xref: /dports/science/dakota/dakota-6.13.0-release-public.src-UI/src/DakotaModel.hpp

/*  _______________________________________________________________________

    DAKOTA: Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications
    Copyright 2014-2020 National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS).
    This software is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License.
    For more information, see the README file in the top Dakota directory.
    _______________________________________________________________________ */

//- Class:       Model
//- Description: The model to be iterated.  Contains Variables,
//-              Interface, and Response objects.
//- Owner:       Mike Eldred
//- Version: $Id: DakotaModel.hpp 7029 2010-10-22 00:17:02Z mseldre $

#ifndef DAKOTA_MODEL_H
#define DAKOTA_MODEL_H

#include "dakota_data_types.hpp"
#include "MPIManager.hpp"
#include "ProblemDescDB.hpp"
#include "DakotaVariables.hpp"
#include "DakotaConstraints.hpp"
//#include "DakotaInterface.hpp"
#include "DakotaResponse.hpp"
#include "MultivariateDistribution.hpp"
#include "ScalingOptions.hpp"

namespace Pecos { /* forward declarations */
class SurrogateData;
class ProbabilityTransformation;
}

namespace Dakota {

// define special values for serve_init_mapping()
#define FREE_COMMS 1
#define INIT_COMMS 2
#define SERVE_RUN 3
#define ESTIMATE_MESSAGE_LENGTHS 4

// forward declarations
class ParallelLibrary;
class Approximation;
class SharedApproxData;
class DiscrepancyCorrection;
class EvaluationStore;


/// Base class for the model class hierarchy.

/** The Model class is the base class for one of the primary
    class hierarchies in DAKOTA.  The model hierarchy contains a set
    of variables, an interface, and a set of responses, and an
    iterator operates on the model to map the variables into responses
    using the interface.  For memory efficiency and enhanced
    polymorphism, the model hierarchy employs the "letter/envelope
    idiom" (see Coplien "Advanced C++", p. 133), for which the base
    class (Model) serves as the envelope and one of the derived
    classes (selected in Model::get_model()) serves as the letter. */

class Model
{
  //
  //- Heading: Friends
  //

  /// equality operator (detect same letter instance)
  friend bool operator==(const Model& m1, const Model& m2);
  /// inequality operator (detect different letter instances)
  friend bool operator!=(const Model& m1, const Model& m2);

public:

  //
  //- Heading: Constructors, destructor, assignment operator
  //

  /// default constructor
  Model();
  /// standard constructor for envelope
  Model(ProblemDescDB& problem_db);
  /// copy constructor
  Model(const Model& model);

  /// destructor
  virtual ~Model();

  /// assignment operator
  Model operator=(const Model& model);

  //
  //- Heading: Virtual functions
  //

  /// return the sub-iterator in nested and surrogate models
  virtual Iterator& subordinate_iterator();
  /// return a single sub-model defined from subModel in nested and recast
  /// models and truth_model() in surrogate models; used for a directed
  /// dive through model recursions that may bypass some components.
  virtual Model& subordinate_model();

  /// set the active multi-index key within surrogate data, grid driver,
  /// and approximation classes that support the management of multiple
  /// approximation states within surrogate models
  virtual void active_model_key(const UShortArray& mi_key);
  /// reset by removing all multi-index keys within surrogate data, grid
  /// driver, and approximation classes that support the management of
  /// multiple approximation states within surrogate models
  virtual void clear_model_keys();

  /// return number of unique response functions (managing any aggregations)
  virtual size_t qoi() const;

  /// return the active approximation sub-model in surrogate models
  virtual Model& surrogate_model();
  /// return the active approximation sub-model in surrogate models
  virtual const Model& surrogate_model() const;
  /// return the active truth sub-model in surrogate models
  virtual Model& truth_model();
  /// return the active truth sub-model in surrogate models
  virtual const Model& truth_model() const;

  /// portion of subordinate_models() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_subordinate_models(ModelList& ml, bool recurse_flag);
  /// resize vars/resp if needed from the bottom up
  virtual void resize_from_subordinate_model(size_t depth =
    std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
  /// propagate vars/labels/bounds/targets from the bottom up
  virtual void update_from_subordinate_model(size_t depth =
    std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
  /// return the interface employed by the derived model class, if present:
  /// SimulationModel::userDefinedInterface, DataFitSurrModel::approxInterface,
  /// or NestedModel::optionalInterface
  virtual Interface& derived_interface();

  /// number of discrete levels within solution control (SimulationModel)
  virtual size_t solution_levels(bool lwr_bnd = true) const;
  /// activate a particular level within the solution level control
  /// and return the cost estimate (SimulationModel)
  virtual void solution_level_index(unsigned short index);
  /// return currently active level within the solution level control
  /// (SimulationModel)
  virtual unsigned short solution_level_index() const;
  /// return ordered cost estimates across solution levels (SimulationModel)
  virtual RealVector solution_level_costs() const;
  /// return currently active cost estimate from solution level
  /// control (SimulationModel)
  virtual Real solution_level_cost() const;

  /// set the relative weightings for multiple objective functions or least
  /// squares terms
  virtual void primary_response_fn_weights(const RealVector& wts,
					   bool recurse_flag = true);

  /// set the (currently active) surrogate function index set
  virtual void surrogate_function_indices(const IntSet& surr_fn_indices);

  /// return probability transformation employed by the Model (forwarded along
  /// to ProbabilityTransformModel recasting)
  virtual Pecos::ProbabilityTransformation& probability_transformation();

  /// Perform any global updates prior to individual evaluate() calls;
  /// returns true if the variables size has changed
  virtual bool initialize_mapping(ParLevLIter pl_iter);
  /// restore state in preparation for next initialization;
  /// returns true if the variables size has changed
  virtual bool finalize_mapping();
  /// return true if a potential resize is still pending, such that
  /// sizing-based initialization should be deferred
  virtual bool resize_pending() const;

  /// set primaryA{C,DI,DS,DR}VarMapIndices, secondaryA{C,DI,DS,DR}VarMapTargets
  /// (coming from a higher-level NestedModel context to inform derivative est.)
  virtual void nested_variable_mappings(const SizetArray& c_index1,
					const SizetArray& di_index1,
					const SizetArray& ds_index1,
					const SizetArray& dr_index1,
					const ShortArray& c_target2,
					const ShortArray& di_target2,
					const ShortArray& ds_target2,
					const ShortArray& dr_target2);
  /// return primaryACVarMapIndices
  virtual const SizetArray& nested_acv1_indices() const;
  /// return secondaryACVarMapTargets
  virtual const ShortArray& nested_acv2_targets() const;
  /// calculate and return derivative composition of final results
  /// w.r.t. distribution parameters (none, all, or mixed)
  virtual short query_distribution_parameter_derivatives() const;
  /// activate derivative setting w.r.t. distribution parameters
  virtual void activate_distribution_parameter_derivatives();
  /// deactivate derivative setting w.r.t. distribution parameters
  virtual void deactivate_distribution_parameter_derivatives();

  /// transform x-space gradient vector to u-space
  virtual void trans_grad_X_to_U(const RealVector& fn_grad_x,
				 RealVector& fn_grad_u,
				 const RealVector& x_vars);
  /// transform u-space gradient vector to x-space
  virtual void trans_grad_U_to_X(const RealVector& fn_grad_u,
				 RealVector& fn_grad_x,
				 const RealVector& x_vars);
  /// transform x-space gradient vector to gradient with respect to inserted
  /// distribution parameters
  virtual void trans_grad_X_to_S(const RealVector& fn_grad_x,
				 RealVector& fn_grad_s,
				 const RealVector& x_vars);
  /// transform x-space Hessian matrix to u-space
  virtual void trans_hess_X_to_U(const RealSymMatrix& fn_hess_x,
				 RealSymMatrix& fn_hess_u,
				 const RealVector& x_vars,
				 const RealVector& fn_grad_x);

  /// build a new SurrogateModel approximation
  virtual void build_approximation();
  /// build a new SurrogateModel approximation using/enforcing
  /// anchor response at vars; rebuild if needed
  virtual bool build_approximation(const Variables& vars,
				   const IntResponsePair& response_pr);
  /// update an existing SurrogateModel approximation
  virtual void rebuild_approximation();

  /// replace the approximation data within an existing surrogate
  /// based on data updates propagated elsewhere
  virtual void update_approximation(bool rebuild_flag);
  /// replace the anchor point data within an existing surrogate
  virtual void update_approximation(const Variables& vars,
				    const IntResponsePair& response_pr,
				    bool rebuild_flag);
  /// replace the data points within an existing surrogate
  virtual void update_approximation(const VariablesArray& vars_array,
				    const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				    bool rebuild_flag);
  /// replace the data points within an existing surrogate
  virtual void update_approximation(const RealMatrix& samples,
				    const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				    bool rebuild_flag);

  /// append to the existing approximation data within a surrogate
  /// based on data updates propagated elsewhere
  virtual void append_approximation(bool rebuild_flag);
  /// append a single point to an existing surrogate's data
  virtual void append_approximation(const Variables& vars,
				    const IntResponsePair& response_pr,
				    bool rebuild_flag);
  /// append multiple points to an existing surrogate's data
  virtual void append_approximation(const VariablesArray& vars_array,
				    const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				    bool rebuild_flag);
  /// append multiple points to an existing surrogate's data
  virtual void append_approximation(const RealMatrix& samples,
				    const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				    bool rebuild_flag);

  /// remove the previous data set addition to a surrogate (e.g., due
  /// to a previous append_approximation() call); flag manages storing
  /// of surrogate data for use in a subsequent push_approximation()
  virtual void pop_approximation(bool save_surr_data,
				 bool rebuild_flag = false);

  /// push a previous approximation data state; reverse of pop_approximation
  virtual void push_approximation();
  /// query for whether a trial increment is restorable within a surrogate
  virtual bool push_available();

  /// finalize an approximation by applying all previous trial increments
  virtual void finalize_approximation();

  /// combine the current approximation with previously stored data sets
  virtual void combine_approximation();
  /// promote the combined approximation into the active approximation
  virtual void combined_to_active(bool clear_combined = true);
  /// clear inactive approximations (finalization + combination completed)
  virtual void clear_inactive();

  /// query the approximation for available advancement in resolution controls
  /// (order, rank, etc.); an input to adaptive refinement strategies
  virtual bool advancement_available();
  /// query the approximation for updates in formulation, requiring a rebuild
  /// even if no updates to the build data
  virtual bool formulation_updated() const;
  /// assign the status of approximation formulation updates
  virtual void formulation_updated(bool update);

  /// execute the DACE iterator (prior to building/appending the approximation)
  virtual void run_dace();

  // retrieve the variables used to build a surrogate model
  //virtual const VariablesArray build_variables() const;
  // retrieve the responses used to build a surrogate model
  //virtual const ResponseArray build_responses() const;

  /// determine whether a surrogate model rebuild should be forced
  /// based on changes in the inactive data
  virtual bool force_rebuild();

  /// retrieve the shared approximation data within the ApproximationInterface
  /// of a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual SharedApproxData& shared_approximation();
  /// retrieve the set of Approximations within the ApproximationInterface
  /// of a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual std::vector<Approximation>& approximations();
  /// retrieve a SurrogateData instance from a particular Approximation
  /// instance within the ApproximationInterface of a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual const Pecos::SurrogateData& approximation_data(size_t fn_index);

