 /* then check for illegal in func def. statements */
 for (stp = fhdstp; stp != NULL; stp = stp->stnxt) chk_nodel_stmt(stp);
}

/*
 * check task body statement list for time movement constructs
 * for functions emits errors, for rest sets flags
 * for every named block sets time movement task bits for optimization
 *
 * think could allow distant disables and causes and still could optimize
 * but for now using function rules
 * assumes normal statement checking already finished
 * notice always called after statement checking so disables fixed up
 */
static void chk_nodel_stmt(struct st_t *stp)
{
 char s1[RECLEN];

 switch ((byte) stp->stmttyp) {
  case S_NULL: case S_STNONE: break;
  /* legal statements */
  case S_PROCA: case S_FORASSGN: case S_RHSDEPROCA:
   /* notice for rhs delay control - wrong delay control caught at dctrl */
   if (!__checking_only || !__name_assigned_to)
    {
     if (lhsexpr_hassym(stp->st.spra.lhsx, __locfnamsyp))
      __name_assigned_to = TRUE;
    }
   break;
  /* these do not count as assignment to name */
  case S_QCONTA: case S_QCONTDEA:
   break;
  case S_IF:
   __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.sif.thenst);
   if (stp->st.sif.elsest != NULL) __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.sif.elsest);
   break;
  case S_CASE:
   {
    register struct csitem_t *csip;
    struct csitem_t *dflt_csip;

    /* first always default or place holder for default in no st */
    dflt_csip = stp->st.scs.csitems;
    for (csip = dflt_csip->csinxt; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
     {
      __chk_nodel_lstofsts(csip->csist);
     }
    if (dflt_csip->csist != NULL) __chk_nodel_lstofsts(dflt_csip->csist);
   }
   break;
  case S_FOREVER:
  case S_WHILE:
   __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_REPEAT:
   __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.srpt.repst);
   break;
  case S_FOR:
   {
    struct for_t *frs;

    frs = stp->st.sfor;
    chk_nodel_stmt(frs->forassgn);
    chk_nodel_stmt(frs->forinc);
    __chk_nodel_lstofsts(frs->forbody);
   }
   break;
  /* illegal statements */
  case S_TSKCALL:
   {
    struct expr_t *tkxp;

    tkxp = stp->st.stkc.tsksyx;
    /* $stop system tasks requires iact schedule */
    if (strcmp(tkxp->lu.sy->synam, "$stop") == 0) __iact_must_sched = TRUE;

    if ((tkxp->optyp == ID || tkxp->optyp == GLBREF)
     && *(tkxp->lu.sy->synam) != '$')
     {
      if (__checking_only) __task_has_tskcall = TRUE;
      else
       {
        __gferr(870, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
         "user task %s enable illegal in function body", __to_idnam(tkxp));
       }
     }
   }
   break;
  /* for these check sub statement even though must have delay */
  case S_DELCTRL:
   if (stp->st.sdc->actionst != NULL)
    __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.sdc->actionst);
   goto bad_fdstmt;
  case S_WAIT:
   __chk_nodel_lstofsts(stp->st.swait.lpst);
   goto bad_fdstmt;
  case S_UNFJ:
   {
    int32 fji;
    struct st_t *fjstp;
    int32 sav_has_tskcall, has_timemove;

    has_timemove = FALSE;
    sav_has_tskcall = __task_has_tskcall;
    __task_has_delay = TRUE;
    __task_has_tskcall = FALSE;
    for (fji = 0;; fji++)
     {
      if ((fjstp = stp->st.fj.fjstps[fji]) == NULL) break;
      __chk_nodel_lstofsts(fjstp);
      if (__task_has_delay || __task_has_tskcall) has_timemove = TRUE;
     }
    if (!has_timemove)
     {
      __gfwarn(606, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
        "unnamed fork-join components probably have no time movement");
     }
    if (!__task_has_tskcall) __task_has_tskcall = sav_has_tskcall;
    /* always has time fork-join always has time move since needs threads */
   }
   goto bad_fdstmt;
  /* non blocking procedural assign implies time movement so can not */
  /* be in function that is execed outside of time */
  case S_NBPROCA:
  /* these are simple delay statements */
  case S_CAUSE:
bad_fdstmt:
   if (__checking_only) __task_has_delay = TRUE;
   else
    {
     __gferr(870, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
      "%s illegal in function body", __to_sttyp(s1, stp->stmttyp));
    }
   break;
  /* possibly illegal statements */
  case S_NAMBLK:
   /* legal except for fork */
   {
    struct task_t *nbtskp;
    int32 sav_has_delay, sav_has_tskcall;

    sav_has_delay = __task_has_delay;
    sav_has_tskcall = __task_has_tskcall;
    __task_has_delay = FALSE;
    __task_has_tskcall = FALSE;
    nbtskp = stp->st.snbtsk;
    __push_nbstk(stp);
    if (nbtskp->tsktyp == FORK)
     {
      int32 fji;
      int32 has_timemove;
      struct st_t *stp2;
      struct st_t *fjstp;

      stp2 = nbtskp->tskst;
      has_timemove = FALSE;
      /* named fork-join is task with 1 UNFJ statement */
      for (fji = 0;; fji++)
       {
        if ((fjstp = stp2->st.fj.fjstps[fji]) == NULL) break;
        __chk_nodel_lstofsts(fjstp);
        if (__task_has_delay || __task_has_tskcall) has_timemove = TRUE;
       }
      if (!has_timemove)
       {
        __gfwarn(606, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
         "named fork-join components probably have no time movement");
       }
      if (!__task_has_tskcall) __task_has_tskcall = sav_has_tskcall;
      goto bad_fdstmt;
     }
    __chk_nodel_lstofsts(nbtskp->tskst);
    if (!__task_has_delay) __task_has_delay = sav_has_delay;
    if (__task_has_tskcall) nbtskp->thas_tskcall = TRUE;
    else __task_has_tskcall = sav_has_tskcall;
    __pop_nbstk();
   }
   break;
  case S_UNBLK:
   /* must check statements below */
   {
    register struct st_t *stp2;

    for (stp2 = stp->st.sbsts; stp2 != NULL; stp2 = stp2->stnxt)
     chk_nodel_stmt(stp2);
   }
   break;
  case S_DSABLE:
   /* this may or may not be a delay */
   chk_nodel_dsable(stp);
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
}

