xref: /dports/databases/cassandra-cpp-driver/cpp-driver-2.16.0/tests/src/unit/mockssandra.cpp

/*
  Copyright (c) DataStax, Inc.

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
*/

#include "mockssandra.hpp"

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "control_connection.hpp" // For host queries
#include "memory.hpp"
#include "scoped_lock.hpp"
#include "tracing_data_handler.hpp" // For tracing query
#include "utils.hpp"
#include "uuids.hpp"

#include <openssl/bio.h>
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#include <openssl/x509v3.h>

#ifdef WIN32
#include "winsock.h"
#endif

using datastax::internal::bind_callback;
using datastax::internal::escape_id;
using datastax::internal::Map;
using datastax::internal::Memory;
using datastax::internal::OStringStream;
using datastax::internal::ScopedMutex;
using datastax::internal::trim;
using datastax::internal::core::UuidGen;

#define SSL_BUF_SIZE 8192
#define CASSANDRA_VERSION "3.11.4"
#define DSE_VERSION "6.7.1"
#define DSE_CASSANDRA_VERSION "4.0.0.671"

#if defined(OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER) && \
    !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER) // Required as OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER for LibreSSL is defined
                                      // as 2.0.0
#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000L)
#define SSL_SERVER_METHOD TLS_server_method
#else
#define SSL_SERVER_METHOD SSLv23_server_method
#endif
#else
#if (LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x20302000L)
#define SSL_SERVER_METHOD TLS_server_method
#else
#define SSL_SERVER_METHOD SSLv23_server_method
#endif
#endif

namespace mockssandra {

namespace {

template <class T>
struct FreeDeleterImpl {};

#define MAKE_DELETER(type, free_func)               \
  template <>                                       \
  struct FreeDeleterImpl<type> {                    \
    static void free(type* ptr) { free_func(ptr); } \
  };

MAKE_DELETER(BIO, BIO_free)
MAKE_DELETER(DH, DH_free)
MAKE_DELETER(EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_free)
MAKE_DELETER(EVP_PKEY_CTX, EVP_PKEY_CTX_free)
MAKE_DELETER(X509, X509_free)
MAKE_DELETER(X509_REQ, X509_REQ_free)
MAKE_DELETER(X509_EXTENSION, X509_EXTENSION_free)

template <class T>
struct FreeDeleter {
  void operator()(T* ptr) const { FreeDeleterImpl<T>::free(ptr); }
};

template <class T>
class Scoped : public ScopedPtr<T, FreeDeleter<T> > {
public:
  Scoped(T* ptr = NULL)
      : ScopedPtr<T, FreeDeleter<T> >(ptr) {}
};

void print_ssl_error() {
  unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();
  char buf[256];
  ERR_error_string_n(err, buf, sizeof(buf));
  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
}

X509* load_cert(const String& cert) {
  X509* x509 = NULL;
  Scoped<BIO> bio(BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(cert.c_str()), cert.length()));
  if (PEM_read_bio_X509(bio.get(), &x509, NULL, NULL) == NULL) {
    print_ssl_error();
    return NULL;
  }
  return x509;
}

EVP_PKEY* load_private_key(const String& key) {
  EVP_PKEY* pkey = NULL;
  Scoped<BIO> bio(BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(key.c_str()), key.length()));
  if (!PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio.get(), &pkey, NULL, NULL)) {
    print_ssl_error();
    return NULL;
  }
  return pkey;
}

DH* dh_parameters() {
  // Generated using the following command: `openssl dhparam -C 2048`
  // Prime length of 2048 chosen to bypass client-side error:
  // `SSL3_CHECK_CERT_AND_ALGORITHM:dh key too small`

  // Note: This is not generated, programmatically, using something like the following:
  // `DH_generate_parameters_ex(dh, 2048, DH_GENERATOR_5, NULL)`
  // because DH prime generation takes a *REALLY* long time.
  static const char* dh_parameters_pem =
      "-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n"
      "MIIBCAKCAQEAusYypYO7u8mHelHjpDuUy7hjBgPw/KS03iSRnP5SNMB6OxVFslXv\n"
      "s6McqEf218Fqpzi18tWA7fq3fvlT+Nx1Tda+Za5C8o5niRYxHks5N+RfnnrFf7vn\n"
      "0lxrzsXP6es08Ts/UGMsp1nEaCSd/gjDglPgjdC1V/KmBsbT+8IwpbzPPdir0/jA\n"
      "r+DXssZRZl7JtymGHXPkXTSBhsqSHamfzGRnAQFWToKAinqAdhY7pN/8krwvRj04\n"
      "VYp84xAy2M6mWWqUm/kokN9QjAiT/DZRxZK8VhY7O9+oATo7/YPCMd9Em417O13k\n"
      "+F0o/8IMaQvpmtlAsLc2ZKwGqqG+HD2dOwIBAg==\n"
      "-----END DH PARAMETERS-----";
  Scoped<BIO> bio(BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(dh_parameters_pem),
                                  -1)); // Use null terminator for length
  return PEM_read_bio_DHparams(bio.get(), NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

} // namespace

String Ssl::generate_key() {
  Scoped<EVP_PKEY_CTX> pctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_RSA, NULL));

  EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(pctx.get());
  EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_keygen_bits(pctx.get(), 2048);

  Scoped<EVP_PKEY> pkey;
  { // Generate RSA key
    EVP_PKEY* temp = NULL;
    EVP_PKEY_keygen(pctx.get(), &temp);
    pkey.reset(temp);
  }

  Scoped<BIO> bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
  PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bio.get(), pkey.get(), NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);

  BUF_MEM* mem = NULL;
  BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio.get(), &mem);
  return String(mem->data, mem->length);
}

String Ssl::generate_cert(const String& key, String cn, String ca_cert, String ca_key) {
  // Assign the proper default hostname
  if (cn.empty()) {
#ifdef WIN32
    char win_hostname[64];
    gethostname(win_hostname, 64);
    cn = win_hostname;
#else
    cn = "localhost";
#endif
  }

  Scoped<EVP_PKEY> pkey(load_private_key(key));
  if (!pkey) return "";

  Scoped<X509_REQ> x509_req;
  if (!ca_cert.empty() && !ca_key.empty()) {
    x509_req.reset(X509_REQ_new());
    X509_REQ_set_version(x509_req.get(), 2);
    X509_REQ_set_pubkey(x509_req.get(), pkey.get());

    X509_NAME* name = X509_REQ_get_subject_name(x509_req.get());
    X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, "C", MBSTRING_ASC,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>("US"), -1, -1, 0);
    X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, "CN", MBSTRING_ASC,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(cn.c_str()), -1, -1, 0);
    X509_REQ_sign(x509_req.get(), pkey.get(), EVP_sha256());
  }