  /// retrieve the approximation coefficients from each Approximation
  /// within a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual const RealVectorArray&
    approximation_coefficients(bool normalized = false);
  /// set the approximation coefficients for each Approximation within
  /// a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual void approximation_coefficients(const RealVectorArray& approx_coeffs,
					  bool normalized = false);

  /// retrieve the prediction variances from each Approximation within
  /// a DataFitSurrModel
  virtual const RealVector& approximation_variances(const Variables& vars);

  /// set response computation mode used in SurrogateModels for
  /// forming currentResponse
  virtual void surrogate_response_mode(short mode);
  /// return response computation mode used in SurrogateModels for
  /// forming currentResponse
  virtual short surrogate_response_mode() const;

  // link together more than one SurrogateData instance (DataFitSurrModel)
  //virtual void link_multilevel_approximation_data();

  /// retrieve error estimates corresponding to the Model's response
  /// (could be surrogate error for SurrogateModels, statistical MSE for
  /// NestedModels, or adjoint error estimates for SimulationModels).
  /// Errors returned correspond to most recent evaluate().
  virtual const RealVector& error_estimates();

  /// return the DiscrepancyCorrection object used by SurrogateModels
  virtual DiscrepancyCorrection& discrepancy_correction();
  /// set the correction type from the DiscrepancyCorrection object
  /// used by SurrogateModels
  virtual void correction_type(short corr_type);
  /// return the correction type from the DiscrepancyCorrection object
  /// used by SurrogateModels
  virtual short correction_type();

  /// apply a DiscrepancyCorrection to correct an approximation within
  /// a HierarchSurrModel
  virtual void single_apply(const Variables& vars, Response& resp,
			    const UShortArray& paired_key);
  /// apply a sequence of DiscrepancyCorrections to recursively correct an
  /// approximation within a HierarchSurrModel
  virtual void recursive_apply(const Variables& vars, Response& resp);

  /// update componentParallelMode for supporting parallelism in model
  /// sub-components
  virtual void component_parallel_mode(short mode);

  /// estimate the minimum and maximum partition sizes that can be
  /// utilized by this Model
  virtual IntIntPair estimate_partition_bounds(int max_eval_concurrency);

  /// return the index for the metaiterator-iterator parallelism level within
  /// ParallelConfiguration::miPLIters that is active for use in a particular
  /// Model at runtime
  virtual size_t mi_parallel_level_index() const;

  /// migrate an unmatched response record from active response map (computed
  /// by synchronize() or synhronize_nowait()) to cached response map
  virtual void cache_unmatched_response(int raw_id);

  /// return derived model synchronization setting
  virtual short local_eval_synchronization();
  /// return derived model asynchronous evaluation concurrency
  virtual int local_eval_concurrency();

  /// Service job requests received from the master.  Completes when
  /// a termination message is received from stop_servers().
  virtual void serve_run(ParLevLIter pl_iter, int max_eval_concurrency);
  /// Executed by the master to terminate all server operations for a
  /// particular model when iteration on the model is complete.
  virtual void stop_servers();

  /// Return a flag indicating the combination of multiprocessor
  /// evaluations and a dedicated master iterator scheduling.  Used
  /// in synchronous evaluate functions to prevent the error
  /// of trying to run a multiprocessor job on the master.
  virtual bool derived_master_overload() const;

  /// update the Model's inactive view based on higher level (nested) context
  virtual void inactive_view(short view, bool recurse_flag = true);

  /// return the interface identifier
  virtual const String& interface_id() const;
  /// Return the value of the evaluation id counter for the Model
  virtual int derived_evaluation_id() const;

  /// Indicates the usage of an evaluation cache by the Model
  virtual bool evaluation_cache(bool recurse_flag = true) const;
  /// Indicates the usage of a restart file by the Model
  virtual bool restart_file(bool recurse_flag = true) const;

  /// Set the reference points for the evaluation counters within the Model
  virtual void set_evaluation_reference();
  /// Request fine-grained evaluation reporting within the Model
  virtual void fine_grained_evaluation_counters();
  /// Print an evaluation summary for the Model
  virtual void print_evaluation_summary(std::ostream& s,
					bool minimal_header = false,
					bool relative_count = true) const;

  /// set the hierarchical eval ID tag prefix
  virtual void eval_tag_prefix(const String& eval_id_str);

  /// search the eval database (during derivative estimation); derived
  /// may need to reimplement due to problem transformations
  /// (RecastModel); return true if found in DB
  virtual bool db_lookup(const Variables& search_vars,
			 const ActiveSet& search_set, Response& found_resp);

  /// called from IteratorScheduler::run_iterator() for iteratorComm rank 0 to
  /// terminate serve_init_mapping() on other iteratorComm processors
  virtual void stop_init_mapping(ParLevLIter pl_iter);
  /// called from IteratorScheduler::run_iterator() for iteratorComm rank != 0
  /// to balance resize() calls on iteratorComm rank 0
  virtual int serve_init_mapping(ParLevLIter pl_iter);

  /// called from IteratorScheduler::run_iterator() for iteratorComm rank 0 to
  /// terminate serve_finalize_mapping() on other iteratorComm processors
  virtual void stop_finalize_mapping(ParLevLIter pl_iter);
  /// called from IteratorScheduler::run_iterator() for iteratorComm rank != 0
  /// to balance resize() calls on iteratorComm rank 0
  virtual int serve_finalize_mapping(ParLevLIter pl_iter);

  /// set the warm start flag (warmStartFlag)
  virtual void warm_start_flag(const bool flag);

  /// Declare a model's sources to the evaluationsDB
  virtual void declare_sources();

  //
  //- Heading: Member functions
  //

  /// return the sub-models in nested and surrogate models
  ModelList& subordinate_models(bool recurse_flag = true);

  // TO DO: synchronous evaluate() should return int codes for
  // algorithm-specific mitigation of captured failures

  /// Compute the Response at currentVariables (default ActiveSet).
  void evaluate();
  /// Compute the Response at currentVariables (specified ActiveSet).
  void evaluate(const ActiveSet& set);

  /// Spawn an asynchronous job (or jobs) that computes the value of the
  /// Response at currentVariables (default ActiveSet).
  void evaluate_nowait();
  /// Spawn an asynchronous job (or jobs) that computes the value of the
  /// Response at currentVariables (specified ActiveSet).
  void evaluate_nowait(const ActiveSet& set);

  // TO DO: for evaluate_nowait(), add access fns for ShortArray/List
  // return codes for algorithm-specific mitigation of captured failures.

  /// Execute a blocking scheduling algorithm to collect the
  /// complete set of results from a group of asynchronous evaluations.
  const IntResponseMap& synchronize();
  /// Execute a nonblocking scheduling algorithm to collect all
  /// available results from a group of asynchronous evaluations.
  const IntResponseMap& synchronize_nowait();

  /// return Model's (top-level) evaluation counter, not to be confused
  /// with derived counter returned by derived_evaluation_id()
  int evaluation_id() const;

  // return mappingInitialized
  bool mapping_initialized() const;

  /// allocate communicator partitions for a model and store
  /// configuration in modelPCIterMap
  void init_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter, int max_eval_concurrency,
			  bool recurse_flag = true);
  /// for cases where init_communicators() will not be called,
  /// modify some default settings to behave properly in serial.
  void init_serial();
  /// set active parallel configuration for the model (set modelPCIter
  /// from modelPCIterMap)
  void set_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter, int max_eval_concurrency,
			 bool recurse_flag = true);
  /// deallocate communicator partitions for a model
  void free_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter, int max_eval_concurrency,
			  bool recurse_flag = true);

  /// retrieve the MPI communicator on which this model is configured to
  /// conduct function evaluation analyses (provided for library clients)
  MPI_Comm analysis_comm() const;

  /// called from IteratorScheduler::init_iterator() for iteratorComm rank 0 to
  /// terminate serve_init_communicators() on other iteratorComm processors
  void stop_init_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter);
  /// called from IteratorScheduler::init_iterator() for iteratorComm rank != 0
  /// to balance init_communicators() calls on iteratorComm rank 0
  int serve_init_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter);

  /// estimate messageLengths for a model
  void estimate_message_lengths();

  /// return (potentially aggregated) size of response vector in currentResponse
  size_t response_size() const;

  /// initialize modelList and recastFlags for data import/export
  bool manage_data_recastings();
  /// return true if recastFlags is defined
  bool recastings() const;

  /// employ the model recursion to transform from bottom level
  /// user-space data to top level iterator-space data
  void user_space_to_iterator_space(const Variables& user_vars,
				    const Response&  user_resp,
				    Variables& iter_vars, Response& iter_resp);
  /// employ the model recursion to transform from top level
  /// iterator-space data to bottom level user-space data
  void iterator_space_to_user_space(const Variables& iter_vars,
				    const Response&  iter_resp,
				    Variables& user_vars, Response& user_resp);

  //
  //- Heading: Set and Inquire functions
  //

  /// replaces existing letter with a new one
  void assign_rep(std::shared_ptr<Model> model_rep);

  // VARIABLES

  size_t  tv()  const; ///< returns total number of vars
  size_t  cv()  const; ///< returns number of active continuous variables
  size_t div()  const; ///< returns number of active discrete integer vars
  size_t dsv()  const; ///< returns number of active discrete string vars
  size_t drv()  const; ///< returns number of active discrete real vars
  size_t icv()  const; ///< returns number of inactive continuous variables
  size_t idiv() const; ///< returns number of inactive discrete integer vars
  size_t idsv() const; ///< returns number of inactive discrete string vars
  size_t idrv() const; ///< returns number of inactive discrete real vars
  size_t acv()  const; ///< returns total number of continuous variables
  size_t adiv() const; ///< returns total number of discrete integer vars
  size_t adsv() const; ///< returns total number of discrete string vars
  size_t adrv() const; ///< returns total number of discrete real vars

  /// set the active variables in currentVariables
  void active_variables(const Variables& vars);

  /// return the active continuous variables from currentVariables
  const RealVector& continuous_variables() const;
  /// return an active continuous variable from currentVariables
  Real continuous_variable(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active continuous variables in currentVariables
  void continuous_variables(const RealVector& c_vars);
  /// set an active continuous variable in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable(Real c_var, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete integer variables from currentVariables
  const IntVector& discrete_int_variables() const;
  /// return an active discrete integer variable from currentVariables
  int discrete_int_variable(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete integer variables in currentVariables
  void discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& d_vars);
  /// set an active discrete integer variable in currentVariables
  void discrete_int_variable(int d_var, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete string variables from currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView discrete_string_variables() const;
  /// return an active discrete string variable from currentVariables
  const String& discrete_string_variable(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete string variables in currentVariables
  void discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView d_vars);
  /// set an active discrete string variable in currentVariables
  void discrete_string_variable(const String& d_var, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete real variables from currentVariables
  const RealVector& discrete_real_variables() const;
  /// return an active discrete real variable from currentVariables
  Real discrete_real_variable(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete real variables in currentVariables
  void discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& d_vars);
  /// set an active discrete real variable in currentVariables
  void discrete_real_variable(Real d_var, size_t i);