/*
 * check a function definition (body) disable
 * think possibly here, can still optimize and avoid thread for tasks even
 * if they disable other tasks - but for now forcing thread.
 */
static void chk_nodel_dsable(struct st_t *stp)
{
 struct expr_t *dsxp;
 struct sy_t *syp;
 int32 dummy;

 /* task disable illegal - named block ok if above in func. body */
 dsxp = stp->st.sdsable.dsablx;
 /* assume above */
 syp = dsxp->lu.sy;
 if (syp->sytyp == SYM_TSK)
  {
   if (__checking_only)
    {
     /* if disabling current task still above */
     if (syp->el.etskp != __cur_tsk) goto set_has_del;
     return;
    }
   __gferr(873, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
    "task %s disable illegal in function body", __to_idnam(dsxp));
   return;
  }
 /* cannot disable anything outside of function also - qualified name */
 /* ok if within function */
 /* cannot disable anything not upward for function */
 if (dsxp->optyp == GLBREF)
  {
   if (__checking_only) goto set_has_del;
   __gferr(874, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
    "disable of cross module reference %s illegal in function",
    __to_idnam(dsxp));
   return;
  }
 /* if called from func., ok to disable function name */
 if (syp->sytyp == SYM_F)
  {
   if (syp->el.etskp != __cur_tsk)
    {
     if (__checking_only) goto set_has_del;

     __gferr(866, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
      "disable of function %s illegal inside other function %s",
      __to_idnam(dsxp), __cur_tsk->tsksyp->synam);
    }
   return;
  }
 /* OK to disable function from within body */
 if (__nbsti >= 0 && __is_upward_dsable_syp(syp,
  __nbstk[__nbsti]->st.snbtsk->tsksymtab, &dummy)) return;
 if (__checking_only) goto set_has_del;

 __gferr(875, stp->stfnam_ind, stp->stlin_cnt,
  "disable of non enclosing named block %s inside function %s illegal",
  __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, dsxp), __locfnamsyp->synam);
 return;

set_has_del:
 __task_has_delay = TRUE;
}

/*
 * return T if lhs expression contains lhs symbol
 */
static int32 lhsexpr_hassym(struct expr_t *ndp, struct sy_t *syp)
{
 register struct expr_t *ndp2;

 switch ((byte) ndp->optyp) {
   case ID:
    if (ndp->lu.sy == syp) return(TRUE);
    break;
   case GLBREF: case NUMBER: case REALNUM: break;
   case LSB: case PARTSEL:
    if (ndp->lu.x->lu.sy == syp) return(TRUE);
    break;
   case LCB:
    /* know only 1 level of lhs concatenates (at least by here) */
    for (ndp2 = ndp->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
     {
      /* widths get set after checking */
      if (ndp2->lu.x->lu.sy == syp) return(TRUE);
     }
    break;
   default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * RANGE MANIPULATION ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * get width of net - cannot be called unless n_isavec is TRUE
 * used when know vector width needed even if array
 *
 * notice always know range is no inst. specific - if defparam in
 * in range assigned to must really split.
 */
extern int32 __get_netwide(struct net_t *np)
{
 register int32 i1, i2;
 int32 wid;

 if (!np->n_isavec) return(1);

 i1 = i2 = 0;
 if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT)
  {
   i1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
   i2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];

   if (i1 == -1 || i2 == -2) __arg_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   wid = (i1 >= i2) ? (i1 - i2 + 1) : (i2 - i1 + 1);
   return(wid);
  }
 return(np->nwid);
}

/*
 * get array width (i.e. width of range or number of elements in memory)
 */
extern int32 __get_arrwide(struct net_t *np)
{
 register int32 w1, w2;

 w1 = w2 = 0;
 switch ((byte) np->nrngrep) {
  case NX_CT:
   w1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->ax1->ru.xvi];
   w2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->ax2->ru.xvi];
   break;
  case NX_ARR:
   w1 = np->nu.rngarr->ai1;
   w2 = np->nu.rngarr->ai2;
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
 return((w1 >= w2) ? (w1 - w2 + 1) : (w2 - w1 + 1));
}

/*
 * get vector range extremes independent of representation
 * (for both compile and run times)
 * this can only be called for known vector not scalar
 *
 * returns false if cannot determine range (unfolded still)
 * this will return vector width of array
 * must use bit to determine if vector or not
 */
extern void __getwir_range(struct net_t *np, int32 *xr1, int32 *xr2)
{
 register int32 r1, r2;

 r1 = r2 = 0;
 switch ((byte) np->nrngrep) {
  case NX_CT:
   r1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx1->ru.xvi];
   r2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->nx2->ru.xvi];
   break;
  case NX_ARR: r1 = np->nu.rngarr->ni1; r2 = np->nu.rngarr->ni2; break;
  case NX_DWIR: r1 = np->nu.rngdwir->ni1; r2 = np->nu.rngdwir->ni2; break;
  case NX_WIR: r1 = np->nu.rngwir->ni1; r2 = np->nu.rngwir->ni2; break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
 *xr1 = r1;
 *xr2 = r2;
}

/*
 * run time get array range extremes independent of representation
 * must use bit to determine if array or not
 *
 * returns false if cannot determine range (unfolded still)
 * this will return array width of array
 */
extern void __getarr_range(struct net_t *np, int32 *mr1, int32 *mr2, int32 *arrwid)
{
 register int32 r1, r2;

 r1 = r2 = 0;
 /* notice fall thru on things with no array range */
 switch ((byte) np->nrngrep) {
  case NX_CT:
   if (np->n_isarr)
    {
     r1 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->ax1->ru.xvi];
     r2 = (int32) __contab[np->nu.ct->ax2->ru.xvi];
    }
   break;
  case NX_ARR: r1 = np->nu.rngarr->ai1; r2 = np->nu.rngarr->ai2; break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
 *arrwid = (r1 > r2) ? r1 - r2 + 1 : r2 - r1 + 1;
 *mr1 = r1;
 *mr2 = r2;
}

