1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.29 2024/04/28 16:43:42 florian Exp $ */
2
3 /*
4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * distribution.
16 *
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 */
29
30 #include <sys/param.h> /* powerof2 */
31 #include <sys/stat.h>
32 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
33 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
34 #include <sys/dkio.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
36
37 #include <ctype.h>
38 #include <err.h>
39 #include <errno.h>
40 #include <fcntl.h>
41 #include <paths.h>
42 #include <stdio.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 #include <unistd.h>
46 #include <limits.h>
47 #include <util.h>
48
49 #define MINIMUM(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
50 #define MAXIMUM(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
51
52 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
53 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
54 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
55
56 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
57 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
58 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
59 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
60 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
61 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
62 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
63 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
64 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
65 #define MINCLS16 0xff5 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
66 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
67 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4 /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
68 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
69 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
70
71 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
72 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
73 MINCLS32)
74
75 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
76 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
77 MAXCLS32)
78
79 #define mk1(p, x) \
80 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
81
82 #define mk2(p, x) \
83 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
84 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
85
86 #define mk4(p, x) \
87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
89 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
90 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
91
92 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
93 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
94 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
95 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
96
97 struct bs {
98 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
99 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
100 };
101
102 struct bsbpb {
103 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
104 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
105 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
106 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
107 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
108 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
109 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
110 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
111 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
112 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
113 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
114 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
115 };
116
117 struct bsxbpb {
118 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
119 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
120 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
121 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
122 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
123 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
124 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
125 };
126
127 struct bsx {
128 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
129 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
130 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
131 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
132 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
133 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
134 };
135
136 struct de {
137 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
138 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
139 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
140 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
141 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
142 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
143 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
144 };
145
146 struct bpb {
147 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
148 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
149 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
150 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
151 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
152 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
153 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
154 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
155 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
156 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
157 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
158 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
159 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
160 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
161 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
162 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
163 };
164
165 static struct {
166 const char *name;
167 struct bpb bpb;
168 } stdfmt[] = {
169 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}},
170 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}},
171 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}},
172 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}},
173 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}},
174 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}},
175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}},
176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}}
177 };
178
179 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
180 0xfa, /* cli */
181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
184 0xfb, /* sti */
185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
187 0x5e, /* pop si */
188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
190 0xfc, /* cld */
191 0xac, /* lodsb */
192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
200 0x0d, 0x0a,
201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
203 0x0d, 0x0a,
204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
207 0x0d, 0x0a,
208 0
209 };
210
211 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
212 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
213 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
214 struct bpb *);
215 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
216 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
217 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
218 static int oklabel(const char *);
219 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
220 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
221 static __dead void usage(void);
222
223 /*
224 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
225 */
226 int
main(int argc,char * argv[])227 main(int argc, char *argv[])
228 {
229 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:";
230 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f;
231 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e;
232 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r;
233 static u_int opt_s, opt_u;
234 static int opt_N;
235 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag;
236 char buf[PATH_MAX];
237 struct stat sb;
238 struct timeval tv;
239 struct bpb bpb;
240 struct tm *tm;
241 struct bs *bs;
242 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
244 struct bsx *bsx;
245 struct de *de;
246 u_int8_t *img;
247 const char *dtype, *bname;
248 char *sname, *fname;
249 ssize_t n;
250 time_t now;
251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
252 int ch, fd, fd1;
253
254 if (pledge("stdio rpath wpath disklabel", NULL) == -1)
255 err(1, "pledge");
256
257 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
258 switch (ch) {
259 case 'N':
260 opt_N = 1;
261 break;
262 case 'B':
263 opt_B = optarg;
264 break;
265 case 'F':
266 opt_F = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
267 if (!(opt_F == 12 || opt_F == 16 || opt_F == 32))
268 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
269 break;
270 case 'I':
271 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
272 Iflag = 1;
273 break;
274 case 'L':
275 if (!oklabel(optarg))
276 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
277 opt_L = optarg;
278 break;
279 case 'O':
280 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
281 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
282 opt_O = optarg;
283 break;
284 case 'S':
285 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
286 break;
287 case 'a':
288 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
289 break;
290 case 'b':
291 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
292 opt_c = 0;
293 break;
294 case 'c':
295 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
296 opt_b = 0;
297 break;
298 case 'e':
299 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
300 break;
301 case 'f':
302 opt_f = optarg;
303 break;
304 case 'h':
305 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
306 break;
307 case 'i':
308 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
309 break;
310 case 'k':
311 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
312 break;
313 case 'm':
314 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
315 mflag = 1;
316 break;
317 case 'n':
318 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
319 break;
320 case 'o':
321 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
322 oflag = 1;
323 break;
324 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */
325 break;
326 case 'r':
327 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
328 break;
329 case 's':
330 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
331 break;
332 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */
333 break;
334 case 'u':
335 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
336 break;
337 default:
338 usage();
339 }
340 argc -= optind;
341 argv += optind;
342 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
343 usage();
344 sname = *argv++;
345 dtype = *argv;
346 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 ||
347 fstat(fd, &sb))
348 err(1, "%s", fname);
349 if (!opt_N)
350 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
351 if (S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode))
352 errx(1, "%s: block device", fname);
353 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
354 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname);
355 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
356 if (opt_f) {
357 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
358 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
359 bpb.sec = 0;
360 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
361 bpb.spf = 0;
362 }
363 if (opt_h)
364 bpb.hds = opt_h;
365 if (opt_u)
366 bpb.spt = opt_u;
367 if (opt_S)
368 bpb.bps = opt_S;
369 if (opt_s)
370 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
371 if (oflag)
372 bpb.hid = opt_o;
373 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag)))
374 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
375 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
376 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
377 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
378 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
379 bpb.bps, MINBPS);
380 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
381 if (opt_f)
382 fat = 12;
383 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