  /// return the active continuous variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView continuous_variable_types() const;
  /// set the active continuous variable types in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView cv_types);
  /// set an active continuous variable type in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable_type(unsigned short cv_type, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView discrete_int_variable_types() const;
  /// set the active discrete variable types in currentVariables
  void discrete_int_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView div_types);
  /// set an active discrete variable type in currentVariables
  void discrete_int_variable_type(unsigned short div_type, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView discrete_string_variable_types() const;
  /// set the active discrete variable types in currentVariables
  void discrete_string_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView div_types);
  /// set an active discrete variable type in currentVariables
  void discrete_string_variable_type(unsigned short div_type, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView discrete_real_variable_types() const;
  /// set the active discrete variable types in currentVariables
  void discrete_real_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView drv_types);
  /// set an active discrete variable type in currentVariables
  void discrete_real_variable_type(unsigned short drv_type, size_t i);
  /// return the active continuous variable identifiers from currentVariables
  SizetMultiArrayConstView continuous_variable_ids() const;
  /// set the active continuous variable identifiers in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable_ids(SizetMultiArrayConstView cv_ids);
  /// set an active continuous variable identifier in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable_id(size_t cv_id, size_t i);

  /// return the inactive continuous variables in currentVariables
  const RealVector& inactive_continuous_variables() const;
  /// set the inactive continuous variables in currentVariables
  void inactive_continuous_variables(const RealVector& i_c_vars);
  /// return the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  const IntVector& inactive_discrete_int_variables() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& i_d_vars);
  /// return the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView inactive_discrete_string_variables() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_vars);
  /// return the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  const RealVector& inactive_discrete_real_variables() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variables in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& i_d_vars);

  /// return the inactive continuous variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView inactive_continuous_variable_types() const;
  /// return the inactive continuous variable identifiers from currentVariables
  SizetMultiArrayConstView inactive_continuous_variable_ids() const;

  /// return all continuous variables in currentVariables
  const RealVector& all_continuous_variables() const;
  /// set all continuous variables in currentVariables
  void all_continuous_variables(const RealVector& a_c_vars);
  /// set a variable within the all continuous variables in currentVariables
  void all_continuous_variable(Real a_c_var, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variables in currentVariables
  const IntVector& all_discrete_int_variables() const;
  /// set all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& a_d_vars);
  /// set a variable within the all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_int_variable(int a_d_var, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variables in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_string_variables() const;
  /// set all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_vars);
  /// set a variable within the all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_string_variable(const String& a_d_var, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variables in currentVariables
  const RealVector& all_discrete_real_variables() const;
  /// set all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& a_d_vars);
  /// set a variable within the all discrete variables in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_real_variable(Real a_d_var, size_t i);

  /// return all continuous variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView all_continuous_variable_types()    const;
  /// return all discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_int_variable_types()  const;
  /// return all discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_string_variable_types()  const;
  /// return all discrete variable types from currentVariables
  UShortMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_real_variable_types() const;
  /// return all continuous variable identifiers from currentVariables
  SizetMultiArrayConstView  all_continuous_variable_ids()      const;

  // array indicating which discrete integer variables are set vs. range?
  /// define and return discreteIntSets using active view from currentVariables
  const BitArray& discrete_int_sets();
  /// define and return discreteIntSets using passed active view
  const BitArray& discrete_int_sets(short active_view);
  // define and return discreteStringSets
  //const BitArray& discrete_string_sets();
  // define and return discreteRealSets
  //const BitArray& discrete_real_sets();

  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set integer variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetIntValues)
  const IntSetArray& discrete_set_int_values();
  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set integer variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetIntValues)
  const IntSetArray& discrete_set_int_values(short active_view);
  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set string variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetStringValues)
  const StringSetArray& discrete_set_string_values();
  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set string variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetStringValues)
  const StringSetArray& discrete_set_string_values(short active_view);
  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set real variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetRealValues)
  const RealSetArray& discrete_set_real_values();
  /// return the sets of values available for each of the active
  /// discrete set real variables (aggregated in activeDiscSetRealValues)
  const RealSetArray& discrete_set_real_values(short active_view);

  /// return mvDist
  Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& multivariate_distribution();
  /// return mvDist
  const Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& multivariate_distribution() const;
  // set mvDist
  //void multivariate_distribution(const Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& dist);

  // LABELS and TAGS

  /// return the active continuous variable labels from currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView continuous_variable_labels() const;
  /// set the active continuous variable labels in currentVariables
  void continuous_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView c_v_labels);
  /// return the active discrete variable labels from currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView discrete_int_variable_labels()   const;
  /// set the active discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void discrete_int_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels);
  /// return the active discrete variable labels from currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView discrete_string_variable_labels()   const;
  /// set the active discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void discrete_string_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels);
  /// return the active discrete variable labels from currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView discrete_real_variable_labels()   const;
  /// set the active discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void discrete_real_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels);

  /// return the inactive continuous variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView inactive_continuous_variable_labels() const;
  /// set the inactive continuous variable labels in currentVariables
  void inactive_continuous_variable_labels(
    StringMultiArrayConstView i_c_v_labels);
  /// return the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels(
    StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels);
  /// return the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels(
    StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels);
  /// return the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels(
    StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels);

  /// return all continuous variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView all_continuous_variable_labels() const;
  /// set all continuous variable labels in currentVariables
  void all_continuous_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_c_v_labels);
  /// set a label within the all continuous labels in currentVariables
  void all_continuous_variable_label(const String& a_c_v_label,size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_int_variable_labels() const;
  /// set all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_int_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_v_labels);
  /// set a label within the all discrete labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_int_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label,
				       size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_string_variable_labels() const;
  /// set all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_string_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView
					   a_d_v_labels);
  /// set a label within the all discrete labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_string_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label,
					  size_t i);
  /// return all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  StringMultiArrayConstView all_discrete_real_variable_labels() const;
  /// set all discrete variable labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_real_variable_labels(
    StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_v_labels);
  /// set a label within the all discrete labels in currentVariables
  void all_discrete_real_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label, size_t i);

  /// return the response labels from currentResponse
  const StringArray& response_labels() const;
  /// set the response labels in currentResponse
  void response_labels(const StringArray& resp_labels);

  // BOUNDS

  /// return the active continuous lower bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& continuous_lower_bounds() const;
  /// return an active continuous lower bound from userDefinedConstraints
  Real continuous_lower_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active continuous lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& c_l_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active continuous lower bound in userDefinedConstraints
  void continuous_lower_bound(Real c_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return the active continuous upper bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& continuous_upper_bounds() const;
  /// return an active continuous upper bound from userDefinedConstraints
  Real continuous_upper_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active continuous upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& c_u_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active continuous upper bound from userDefinedConstraints
  void continuous_upper_bound(Real c_u_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete int lower bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& discrete_int_lower_bounds() const;
  /// return an active discrete int lower bound from userDefinedConstraints
  int discrete_int_lower_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete int lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& d_l_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active discrete int lower bound in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_int_lower_bound(int d_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete int upper bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& discrete_int_upper_bounds() const;
  /// return an active discrete int upper bound from userDefinedConstraints
  int discrete_int_upper_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete int upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& d_u_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active discrete int upper bound in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_int_upper_bound(int d_u_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete real lower bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& discrete_real_lower_bounds() const;
  /// return an active discrete real lower bound from userDefinedConstraints
  Real discrete_real_lower_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete real lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& d_l_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active discrete real lower bound in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_real_lower_bound(Real d_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return the active discrete real upper bounds from userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& discrete_real_upper_bounds() const;
  /// return an active discrete real upper bound from userDefinedConstraints
  Real discrete_real_upper_bound(size_t i) const;
  /// set the active discrete real upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& d_u_bnds);
  /// set the i-th active discrete real upper bound in userDefinedConstraints
  void discrete_real_upper_bound(Real d_u_bnd, size_t i);

  /// return the inactive continuous lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& inactive_continuous_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive continuous lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& i_c_l_bnds);
  /// return the inactive continuous upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& inactive_continuous_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive continuous upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& i_c_u_bnds);
  /// return the inactive discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& i_d_l_bnds);
  /// return the inactive discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& i_d_u_bnds);
  /// return the inactive discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& i_d_l_bnds);
  /// return the inactive discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set the inactive discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& i_d_u_bnds);

  /// return all continuous lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& all_continuous_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set all continuous lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& a_c_l_bnds);
  /// set a lower bound within continuous lower bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_continuous_lower_bound(Real a_c_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return all continuous upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& all_continuous_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set all continuous upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& a_c_u_bnds);
  /// set an upper bound within all continuous upper bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_continuous_upper_bound(Real a_c_u_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& all_discrete_int_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set all discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& a_d_l_bnds);
  /// set a lower bound within all discrete lower bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_int_lower_bound(int a_d_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const IntVector& all_discrete_int_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set all discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& a_d_u_bnds);
  /// set an upper bound within all discrete upper bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_int_upper_bound(int a_d_u_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& all_discrete_real_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set all discrete lower bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& a_d_l_bnds);
  /// set a lower bound within all discrete lower bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_real_lower_bound(Real a_d_l_bnd, size_t i);
  /// return all discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  const RealVector& all_discrete_real_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set all discrete upper bounds in userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& a_d_u_bnds);
  /// set an upper bound within all discrete upper bounds in
  /// userDefinedConstraints
  void all_discrete_real_upper_bound(Real a_d_u_bnd, size_t i);

  // CONSTRAINTS

  /// reshape the linear/nonlinear constraint arrays
  void reshape_constraints(size_t num_nln_ineq_cons, size_t num_nln_eq_cons,
			   size_t num_lin_ineq_cons, size_t num_lin_eq_cons);

  // LINEAR CONSTRAINTS

  /// return the number of linear inequality constraints
  size_t num_linear_ineq_constraints() const;
  /// return the number of linear equality constraints
  size_t num_linear_eq_constraints() const;

  /// return the linear inequality constraint coefficients
  const RealMatrix& linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs() const;
  /// set the linear inequality constraint coefficients
  void linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs(const RealMatrix& lin_ineq_coeffs);
  /// return the linear inequality constraint lower bounds
  const RealVector& linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set the linear inequality constraint lower bounds
  void linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(
    const RealVector& lin_ineq_l_bnds);
  /// return the linear inequality constraint upper bounds
  const RealVector& linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set the linear inequality constraint upper bounds
  void linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(
    const RealVector& lin_ineq_u_bnds);
  /// return the linear equality constraint coefficients
  const RealMatrix& linear_eq_constraint_coeffs() const;
  /// set the linear equality constraint coefficients
  void linear_eq_constraint_coeffs(const RealMatrix& lin_eq_coeffs);
  /// return the linear equality constraint targets
  const RealVector& linear_eq_constraint_targets() const;
  /// set the linear equality constraint targets
  void linear_eq_constraint_targets(const RealVector& lin_eq_targets);

  // NONLINEAR CONSTRAINTS

  /// return the number of nonlinear inequality constraints
  size_t num_nonlinear_ineq_constraints() const;
  /// return the number of nonlinear equality constraints
  size_t num_nonlinear_eq_constraints() const;