/*
 * routine to map normalized h:0 form index back to input value
 * know indi in range and wire type determines if array or wire select
 */
extern int32 __unnormalize_ndx(struct net_t *np, int32 indi)
{
 int32 r1, r2, obwid;

 if (np->n_isarr) __getarr_range(np, &r1, &r2, &obwid);
 else if (np->n_isavec) __getwir_range(np, &r1, &r2);
 else return(indi);
 if (r1 >= r2) return(r2 + indi); else return(r2 - indi);
}

/*
 * map normalized h:0 constant index to value in source world
 * already processed to word32 and know in range
 *
 * just like C implied truncating assign to 32 bit value
 * constants are already normalized during compilation
 */
extern int32 __unmap_ndx(int32 biti, int32 ri1, int32 ri2)
{
 if (ri1 >= ri2) { if (ri1 != 0) biti -= ri2; }
 else { if (ri2 != 0) biti = ri2 - biti; }
 return(biti);
}

/*
 * VARIABLE INITIALIZE ASSIGNMENT CHECKING ROUTINES
 */

/*
 * check a module's var init rhs exprs
 */
static void chk_varinits(void)
{
 register struct varinitlst_t *initp;

 initp = __inst_mod->mvarinits;
 for (; initp != NULL; initp = initp->varinitnxt)
  {
   __sfnam_ind = initp->init_syp->syfnam_ind;
   __slin_cnt = initp->init_syp->sylin_cnt;

   if (!__chk_paramexpr(initp->init_xp, initp->init_syp->el.enp->nwid))
    {
     __sgferr(3431,
      "variable assign to %s initializing expression %s illegal - numbers and parameters only",
      initp->init_syp->synam, __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, initp->init_xp));

     /* need to still add value of x to prevent further errors */
     __free2_xtree(initp->init_xp);
     /* SJM 09/30/04 - LOOKATME - maybe needs to be right width x's */
     initp->init_xp->szu.xclen = 1;
     __set_numval(initp->init_xp, ALL1W, ALL1W, 1);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * STATEMENT CHECKING ROUTINES
 */


/*
 * routines to check fix up statements
 */
static void chk_stmts(void)
{
 register struct ialst_t *ialp;

 for (ialp = __inst_mod->ialst; ialp != NULL; ialp = ialp->ialnxt)
  {
   __cur_tsk = NULL;
   __chk_lstofsts(ialp->iastp);
   /* also check no del statement lists to set various task/block bits */
   __task_has_delay = FALSE;
   __task_has_tskcall = FALSE;
   __nbsti = -1;
   __chk_nodel_lstofsts(ialp->iastp);
  }
}

/*
 * check a statement list
 */
extern void __chk_lstofsts(struct st_t *hdstp)
{
 register struct st_t *stp;

 /* notice legal empty statement list just does nothing here */
 for (stp = hdstp; stp != NULL; stp = stp->stnxt) chk_1stmt(stp);
}

/*
 * check 1 statement
 */
static void chk_1stmt(struct st_t *stp)
{
 int32 save_lno, save_fni, cwid, is_regform;

 /* save callers values */
 save_fni = __sfnam_ind;
 save_lno = __slin_cnt;
 __sfnam_ind = stp->stfnam_ind;
 __slin_cnt = stp->stlin_cnt;

 switch ((byte) stp->stmttyp) {
  case S_NULL: case S_STNONE: break;
  /* if delay prefix action part of delay control */
  case S_PROCA: case S_FORASSGN: case S_RHSDEPROCA: case S_NBPROCA:
   __chk_lhsexpr(stp->st.spra.lhsx, LHS_PROC);
   if (stp->st.spra.lhsx->optyp == LCB && stp->st.spra.lhsx->szu.xclen == 1)
    __sgfwarn(542, "procedural assign lvalue 1 bit concatenate unusual");
   cwid = stp->st.spra.lhsx->szu.xclen;
   __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.spra.rhsx, cwid);

   /* SJM 10/08/04 - for Ver 2001 because WBITS can be 64 - must widen */
   /* unsized constant (unsiznum bit in expr rec on) to lhs width */
   if (stp->st.spra.rhsx->optyp == NUMBER && stp->st.spra.rhsx->unsiznum
    && stp->st.spra.rhsx->szu.xclen < stp->st.spra.lhsx->szu.xclen)
    {
     stp->st.spra.rhsx = __widen_unsiz_rhs_assign(stp->st.spra.rhsx,
      stp->st.spra.lhsx->szu.xclen);
    }
   break;
  case S_IF:
   __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.sif.condx, 0);
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.sif.thenst);
   if (stp->st.sif.elsest != NULL) __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.sif.elsest);
   break;
  case S_CASE:
   chk_case(stp);
   break;
  case S_WAIT:
   /* notice this is level sensitive condition cannot be event expr */
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (stp->st.swait.lpx == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.swait.lpx, 0);
   if (__isleaf(stp->st.swait.lpx) && stp->st.swait.lpx->optyp != ID
    && stp->st.swait.lpx->optyp != GLBREF)
    __sgfinform(413, "wait expression constant - use loop");

   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.swait.lpst);
   break;
  case S_FOREVER:
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_REPEAT:
   if (stp->st.srpt.repx != NULL)
    {
     __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.srpt.repx, 0);
     if (stp->st.srpt.repx->szu.xclen > WBITS)
      __sgfwarn(543,
       "truncation of repeat count from %d to 32 bits - high bits ignored",
       stp->st.srpt.repx->szu.xclen);
    }
   else __sgferr(803, "required repeat statement repeat count missing");
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.srpt.repst);
   break;
  case S_WHILE:
   if (stp->st.swh.lpx != NULL)
    {
     __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.swh.lpx, 0);
     /* SJM 04/05/02 - this warning is wrong - while not truncated - REMOVED */
     /* ---
     if (stp->st.swh.lpx->szu.xclen > WBITS)
      __sgfwarn(544,
       "truncation of while expression from %d to 32 bits - high bits ignored",
       stp->st.swh.lpx->szu.xclen);
     --- */
    }
   else __sgferr(804, "while statement required while expression missing");
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_FOR:
   {
    struct for_t *frs;