  Scoped<X509> x509(X509_new());
  X509_set_version(x509.get(), 2);
  ASN1_INTEGER_set(X509_get_serialNumber(x509.get()), 0);
  X509_gmtime_adj(X509_get_notBefore(x509.get()), 0);
  X509_gmtime_adj(X509_get_notAfter(x509.get()), static_cast<long>(60 * 60 * 24 * 365));
  X509_set_pubkey(x509.get(), pkey.get());

  if (x509_req) {
    X509_set_subject_name(x509.get(), X509_REQ_get_subject_name(x509_req.get()));

    Scoped<X509> x509_ca(load_cert(ca_cert));
    if (!x509_ca) return "";
    X509_set_issuer_name(x509.get(), X509_get_issuer_name(x509_ca.get()));

    Scoped<EVP_PKEY> pkey_ca(load_private_key(ca_key));
    if (!pkey_ca) return "";
    X509_sign(x509.get(), pkey_ca.get(), EVP_sha256());
  } else {
    if (cn == "CA") { // Set the purpose as a CA certificate.
      X509V3_CTX x509v3_ctx;
      X509V3_set_ctx_nodb(&x509v3_ctx);
      X509V3_set_ctx(&x509v3_ctx, x509.get(), x509.get(), NULL, NULL, 0);

      Scoped<X509_EXTENSION> x509_ex(X509V3_EXT_conf_nid(NULL, &x509v3_ctx, NID_basic_constraints,
                                                         const_cast<char*>("critical,CA:TRUE")));
      if (!x509_ex) return "";

      X509_add_ext(x509.get(), x509_ex.get(), -1);
    }
    X509_NAME* name = X509_get_subject_name(x509.get());
    X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, "C", MBSTRING_ASC,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>("US"), -1, -1, 0);
    X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, "CN", MBSTRING_ASC,
                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(cn.c_str()), -1, -1, 0);
    X509_set_issuer_name(x509.get(), name);
    X509_sign(x509.get(), pkey.get(), EVP_sha256());
  }

  String result;
  { // Write cert into string
    Scoped<BIO> bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
    PEM_write_bio_X509(bio.get(), x509.get());
    BUF_MEM* mem = NULL;
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio.get(), &mem);
    result.append(mem->data, mem->length);
  }

  return result;
}

namespace internal {

struct WriteReq {
  WriteReq(const char* data, size_t len, ClientConnection* connection)
      : data(data, len)
      , connection(connection) {
    req.data = this;
  }
  const String data;
  ClientConnection* const connection;
  uv_write_t req;
};

Tcp::Tcp(void* data) { tcp_.data = data; }

int Tcp::init(uv_loop_t* loop) { return uv_tcp_init(loop, &tcp_); }

int Tcp::bind(const struct sockaddr* addr) { return uv_tcp_bind(&tcp_, addr, 0); }

uv_handle_t* Tcp::as_handle() { return reinterpret_cast<uv_handle_t*>(&tcp_); }

uv_stream_t* Tcp::as_stream() { return reinterpret_cast<uv_stream_t*>(&tcp_); }

ClientConnection::ClientConnection(ServerConnection* server)
    : tcp_(this)
    , server_(server)
    , ssl_(server->ssl_context() ? SSL_new(server->ssl_context()) : NULL)
    , incoming_bio_(ssl_ ? BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) : NULL)
    , outgoing_bio_(ssl_ ? BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) : NULL) {
  tcp_.init(server->loop());
  if (ssl_) {
    SSL_set_bio(ssl_, incoming_bio_, outgoing_bio_);
  }
}

ClientConnection::~ClientConnection() {
  if (ssl_) SSL_free(ssl_);
}

int ClientConnection::write(const String& data) { return write(data.data(), data.length()); }

int ClientConnection::write(const char* data, size_t len) {
  if (ssl_) {
    return ssl_write(data, len);
  } else {
    return internal_write(data, len);
  }
}

void ClientConnection::close() {
  if (!uv_is_closing(tcp_.as_handle())) {
    uv_close(tcp_.as_handle(), on_close);
  }
}

int ClientConnection::accept() {
  int rc = server_->accept(tcp_.as_stream());
  if (rc != 0) return rc;
  return uv_read_start(tcp_.as_stream(), on_alloc, on_read);
}

const char* ClientConnection::sni_server_name() const {
  if (ssl_) {
    return SSL_get_servername(ssl_, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
  }
  return NULL;
}

void ClientConnection::on_close(uv_handle_t* handle) {
  ClientConnection* connection = static_cast<ClientConnection*>(handle->data);
  connection->handle_close();
}

void ClientConnection::handle_close() {
  on_close();
  server_->remove(this);
  delete this;
}

void ClientConnection::on_alloc(uv_handle_t* handle, size_t suggested_size, uv_buf_t* buf) {
  buf->base = static_cast<char*>(Memory::malloc(suggested_size));
  buf->len = suggested_size;
}

void ClientConnection::on_read(uv_stream_t* stream, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf) {
  ClientConnection* connection = static_cast<ClientConnection*>(stream->data);
  connection->handle_read(nread, buf);
  Memory::free(buf->base);
}

void ClientConnection::handle_read(ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf) {
  if (nread < 0) {
    if (nread != UV_EOF && nread != UV_ECONNRESET) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Read failure: %s\n", uv_strerror(nread));
    }
    close();
    return;
  }
  if (ssl_) {
    on_ssl_read(buf->base, nread);
  } else {
    on_read(buf->base, nread);
  }
}

void ClientConnection::on_write(uv_write_t* req, int status) {
  WriteReq* write = static_cast<WriteReq*>(req->data);
  write->connection->handle_write(status);
  delete write;
}

void ClientConnection::handle_write(int status) {
  if (status != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Write failure: %s\n", uv_strerror(status));
    close();
    return;
  }

  on_write();
}

int ClientConnection::internal_write(const char* data, size_t len) {
  uv_buf_t buf;
  WriteReq* write = new WriteReq(data, len, this);
  buf.base = const_cast<char*>(write->data.data());
  buf.len = write->data.length();
  int rc = uv_write(&write->req, tcp_.as_stream(), &buf, 1, on_write);
  if (rc != 0) {
    delete write;
  }
  return rc;
}

int ClientConnection::ssl_write(const char* data, size_t len) {
  if (has_ssl_error(SSL_write(ssl_, data, len))) {
    return -1;
  }