  /// return the nonlinear inequality constraint lower bounds
  const RealVector& nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds() const;
  /// set the nonlinear inequality constraint lower bounds
  void nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(
    const RealVector& nln_ineq_l_bnds);
  /// return the nonlinear inequality constraint upper bounds
  const RealVector& nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds() const;
  /// set the nonlinear inequality constraint upper bounds
  void nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(
    const RealVector& nln_ineq_u_bnds);
  /// return the nonlinear equality constraint targets
  const RealVector& nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets() const;
  /// set the nonlinear equality constraint targets
  void nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets(const RealVector& nln_eq_targets);

  // return the array of discrete variable identifiers that were
  // relaxed into a continuous array in currentVariables
  //const SizetArray& relaxed_discrete_ids() const;

  /// return the current variables (currentVariables) as const
  /// reference (preferred)
  const Variables& current_variables() const;
  /// return the current variables (currentVariables) in mutable form
  /// (special cases)
  Variables& current_variables();
  /// return the user-defined constraints (userDefinedConstraints)
  const Constraints& user_defined_constraints() const;
  /// return the current response (currentResponse)
  const Response& current_response() const;
  /// return the problem description database (probDescDB)
  ProblemDescDB& problem_description_db() const;
  /// return the parallel library (parallelLib)
  ParallelLibrary& parallel_library() const;
  /// return the model type (modelType)
  const String& model_type() const;
  /// return the surrogate type (surrogateType)
  const String& surrogate_type() const;
  /// return the model identifier (modelId)
  const String& model_id() const;

  /// return number of primary functions (total less nonlinear constraints)
  size_t num_primary_fns() const;
  /// return number of secondary functions (number of nonlinear constraints)
  size_t num_secondary_fns() const;

  /// return the gradient evaluation type (gradientType)
  const String& gradient_type() const;
  /// return the numerical gradient evaluation method source (methodSource)
  const String& method_source() const;
  /// return the numerical gradient evaluation interval type (intervalType)
  const String& interval_type() const;
  /// option for ignoring bounds when numerically estimating derivatives
  bool ignore_bounds() const;
  /// option for using old 2nd-order scheme when computing finite-diff Hessian
  bool central_hess() const;
  /// return the finite difference gradient step size (fdGradStepSize)
  const RealVector& fd_gradient_step_size() const;
  /// return the finite difference gradient step type (fdGradStepType)
  const String& fd_gradient_step_type() const;
  /// return the mixed gradient analytic IDs (gradIdAnalytic)
  const IntSet& gradient_id_analytic() const;
  /// return the mixed gradient numerical IDs (gradIdNumerical)
  const IntSet& gradient_id_numerical() const;

  /// return the Hessian evaluation type (hessianType)
  const String& hessian_type() const;
  /// return the Hessian evaluation type (quasiHessType)
  const String& quasi_hessian_type() const;
  /// return gradient-based finite difference Hessian step size
  /// (fdHessByGradStepSize)
  const RealVector& fd_hessian_by_grad_step_size() const;
  /// return function-based finite difference Hessian step size
  /// (fdHessByFnStepSize)
  const RealVector& fd_hessian_by_fn_step_size() const;
  /// return the finite difference Hessian step type (fdHessStepType)
  const String& fd_hessian_step_type() const;
  /// return the mixed Hessian analytic IDs (hessIdAnalytic)
  const IntSet& hessian_id_analytic() const;
  /// return the mixed Hessian analytic IDs (hessIdNumerical)
  const IntSet& hessian_id_numerical() const;
  /// return the mixed Hessian analytic IDs (hessIdQuasi)
  const IntSet& hessian_id_quasi() const;

  /// set the optimization sense for multiple objective functions
  void primary_response_fn_sense(const BoolDeque& sense);
  /// get the optimization sense for multiple objective functions
  const BoolDeque& primary_response_fn_sense() const;
  /// get the relative weightings for multiple objective functions or least
  /// squares terms
  const RealVector& primary_response_fn_weights() const;
  /// user-provided scaling options
  const ScalingOptions& scaling_options() const;

  /// get the primary response function type (generic, objective, calibration)
  short primary_fn_type() const;
  /// set the primary response function type, e.g., when recasting
  void primary_fn_type(short type);

  /// indicates potential usage of estimate_derivatives() based on
  /// gradientType/hessianType
  bool derivative_estimation();
  /// set whether this model should perform or pass on derivative estimation
  void supports_derivative_estimation(bool sed_flag);

  /// set initCommsBcastFlag
  void init_comms_bcast_flag(bool icb_flag);

  /// return the evaluation capacity for use in iterator logic
  int evaluation_capacity() const;

  /// return the gradient concurrency for use in parallel configuration logic
  int derivative_concurrency() const;

  /// return the asynchronous evaluation flag (asynchEvalFlag)
  bool asynch_flag() const;
  /// set the asynchronous evaluation flag (asynchEvalFlag)
  void asynch_flag(const bool flag);

  /// return the outputLevel
  short output_level() const;
  /// set the outputLevel
  void output_level(const short level);

  /// return the array of MPI packed message buffer lengths (messageLengths)
  const IntArray& message_lengths() const;

  /// set modelPCIter
  void parallel_configuration_iterator(ParConfigLIter pc_iter);
  /// return modelPCIter
  ParConfigLIter parallel_configuration_iterator() const;

  /// set modelAutoGraphicsFlag to activate posting of graphics data within
  /// evaluate/synchronize functions (automatic graphics posting in
  /// the model as opposed to graphics posting at the strategy level).
  void auto_graphics(const bool flag);

  /// get modelAutoGraphicsFlag to activate posting of graphics data within
  /// evaluate/synchronize functions (automatic graphics posting in
  /// the model as opposed to graphics posting at the strategy level).
  bool auto_graphics() const;

  /// function to check modelRep (does this envelope contain a letter)
  bool is_null() const;

  /// returns modelRep for access to derived class member functions
  /// that are not mapped to the top Model level
  std::shared_ptr<Model> model_rep() const;

  /// set the specified configuration to the Model's inactive vars,
  /// converting from real to integer or through index to string value
  /// as needed
  static void active_variables(const RealVector& config_vars, Model& model);
  /// set the specified configuration to the Model's inactive vars,
  /// converting from real to integer or through index to string value
  /// as needed
  static void inactive_variables(const RealVector& config_vars, Model& model);

  static void inactive_variables(const RealVector& config_vars, Model& model,
				 Variables& updated_vars);

  /// Bulk synchronously evaluate the model for each column in the
  /// samples matrix and return as columns of the response matrix
  static void evaluate(const RealMatrix& samples_matrix,
		       Model& model, RealMatrix& resp_matrix);

  /// Return the model ID of the "innermost" model.
  /// For all derived Models except RecastModels, return modelId.
  /// The RecastModel override returns the root_model_id() of the subModel.
  virtual String root_model_id();

  virtual ActiveSet default_active_set();

protected:

  //
  //- Heading: Constructors
  //

  /// constructor initializing the base class part of letter classes
  /// (BaseConstructor overloading avoids infinite recursion in the
  /// derived class constructors - Coplien, p. 139)
  Model(BaseConstructor, ProblemDescDB& problem_db);

  /// constructor initializing base class for derived model class instances
  /// constructed on the fly
  Model(LightWtBaseConstructor, ProblemDescDB& problem_db,
	ParallelLibrary& parallel_lib,
	const SharedVariablesData& svd, bool share_svd,
	const SharedResponseData&  srd, bool share_srd,
	const ActiveSet& set, short output_level);

  /// constructor initializing base class for recast model instances
  Model(LightWtBaseConstructor, ProblemDescDB& problem_db,
	ParallelLibrary& parallel_lib);


  /// return the next available model ID for no-ID user methods
  static String user_auto_id();

  /// return the next available model ID for on-the-fly methods
  static String no_spec_id();

  /// Whether to write model evals to the evaluations DB
  EvaluationsDBState modelEvaluationsDBState;
  /// Whether to write interface evals to the evaluations DB
  EvaluationsDBState interfEvaluationsDBState;

  //
  //- Heading: Virtual functions
  //

  /// portion of evaluate() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_evaluate(const ActiveSet& set);
  /// portion of evaluate_nowait() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_evaluate_nowait(const ActiveSet& set);

  /// portion of synchronize() specific to derived model classes
  virtual const IntResponseMap& derived_synchronize();
  /// portion of synchronize_nowait() specific to derived model classes
  virtual const IntResponseMap& derived_synchronize_nowait();

  /// portion of init_communicators() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_init_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter,
					  int max_eval_concurrency,
					  bool recurse_flag = true);
  /// portion of init_serial() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_init_serial();
  /// portion of set_communicators() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_set_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter,
					 int max_eval_concurrency,
					 bool recurse_flag = true);
  /// portion of free_communicators() specific to derived model classes
  virtual void derived_free_communicators(ParLevLIter pl_iter,
					  int max_eval_concurrency,
					  bool recurse_flag = true);

  //
  //- Heading: Member functions
  //

  /// initialize distribution types from problemDescDB
  void initialize_distribution(
    Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& mv_dist, bool active_only = false);
  /// initialize distribution parameters from problemDescDB
  void initialize_distribution_parameters(
    Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& mv_dist, bool active_only = false);

  /// default logic for defining asynchEvalFlag and evaluationCapacity
  /// based on ie_pl settings
  void set_ie_asynchronous_mode(int max_eval_concurrency);

  /// assign all of the longest possible string values into vars
  void assign_max_strings(const Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& mv_dist,
			  Variables& vars);
  /// return iterator for longest string value found in string set
  SSCIter max_string(const StringSet& ss);
  /// return iterator for longest string value found in string map
  SRMCIter max_string(const StringRealMap& srm);

  /// Initialize data needed for computing finite differences
  /// (active/inactive, center point, and bounds)
  SizetMultiArrayConstView
  initialize_x0_bounds(const SizetArray& original_dvv, bool& active_derivs,
                       bool& inactive_derivs, RealVector& x0, RealVector& fd_lb,
                       RealVector& fd_ub) const;

  /// Compute the forward step for a finite difference gradient;
  /// updates shortStep
  Real forward_grad_step(size_t num_deriv_vars, size_t xj_index,
                         Real x0_j, Real lb_j, Real ub_j);

  /*
  /// rekey jobs from resp_map to resp_map_rekey according to id_map; this
  /// version selects a loop over response or id map based on the smaller
  /// array size
  void rekey_response_map(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
			  IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
			  bool deep_copy_resp = false);
  /// rekey jobs from resp_map to resp_map_rekey according to id_map;
  /// this version iterates over resp_map and searches id_map
  void rekey_response_map_rloop(const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				IntIntMap& id_map,
				IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
				bool deep_copy_resp = false);
  /// rekey jobs from resp_map to resp_map_rekey according to id_map;
  /// this version iterates over id_map and searches resp_map
  void rekey_response_map_iloop(const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
				IntIntMap& id_map,
				IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
				bool deep_copy_resp = false);
  /// migrate and rekey jobs from resp_map and cached_resp_map to resp_map_rekey
  /// according to id_map; insert unmatched resp_map jobs into cached_resp_map
  void rekey_response_map(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
			  IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
			  IntResponseMap& cached_resp_map,
			  bool deep_copy_resp = false);
  */

  /// Return the interface flag for the EvaluationsDB state
  EvaluationsDBState evaluations_db_state(const Interface &interface);
  /// Return the model flag for the EvaluationsDB state
  EvaluationsDBState evaluations_db_state(const Model &model);


  /// Store the response portion of an interface evaluation. Called from rekey_response_map
  void asynch_eval_store(const Interface &interface, const int &id, const Response &response);
  /// Exists to support storage of interface evaluations. No-op so that
  ///  rekey_response_map<Model> can be generated.
  void asynch_eval_store(const Model &model, const int &id, const Response &response);

  /// rekey returned jobs matched in id_map into resp_map_rekey;
  /// unmatched jobs are cached within the meta_object
  template <typename MetaType>
  void rekey_response_map(MetaType& meta_object, const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
			  IntIntMap& id_map, IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
			  bool deep_copy_resp = false);
  /// synchronize via meta_object and rekey returned jobs matched in id_map
  /// into resp_map_rekey; unmatched jobs are cached within the meta_object
  template <typename MetaType>
  void rekey_synch(MetaType& meta_object, bool block, IntIntMap& id_map,
		   IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey, bool deep_copy_resp = false);

  //
  //- Heading: Data
  //

  // The 3 parts of the mapping performed by a model. Note that the size_t's
  // describing the sizes of data within these objects must be declared in the
  // order that ModelRep initialization should occur (see Effective C++, p. 41).