384 fat = 32;
385 }
386 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
387 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
388 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
389 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
390 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
391 bpb.rde = 0;
392 if (opt_b) {
393 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
394 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
395 if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
396 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
397 opt_b, bpb.bps);
398 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
399 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
400 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
401 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
402 }
403 if (opt_c) {
404 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
405 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
406 bpb.spc = opt_c;
407 }
408 if (opt_r)
409 bpb.res = opt_r;
410 if (opt_n) {
411 if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
412 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
413 opt_n, MAXNFT);
414 bpb.nft = opt_n;
415 }
416 if (opt_e)
417 bpb.rde = opt_e;
418 if (mflag) {
419 if (opt_m < 0xf0)
420 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
421 bpb.mid = opt_m;
422 }
423 if (opt_a)
424 bpb.bspf = opt_a;
425 if (opt_i)
426 bpb.infs = opt_i;
427 if (opt_k)
428 bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
429 bss = 1;
430 bname = NULL;
431 fd1 = -1;
432 if (opt_B) {
433 bname = opt_B;
434 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
435 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
436 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
437 err(1, NULL);
438 }
439 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
440 err(1, "%s", bname);
441 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
442 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
443 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
444 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
445 }
446 if (!bpb.nft)
447 bpb.nft = 2;
448 if (!fat) {
449 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
450 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
451 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
452 bpb.nft +
453 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
454 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
455 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
456 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
457 fat = 12;
458 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
459 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
460 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
461 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
462 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
463 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
464 fat = 16;
465 else
466 fat = 32;
467 }
468 x = bss;
469 if (fat == 32) {
470 if (!bpb.infs) {
471 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
472 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
473 bpb.infs = x;
474 }
475 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
476 x = bpb.infs + 1;
477 if (!bpb.bkbs) {
478 if (x == MAXU16)
479 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
480 bpb.bkbs = x;
481 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
482 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
483 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
484 x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
485 }
486 if (!bpb.res)
487 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAXIMUM(x, MAXIMUM(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
488 else if (bpb.res < x)
489 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
490 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
491 bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
492 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
493 if (!bpb.spc)
494 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
495 bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
496 bpb.res +
497 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
498 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
499 rds +
500 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
501 bpb.spc <<= 1);
502 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
503 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
504 x1 = bpb.res + rds;
505 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
506 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
507 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
508 x1 += x * bpb.nft;
509 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
510 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
511 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MINIMUM(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
512 bpb.bps * NPB);
513 if (!bpb.bspf) {
514 bpb.bspf = x2;
515 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
516 }
517 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
518 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
519 if (cls > x)
520 cls = x;
521 if (bpb.bspf < x2)
522 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
523 cls);
524 if (cls < mincls(fat))
525 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
526 mincls(fat));
527 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
528 cls = maxcls(fat);
529 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
530 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
531 bpb.bsec);
532 }
533 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
534 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
535 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
536 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
537 if (!bpb.mid)
538 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
539 if (fat == 32)
540 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
541 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
542 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
543 bpb.bsec = 0;
544 }
545 if (fat != 32) {
546 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
547 bpb.bspf = 0;
548 }
549 print_bpb(&bpb);
550 if (!opt_N) {
551 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
552 now = tv.tv_sec;
553 if ((tm = localtime(&now)) == NULL)
554 errx(1, "Invalid time");
555
556 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
557 err(1, NULL);
558 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
559 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
560 x = lsn;
561 if (opt_B &&
562 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
563 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
564 x -= bpb.bkbs;
565 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET))
566 err(1, "%s", bname);
567 }
568 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
569 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
570 err(1, "%s", bname);
571 if (n != bpb.bps)
572 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
573 } else
574 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
575 if (!lsn ||
576 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
577 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
578 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
579 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
580 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
581 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
582 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
583 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
584 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
585 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
586 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
587 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
588 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
589 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
590 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
591 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
592 if (fat == 32) {
593 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
594 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
595 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
596 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
597 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
598 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
599 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
600 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
601 }
602 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
603 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
604 if (Iflag)
605 x = opt_I;
606 else
607 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
608 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
609 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
610 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
611 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
612 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
613 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
614 mk4(bsx->volid, x);
615 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
616 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat);
617 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
618 if (!opt_B) {
619 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
620 bs = (struct bs *)img;
621 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
622 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
623 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
624 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
625 sizeof(bs->oem));
626 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
627 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
628 }
629 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
630 (lsn == bpb.infs ||
631 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
632 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
633 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
634 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
635 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
636 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
637 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
638 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
639 !((lsn - bpb.res) %
640 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
641 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
642 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
643 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
644 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
645 de = (struct de *)img;
646 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
647 mk1(de->attr, 050);
648 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
649 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
650 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
651 mk2(de->time, x);
652 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
653 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
654 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
655 mk2(de->date, x);
656 }
657 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
658 err(1, "%s", fname);
659 if (n != bpb.bps)
660 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
661 }
662 }
663 return 0;
664 }
665
666 /*
667 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
668 */
669 static void
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)670 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
671 {
672 struct statfs *mp;
673 const char *s1, *s2;
674 size_t len;
675 int n, r;
676
677 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
678 err(1, "getmntinfo");
679 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
680 s1 = fname;
681 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
682 s1 += len;
683 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
684 for (; n--; mp++) {
685 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
686 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
687 s2 += len;
688 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
689 !strcmp(s1, s2))
690 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
691 }
692 }
693
694 /*
695 * Get a standard format.