  char buf[SSL_BUF_SIZE];
  int num_bytes;
  while ((num_bytes = BIO_read(outgoing_bio_, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
    int rc = internal_write(buf, num_bytes);
    if (rc != 0) {
      return rc;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

bool ClientConnection::is_handshake_done() { return SSL_is_init_finished(ssl_) != 0; }

bool ClientConnection::has_ssl_error(int rc) {
  if (rc > 0) return false;

  int err = SSL_get_error(ssl_, rc);
  if (err == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN) {
    close();
  } else if (err != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ && err != SSL_ERROR_NONE) {
    const char* data;
    int flags;
    int err;
    String error;
    while ((err = ERR_get_error_line_data(NULL, NULL, &data, &flags)) != 0) {
      char buf[256];
      ERR_error_string_n(err, buf, sizeof(buf));
      if (!error.empty()) error.push_back(',');
      error.append(buf);
      if (flags & ERR_TXT_STRING) {
        error.push_back(':');
        error.append(data);
      }
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "SSL error: %s\n", error.c_str());
    close();
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

void ClientConnection::on_ssl_read(const char* data, size_t len) {
  int rc;
  BIO_write(incoming_bio_, data, len);

  if (!is_handshake_done()) {
    int rc = SSL_accept(ssl_);
    if (has_ssl_error(rc)) {
      return;
    }

    char buf[SSL_BUF_SIZE];
    bool data_written = false;
    int num_bytes;
    while ((num_bytes = BIO_read(outgoing_bio_, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
      data_written = true;
      internal_write(buf, num_bytes);
    }

    if (is_handshake_done() && data_written) {
      return; // Handshake is not completed; ingore remaining data
    }
  } else {
    char buf[SSL_BUF_SIZE];
    while ((rc = SSL_read(ssl_, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
      on_read(buf, rc);
    }
    has_ssl_error(rc);
  }
}

ServerConnection::ServerConnection(const Address& address, const ClientConnectionFactory& factory)
    : tcp_(this)
    , event_loop_(NULL)
    , state_(STATE_CLOSED)
    , rc_(0)
    , address_(address)
    , factory_(factory)
    , ssl_context_(NULL)
    , connection_attempts_(0) {
  uv_mutex_init(&mutex_);
  uv_cond_init(&cond_);
}

ServerConnection::~ServerConnection() {
  uv_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
  uv_cond_destroy(&cond_);
  if (ssl_context_) {
    SSL_CTX_free(ssl_context_);
  }
}

uv_loop_t* ServerConnection::loop() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  return event_loop_->loop();
}

bool ServerConnection::use_ssl(const String& key, const String& cert,
                               const String& ca_cert /*= ""*/,
                               bool require_client_cert /*= false*/) {
  if (ssl_context_) {
    SSL_CTX_free(ssl_context_);
  }

  if ((ssl_context_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSL_SERVER_METHOD())) == NULL) {
    print_ssl_error();
    return false;
  }

  SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(ssl_context_, (void*)"");
  SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ssl_context_, on_password);
  SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_context_, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);

  { // Load server certificate
    Scoped<X509> x509(load_cert(cert));
    if (!x509) return false;
    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ssl_context_, x509.get()) <= 0) {
      print_ssl_error();
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (!ca_cert.empty()) { // Load CA certificate

    { // Add CA certificate to chain to send to the client
      Scoped<X509> x509(load_cert(ca_cert));
      if (!x509) return false;

      if (SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ssl_context_, x509.release()) <=
          0) { // Certificate freed by function
        print_ssl_error();
        return false;
      }
    }

    if (require_client_cert) {
      Scoped<X509> x509(load_cert(ca_cert));
      if (!x509) return false;

      // Add CA certificate to chain to validate peer certificate
      X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ssl_context_);
      if (X509_STORE_add_cert(cert_store, x509.get()) <= 0) {
        print_ssl_error();
        return false;
      }

      SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_context_, SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, NULL);
    }
  }

  Scoped<EVP_PKEY> pkey(load_private_key(key));
  if (!pkey) return false;

  if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ssl_context_, pkey.get()) <= 0) {
    print_ssl_error();
    return false;
  }

  Scoped<DH> dh(dh_parameters());
  if (!dh || !SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(ssl_context_, dh.get())) {
    print_ssl_error();
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

using datastax::internal::core::Task;

class RunListen : public Task {
public:
  RunListen(ServerConnection* server)
      : server_(server) {}

  virtual void run(EventLoop* event_loop) { server_->internal_listen(); }

private:
  ServerConnection* server_;
};

class RunClose : public Task {
public:
  RunClose(ServerConnection* server)
      : server_(server) {}

  virtual void run(EventLoop* event_loop) { server_->internal_close(); }

private:
  ServerConnection* server_;
};

class RunTask : public Task {
public:
  RunTask(const ServerConnectionTask::Ptr& task, const ServerConnection::Ptr& connection)
      : task_(task)
      , connection_(connection) {}

  virtual void run(EventLoop* event_loop) { task_->run(connection_.get()); }

private:
  ServerConnectionTask::Ptr task_;
  ServerConnection::Ptr connection_;
};

void ServerConnection::listen(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group) {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  if (state_ != STATE_CLOSED) return;
  rc_ = 0;
  state_ = STATE_PENDING;
  event_loop_ = event_loop_group->add(new RunListen(this));
}

int ServerConnection::wait_listen() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  while (state_ == STATE_PENDING) {
    uv_cond_wait(&cond_, l.get());
  }
  return rc_;
}

void ServerConnection::close() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  if (state_ != STATE_LISTENING && state_ != STATE_PENDING) return;
  state_ = STATE_CLOSING;
  event_loop_->add(new RunClose(this));
}

void ServerConnection::wait_close() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  while (state_ == STATE_CLOSING) {
    uv_cond_wait(&cond_, l.get());
  }
}

unsigned ServerConnection::connection_attempts() const { return connection_attempts_.load(); }
void ServerConnection::run(const ServerConnectionTask::Ptr& task) {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  if (state_ != STATE_LISTENING) return;
  event_loop_->add(new RunTask(task, Ptr(this)));
}

void ServerConnection::internal_listen() {
  int rc = 0;

  rc = tcp_.init(loop());
  if (rc != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to initialize socket\n");
    signal_listen(rc);
    return;
  }

  inc_ref(); // For the TCP handle

  Address::SocketStorage storage;
  rc = tcp_.bind(address_.to_sockaddr(&storage));
  if (rc != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to bind address %s\n", address_.to_string(true).c_str());
    uv_close(tcp_.as_handle(), on_close);
    signal_listen(rc);
    return;
  }