  /// the set of current variables used by the model for performing
  /// function evaluations
  Variables currentVariables;
  /// the number of active continuous variables used in computing most response
  /// derivatives (i.e., in places such as quasi-Hessians and response
  /// corrections where only the active continuous variables are supported)
  size_t numDerivVars;

  // presence of a Interface now varies by derived model class
  //Interface userDefinedInterface;

  /// the set of current responses that holds the results of model
  /// function evaluations
  Response currentResponse;
  /// the number of functions in currentResponse
  size_t numFns;

  /// Explicit constraints on variables are maintained in the Constraints
  /// class hierarchy.  Currently, this includes linear constraints and bounds,
  /// but could be extended in the future to include other explicit constraints
  /// which (1) have their form specified by the user, and (2) are not
  /// catalogued in Response since their form and coefficients are published to
  /// an iterator at startup.
  Constraints userDefinedConstraints;

  /// model identifier string from the input file
  String modelId;
  /// type of model: simulation, nested, or surrogate
  String modelType;
  /// type of surrogate model: local_*, multipoint_*, global_*, or hierarchical
  String surrogateType;

  /// type of gradient data: analytic, numerical, mixed, or none
  String gradientType;
  /// source of numerical gradient routine: dakota or vendor
  String methodSource;
  /// type of numerical gradient interval: central or forward
  String intervalType;
  /// type of Hessian data: analytic, numerical, quasi, mixed, or none
  String hessianType;

  /// relative finite difference step size for numerical gradients
  /** A scalar value (instead of the vector fd_gradient_step_size spec) is
      used within the iterator hierarchy since this attribute is only used
      to publish a step size to vendor numerical gradient algorithms. */
  RealVector fdGradStepSize;
  /// type of finite difference step to use for numerical gradient:
  /// relative - step length is relative to x
  /// absolute - step length is what is specified
  /// bounds - step length is relative to range of x
  String fdGradStepType;
  /// relative finite difference step size for numerical Hessians estimated
  /// using first-order differences of gradients
  /** For vendor numerical Hessian algorithms, a scalar value is used. */
  RealVector fdHessByGradStepSize;
  /// relative finite difference step size for numerical Hessians estimated
  /// using second-order differences of function values
  /** For vendor numerical Hessian algorithms, a scalar value is used. */
  RealVector fdHessByFnStepSize;
  /// type of finite difference step to use for numerical Hessian:
  /// relative - step length is relative to x
  /// absolute - step length is what is specified
  /// bounds - step length is relative to range of x
  String fdHessStepType;

  /// option to ignore bounds when computing finite diffs
  bool ignoreBounds;
  /// option to use old 2nd-order finite diffs for Hessians
  bool centralHess;
  /// if in warm-start mode, don't reset accumulated data (e.g., quasiHessians)
  bool warmStartFlag;
  /// whether model should perform or forward derivative estimation
  bool supportsEstimDerivs;
  /// quasi-Hessian type: bfgs, damped_bfgs, sr1
  String quasiHessType;

  IntSet gradIdAnalytic;  ///< analytic id's for mixed gradients
  IntSet gradIdNumerical; ///< numerical id's for mixed gradients
  IntSet hessIdAnalytic;  ///< analytic id's for mixed Hessians
  IntSet hessIdNumerical; ///< numerical id's for mixed Hessians
  IntSet hessIdQuasi;     ///< quasi id's for mixed Hessians

  /// length of packed MPI buffers containing vars, vars/set, response,
  /// and PRPair
  IntArray messageLengths;

  /// track use of initialize_mapping() and finalize_mapping()
  bool mappingInitialized;

  /// class member reference to the problem description database
  /** Iterator and Model cannot use a shallow copy of ProblemDescDB
      due to circular destruction dependency (reference counts can't
      get to 0), since ProblemDescDB contains {iterator,model}List. */
  ProblemDescDB& probDescDB;

  /// class member reference to the parallel library
  ParallelLibrary& parallelLib;

  /// the ParallelConfiguration node used by this Model instance
  ParConfigLIter modelPCIter;

  /// the component parallelism mode: NO_PARALLEL_MODE, SURROGATE_MODEL_MODE,
  // TRUTH_MODEL_MODE, SUB_MODEL_MODE, INTERFACE_MODE, OPTIONAL_INTERFACE_MODE
  short componentParallelMode;

  /// flags asynch evaluations (local or distributed)
  bool asynchEvalFlag;

  /// capacity for concurrent evaluations supported by the Model
  int evaluationCapacity;

  /// output verbosity level: {SILENT,QUIET,NORMAL,VERBOSE,DEBUG}_OUTPUT
  short outputLevel;

  /*
  /// array of IntSet's, each containing the set of allowable integer
  /// values corresponding to a discrete design integer set variable
  IntSetArray discreteDesignSetIntValues;
  /// array of IntSet's, each containing the set of allowable integer
  /// values corresponding to a discrete design string set variable
  StringSetArray discreteDesignSetStringValues;
  /// array of RealSet's, each containing the set of allowable real
  /// values corresponding to a discrete design real set variable
  RealSetArray discreteDesignSetRealValues;

  /// array of IntSet's, each containing the set of allowable integer
  /// values corresponding to a discrete state integer set variable
  IntSetArray discreteStateSetIntValues;
  /// array of IntSet's, each containing the set of allowable integer
  /// values corresponding to a discrete state string set variable
  StringSetArray discreteStateSetStringValues;
  /// array of RealSet's, each containing the set of allowable real
  /// values corresponding to a discrete state real set variable
  RealSetArray discreteStateSetRealValues;
  */

  /// the multivariate random variable distribution (in probability space
  /// corresponding to currentVariables)
  Pecos::MultivariateDistribution mvDist;

  /// array of flags (one per primary function) for switching the
  /// sense to maximize the primary function (default is minimize)
  BoolDeque primaryRespFnSense;
  /// primary response function weightings (either weights for
  /// multiobjective optimization or weighted least squares)
  RealVector primaryRespFnWts;

  /// whether to perform hierarchical evalID tagging of params/results
  bool hierarchicalTagging;

  /// user-provided scaling data from the problem DB, possibly
  /// modified by Recasting
  ScalingOptions scalingOpts;

  /// cached evalTag Prefix from parents to use at evaluate time
  String evalTagPrefix;

  /// reference to the global evaluation database
  EvaluationStore &evaluationsDB;

private:

  //
  //- Heading: Member functions
  //

  /// Used by the envelope to instantiate the correct letter class
  std::shared_ptr<Model> get_model(ProblemDescDB& problem_db);

  /// evaluate numerical gradients using finite differences.  This
  /// routine is selected with "method_source dakota" (the default
  /// method_source) in the numerical gradient specification.
  int estimate_derivatives(const ShortArray& map_asv,
			   const ShortArray& fd_grad_asv,
			   const ShortArray& fd_hess_asv,
			   const ShortArray& quasi_hess_asv,
			   const ActiveSet& original_set,
			   const bool asynch_flag);

  /// combine results from an array of finite difference response
  /// objects (fd_grad_responses) into a single response (new_response)
  void synchronize_derivatives(const Variables& vars,
			       const IntResponseMap& fd_responses,
			       Response& new_response,
			       const ShortArray& fd_grad_asv,
			       const ShortArray& fd_hess_asv,
			       const ShortArray& quasi_hess_asv,
			       const ActiveSet& original_set);

  /// overlay results to update a response object
  void update_response(const Variables& vars, Response& new_response,
		       const ShortArray& fd_grad_asv,
		       const ShortArray& fd_hess_asv,
		       const ShortArray& quasi_hess_asv,
		       const ActiveSet& original_set,
		       Response& initial_map_response,
		       const RealMatrix& new_fn_grads,
		       const RealSymMatrixArray& new_fn_hessians);

  /// perform quasi-Newton Hessian updates
  void update_quasi_hessians(const Variables& vars, Response& new_response,
			     const ActiveSet& original_set);

  /// Coordinates usage of estimate_derivatives() calls based on asv_in
  bool manage_asv(const ActiveSet& original_set, ShortArray& map_asv_out,
		  ShortArray& fd_grad_asv_out, ShortArray& fd_hess_asv_out,
		  ShortArray& quasi_hess_asv_out);

  /// function to determine initial finite difference h (before step
  /// length adjustment) based on type of step desired
  Real initialize_h(Real x_j, Real lb_j, Real ub_j, Real step_size,
		    String step_type) const;
  /// function returning finite-difference step size (affected by bounds)
  Real FDstep1(Real x0_j, Real lb_j, Real ub_j, Real h_mag);
  /// function returning second central-difference step size (affected
  /// by bounds)
  Real FDstep2(Real x0_j, Real lb_j, Real ub_j, Real h);

  //
  //- Heading: Data
  //

  /// evaluation counter for top-level evaluate() and evaluate_nowait()
  /// calls.  Differs from lower level counters in case of numerical
  /// derivative estimation (several lower level evaluations are
  /// assimilated into a single higher level evaluation)
  int modelEvalCntr;

  /// flags presence of estimated derivatives within a set of calls to
  /// evaluate_nowait()
  bool estDerivsFlag;
  /// flags finite-difference step size adjusted by bounds
  bool shortStep;

  /// map<> used for tracking modelPCIter instances using depth of parallelism
  /// level and max evaluation concurrency as the lookup keys
  std::map<SizetIntPair, ParConfigLIter> modelPCIterMap;

  /// flag for determining need to bcast the max concurrency from
  /// init_communicators(); set from IteratorScheduler::init_iterator()
  bool initCommsBcastFlag;

  /// flag for posting of graphics data within evaluate()
  /// (automatic graphics posting in the model as opposed to
  /// graphics posting at the strategy level)
  bool modelAutoGraphicsFlag;