    /* notice for statement must use temporaries of right width */
    frs = stp->st.sfor;
    chk_1stmt(frs->forassgn);
    if (frs->fortermx != NULL) __chk_rhsexpr(frs->fortermx, 0);
    chk_1stmt(frs->forinc);
    __chk_lstofsts(frs->forbody);
   }
   break;
  case S_DELCTRL:
   chk_dctrl(stp->st.sdc);
   break;
  case S_NAMBLK:
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.snbtsk->tskst);
   break;
  case S_UNBLK:
   __chk_lstofsts(stp->st.sbsts);
   break;
  case S_UNFJ:
   {
    register int32 fji;
    struct st_t *fjstp;

    /* 1 sub stmt only, for unnamed begin-end will be unnamed block */
    for (fji = 0;; fji++)
     {
      if ((fjstp = stp->st.fj.fjstps[fji]) == NULL) break;
      /* SJM 09/24/01 - this can be 2 stmts for for (for assgn then for) */
      __chk_lstofsts(fjstp);
     }
   }
   break;
  case S_TSKCALL:
   __chk_tskenable(stp);
   break;
  case S_QCONTA:
   /* quasi-continuous assign is either proc. assign or force */
   chk_qclvalue(stp->st.sqca->qclhsx, stp->st.sqca->qcatyp, &is_regform);
   __set_lhswidth(stp->st.sqca->qclhsx);
   cwid = stp->st.sqca->qclhsx->szu.xclen;
   __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx, cwid);
   stp->st.sqca->regform = is_regform;

   /* SJM 10/08/04 - for Ver 2001 because WBITS can be 64 - must widen */
   /* unsized constant (unsiznum bit in expr rec on) to lhs width */
   if (stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx->optyp == NUMBER
    && stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx->unsiznum
    && stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx->szu.xclen < stp->st.sqca->qclhsx->szu.xclen)
    {
     stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx = __widen_unsiz_rhs_assign(stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx,
      stp->st.sqca->qclhsx->szu.xclen);
    }

   /* SJM 07/16/03 - illegal if rhs expr. contains lhs being forced lvalue */
   chk_circular_qc_stmt(stp);
   break;
  case S_QCONTDEA:
   /* quasi-continuous deassign is either proc. deassign or release */
   chk_qclvalue(stp->st.sqcdea.qcdalhs, stp->st.sqcdea.qcdatyp, &is_regform);
   __set_lhswidth(stp->st.sqcdea.qcdalhs);
   stp->st.sqcdea.regform = is_regform;
   break;
  case S_DSABLE:
   chk_disable(stp);
   break;
  case S_CAUSE:
   {
    struct expr_t *ndp;
    struct sy_t *syp;
    struct net_t *np;

    ndp = stp->st.scausx;
    if (ndp->optyp != GLBREF && ndp->optyp != ID)
     {
      __sgferr(806, "cause argument %s must be simple event name",
       __msgexpr_tostr(__xs, ndp));
      break;
     }
    syp = ndp->lu.sy;
    if (syp->sytyp == SYM_N) np = syp->el.enp; else np = NULL;
    if (syp->sytyp != SYM_N || np->ntyp != N_EVENT)
     {
      if (np == NULL) __to_sytyp(__xs, syp->sytyp);
      else __to_wtnam(__xs, np);
      __sgferr(807,
       "cause right hand side symbol \"%s\" type %s is not an event",
       __to_idnam(ndp), __xs);
     }
    /* cause is lhs assign for event */
    if (np->nrngrep == NX_CT) np->nu.ct->n_onlhs = TRUE;
   }
   break;
   default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }
 /* restore callers values */
 __sfnam_ind = save_fni;
 __slin_cnt = save_lno;
}

/*
 * routine to widen unsized number to lhs context
 *
 * know only called for literal numbers - maybe literal from folding
 * and think folded bit will be on for all but fcalls but not using
 *
 * this is special widen with x/z extend in addition to sign extend
 * but if word32, does not extend the high 1
 *
 * needed from Ver 2001 change because WBITS can now be 64 so for
 * any of the assigns (proc, cont, func/task input and force/assign)
 * need to use lhs context to widen unsized number to that size
 * with sign and x/z extend
 */
extern struct expr_t *__widen_unsiz_rhs_assign(struct expr_t *rhsx,
 int32 lhswid)
{
 int32 owlen, bi;
 word32 *owp;
 struct xstk_t *xsp;

 owlen = wlen_(rhsx->szu.xclen);
 push_xstk_(xsp, rhsx->szu.xclen);
 owp = &(__contab[rhsx->ru.xvi]);
 memcpy(xsp->ap, owp, 2*owlen*WRDBYTES);

 /* notice not lhs signed because signed does not corss = */
 if (rhsx->has_sign) __sgn_xtnd_widen(xsp, lhswid);
 else
  {
   /* if x/z - b part high bit on, then widen both a and b parts */
   bi = get_bofs_(rhsx->szu.xclen - 1);
   if ((xsp->bp[owlen - 1] & (1 << bi)) != 0)
    {
     /* notice since x/z bit on - can treat as sign extend widen since */
     /* reduces to x/z widen case */
     __sgn_xtnd_widen(xsp, lhswid);
    }
  }
 rhsx = bld_num_expr(xsp);
 __pop_xstk();
 return(rhsx);
}

/*
 * check a case statement
 *
 * SJM 05/10/04 - new algorithm turns off sign bit for widening if needed
 * for * every expression if select expr word32, if select expr signed
 * then compares are signed if match signed else unsigned
 */
static void chk_case(struct st_t *stp)
{
 register struct csitem_t *csip;
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;
 int32 xwid, maxselwid, nd_realcnv, nd_unsgn_widen;
 struct csitem_t *dflt_csip;

 dflt_csip = stp->st.scs.csitems;
 /* first find maximum selection expression width */
 csip = dflt_csip->csinxt;
 for (maxselwid = 0; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* check each expression in possible list */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     xwid = __get_rhswidth(xplp->xp);
     if (xwid > maxselwid) maxselwid = xwid;
    }
  }
 /* including selector itself */
 xwid = __get_rhswidth(stp->st.scs.csx);

 if (xwid > maxselwid) maxselwid = xwid;
 stp->st.scs.maxselwid = (word32) maxselwid;

 /* now check expression using max. width context */
 for (csip = dflt_csip->csinxt; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* check each expression in possible list */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     __chk_rhsexpr(xplp->xp, maxselwid);
    }
   /* this must be a statement (at least null) */
   __chk_lstofsts(csip->csist);
  }
 __chk_rhsexpr(stp->st.scs.csx, maxselwid);

 if (dflt_csip->csist != NULL) __chk_lstofsts(dflt_csip->csist);