  rc = uv_listen(tcp_.as_stream(), 128, on_connection);
  if (rc != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to listen on address %s\n", address_.to_string(true).c_str());
    uv_close(tcp_.as_handle(), on_close);
    signal_listen(rc);
    return;
  }

  signal_listen(rc);
}

int ServerConnection::accept(uv_stream_t* client) { return uv_accept(tcp_.as_stream(), client); }

void ServerConnection::remove(ClientConnection* connection) {
  clients_.erase(std::remove(clients_.begin(), clients_.end(), connection), clients_.end());
  maybe_close();
}

void ServerConnection::internal_close() {
  for (ClientConnections::iterator it = clients_.begin(), end = clients_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    (*it)->close();
  }
  maybe_close();
}

void ServerConnection::maybe_close() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  if (state_ == STATE_CLOSING && clients_.empty() && !uv_is_closing(tcp_.as_handle())) {
    uv_close(tcp_.as_handle(), on_close);
  }
}

void ServerConnection::signal_listen(int rc) {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  if (rc != 0) {
    rc_ = rc;
    state_ = STATE_CLOSING;
  } else {
    state_ = STATE_LISTENING;
  }
  uv_cond_signal(&cond_);
}

void ServerConnection::signal_close() {
  ScopedMutex l(&mutex_);
  event_loop_ = NULL;
  state_ = STATE_CLOSED;
  uv_cond_signal(&cond_);
}

void ServerConnection::on_connection(uv_stream_t* server, int status) {
  ServerConnection* self = static_cast<ServerConnection*>(server->data);
  self->handle_connection(status);
}

void ServerConnection::handle_connection(int status) {
  connection_attempts_.fetch_add(1);

  if (status != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Listen failure: %s\n", uv_strerror(status));
    return;
  }

  ClientConnection* connection = factory_.create(this);
  if (connection && connection->on_accept() != 0) {
    delete connection;
    return;
  }
  clients_.push_back(connection);
}

void ServerConnection::on_close(uv_handle_t* handle) {
  ServerConnection* self = static_cast<ServerConnection*>(handle->data);
  self->handle_close();
}

void ServerConnection::handle_close() {
  signal_close();
  dec_ref();
}

int ServerConnection::on_password(char* buf, int size, int rwflag, void* password) {
  strncpy(buf, (char*)(password), size);
  buf[size - 1] = '\0';
  return strlen(buf);
}

} // namespace internal

#define CHECK(pos, error)                               \
  do {                                                  \
    if ((pos) > end) {                                  \
      fprintf(stderr, "Decoding error: %s\n", (error)); \
      return end + 1;                                   \
    }                                                   \
  } while (0)

const char* decode_int8(const char* input, const char* end, int8_t* value) {
  CHECK(input + 1, "Unable to decode byte");
  *value = static_cast<int8_t>(input[0]);
  return input + sizeof(int8_t);
}

const char* decode_int16(const char* input, const char* end, int16_t* value) {
  CHECK(input + 2, "Unable to decode signed short");
  *value = (static_cast<int16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[1])) << 0) |
           (static_cast<int16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[0])) << 8);
  return input + sizeof(int16_t);
}

const char* decode_uint16(const char* input, const char* end, uint16_t* value) {
  CHECK(input + 2, "Unable to decode unsigned short");
  *value = (static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[1])) << 0) |
           (static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[0])) << 8);
  return input + sizeof(uint16_t);
}

const char* decode_int32(const char* input, const char* end, int32_t* value) {
  CHECK(input + 4, "Unable to decode integer");
  *value = (static_cast<int32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[3])) << 0) |
           (static_cast<int32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[2])) << 8) |
           (static_cast<int32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[1])) << 16) |
           (static_cast<int32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[0])) << 24);
  return input + sizeof(int32_t);
}

const char* decode_int64(const char* input, const char* end, int64_t* value) {
  CHECK(input + 8, "Unable to decode long");
  *value = (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[7])) << 0) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[6])) << 8) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[5])) << 16) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[4])) << 24) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[3])) << 32) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[2])) << 40) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[1])) << 48) |
           (static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[0])) << 56);
  return input + sizeof(int64_t);
}

const char* decode_string(const char* input, const char* end, String* output) {
  uint16_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_uint16(input, end, &len);
  CHECK(pos + len, "Unable to decode string");
  output->assign(pos, len);
  return pos + len;
}

const char* decode_long_string(const char* input, const char* end, String* output) {
  int32_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_int32(input, end, &len);
  CHECK(pos + len, "Unable to decode long string");
  assert(len >= 0);
  output->assign(pos, len);
  return pos + len;
}

const char* decode_bytes(const char* input, const char* end, String* output) {
  int32_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_int32(input, end, &len);
  if (len > 0) {
    CHECK(pos + len, "Unable to decode bytes");
    output->assign(pos, len);
  }
  return pos + len;
}

const char* decode_uuid(const char* input, CassUuid* output) {
  output->time_and_version = static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[3]));
  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[2])) << 8;
  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[1])) << 16;
  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[0])) << 24;

  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[5])) << 32;
  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[4])) << 40;

  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[7])) << 48;
  output->time_and_version |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[6])) << 56;

  output->clock_seq_and_node = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
    output->clock_seq_and_node |= static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(input[15 - i]))
                                  << (8 * i);
  }
  return input + 16;
}

const char* decode_string_map(const char* input, const char* end,
                              Vector<std::pair<String, String> >* output) {