  /// history of vars populated in evaluate_nowait() and used in
  /// synchronize().
  IntVariablesMap varsMap;
  /// if estimate_derivatives() is used, transfers ASVs from
  /// evaluate_nowait() to synchronize()
  std::list<ShortArray> asvList;
  /// if estimate_derivatives() is used, transfers ActiveSets from
  /// evaluate_nowait() to synchronize()
  std::list<ActiveSet> setList;
  /// transfers initial_map flag values from estimate_derivatives() to
  /// synchronize_derivatives()
  BoolList initialMapList;
  /// transfers db_capture flag values from estimate_derivatives() to
  /// synchronize_derivatives()
  BoolList dbCaptureList;
  /// transfers database captures from estimate_derivatives() to
  /// synchronize_derivatives()
  ResponseList dbResponseList;
  /// transfers deltas from estimate_derivatives() to synchronize_derivatives()
  RealList deltaList;

  /// tracks the number of evaluations used within estimate_derivatives().
  /// Used in synchronize() as a key for combining finite difference
  /// responses into numerical gradients.
  IntIntMap numFDEvalsMap;
  /// maps from the raw evaluation ids returned by derived_synchronize() and
  /// derived_synchronize_nowait() to the corresponding modelEvalCntr id.
  /// Used for rekeying responseMap.
  IntIntMap rawEvalIdMap;

  /// previous parameter vectors used in computing s for quasi-Newton updates
  RealVectorArray xPrev;
  /// previous gradient vectors used in computing y for quasi-Newton updates
  RealMatrix fnGradsPrev;

  /// quasi-Newton Hessian approximations
  RealSymMatrixArray quasiHessians;
  /// number of quasi-Newton Hessian updates applied
  SizetArray numQuasiUpdates;

  /// used to return a map of responses for asynchronous evaluations in final
  /// concatenated form.  The similar map in Interface contains raw responses.
  IntResponseMap responseMap;
  /// caching of responses returned by derived_synchronize{,_nowait}()
  /// but not matched within current rawEvalIdMap
  IntResponseMap cachedResponseMap;
  /// used to cache the data returned from derived_synchronize_nowait() prior
  /// to sequential input into the graphics
  IntResponseMap graphicsRespMap;

  /// aggregation of the admissible value sets for all active discrete
  /// set integer variables
  IntSetArray activeDiscSetIntValues;
  /// aggregation of the admissible value sets for all active discrete
  /// set string variables
  StringSetArray activeDiscSetStringValues;
  /// aggregation of the admissible value sets for all active discrete
  /// set real variables
  RealSetArray activeDiscSetRealValues;
  /// key for identifying discrete integer set variables within the
  /// active discrete integer variables
  BitArray discreteIntSets;
  // key for identifying discrete string set variables within the active
  // discrete string variables
  //BitArray discreteStringSets;
  // key for identifying discrete real set variables within the active
  // discrete real variables
  //BitArray discreteRealSets;

  /// previous view used in discrete_set_int_values(view): avoids
  /// recomputation of activeDiscSetIntValues
  short prevDSIView;
  /// previous view used in discrete_set_string_values(view): avoids
  /// recomputation of activeDiscSetStringValues
  short prevDSSView;
  /// previous view used in discrete_set_real_values(view): avoids
  /// recomputation of activeDiscSetRealValues
  short prevDSRView;

  /// used to collect sub-models for subordinate_models()
  ModelList modelList;
  /// a key indicating which models within a model recursion involve recasting
  BoolDeque recastFlags;

  /// pointer to the letter (initialized only for the envelope)
  std::shared_ptr<Model> modelRep;

  /// the last used model ID number for on-the-fly instantiations
  /// (increment before each use)
  static size_t noSpecIdNum;
};


inline int Model::evaluation_id() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->modelEvalCntr : modelEvalCntr; }


inline bool Model::recastings() const
{ return (modelRep) ? !modelRep->recastFlags.empty() : !recastFlags.empty(); }


inline size_t Model::tv() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.tv() : currentVariables.tv(); }


inline size_t Model::cv() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.cv() : currentVariables.cv(); }


inline size_t Model::div() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.div() : currentVariables.div();
}


inline size_t Model::dsv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.dsv() : currentVariables.dsv();
}


inline size_t Model::drv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.drv() : currentVariables.drv();
}


inline size_t Model::icv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.icv() : currentVariables.icv();
}


inline size_t Model::idiv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.idiv()
                    : currentVariables.idiv();
}


inline size_t Model::idsv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.idsv()
                    : currentVariables.idsv();
}


inline size_t Model::idrv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.idrv()
                    : currentVariables.idrv();
}


inline size_t Model::acv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.acv() : currentVariables.acv();
}


inline size_t Model::adiv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.adiv()
                    : currentVariables.adiv();
}


inline size_t Model::adsv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.adsv()
                    : currentVariables.adsv();
}


inline size_t Model::adrv() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.adrv()
                    : currentVariables.adrv();
}


inline void Model::active_variables(const Variables& vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.active_variables(vars);
  else          currentVariables.active_variables(vars);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::continuous_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variables()
                    : currentVariables.continuous_variables();
}


inline Real Model::continuous_variable(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable(i)
                    : currentVariables.continuous_variable(i);
}


inline void Model::continuous_variables(const RealVector& c_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variables(c_vars);
  else          currentVariables.continuous_variables(c_vars);
}


inline void Model::continuous_variable(Real c_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable(c_var, i);
  else          currentVariables.continuous_variable(c_var, i);
}


inline const IntVector& Model::discrete_int_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variables()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_int_variables();
}


inline int Model::discrete_int_variable(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable(i)
                    : currentVariables.discrete_int_variable(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variables(d_vars);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_int_variables(d_vars);
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_variable(int d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable(d_var, i);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_int_variable(d_var, i);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_string_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variables()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_string_variables();
}


inline const String& Model::discrete_string_variable(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable(i)
                    : currentVariables.discrete_string_variable(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variables(d_vars);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_string_variables(d_vars);
}


inline void Model::discrete_string_variable(const String& d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable(d_var, i);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_string_variable(d_var, i);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::discrete_real_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variables()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_real_variables();
}


inline Real Model::discrete_real_variable(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable(i)
                    : currentVariables.discrete_real_variable(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variables(d_vars);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_real_variables(d_vars);
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_variable(Real d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable(d_var, i);
  else          currentVariables.discrete_real_variable(d_var, i);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::continuous_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_types()
                    : currentVariables.continuous_variable_types();
}


inline void Model::continuous_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView cv_types)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_types(cv_types);
  else
    currentVariables.continuous_variable_types(cv_types);
}


inline void Model::continuous_variable_type(unsigned short cv_type, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_type(cv_type, i);
  else
    currentVariables.continuous_variable_type(cv_type, i);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_int_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_types()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_types();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_int_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView div_types)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_types(div_types);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_types(div_types);
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_variable_type(unsigned short div_type, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_type(div_type, i);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_type(div_type, i);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_string_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_types() :
    currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_types();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_string_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView dsv_types)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_types(dsv_types);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_types(dsv_types);
}


inline void Model::
discrete_string_variable_type(unsigned short dsv_type, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_type(dsv_type, i);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_type(dsv_type, i);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_real_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_types()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_types();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_real_variable_types(UShortMultiArrayConstView drv_types)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_types(drv_types);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_types(drv_types);
}


inline void Model::
discrete_real_variable_type(unsigned short drv_type, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_type(drv_type, i);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_type(drv_type, i);
}


inline SizetMultiArrayConstView Model::continuous_variable_ids() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_ids()
                    : currentVariables.continuous_variable_ids();
}


inline void Model::continuous_variable_ids(SizetMultiArrayConstView cv_ids)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_ids(cv_ids);
  else
    currentVariables.continuous_variable_ids(cv_ids);
}


inline void Model::continuous_variable_id(size_t cv_id, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_id(cv_id, i);
  else
    currentVariables.continuous_variable_id(cv_id, i);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_continuous_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variables()
                    : currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variables();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_continuous_variables(const RealVector& i_c_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variables(i_c_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variables(i_c_vars);
}


inline const IntVector& Model::inactive_discrete_int_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variables() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variables();
}


inline void Model::inactive_discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& i_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variables(i_d_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variables(i_d_vars);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_discrete_string_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variables() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variables();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variables(i_d_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variables(i_d_vars);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_discrete_real_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variables() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variables();
}


inline void Model::inactive_discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& i_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variables(i_d_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variables(i_d_vars);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_continuous_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_types() :
    currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_types();
}


inline SizetMultiArrayConstView Model::inactive_continuous_variable_ids() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_ids() :
    currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_ids();
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_continuous_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variables()
                    : currentVariables.all_continuous_variables();
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_variables(const RealVector& a_c_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variables(a_c_vars);
  else          currentVariables.all_continuous_variables(a_c_vars);
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_variable(Real a_c_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable(a_c_var, i);
  else          currentVariables.all_continuous_variable(a_c_var, i);
}


inline const IntVector& Model::all_discrete_int_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variables()
                    : currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variables();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_variables(const IntVector& a_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variables(a_d_vars);
  else          currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variables(a_d_vars);
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_variable(int a_d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable(a_d_var, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable(a_d_var, i);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::all_discrete_string_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variables()
                    : currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variables();
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_string_variables(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variables(a_d_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variables(a_d_vars);
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_string_variable(const String& a_d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable(a_d_var, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable(a_d_var, i);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_discrete_real_variables() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variables()
                    : currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variables();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_variables(const RealVector& a_d_vars)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variables(a_d_vars);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variables(a_d_vars);
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_variable(Real a_d_var, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable(a_d_var, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable(a_d_var, i);
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::all_continuous_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_types()
                    : currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_types();
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::all_discrete_int_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_types() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_types();
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::
all_discrete_string_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_types() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_types();
}


inline UShortMultiArrayConstView Model::all_discrete_real_variable_types() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_types() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_types();
}


inline SizetMultiArrayConstView Model::all_continuous_variable_ids() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_ids()
                    : currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_ids();
}


/*
inline const IntSetArray& Model::discrete_design_set_int_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteDesignSetIntValues
                    : discreteDesignSetIntValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_design_set_int_values(const IntSetArray& isa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteDesignSetIntValues = isa;
  else          discreteDesignSetIntValues = isa;
}


inline const StringSetArray& Model::discrete_design_set_string_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteDesignSetStringValues
                    : discreteDesignSetStringValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_design_set_string_values(const StringSetArray& ssa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteDesignSetStringValues = ssa;
  else          discreteDesignSetStringValues = ssa;
}


inline const RealSetArray& Model::discrete_design_set_real_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteDesignSetRealValues
                    : discreteDesignSetRealValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_design_set_real_values(const RealSetArray& rsa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteDesignSetRealValues = rsa;
  else          discreteDesignSetRealValues = rsa;
}


inline const IntSetArray& Model::discrete_state_set_int_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteStateSetIntValues
                    : discreteStateSetIntValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_state_set_int_values(const IntSetArray& isa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteStateSetIntValues = isa;
  else          discreteStateSetIntValues = isa;
}


inline const StringSetArray& Model::discrete_state_set_string_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteStateSetStringValues
                    : discreteStateSetStringValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_state_set_string_values(const StringSetArray& ssa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteStateSetStringValues = ssa;
  else          discreteStateSetStringValues = ssa;
}


inline const RealSetArray& Model::discrete_state_set_real_values() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->discreteStateSetRealValues
                    : discreteStateSetRealValues;
}


inline void Model::discrete_state_set_real_values(const RealSetArray& rsa)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->discreteStateSetRealValues = rsa;
  else          discreteStateSetRealValues = rsa;
}
*/


inline const BitArray& Model::discrete_int_sets()
{
  if (modelRep)
    return modelRep->discrete_int_sets(modelRep->currentVariables.view().first);
  else
    return discrete_int_sets(currentVariables.view().first);
}


inline const IntSetArray& Model::discrete_set_int_values()
{
  if (modelRep)
    return modelRep->
      discrete_set_int_values(modelRep->currentVariables.view().first);
  else
    return discrete_set_int_values(currentVariables.view().first);
}


inline const StringSetArray& Model::discrete_set_string_values()
{
  if (modelRep)
    return modelRep->
      discrete_set_string_values(modelRep->currentVariables.view().first);
  else
    return discrete_set_string_values(currentVariables.view().first);
}


inline const RealSetArray& Model::discrete_set_real_values()
{
  if (modelRep)
    return modelRep->
      discrete_set_real_values(modelRep->currentVariables.view().first);
  else
    return discrete_set_real_values(currentVariables.view().first);
}


inline Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& Model::multivariate_distribution()
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->mvDist : mvDist; }


inline const Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& Model::
multivariate_distribution() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->mvDist : mvDist; }