 /* SJM 12/12/03 - because real bit only turned on when rhs expr chk called */
 /* must set the real bits after do all other checking */
 /* one pass sets the flag if any expr real (select or case item) */
 csip = dflt_csip->csinxt;
 nd_unsgn_widen = FALSE;
 for (nd_realcnv = FALSE; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* check each expression in possible list */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     if (xplp->xp->is_real) nd_realcnv = TRUE;
     if (!xplp->xp->has_sign) nd_unsgn_widen = TRUE;
    }
  }
 if (stp->st.scs.csx->is_real) nd_realcnv = TRUE;
 if (stp->st.scs.csx->has_sign) nd_unsgn_widen = TRUE;

 if (!nd_realcnv && !nd_unsgn_widen) return;

 for (csip = dflt_csip->csinxt; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* check each expression in possible list */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     if (nd_realcnv)
      {
       if (!xplp->xp->is_real) xplp->xp->cnvt_to_real = TRUE;
      }
     if (nd_unsgn_widen)
      {
       if (xplp->xp->has_sign) xplp->xp->unsgn_widen = TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
 if (nd_realcnv)
  {
   if (!stp->st.scs.csx->is_real) stp->st.scs.csx->cnvt_to_real = TRUE;
  }
 if (nd_unsgn_widen)
  {
   if (stp->st.scs.csx->has_sign) stp->st.scs.csx->unsgn_widen = TRUE;
  }
}

/*
 * check a delay control statement
 */
static void chk_dctrl(struct delctrl_t *dctp)
{
 int32 sav_ecnt;
 struct paramlst_t *dhdr;

 /* even if error keeep checking - also know list has exactly 1 element */
 if (dctp->dctyp == DC_EVENT || dctp->dctyp == DC_RHSEVENT)
  {
   /* SJM 06/01/04 - if implicit list form "@(*)" no expr to check */
   if (!dctp->implicit_evxlst)
    {
     __chk_evxpr(dctp->dc_du.pdels->plxndp);
    }
  }
 /* pound form normal rhs expression checked here */
 /* notice delay controls even if numbers scaled at execution time */
 /* always only and at least 1 value */
 else
  {
   dhdr = __copy_dellst(dctp->dc_du.pdels);
   __chk_delparams(dhdr, "procedural delay control", FALSE);
   __free_dellst(dhdr);
  }

 if (dctp->repcntx != NULL)
  {
   __chk_rhsexpr(dctp->repcntx, 0);

   if (dctp->repcntx->szu.xclen > WBITS)
    {
     __sgfwarn(543,
      "truncation of right hand side event control repeat count from %d to 32 bits - high bits ignored",
      dctp->repcntx->szu.xclen);
    }
  }

 sav_ecnt = __pv_err_cnt;
 /* for RHS delay control know is assign, else can be spliced up list */
 /* algorithm here is bottom up because this may process implicit @* forms */
 if (dctp->actionst != NULL) __chk_lstofsts(dctp->actionst);

 /* final step (must be done after statement checking) build the */
 /* all rhs form evxpr list */
 if (dctp->implicit_evxlst)
  {
   /* if errors in stmts can't build this list - make it empty */
   if (sav_ecnt > __pv_err_cnt)
    {
     __sgfwarn(3134, "implicit @(*) event control action statement has syntax errors - can't build implicit change list");
     __bld_unc_expr();
     dctp->dc_du.pdels->plxndp = __root_ndp;
     return;
    }
   if (dctp->actionst == NULL)
    {
     __sgfwarn(3135, "implicit @(*) event control no action statement - no implicit change list");
     __bld_unc_expr();
     dctp->dc_du.pdels->plxndp = __root_ndp;
     return;
    }

   /* if nothing in list - expr become op empty and no triggers */
   __impl_evlst_hd = __impl_evlst_tail = NULL;
   bld_stlst_evxlst(dctp->actionst);
   if (__impl_evlst_hd != NULL)
    {
     dctp->dc_du.pdels->plxndp = bld_evlst_comma_expr();
     __impl_evlst_hd = __impl_evlst_tail = NULL;

     /* SJM 08/03/04 - can't call check here because building normalized */
     /* to h:0 expressions but check uses actual src read decl ranges */
    }
  }
}

/*
 * bld the list of change ev xpr lists - check for duplicates
 */
static void bld_stlst_evxlst(struct st_t *hdstp)
{
 register struct st_t *stp;

 /* notice legal empty statement list just does nothing here */
 for (stp = hdstp; stp != NULL; stp = stp->stnxt)
  {
   bld_stmt_evxlst(stp);
  }
}

/*
 * build the evxprlist for the action stmt for one @(*) implicit ev ctrl
 *
 * this must be run after the action stmt is checked for syntax errors
 * this must be run before pass 3 v prp because of for loops
 */
static void bld_stmt_evxlst(struct st_t *stp)
{
 switch ((byte) stp->stmttyp) {
  case S_NULL: case S_STNONE: break;
  case S_PROCA: case S_FORASSGN: case S_RHSDEPROCA: case S_NBPROCA:
   /* know if lhs IS form bit or array select - will be split */
   bld_lhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.spra.lhsx);
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.spra.rhsx);
   break;
  case S_IF:
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.sif.condx);
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.sif.thenst);
   if (stp->st.sif.elsest != NULL) bld_stmt_evxlst(stp->st.sif.elsest);
   break;
  case S_CASE:
   /* case is special case because selection and case item expressions */
   /* need to be added to list */
   bld_case_evxlst(stp);
   break;
  case S_WAIT:
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.swait.lpst);
   break;
  case S_FOREVER:
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_REPEAT:
   if (stp->st.srpt.repx != NULL)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.srpt.repx);
    }
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.srpt.repst);
   break;
  case S_WHILE:
   if (stp->st.swh.lpx != NULL)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.swh.lpx);
    }
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.swh.lpst);
   break;
  case S_FOR:
   {
    struct for_t *frs;