  uint16_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_uint16(input, end, &len);
  output->reserve(len);
  for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    String key;
    String value;
    pos = decode_string(pos, end, &key);
    pos = decode_string(pos, end, &value);
    output->push_back(std::pair<String, String>(key, value));
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_stringlist(const char* input, const char* end, Vector<String>* output) {
  uint16_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_uint16(input, end, &len);
  output->reserve(len);
  for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    String value;
    pos = decode_string(pos, end, &value);
    output->push_back(value);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_values(const char* input, const char* end, Vector<String>* output) {
  uint16_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_uint16(input, end, &len);
  output->reserve(len);
  for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    String value;
    pos = decode_bytes(pos, end, &value);
    output->push_back(value);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_values_with_names(const char* input, const char* end, Vector<String>* names,
                                     Vector<String>* values) {
  uint16_t len = 0;
  const char* pos = decode_uint16(input, end, &len);
  names->reserve(len);
  values->reserve(len);
  for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    String name;
    pos = decode_string(pos, end, &name);
    names->push_back(name);
    String value;
    pos = decode_bytes(pos, end, &value);
    values->push_back(value);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_query_params_v1(const char* input, const char* end, bool is_execute,
                                   QueryParameters* params) {
  const char* pos = input;
  if (is_execute) {
    pos = decode_values(pos, end, &params->values);
    pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->consistency);
  } else {
    pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->consistency);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_query_params_v2(const char* input, const char* end, QueryParameters* params) {
  int8_t flags = 0;
  const char* pos = input;
  pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->consistency);
  pos = decode_int8(pos, end, &flags);
  params->flags = flags;
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_VALUES) {
    pos = decode_values(pos, end, &params->values);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE) {
    pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &params->result_page_size);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_STATE) {
    pos = decode_bytes(pos, end, &params->paging_state);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_SERIAL_CONSISTENCY) {
    pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->serial_consistency);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_query_params_v3v4(const char* input, const char* end, QueryParameters* params) {
  int8_t flags = 0;
  const char* pos = input;
  pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->consistency);
  pos = decode_int8(pos, end, &flags);
  params->flags = flags;
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_VALUES && flags & QUERY_FLAG_NAMES_FOR_VALUES) {
    pos = decode_values_with_names(pos, end, &params->names, &params->values);
  } else if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_VALUES) {
    pos = decode_values(pos, end, &params->values);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE) {
    pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &params->result_page_size);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_STATE) {
    pos = decode_bytes(pos, end, &params->paging_state);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_SERIAL_CONSISTENCY) {
    pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->serial_consistency);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_TIMESTAMP) {
    pos = decode_int64(pos, end, &params->timestamp);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_query_params_v5(const char* input, const char* end, QueryParameters* params) {
  int32_t flags = 0;
  const char* pos = input;
  pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->consistency);
  pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &flags);
  params->flags = flags;
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_VALUES && flags & QUERY_FLAG_NAMES_FOR_VALUES) {
    pos = decode_values_with_names(pos, end, &params->names, &params->values);
  } else if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_VALUES) {
    pos = decode_values(pos, end, &params->values);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE) {
    pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &params->result_page_size);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_PAGE_STATE) {
    pos = decode_bytes(pos, end, &params->paging_state);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_SERIAL_CONSISTENCY) {
    pos = decode_uint16(pos, end, &params->serial_consistency);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_TIMESTAMP) {
    pos = decode_int64(pos, end, &params->timestamp);
  }
  if (flags & QUERY_FLAG_KEYSPACE) {
    pos = decode_string(pos, end, &params->keyspace);
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_query_params(int version, const char* input, const char* end, bool is_execute,
                                QueryParameters* params) {
  const char* pos = input;
  if (version == 1) {
    pos = decode_query_params_v1(pos, end, is_execute, params);
  } else if (version == 2) {
    pos = decode_query_params_v2(pos, end, params);
  } else if (version == 3 || version == 4) {
    pos = decode_query_params_v3v4(pos, end, params);
  } else if (version == 5) {
    pos = decode_query_params_v5(pos, end, params);
  } else {
    assert(false && "Unsupported protocol version");
  }
  return pos;
}

const char* decode_prepare_params(int version, const char* input, const char* end,
                                  PrepareParameters* params) {
  const char* pos = input;
  if (version >= 5) {
    pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &params->flags);
    if (params->flags & PREPARE_FLAGS_KEYSPACE) {
      pos = decode_string(pos, end, &params->keyspace);
    }
  }
  return pos;
}

int32_t encode_int8(int8_t value, String* output) {
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value));
  return 1;
}

int32_t encode_int16(int16_t value, String* output) {
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 8));
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 0));
  return 2;
}

int32_t encode_uint16(uint16_t value, String* output) {
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 8));
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 0));
  return 2;
}

int32_t encode_int32(int32_t value, String* output) {
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 24));
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 16));
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 8));
  output->push_back(static_cast<char>(value >> 0));
  return 4;
}

int32_t encode_string(const String& value, String* output) {
  int32_t size = encode_uint16(value.size(), output) + value.size();
  output->append(value);
  return size + value.size();
}

int32_t encode_string_list(const Vector<String>& value, String* output) {
  int32_t size = encode_int16(value.size(), output);
  for (Vector<String>::const_iterator it = value.begin(), end = value.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    size += encode_string(*it, output);
  }
  return size;
}

int32_t encode_bytes(const String& value, String* output) {
  int32_t size = encode_int32(value.size(), output) + value.size();
  output->append(value);
  return size + value.size();
}

int32_t encode_inet(const Address& value, String* output) {
  uint8_t buf[16];
  uint8_t len = value.to_inet(buf);
  encode_int8(len, output);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    output->push_back(static_cast<char>(buf[i]));
  }
  encode_int32(value.port(), output);
  return 1 + len + 4;
}

int32_t encode_uuid(CassUuid uuid, String* output) {
  uint64_t time_and_version = uuid.time_and_version;
  char buf[16];
  buf[3] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;
  buf[2] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;
  buf[1] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;
  buf[0] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;

  buf[5] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;
  buf[4] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;

  buf[7] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x00000000000000FFLL);
  time_and_version >>= 8;
  buf[6] = static_cast<char>(time_and_version & 0x000000000000000FFLL);

  uint64_t clock_seq_and_node = uuid.clock_seq_and_node;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
    buf[15 - i] = static_cast<char>(clock_seq_and_node & 0x00000000000000FFL);
    clock_seq_and_node >>= 8;
  }
  output->append(buf, 16);
  return 16;
}

int32_t encode_string_map(const Map<String, Vector<String> >& value, String* output) {
  int32_t size = encode_uint16(value.size(), output);
  for (Map<String, Vector<String> >::const_iterator it = value.begin(); it != value.end(); ++it) {
    size += encode_string(it->first, output);
    size += encode_string_list(it->second, output);
  }
  return size;
}

static String encode_header(int8_t version, int8_t flags, int16_t stream, int8_t opcode,
                            int32_t len) {
  String header;
  encode_int8(0x80 | version, &header);
  encode_int8(flags, &header);
  if (version >= 3) {
    encode_int16(stream, &header);
  } else {
    encode_int8(stream, &header);
  }
  encode_int8(opcode, &header);
  if (flags & FLAG_TRACING) {
    len += 16; // Add enough space for the tracing ID
  }
  encode_int32(len, &header);
  if (flags & FLAG_TRACING) {
    UuidGen gen;
    CassUuid tracing_id;
    gen.generate_random(&tracing_id);
    encode_uuid(tracing_id, &header);
  }
  return header;
}