// inline void Model::
// multivariate_distribution(const Pecos::MultivariateDistribution& dist)
// {
//   if (modelRep) modelRep->mvDist = dist;
//   else          mvDist = dist;
// }


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::continuous_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_labels()
                    : currentVariables.continuous_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
continuous_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView c_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.continuous_variable_labels(c_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.continuous_variable_labels(c_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_int_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_labels()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_int_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_int_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_string_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_string_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_string_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::discrete_real_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_labels()
                    : currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
discrete_real_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.discrete_real_variable_labels(d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_continuous_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_continuous_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView i_c_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_labels(i_c_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_continuous_variable_labels(i_c_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_int_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_string_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView i_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.inactive_discrete_real_variable_labels(i_d_v_labels);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::all_continuous_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
all_continuous_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_c_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_labels(a_c_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_labels(a_c_v_labels);
}


inline void Model::
all_continuous_variable_label(const String& a_c_v_label, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_label(a_c_v_label, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_continuous_variable_label(a_c_v_label, i);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::all_discrete_int_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_int_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_int_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_int_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
all_discrete_string_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_string_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_string_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_string_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
}


inline StringMultiArrayConstView Model::
all_discrete_real_variable_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_labels() :
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_labels();
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_real_variable_labels(StringMultiArrayConstView a_d_v_labels)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_labels(a_d_v_labels);
}


inline void Model::
all_discrete_real_variable_label(const String& a_d_v_label, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
  else
    currentVariables.all_discrete_real_variable_label(a_d_v_label, i);
}


inline size_t Model::response_size() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentResponse.num_functions()
                    : currentResponse.num_functions();
}


inline const StringArray& Model::response_labels() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentResponse.function_labels()
                    : currentResponse.function_labels();
}


inline void Model::response_labels(const StringArray& resp_labels)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentResponse.function_labels(resp_labels);
  else          currentResponse.function_labels(resp_labels);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::continuous_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bounds()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bounds();
}


inline Real Model::continuous_lower_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bound(i)
                    : userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& c_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->continuous_lower_bounds(c_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bounds(c_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(c_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().cv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::continuous_lower_bound(Real c_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->continuous_lower_bound(c_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.continuous_lower_bound(c_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(c_l_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().cv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::continuous_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bounds()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bounds();
}


inline Real Model::continuous_upper_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bound(i)
                    : userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& c_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->continuous_upper_bounds(c_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bounds(c_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(c_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().cv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::continuous_upper_bound(Real c_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->continuous_upper_bound(c_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.continuous_upper_bound(c_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(c_u_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().cv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::discrete_int_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bounds();
}


inline int Model::discrete_int_lower_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bound(i) :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_int_lower_bounds(d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bounds(d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(d_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().div_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_lower_bound(int d_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_int_lower_bound(d_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_lower_bound(d_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(d_l_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().div_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::discrete_int_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bounds();
}


inline int Model::discrete_int_upper_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bound(i) :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_int_upper_bounds(d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bounds(d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(d_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().div_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::discrete_int_upper_bound(int d_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_int_upper_bound(d_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_int_upper_bound(d_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(d_u_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().div_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::discrete_real_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bounds();
}


inline Real Model::discrete_real_lower_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bound(i) :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_real_lower_bounds(d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bounds(d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(d_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().drv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_lower_bound(Real d_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_real_lower_bound(d_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_lower_bound(d_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(d_l_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().drv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::discrete_real_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bounds();
}


inline Real Model::discrete_real_upper_bound(size_t i) const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bound(i) :
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bound(i);
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_real_upper_bounds(d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bounds(d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(d_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().drv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::discrete_real_upper_bound(Real d_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->discrete_real_upper_bound(d_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.discrete_real_upper_bound(d_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(d_u_bnd,
	currentVariables.shared_data().drv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_continuous_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& i_c_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_continuous_lower_bounds(i_c_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_lower_bounds(i_c_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(i_c_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().icv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_continuous_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& i_c_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_continuous_upper_bounds(i_c_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_continuous_upper_bounds(i_c_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(i_c_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().icv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& i_d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().idiv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& i_d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_int_upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().idiv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& i_d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(i_d_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().idrv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& i_d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.inactive_discrete_real_upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(i_d_u_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().idrv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_continuous_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_lower_bounds(const RealVector& a_c_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_continuous_lower_bounds(a_c_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_lower_bounds(a_c_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(a_c_l_bnds,
	currentVariables.shared_data().acv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_lower_bound(Real a_c_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_continuous_lower_bound(a_c_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_lower_bound(a_c_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(a_c_l_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().acv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_continuous_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_upper_bounds(const RealVector& a_c_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_continuous_upper_bounds(a_c_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_upper_bounds(a_c_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(a_c_u_bnds,
        currentVariables.shared_data().acv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_continuous_upper_bound(Real a_c_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_continuous_upper_bound(a_c_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_continuous_upper_bound(a_c_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(a_c_u_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().acv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::all_discrete_int_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_lower_bounds(const IntVector& a_d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_int_lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adiv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_lower_bound(int a_d_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_int_lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adiv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const IntVector& Model::all_discrete_int_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_upper_bounds(const IntVector& a_d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_int_upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adiv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_int_upper_bound(int a_d_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_int_upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_int_upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adiv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_discrete_real_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_lower_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_lower_bounds(const RealVector& a_d_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_real_lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bounds(a_d_l_bnds,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adrv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_lower_bound(Real a_d_l_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_real_lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.lower_bound(a_d_l_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adrv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline const RealVector& Model::all_discrete_real_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_upper_bounds() :
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_upper_bounds(const RealVector& a_d_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_real_upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bounds(a_d_u_bnds,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adrv_to_all_mask());
  }
}


inline void Model::all_discrete_real_upper_bound(Real a_d_u_bnd, size_t i)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->all_discrete_real_upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd, i);
  else {
    userDefinedConstraints.all_discrete_real_upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd, i);
    if (mvDist.global_bounds())
      mvDist.upper_bound(a_d_u_bnd,
        currentVariables.shared_data().adrv_index_to_all_index(i));
  }
}


inline void
Model::reshape_constraints(size_t num_nln_ineq_cons, size_t num_nln_eq_cons,
			   size_t num_lin_ineq_cons, size_t num_lin_eq_cons)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->
      userDefinedConstraints.reshape(num_nln_ineq_cons, num_nln_eq_cons,
				     num_lin_ineq_cons, num_lin_eq_cons);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.reshape(num_nln_ineq_cons, num_nln_eq_cons,
				   num_lin_ineq_cons, num_lin_eq_cons);
}


inline size_t Model::num_linear_ineq_constraints() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.num_linear_ineq_constraints()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.num_linear_ineq_constraints();
}


inline size_t Model::num_linear_eq_constraints() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.num_linear_eq_constraints()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.num_linear_eq_constraints();
}


inline const RealMatrix& Model::linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs();
}


inline void Model::
linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs(const RealMatrix& lin_ineq_coeffs)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs(
      lin_ineq_coeffs);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_coeffs(lin_ineq_coeffs);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
      modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds()
    : userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(const RealVector& lin_ineq_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(
      lin_ineq_l_bnds);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(lin_ineq_l_bnds);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
      modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds()
    : userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(const RealVector& lin_ineq_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(
      lin_ineq_u_bnds);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.linear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(lin_ineq_u_bnds);
}


inline const RealMatrix& Model::linear_eq_constraint_coeffs() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_coeffs()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_coeffs();
}


inline void Model::
linear_eq_constraint_coeffs(const RealMatrix& lin_eq_coeffs)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_coeffs(lin_eq_coeffs);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_coeffs(lin_eq_coeffs);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::linear_eq_constraint_targets() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_targets()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_targets();
}


inline void Model::
linear_eq_constraint_targets(const RealVector& lin_eq_targets)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_targets(
      lin_eq_targets);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.linear_eq_constraint_targets(lin_eq_targets);
}


inline size_t Model::num_nonlinear_ineq_constraints() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.num_nonlinear_ineq_constraints()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.num_nonlinear_ineq_constraints();
}


inline size_t Model::num_nonlinear_eq_constraints() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.num_nonlinear_eq_constraints()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.num_nonlinear_eq_constraints();
}


inline const RealVector& Model::
nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
      modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds()
    : userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(const RealVector& nln_ineq_l_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(
      nln_ineq_l_bnds);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_lower_bounds(
      nln_ineq_l_bnds);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::
nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
      modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds()
    : userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds();
}


inline void Model::
nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(const RealVector& nln_ineq_u_bnds)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(
      nln_ineq_u_bnds);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_ineq_constraint_upper_bounds(
      nln_ineq_u_bnds);
}


inline const RealVector& Model::nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->
                      userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets()
                    : userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets();
}


inline void Model::
nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets(const RealVector& nln_eq_targets)
{
  if (modelRep)
    modelRep->userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets(
      nln_eq_targets);
  else
    userDefinedConstraints.nonlinear_eq_constraint_targets(nln_eq_targets);
}