    /* notice for statement must use temporaries of right width */
    frs = stp->st.sfor;
    bld_stmt_evxlst(frs->forassgn);
    if (frs->fortermx != NULL) bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(frs->fortermx);
    bld_stmt_evxlst(frs->forinc);
    bld_stlst_evxlst(frs->forbody);
   }
   break;
  case S_DELCTRL:
   /* notice if implicit @(*) form event ctrl - implicit expr list */
   /* already built - but this needs to also add to any containing */
   /* list is union of all contained implicit dctrl lists */
   if (stp->st.sdc->actionst != NULL)
    {
     bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.sdc->actionst);
    }
   break;
  case S_NAMBLK:
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.snbtsk->tskst);
   break;
  case S_UNBLK:
   bld_stlst_evxlst(stp->st.sbsts);
   break;
  case S_UNFJ:
   {
    register int32 fji;
    struct st_t *fjstp;

    /* 1 sub stmt only, for unnamed begin-end will be unnamed block */
    for (fji = 0;; fji++)
     {
      if ((fjstp = stp->st.fj.fjstps[fji]) == NULL) break;
      /* SJM 09/24/01 - this can be 2 stmts for for (for assgn then for) */
      bld_stlst_evxlst(fjstp);
     }
   }
   break;
  case S_TSKCALL:
   /* task enable out ports are lhs exprs (but sel ndx needs to go in list) */
   /* does nothing for system tasks */
   bld_tskenable_evxlst(stp);
   break;
  case S_QCONTA: case S_QCONTDEA:
   /* SJM 06/01/04 - LOOKATME - think quasi-cont stmts can't cause triggers */
   /* because rhs changes outside of proc time */
   break;
  case S_DSABLE: case S_CAUSE:
   /* SJM 06/01/04 - LOOKATME - think cause is lhs expr here */
   break;
   default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }
}

/*
 * build case stmt evx lst - tricky because both select and case item
 * expr must be added
 */
static void bld_case_evxlst(struct st_t *stp)
{
 register struct csitem_t *csip;
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;
 struct csitem_t *dflt_csip;

 /* first build expr list element for case select */
 bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(stp->st.scs.csx);

 dflt_csip = stp->st.scs.csitems;
 csip = dflt_csip->csinxt;
 for (;csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* then expr list element for each case item expr */
   /* usually will be constants so none will be added */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(xplp->xp);
    }
  }

 /* now check expression using max. width context */
 for (csip = dflt_csip->csinxt; csip != NULL; csip = csip->csinxt)
  {
   /* check each expression in possible list */
   for (xplp = csip->csixlst; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(xplp->xp);
    }
   bld_stlst_evxlst(csip->csist);
   /* this must be a statement (at least null) */
  }
 if (dflt_csip->csist != NULL) bld_stlst_evxlst(dflt_csip->csist);
}

/*
 * build task enable stmt evx lst - output ports are lhs exprs here
 */
static void bld_tskenable_evxlst(struct st_t *stp)
{
 struct expr_t *xp;
 struct tskcall_t *tkcp;
 struct sy_t *syp;
 struct task_t *tskp;
 struct task_pin_t *tpp;

 tkcp = &(stp->st.stkc);
 syp = tkcp->tsksyx->lu.sy;
 /* SJM 06/01/04 - think system task rhs should not go in sensitivity list */
 if (syp->sytyp == SYM_STSK) return;

 tskp = tkcp->tsksyx->lu.sy->el.etskp;
 tpp = tskp->tskpins;
 for (xp = tkcp->targs; xp != NULL; xp = xp->ru.x, tpp = tpp->tpnxt)
  {
   /* output port connections are lvalues but must trigger on any indices */
   if (tpp->trtyp == IO_OUT) bld_lhs_impl_evxlst(xp->lu.x);
   else bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(xp->lu.x);
  }
}

/*
 * build rhs impl event expr list - all vars, bsel and psels go in list
 *
 * SJM 06/01/04 ### ??? FIXME - right to assume not including XMRs
 */
static void bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(struct expr_t *rhsx)
{
 struct expr_t *evxp;
 struct exprlst_t *xplp;
 struct expr_t *ndp2;

 switch ((byte) rhsx->optyp) {
  case ID:
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (rhsx->lu.sy->el.enp->n_isaparam) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   goto add_expr;
  case LSB: case PARTSEL:
add_expr:
   evxp = __copy_expr(rhsx);
   if (!xp_in_evxlst(evxp))
    {
     xplp = (struct exprlst_t *) __my_malloc(sizeof(struct exprlst_t));
     xplp->xp = evxp;
     xplp->xpnxt = NULL;
     if (__impl_evlst_hd == NULL) __impl_evlst_hd = __impl_evlst_tail = xplp;
     else { __impl_evlst_tail->xpnxt = xplp; __impl_evlst_tail = xplp; }
    }
   break;
  case GLBREF:
   /* assuming XMR not in sensitivity list */
   break;
  case NUMBER: case ISNUMBER: case OPEMPTY:
  case REALNUM: case ISREALNUM:
   break;
  case QUEST:
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(rhsx->lu.x);
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(rhsx->ru.x->ru.x);
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(rhsx->ru.x->lu.x);
   break;
  case FCALL:
   /* this is func call side */
   for (ndp2 = rhsx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(ndp2->lu.x);
    }
   break;
  case LCB:
   /* know by here concatenates only one level */
   for (ndp2 = rhsx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
    {
     bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(ndp2->lu.x);
    }
   break;
  default:
   /* handle unary or binary operators */
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (rhsx->lu.x == NULL) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(rhsx->lu.x);
   if (rhsx->ru.x != NULL) bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(rhsx->ru.x);
 }
}

/*
 * build lhs impl event expr list
 *
 * only variable bit select are rhs expr that need to go in list
 * must handle concats - otherwise only needs to look at bsel/arrsel
 *
 * know all expr checking and folding completed before here
 */
static void bld_lhs_impl_evxlst(struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 register struct expr_t *ndp2;

 switch ((byte) lhsx->optyp) {
  case ID: case GLBREF: case OPEMPTY: break;
  case LSB:
   /* only need to add variable selects of bit select or array select */
   if (lhsx->ru.x->optyp == NUMBER || lhsx->ru.x->optyp == ISNUMBER)
    break;
   /* DBG remove -- */
   if (__is_const_expr(lhsx->ru.x)) __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
   /* --- */
   bld_rhs_impl_evxlst(lhsx->ru.x);
   break;
  case PARTSEL:
   /* know ranges are constant */
   break;
  case LCB:
   /* know lhs concatenates never nested */
   for (ndp2 = lhsx->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x)
    {
     bld_lhs_impl_evxlst(ndp2->lu.x);
    }
   break;
  default: __case_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 }
}