Type Type::text() { return Type(TYPE_VARCHAR); }

Type Type::inet() { return Type(TYPE_INET); }

Type Type::uuid() { return Type(TYPE_UUID); }

Type Type::list(const Type& sub_type) {
  Type type(TYPE_LIST);
  type.types_.push_back(sub_type);
  return type;
}

void Type::encode(int protocol_version, String* output) const {
  switch (type_) {
    case TYPE_VARCHAR:
    case TYPE_INET:
    case TYPE_UUID:
      encode_int16(type_, output);
      break;
    case TYPE_LIST:
      encode_int16(type_, output);
      types_[0].encode(protocol_version, output);
      break;
    default:
      assert(false && "Unsupported type");
      break;
  };
}

void Column::encode(int protocol_version, String* output) const {
  encode_string(name_, output);
  type_.encode(protocol_version, output);
}

void Collection::encode(int protocol_version, String* output) const {
  encode_int32(values_.size(), output);
  for (Vector<Value>::const_iterator it = values_.begin(), end = values_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    it->encode(protocol_version, output);
  }
}

Value::Value()
    : type_(NUL) {}

Value::Value(const String& value)
    : type_(VALUE)
    , value_(new String(value)) {}

Value::Value(const Collection& collection)
    : type_(COLLECTION)
    , collection_(new Collection(collection)) {}

Value::Value(const Value& other)
    : type_(other.type_) {
  if (type_ == VALUE) {
    value_ = new String(*other.value_);
  } else if (type_ == COLLECTION) {
    collection_ = new Collection(*other.collection_);
  }
}

Value::~Value() {
  if (type_ == VALUE) {
    delete value_;
  } else if (type_ == COLLECTION) {
    delete collection_;
  }
}

void Value::encode(int protocol_version, String* output) const {
  if (type_ == NUL) {
    encode_int32(-1, output);
  } else if (type_ == VALUE) {
    encode_bytes(*value_, output);
  } else if (type_ == COLLECTION) {
    String buf;
    collection_->encode(protocol_version, &buf);
    encode_bytes(buf, output);
  }
}

Row::Builder& Row::Builder::text(const String& text) {
  values_.push_back(Value(text));
  return *this;
}

Row::Builder& Row::Builder::inet(const Address& inet) {
  String value;
  uint8_t buf[16];
  uint8_t len = inet.to_inet(buf);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    value.push_back(static_cast<char>(buf[i]));
  }
  values_.push_back(Value(value));
  return *this;
}

Row::Builder& Row::Builder::uuid(const CassUuid& uuid) {
  String value;
  encode_uuid(uuid, &value);
  values_.push_back(Value(value));
  return *this;
}

Row::Builder& Row::Builder::collection(const Collection& collection) {
  values_.push_back(Value(collection));
  return *this;
}

void Row::encode(int protocol_version, String* output) const {
  for (Vector<Value>::const_iterator it = values_.begin(), end = values_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    it->encode(protocol_version, output);
  }
}

String ResultSet::encode(int protocol_version) const {
  String body;

  encode_int32(RESULT_ROWS, &body); // Result type

  encode_int32(RESULT_FLAG_GLOBAL_TABLESPEC, &body); // Flags
  encode_int32(columns_.size(), &body);              // Column count
  encode_string(keyspace_name_, &body);              // Global spec keyspace name
  encode_string(table_name_, &body);                 // Global spec table name

  // Columns
  for (Vector<Column>::const_iterator it = columns_.begin(), end = columns_.end(); it != end;
       ++it) {
    it->encode(protocol_version, &body);
  }

  encode_int32(rows_.size(), &body); // Row count

  // Rows
  for (Vector<Row>::const_iterator it = rows_.begin(), end = rows_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    it->encode(protocol_version, &body);
  }

  return body;
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::reset() {
  first_.reset();
  last_ = NULL;
  return *this;
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::execute(Action* action) {
  if (!first_) {
    first_.reset(action);
  }
  if (last_) {
    last_->next = action;
  }
  last_ = action;
  return *this;
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::execute_if(Action* action) {
  if (last_ && last_->is_predicate()) {
    static_cast<Predicate*>(last_)->then = action;
  }
  return *this;
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::nop() { return execute(new Nop()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::wait(uint64_t timeout) { return execute(new Wait(timeout)); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::close() { return execute(new Close()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::error(int32_t code, const String& message) {
  return execute(new SendError(code, message));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::invalid_protocol() {
  return error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid or unsupported protocol version");
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::invalid_opcode() {
  return error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid opcode (or not implemented)");
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::ready() { return execute(new SendReady()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::authenticate(const String& class_name) {
  return execute(new SendAuthenticate(class_name));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::auth_challenge(const String& token) {
  return execute(new SendAuthChallenge(token));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::auth_success(const String& token) {
  return execute(new SendAuthSuccess(token));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::supported() { return execute(new SendSupported()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::up_event(const Address& address) {
  return execute(new SendUpEvent(address));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::void_result() { return execute(new VoidResult()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::empty_rows_result(int32_t row_count) {
  return execute(new EmptyRowsResult(row_count));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::no_result() { return execute(new NoResult()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::match_query(const Matches& matches) {
  return execute(new MatchQuery(matches));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::client_options() { return execute(new ClientOptions()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::system_local() { return execute(new SystemLocal()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::system_local_dse() { return execute(new SystemLocalDse()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::system_peers() { return execute(new SystemPeers()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::system_peers_dse() { return execute(new SystemPeersDse()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::system_traces() { return execute(new SystemTraces()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::use_keyspace(const String& keyspace) {
  return execute((new UseKeyspace(keyspace)));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::use_keyspace(const Vector<String>& keyspaces) {
  return execute((new UseKeyspace(keyspaces)));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::plaintext_auth(const String& username, const String& password) {
  return execute((new PlaintextAuth(username, password)));
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::validate_startup() { return execute(new ValidateStartup()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::validate_credentials() {
  return execute(new ValidateCredentials());
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::validate_auth_response() {
  return execute(new ValidateAuthResponse());
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::validate_register() { return execute(new ValidateRegister()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::validate_query() { return execute(new ValidateQuery()); }

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::set_registered_for_events() {
  return execute(new SetRegisteredForEvents());
}

Action::Builder& Action::Builder::set_protocol_version() {
  return execute(new SetProtocolVersion());
}

Action* Action::Builder::build() { return first_.release(); }

Action::PredicateBuilder Action::Builder::is_address(const Address& address) {
  return PredicateBuilder(execute(new IsAddress(address)));
}

Action::PredicateBuilder Action::Builder::is_address(const String& address, int port) {
  return PredicateBuilder(execute(new IsAddress(Address(address, port))));
}

Action::PredicateBuilder Action::Builder::is_query(const String& query) {
  return PredicateBuilder(execute(new IsQuery(query)));
}

void Action::run(Request* request) const { on_run(request); }

void Action::run_next(Request* request) const {
  if (next) {
    next->on_run(request);
  }
}