//inline const SizetArray& Model::relaxed_discrete_ids() const
//{
//  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables.relaxed_discrete_ids()
//                    : currentVariables.relaxed_discrete_ids();
//}


inline const Variables& Model::current_variables() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables : currentVariables; }


inline Variables& Model::current_variables()
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentVariables : currentVariables; }


inline const Constraints& Model::user_defined_constraints() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->userDefinedConstraints
                    : userDefinedConstraints;
}


inline const Response& Model::current_response() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->currentResponse : currentResponse; }


inline ProblemDescDB& Model::problem_description_db() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->probDescDB : probDescDB; }


inline ParallelLibrary& Model::parallel_library() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->parallelLib : parallelLib; }


inline const String& Model::model_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->modelType : modelType; }


inline const String& Model::surrogate_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->surrogateType : surrogateType; }


inline const String& Model::model_id() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->modelId : modelId; }


inline size_t Model::num_secondary_fns() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->num_secondary_fns() :
    num_nonlinear_ineq_constraints() + num_nonlinear_eq_constraints();
}


inline size_t Model::num_primary_fns() const
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->num_primary_fns() :
    response_size() - num_secondary_fns();
}


inline const String& Model::gradient_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->gradientType : gradientType; }


inline const String& Model::method_source() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->methodSource : methodSource; }


inline const String& Model::interval_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->intervalType : intervalType; }


inline bool Model::ignore_bounds() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->ignoreBounds : ignoreBounds; }


inline bool Model::central_hess() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->centralHess : centralHess; }


inline const RealVector& Model::fd_gradient_step_size() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->fdGradStepSize : fdGradStepSize; }


inline const String& Model::fd_gradient_step_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->fdGradStepType : fdGradStepType; }


inline const IntSet& Model::gradient_id_analytic() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->gradIdAnalytic : gradIdAnalytic; }


inline const IntSet& Model::gradient_id_numerical() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->gradIdNumerical : gradIdNumerical; }


inline const String& Model::hessian_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->hessianType : hessianType; }


inline const String& Model::quasi_hessian_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->quasiHessType : quasiHessType; }


inline const RealVector& Model::fd_hessian_by_grad_step_size() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep-> fdHessByGradStepSize : fdHessByGradStepSize; }


inline const RealVector& Model::fd_hessian_by_fn_step_size() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->fdHessByFnStepSize : fdHessByFnStepSize; }


inline const String& Model::fd_hessian_step_type() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->fdHessStepType : fdHessStepType; }


inline const IntSet& Model::hessian_id_analytic() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->hessIdAnalytic : hessIdAnalytic; }


inline const IntSet& Model::hessian_id_numerical() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->hessIdNumerical : hessIdNumerical; }


inline const IntSet& Model::hessian_id_quasi() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->hessIdQuasi : hessIdQuasi; }


inline void Model::primary_response_fn_sense(const BoolDeque& sense)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->primaryRespFnSense = sense;
  else          primaryRespFnSense = sense;
}


inline const BoolDeque& Model::primary_response_fn_sense() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->primaryRespFnSense : primaryRespFnSense; }


inline const RealVector& Model::primary_response_fn_weights() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->primaryRespFnWts : primaryRespFnWts; }


inline const ScalingOptions& Model::scaling_options() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->scalingOpts : scalingOpts; }


inline short Model::primary_fn_type() const
{
  return (modelRep) ?
    modelRep->currentResponse.shared_data().primary_fn_type() :
    currentResponse.shared_data().primary_fn_type();
}

inline void Model::primary_fn_type(short type)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->currentResponse.shared_data().primary_fn_type(type);
  else          currentResponse.shared_data().primary_fn_type(type);
}


inline bool Model::derivative_estimation()
{
  return (modelRep) ? modelRep->derivative_estimation() :
    ( (gradientType == "numerical" || gradientType == "mixed") ||
      (hessianType == "numerical" || hessianType == "mixed" ||
       hessianType == "quasi") );
}


inline void Model::supports_derivative_estimation(bool sed_flag)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->supportsEstimDerivs = sed_flag;
  else          supportsEstimDerivs = sed_flag;
}


inline void Model::init_comms_bcast_flag(bool icb_flag)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->initCommsBcastFlag = icb_flag;
  else          initCommsBcastFlag = icb_flag;
}


inline int Model::evaluation_capacity() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->evaluationCapacity : evaluationCapacity; }


inline bool Model::asynch_flag() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->asynchEvalFlag : asynchEvalFlag; }


inline void Model::asynch_flag(const bool flag)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->asynchEvalFlag = flag;
  else          asynchEvalFlag = flag;
}


inline short Model::output_level() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->outputLevel : outputLevel; }


inline void Model::output_level(const short level)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->outputLevel = level;
  else          outputLevel = level;
}


inline const IntArray& Model::message_lengths() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->messageLengths : messageLengths; }


inline bool Model::mapping_initialized() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->mappingInitialized : mappingInitialized; }


inline void Model::parallel_configuration_iterator(ParConfigLIter pc_iter)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->modelPCIter = pc_iter;
  else          modelPCIter = pc_iter;
}


inline ParConfigLIter Model::parallel_configuration_iterator() const
{ return (modelRep) ? modelRep->modelPCIter : modelPCIter; }


inline void Model::auto_graphics(const bool flag)
{
  if (modelRep) modelRep->modelAutoGraphicsFlag = flag;
  else          modelAutoGraphicsFlag = flag;
}

inline bool Model::auto_graphics() const
{
  if (modelRep) return modelRep->modelAutoGraphicsFlag;
  else          return modelAutoGraphicsFlag;
}


inline bool Model::is_null() const
{ return (modelRep) ? false : true; }


inline std::shared_ptr<Model> Model::model_rep() const
{ return modelRep; }


inline SSCIter Model::max_string(const StringSet& ss)
{
  SSCIter ss_it = ss.begin(),  max_it = ss_it;  ++ss_it;
  for (; ss_it!=ss.end(); ++ss_it)
    if (ss_it->size() > max_it->size())
      max_it = ss_it;
  return max_it;
}


inline SRMCIter Model::max_string(const StringRealMap& srm)
{
  SRMCIter srm_it = srm.begin(),  max_it = srm_it;  ++srm_it;
  for (; srm_it!=srm.end(); ++srm_it)
    if (srm_it->first.size() > max_it->first.size())
      max_it = srm_it;
  return max_it;
}


/*
inline void Model::
rekey_response_map(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
		   IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey, bool deep_copy_resp)
{
  if (resp_map.size() <= id_map.size()) // e.g., nonblocking synch
    rekey_response_map_rloop(resp_map, id_map, resp_map_rekey, deep_copy_resp);
  else                   // e.g., derived_synchronize_same_model()
    rekey_response_map_iloop(resp_map, id_map, resp_map_rekey, deep_copy_resp);
}


inline void Model::
rekey_response_map_rloop(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
			 IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey, bool deep_copy_resp)
{
  // rekey registered evals
  resp_map_rekey.clear();
  IntIntMIter id_it; IntRespMCIter r_cit;
  for (r_cit=resp_map.begin(); r_cit!=resp_map.end(); ++r_cit) {
    id_it = id_map.find(r_cit->first); // Note: no iterator hint accelerator
    // unfound jobs may be from another Model using a shared Interface instance
    if (id_it != id_map.end()) {
      resp_map_rekey[id_it->second] = (deep_copy_resp) ?
	r_cit->second.copy() : r_cit->second;
      id_map.erase(id_it);
    }
  }
}


inline void Model::
rekey_response_map_iloop(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
			 IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey, bool deep_copy_resp)
{
  // rekey registered evals
  resp_map_rekey.clear();
  // Immediate erasure relying on iterator invalidation + postfix rules
  IntIntMIter id_it = id_map.begin(); IntRespMCIter r_cit;
  while (id_it!=id_map.end()) {
    r_cit = resp_map.find(id_it->first); // Note: no iterator hint API
    if (r_cit != resp_map.end()) {
      resp_map_rekey[id_it->second] = (deep_copy_resp) ?
	r_cit->second.copy() : r_cit->second;
      // postfix increment must generate a copy _before_ fn call
      // --> increment occurs before iterator invalidation
      id_map.erase(id_it++);
    }
    else
      ++id_it;
  }
}


inline void Model::
rekey_response_map(const IntResponseMap& resp_map, IntIntMap& id_map,
		   IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
		   IntResponseMap& cached_resp_map, bool deep_copy_resp)
{
  // rekey registered evals
  resp_map_rekey.clear();

  // process incoming resp_map against remaining id_map
  IntIntMIter id_it; IntRespMCIter r_cit;
  for (r_cit=resp_map.begin(); r_cit!=resp_map.end(); ++r_cit) {
    id_it = id_map.find(r_cit->first); // Note: no iterator hint API
    if (id_it != id_map.end()) {
      resp_map_rekey[id_it->second] = (deep_copy_resp) ?
	r_cit->second.copy() : r_cit->second;
      id_map.erase(id_it);
    }
    // insert unmatched resp_map jobs into cache (may be from another Model
    // using a shared Interface instance).  Neither deep copy nor rekey are
    // performed until id is matched above (on a subsequent pass).
    else
      // Approach 1: the resp_map record is duplicated, not migrated, due to
      // const ref --> rely on subsequent clearing of resp_map on reentry
      cached_resp_map[r_cit->first] = r_cit->second;
      // Approach 2: virtual fn approach could accomplish a migration and
      // avoid duplication, but it lacks level clarity (SimulationModel:
      // augment its own cache or delegate to userDefinedInterface?)
      //cache_unmatched_response(r_cit->first); // virtual fn
      // Approach 3: resolve level clarity by passing a meta-object in a
      // template.  Consistency: use meta-object to synchronize and cache,
      // requiring renaming of Interface fns and adding nowait variant.
      //meta_object.cache_unmatched_response(r_cit->first); // level clarity
  }
}
*/


template <typename MetaType> void Model::
rekey_response_map(MetaType& meta_object, const IntResponseMap& resp_map,
		   IntIntMap& id_map, IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey,
		   bool deep_copy_resp)
{
  // rekey the resp_map evals matched in id_map, else move to cache
  resp_map_rekey.clear();
  IntIntMIter id_it; IntRespMCIter r_cit = resp_map.begin();
  while (r_cit != resp_map.end()) {
    int raw_id = r_cit->first;
    id_it = id_map.find(raw_id); // Note: no iterator hint API
    if (id_it != id_map.end()) {
      resp_map_rekey[id_it->second] = (deep_copy_resp) ?
	r_cit->second.copy() : r_cit->second;
      if(evaluations_db_state(meta_object) == EvaluationsDBState::ACTIVE)
        asynch_eval_store(meta_object, id_it->first, r_cit->second);
      id_map.erase(id_it);
      ++r_cit;
    }
    // insert unmatched resp_map jobs into cache (may be from another Model
    // using a shared Interface instance).  Neither deep copy nor rekey are
    // performed until id is matched above (on a subsequent pass).
    else {
      // Approach 3: resolve level clarity by passing a meta-object in a
      // template.  Consistency: use meta-object to synchronize and cache,
      // requiring renaming of Interface fns and adding nowait variant.
      ++r_cit; // prior to invalidation from erase()
      meta_object.cache_unmatched_response(raw_id);// same level as synchronize
    }
  }
}


template <typename MetaType> void Model::
rekey_synch(MetaType& meta_object, bool block, IntIntMap& id_map,
	    IntResponseMap& resp_map_rekey, bool deep_copy)
{
  const IntResponseMap& resp_map = (block) ? meta_object.synchronize() :
    meta_object.synchronize_nowait();
  rekey_response_map(meta_object, resp_map, id_map, resp_map_rekey, deep_copy);
}


/// global comparison function for Model
inline bool model_id_compare(const Model& model, const void* id)
{ return ( *(const String*)id == model.model_id() ); }


/// equality operator for Envelope is true if same letter instance
inline bool operator==(const Model& m1, const Model& m2)
{ return (m1.modelRep == m2.modelRep); } // friend of Model


/// inequality operator for Envelope is true if different letter instance
inline bool operator!=(const Model& m1, const Model& m2)
{ return (m1.modelRep != m2.modelRep); } // friend of Model

} // namespace Dakota

#endif