/*
 * return T if expr already in the ev xpr list
 */
static int32 xp_in_evxlst(struct expr_t *evxp)
{
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;

 for (xplp = __impl_evlst_hd; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
  {
   /* SJM 06/01/04 - ### ??? LOOKATME - is this expr compare right */
   if (__cmp_xpr(evxp, xplp->xp)) return(TRUE);
  }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * build implicit ev list comma expr from expr list
 *
 * notice needs to left associate and edges never appear
 */
static struct expr_t *bld_evlst_comma_expr(void)
{
 register struct exprlst_t *xplp;
 struct expr_t *rootndp, *ndp;
 struct exprlst_t *xplp2;
 int32 first_time;

 first_time = TRUE;
 ndp = NULL;
 rootndp = NULL;
 for (xplp = __impl_evlst_hd; xplp != NULL; xplp = xplp->xpnxt)
  {
   if (first_time)
    {
     rootndp = xplp->xp;
     first_time = FALSE;
     continue;
    }
   ndp = __alloc_newxnd();
   ndp->optyp = OPEVCOMMAOR;
   ndp->lu.x = rootndp;
   ndp->ru.x = xplp->xp;
   rootndp = ndp;
  }
 /* DBG remove -- */
 if (__debug_flg) __dbg_msg(__msgexpr_tostr(__xs, rootndp));
 /* -- */
 /* free the expr list but not the contained exprs */
 for (xplp = __impl_evlst_hd; xplp != NULL;)
  {
   xplp2 = xplp->xpnxt;
   __my_free((char *) xplp, sizeof(struct exprlst_t));
   xplp = xplp2;
  }
 return(rootndp);
}

/*
 * STMT CHECKING ROUTINES FOR QC STMTS
 */

/*
 * check a quasi continous assign/deassign reg. or force wire or reg
 * most checks special qc reg concatenate form
 *
 * assuming here there are 2 disjoint32 forms - force [normal decl. lhs] or
 * force [assign style register form] - concatentates cannot mix the 2
 */
static void chk_qclvalue(struct expr_t *ndp, word32 qctyp,
 int32 *is_rgform)
{
 register struct expr_t *ndp2;
 int32 cnt;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 *is_rgform = TRUE;
 /* one level concatenates for either reg or wire forms ok */
 /* for legal concatenate can not mix reg and wire elements */
 if (ndp->optyp == LCB)
  {
   for (cnt = 1, ndp2 = ndp->ru.x; ndp2 != NULL; ndp2 = ndp2->ru.x,
    cnt++)
    {
     /* if this is normal declarative (wire only) lhs - must be force */
     if (!__xhas_reg(ndp2->lu.x))
      {
       if (qctyp != FORCE && qctyp != RELEASE)
        {
         __sgferr(808,
           "%s concatenate lvalue (pos. %d) contains wires - use force/release",
          __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp), cnt);
         return;
        }
       if (cnt == 1) *is_rgform = FALSE;
       else if (*is_rgform)
        {
         __sgferr(1150,
          "%s concatenate lvalue (pos %d) wire conflicts with reg form",
          __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp), cnt);
         return;
        }
       continue;
      }
     /* must be reg form */
     if (!nd_qcreg(ndp2->lu.x))
      {
       __sgferr(810,
        "%s concatenate lvalue (pos %d) not a scalared wire or simple reg",
        __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp), cnt);
       return;
      }
     if (!*is_rgform)
      {
       __sgferr(1150,
        "%s concatenate lvalue (pos %d) reg conflicts with wire form",
        __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp), cnt);
       return;
      }
    }
  }
 else
  {
   /* if this is normal declarative (wire only) lhs - must be force */
   if (!__xhas_reg(ndp))
    {
     if (qctyp != FORCE && qctyp != RELEASE)
      {
       __sgferr(808, "%s lvalue contains wires - use force/release",
        __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp));
       return;
      }
     *is_rgform = FALSE;
    }
   else
    {
     if (!nd_qcreg(ndp))
      {
       __sgferr(810, "%s lvalue not a scalared wire or simple reg",
        __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp));
       return;
      }
    }
  }
 /* final step is checking lhs expression */
 /* know for procedural required simple format already checked for */
 if (*is_rgform) __chk_lhsexpr(ndp, LHS_PROC);
 else __chk_lhsexpr(ndp, LHS_DECL);

 /* set used in qc force assign nets - set even if no code gen */
 set_qc_frcassgn_net(ndp);
}

/*
 * set used in QC stmt bit for all nets on LHS
 * always called but does nothing for interactive fixup (pass 2)
 */
static void set_qc_frcassgn_net(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if (__isleaf(ndp))
  {
   if (ndp->optyp == ID || ndp->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
     if (np->nrngrep != NX_CT) return;

     np->nu.ct->frc_assgn_in_src = TRUE;
     /* setting mod flag for task to - i.e. no task qc assign/force flag */
     /* SJM 12/23/02 - only needs to be set during elaboration - if */
     /* added from PLI not needed */
     __inst_mod->mhas_frcassgn = TRUE;
    }
   return;
  }
 if (ndp->lu.x != NULL) set_qc_frcassgn_net(ndp->lu.x);
 if (ndp->ru.x != NULL) set_qc_frcassgn_net(ndp->ru.x);
}