Request::Request(int8_t version, int8_t flags, int16_t stream, int8_t opcode, const String& body,
                 ClientConnection* client)
    : version_(version)
    , flags_(flags)
    , stream_(stream)
    , opcode_(opcode)
    , body_(body)
    , client_(client)
    , timer_action_(NULL) {
  (void)flags_; // TODO: Implement custom payload etc.
}

void Request::write(int8_t opcode, const String& body) { write(stream_, opcode, body); }

void Request::write(int16_t stream, int8_t opcode, const String& body) {
  client_->write(encode_header(version_, flags_, stream, opcode, body.size()) + body);
}

void Request::error(int32_t code, const String& message) {
  String body;
  encode_int32(code, &body);
  encode_string(message, &body);
  write(OPCODE_ERROR, body);
}

void Request::wait(uint64_t timeout, const Action* action) {
  inc_ref();
  timer_action_ = action;
  timer_.start(client_->server()->loop(), timeout, bind_callback(&Request::on_timeout, this));
}

void Request::close() { client_->close(); }

bool Request::decode_startup(Options* options) {
  return decode_string_map(start(), end(), options) == end();
}

bool Request::decode_credentials(Credentials* creds) {
  return decode_string_map(start(), end(), creds) == end();
}

bool Request::decode_auth_response(String* token) {
  return decode_bytes(start(), end(), token) == end();
}

bool Request::decode_register(EventTypes* types) {
  return decode_stringlist(start(), end(), types) == end();
}

bool Request::decode_query(String* query, QueryParameters* params) {
  return decode_query_params(version_, decode_long_string(start(), end(), query), end(), false,
                             params) == end();
}

bool Request::decode_execute(String* id, QueryParameters* params) {
  return decode_query_params(version_, decode_string(start(), end(), id), end(), true, params) ==
         end();
}

bool Request::decode_prepare(String* query, PrepareParameters* params) {
  return decode_prepare_params(version_, decode_long_string(start(), end(), query), end(),
                               params) == end();
}

const Address& Request::address() const { return client_->server()->address(); }

const Host& Request::host(const Address& address) const {
  return client_->cluster()->host(address);
}

Hosts Request::hosts() const { return client_->cluster()->hosts(); }

void Request::on_timeout(Timer* timer) {
  timer_action_->run_next(this);
  dec_ref();
}

void SendError::on_run(Request* request) const { request->error(code, message); }

void SendReady::on_run(Request* request) const { request->write(OPCODE_READY, String()); }

void SendAuthenticate::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String body;
  encode_string(class_name, &body);
  request->write(OPCODE_AUTHENTICATE, body);
}

void SendAuthChallenge::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String body;
  encode_string(token, &body);
  request->write(OPCODE_AUTH_CHALLENGE, body);
}

void SendAuthSuccess::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String body;
  encode_string(token, &body);
  request->write(OPCODE_AUTH_SUCCESS, body);
}

void SendSupported::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String body;
  encode_uint16(0, &body);
  request->write(OPCODE_SUPPORTED, body);
}

void SendUpEvent::on_run(Request* request) const {
  request->write(-1, OPCODE_EVENT, StatusChangeEvent::encode(StatusChangeEvent::UP, address));
  run_next(request);
}

void VoidResult::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String body;
  encode_int32(RESULT_VOID, &body);
  request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, body);
}

void EmptyRowsResult::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else {
    String body;
    encode_int32(RESULT_ROWS, &body);
    encode_int32(0, &body);         // Flags
    encode_int32(0, &body);         // Column count
    encode_int32(row_count, &body); // Row count
    request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, body);
  }
}

void NoResult::on_run(Request* request) const {}

void MatchQuery::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
    return;
  } else {
    for (Matches::const_iterator it = matches.begin(), end = matches.end(); it != end; ++it) {
      if (it->first == query) {
        request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, it->second.encode(request->version()));
        return;
      }
    }
  }
  run_next(request);
}

void ClientOptions::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query == CLIENT_OPTIONS_QUERY) {
    ResultSet::Builder builder("client", "options");
    Row::Builder row_builder;
    for (Options::const_iterator it = request->client()->options().begin(),
                                 end = request->client()->options().end();
         it != end; ++it) {
      builder.column((*it).first, Type::text());
      row_builder.text((*it).second);
    }
    ResultSet client_options = builder.row(row_builder.build()).build();

    request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, client_options.encode(request->version()));
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SystemLocal::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query.find(SELECT_LOCAL) != String::npos) {
    const Host& host(request->host(request->address()));

    ResultSet local_rs = ResultSet::Builder("system", "local")
                             .column("key", Type::text())
                             .column("data_center", Type::text())
                             .column("rack", Type::text())
                             .column("release_version", Type::text())
                             .column("rpc_address", Type::inet())
                             .column("partitioner", Type::text())
                             .column("tokens", Type::list(Type::text()))
                             .row(Row::Builder()
                                      .text(request->client()->server()->address().to_string())
                                      .text(host.dc)
                                      .text(host.rack)
                                      .text(CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                                      .inet(request->client()->server()->address())
                                      .text(host.partitioner)
                                      .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                                      .build())
                             .build();

    request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, local_rs.encode(request->version()));
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SystemLocalDse::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query.find(SELECT_LOCAL) != String::npos) {
    const Host& host(request->host(request->address()));

    ResultSet local_rs = ResultSet::Builder("system", "local")
                             .column("key", Type::text())
                             .column("data_center", Type::text())
                             .column("rack", Type::text())
                             .column("dse_version", Type::text())
                             .column("release_version", Type::text())
                             .column("rpc_address", Type::inet())
                             .column("partitioner", Type::text())
                             .column("tokens", Type::list(Type::text()))
                             .row(Row::Builder()
                                      .text(request->client()->server()->address().to_string())
                                      .text(host.dc)
                                      .text(host.rack)
                                      .text(DSE_VERSION)
                                      .text(DSE_CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                                      .inet(request->client()->server()->address())
                                      .text(host.partitioner)
                                      .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                                      .build())
                             .build();

    request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, local_rs.encode(request->version()));
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SystemPeers::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query.find(SELECT_PEERS) != String::npos) {
    const String where_clause(" WHERE peer = '");
    ResultSet::Builder peers_builder = ResultSet::Builder("system", "peers")
                                           .column("peer", Type::inet())
                                           .column("data_center", Type::text())
                                           .column("rack", Type::text())
                                           .column("release_version", Type::text())
                                           .column("rpc_address", Type::inet())
                                           .column("tokens", Type::list(Type::text()));

    size_t pos = query.find(where_clause);
    if (pos == String::npos) {
      Hosts hosts(request->hosts());
      for (Hosts::const_iterator it = hosts.begin(), end = hosts.end(); it != end; ++it) {
        const Host& host(*it);
        if (host.address == request->address()) {
          continue;
        }
        peers_builder.row(Row::Builder()
                              .inet(host.address)
                              .text(host.dc)
                              .text(host.rack)
                              .text(CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                              .inet(host.address)
                              .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                              .build());
      }
      ResultSet peers_rs = peers_builder.build();
      request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, peers_rs.encode(request->version()));
    } else {
      pos += where_clause.size();
      size_t end_pos = query.find("'", pos);
      if (end_pos == String::npos) {
        request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Invalid WHERE clause");
        return;
      }