696 */
697 static void
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)698 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
699 {
700 u_int x, i;
701
702 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
703 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
704 if (i == x)
705 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
706 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
707 }
708
709 /*
710 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
711 */
712 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)713 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag,
714 struct bpb *bpb)
715 {
716 struct disklabel dl, *lp;
717 const char *s1, *s2;
718 int part, i;
719
720 part = -1;
721 s1 = fname;
722 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/')))
723 s1 = s2 + 1;
724 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit((unsigned char)*s2); s2++);
725 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1)
726 s2 = NULL;
727 else
728 while (isdigit((unsigned char)*++s2));
729 s1 = s2;
730 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) {
731 part = *s2++ - 'a';
732 }
733 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.'))
734 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname);
735 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) ||
736 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) {
737 lp = &dl;
738 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
739 if (i == -1) {
740 if (!dtype) {
741 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
742 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; "
743 "disk type must be specified", fname);
744 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype)))
745 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype);
746 }
747 if (part == -1)
748 part = RAW_PART;
749 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions ||
750 !DL_GETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part]))
751 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname);
752 if (!oflag && part != -1)
753 bpb->hid += DL_GETPOFFSET(&lp->d_partitions[part]);
754 if (!bpb->bsec)
755 bpb->bsec = DL_GETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part]);
756 if (!bpb->bps)
757 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
758 if (!bpb->spt)
759 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
760 if (!bpb->hds)
761 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
762 if (bpb->spt > 63) {
763 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63;
764 bpb->spt = 63;
765 }
766 }
767 }
768
769 /*
770 * Print out BPB values.
771 */
772 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)773 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
774 {
775 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
776 bpb->nft);
777 if (bpb->rde)
778 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
779 if (bpb->sec)
780 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
781 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
782 if (bpb->spf)
783 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
784 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
785 if (bpb->bsec)
786 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
787 if (!bpb->spf) {
788 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
789 printf(" infs=");
790 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
791 printf(" bkbs=");
792 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
793 }
794 printf("\n");
795 }
796
797 /*
798 * Check a disk geometry value.
799 */
800 static u_int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)801 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
802 {
803 if (!val)
804 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
805 if (val > MAXU16)
806 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg);
807 return val;
808 }
809
810 /*
811 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
812 */
813 static u_int
argtou(const char * arg,u_int lo,u_int hi,const char * msg)814 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
815 {
816 char *s;
817 u_long x;
818
819 errno = 0;
820 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
821 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
822 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
823 return x;
824 }
825
826 /*
827 * Check a volume label.
828 */
829 static int
oklabel(const char * src)830 oklabel(const char *src)
831 {
832 int c = 0, i;
833
834 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
835 c = (u_char)*src++;
836 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
837 break;
838 }
839 return i && !c;
840 }
841
842 /*
843 * Make a volume label.
844 */
845 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)846 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
847 {
848 int c, i;
849
850 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
851 c = *src ? toupper((unsigned char)*src++) : ' ';
852 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
853 }
854 }
855
856 /*
857 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
858 */
859 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)860 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
861 {
862 while (len--)
863 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
864 }
865
866 /*
867 * Print usage message.
868 */
869 static __dead void
usage(void)870 usage(void)
871 {
872 extern const char *__progname;
873
874 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s "
875 "[-N] [-a FAT-size] [-B boot] [-b block-size]\n"
876 "\t[-c cluster-size] [-e dirents] [-F FAT-type] [-f format]\n"
877 "\t[-h heads] [-I volid] [-i info] [-k backup] [-L label]\n"
878 "\t[-m media] [-n FATs] [-O OEM] [-o hidden] [-r reserved]\n"
879 "\t[-S sector-size] [-s total] [-u track-size] special\n"
880 "\t[disktype]\n",
881 __progname);
882 exit(1);
883 }
884