/*
 * return T if expr. is a register
 * nd reg for id's - this is where node type is unknown
 * this reg cannot be a real
 */
static int32 nd_qcreg(struct expr_t *ndp)
{
 struct net_t *np;

 if ((ndp->optyp != ID && ndp->optyp != GLBREF) || ndp->lu.sy->sytyp != SYM_N)
  return(FALSE);
 np = ndp->lu.sy->el.enp;
 if (np->n_isaparam) return(FALSE);
 if (np->ntyp >= NONWIRE_ST && np->ntyp != N_EVENT) return(TRUE);
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * must check qc assign/force (not deassign/release) for cirular use
 * of lhs component on rhs
 * error if lhs net used on rhs of assign/force
 *
 * SJM 07/16/03 new check added since code core dumps with stack overflow
 * otherwise
 * LOOKATME - currently pessimistic - different XMR inst or bit still error
 */
static void chk_circular_qc_stmt(struct st_t *stp)
{
 register struct expr_t *lhsx, *rhsx;
 int32 qctyp;
 struct expr_t *catndp, *catelx, *lhsx2;
 struct net_t *np;
 char s1[RECLEN];

 lhsx = stp->st.sqca->qclhsx;
 rhsx = stp->st.sqca->qcrhsx;
 qctyp =   stp->st.sqca->qcatyp;
 if (lhsx->optyp == LCB)
  {
   for (catndp = lhsx->ru.x; catndp != NULL; catndp = catndp->ru.x)
    {
     catelx = __get_lvalue_idndp(catndp->lu.x);
     /* DBG remove -- */
     if (catelx->optyp != ID && catelx->optyp != GLBREF)
      __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
     /* -- */
     np = catelx->lu.sy->el.enp;

     if (rhs_expr_has_net(rhsx, np))
      {
       if (qctyp != FORCE && qctyp != RELEASE)
        {
         __sgferr(3409,
           "net %s in concatenate on both left and right hand sides of QC %s - illegal infinite loop",
           np->nsym->synam, __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp));
         return;
        }
      }
    }
   return;
  }
 lhsx2 = __get_lvalue_idndp(lhsx);
 /* DBG remove -- */
 if (lhsx2->optyp != ID && lhsx2->optyp != GLBREF)
  __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 /* -- */
 np = lhsx2->lu.sy->el.enp;
 if (rhs_expr_has_net(rhsx, np))
  {
   __sgferr(3409,
    "net %s on both left and right hand sides of QC %s - illegal infinite loop",
    np->nsym->synam, __to_qctyp(s1, qctyp));
  }
}

/*
 * get lvalue (lhs expr that is decomposed form concat) expr
 * for ID/XMR return expr else return left offspring
 */
extern struct expr_t *__get_lvalue_idndp(struct expr_t *lhsx)
{
 if (lhsx->optyp == GLBREF || lhsx->optyp == ID) return(lhsx);
 if (lhsx->optyp == LSB || lhsx->optyp == PARTSEL) return(lhsx->lu.x);
 __misc_terr(__FILE__, __LINE__);
 return(NULL);
}

/*
 * routine to return T if net contained in rhs expr
 */
static int32 rhs_expr_has_net(struct expr_t *rhsx, struct net_t *np)
{
 if (__isleaf(rhsx))
  {
   if (rhsx->optyp == ID || rhsx->optyp == GLBREF)
    {
     if (rhsx->lu.sy->el.enp == np) return(TRUE);
    }
   return(FALSE);
  }
 if (rhsx->lu.x != NULL)
  { if (rhs_expr_has_net(rhsx->lu.x, np)) return(TRUE); }
 if (rhsx->ru.x != NULL)
  { if (rhs_expr_has_net(rhsx->ru.x, np)) return(TRUE); }
 return(FALSE);
}

/*
 * check a disable statement
 * tricky because if non global may need to replace with labl/task sym.
 */
static void chk_disable(struct st_t *stp)
{
 struct expr_t *dsxp;
 struct sy_t *syp, *syp2;
 struct symtab_t *sytp;
 struct sy_t *upsyp;
 struct gref_t *grp;

 dsxp = stp->st.sdsable.dsablx;
 /* case 1: global cannot replace if cannot be disabled */
 if (dsxp->optyp == GLBREF) syp = dsxp->lu.sy;
 else if (dsxp->optyp == ID)
  {
   /* case 2: ID - make sure can be disabled and look upward */
   syp = dsxp->lu.sy;
   /* if not declared, or not disable try to find above */
   if (!syp->sydecl) goto use_syp;

   if (syp->sytyp != SYM_TSK && syp->sytyp != SYM_F
    && syp->sytyp != SYM_LB)
    {
     /* if ID disable and no current task, error */
     if (__cur_tsk == NULL) goto use_syp;

     /* work upward to task/func or named block that can be disabled */
     /* know parent of task is module and of module is nil */
     /* but only look starting one up since syp already set */
     sytp = __cur_tsk->tsksymtab->sytpar;
     for (; sytp != NULL; sytp = sytp->sytpar)
      {
       if ((syp2 = __get_sym(syp->synam, sytp)) != NULL)
        {
         /* if can be disabled, must change ID expr. symbol */
         /* but statement still points to same expr. */
         if (syp2->sytyp == SYM_TSK || syp2->sytyp != SYM_F
          || syp2->sytyp != SYM_LB)
          { syp = syp2; dsxp->lu.sy = syp; goto use_syp; }
        }
      }
     /* fall thru and use known wrong syp since no alternative */
    }
  }
 else { syp = NULL; __misc_sgfterr(__FILE__, __LINE__); }

 /* disable object not simple name */
use_syp:
 if (!syp->sydecl) return;
 /* if ID and function know ok, if different func. error catch in nodel chk */
 if (dsxp->optyp == ID && syp->sytyp == SYM_F && __cur_tsk != NULL
  && __cur_tsk->tsktyp == FUNCTION) return;

 /* if error will still be global ID - else from now on normal symbol */
 if (syp->sytyp != SYM_TSK && syp->sytyp != SYM_LB)
  {
   __sgferr(968, "object \"%s\" type %s cannot be disabled",
    __to_idnam(dsxp), __to_sytyp(__xs, syp->sytyp));
  }
 /* know if local, good since accessible local means not in function */
 /* or checked in special inside function checking code */
 if (dsxp->optyp == GLBREF)
  {
   grp = dsxp->ru.grp;
   /* see if symbol table that target is in */
   /* think gref target symbol table should be set */
   if (grp->grsytp == NULL) __misc_sgfterr(__FILE__, __LINE__);

   for (sytp = grp->grsytp; sytp != NULL; sytp = sytp->sytpar)
    {
     upsyp = sytp->sypofsyt;
     if (upsyp->sytyp == SYM_TSK && upsyp->el.etskp->tsktyp == FUNCTION)
      {
       __sgferr(805,
        "disable target \"%s\" type %s cannot be inside function",
        __to_idnam(dsxp), __to_sytyp(__xs, upsyp->sytyp));
       return;
      }
    }
  }
}