      String ip = query.substr(pos, end_pos - pos);
      Address address(ip, request->address().port());
      if (!address.is_valid_and_resolved()) {
        request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Invalid inet address in WHERE clause");
        return;
      }

      const Host& host(request->host(address));
      ResultSet peers_rs = peers_builder
                               .row(Row::Builder()
                                        .inet(host.address)
                                        .text(host.dc)
                                        .text(host.rack)
                                        .text(CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                                        .inet(host.address)
                                        .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                                        .build())
                               .build();
      request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, peers_rs.encode(request->version()));
    }
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SystemPeersDse::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query.find(SELECT_PEERS) != String::npos) {
    const String where_clause(" WHERE peer = '");
    ResultSet::Builder peers_builder = ResultSet::Builder("system", "peers")
                                           .column("peer", Type::inet())
                                           .column("data_center", Type::text())
                                           .column("rack", Type::text())
                                           .column("dse_version", Type::text())
                                           .column("release_version", Type::text())
                                           .column("rpc_address", Type::inet())
                                           .column("tokens", Type::list(Type::text()));

    size_t pos = query.find(where_clause);
    if (pos == String::npos) {
      Hosts hosts(request->hosts());
      for (Hosts::const_iterator it = hosts.begin(), end = hosts.end(); it != end; ++it) {
        const Host& host(*it);
        if (host.address == request->address()) {
          continue;
        }
        peers_builder.row(Row::Builder()
                              .inet(host.address)
                              .text(host.dc)
                              .text(host.rack)
                              .text(DSE_VERSION)
                              .text(DSE_CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                              .inet(host.address)
                              .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                              .build());
      }
      ResultSet peers_rs = peers_builder.build();
      request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, peers_rs.encode(request->version()));
    } else {
      pos += where_clause.size();
      size_t end_pos = query.find("'", pos);
      if (end_pos == String::npos) {
        request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Invalid WHERE clause");
        return;
      }

      String ip = query.substr(pos, end_pos - pos);
      Address address(ip, request->address().port());
      if (!address.is_valid_and_resolved()) {
        request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Invalid inet address in WHERE clause");
        return;
      }

      const Host& host(request->host(address));
      ResultSet peers_rs = peers_builder
                               .row(Row::Builder()
                                        .inet(host.address)
                                        .text(host.dc)
                                        .text(host.rack)
                                        .text(CASSANDRA_VERSION)
                                        .inet(host.address)
                                        .collection(Collection::text(host.tokens))
                                        .build())
                               .build();
      request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, peers_rs.encode(request->version()));
    }
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SystemTraces::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else if (query.find(SELECT_TRACES_SESSION) != String::npos) {
    if (params.values.empty() || params.values.front().size() < 16) {
      request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Query expects a UUID parameter (tracing)");
      return;
    }
    CassUuid tracing_id;
    decode_uuid(params.values.front().data(), &tracing_id);
    ResultSet session_rs = ResultSet::Builder("system_traces", "session")
                               .column("session_id", Type::uuid())
                               .row(Row::Builder().uuid(tracing_id).build())
                               .build();
    request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, session_rs.encode(request->version()));
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void UseKeyspace::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    trim(query);
    if (query.compare(0, 3, "USE") == 0 || query.compare(0, 3, "use") == 0) {
      String keyspace(query.substr(query.find_first_not_of(" \t", 3)));
      for (Vector<String>::const_iterator it = keyspaces.begin(), end = keyspaces.end(); it != end;
           ++it) {
        String temp(*it);
        if (keyspace == escape_id(temp)) {
          String body;
          encode_int32(RESULT_SET_KEYSPACE, &body);
          encode_string(*it, &body);
          request->client()->set_keyspace(*it);
          request->write(OPCODE_RESULT, body);
          return;
        }
      }
      request->error(ERROR_INVALID_QUERY, "Keyspace '" + keyspace + "' does not exist");
    } else {
      run_next(request);
    }
  } else {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  }
}

void PlaintextAuth::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String token;
  if (request->decode_auth_response(&token)) {
    String username, password;
    String::const_reverse_iterator last = token.rbegin();
    enum { PASSWORD, USERNAME } state = PASSWORD;
    for (String::const_reverse_iterator it = token.rbegin(), end = token.rend(); it != end; ++it) {
      if (*it == '\0') {
        if (state == PASSWORD) {
          password.assign(it.base(), last.base());
          state = USERNAME;
        } else if (state == USERNAME) {
          username.assign(it.base(), last.base());
          break;
        }
        last = it + 1;
      }
    }

    if (username == this->username && password == this->password) {
      String body;
      encode_int32(-1, &body); // Null bytes
      request->write(OPCODE_AUTH_SUCCESS, body);
    } else {
      request->error(ERROR_BAD_CREDENTIALS, "Invalid credentials");
    }
  } else {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid auth response message");
  }
}

void ValidateStartup::on_run(Request* request) const {
  Options options;
  if (!request->decode_startup(&options)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid startup message");
  } else {
    request->client()->set_options(options);
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void ValidateCredentials::on_run(Request* request) const {
  Credentials creds;
  if (!request->decode_credentials(&creds)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid credentials message");
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void ValidateAuthResponse::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String token;
  if (!request->decode_auth_response(&token)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid auth response message");
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void ValidateRegister::on_run(Request* request) const {
  EventTypes types;
  if (!request->decode_register(&types)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid register message");
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void ValidateQuery::on_run(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  if (!request->decode_query(&query, &params)) {
    request->error(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Invalid query message");
  } else {
    run_next(request);
  }
}

void SetRegisteredForEvents::on_run(Request* request) const {
  request->client()->set_registered_for_events();
  run_next(request);
}

void SetProtocolVersion::on_run(Request* request) const {
  request->client()->set_protocol_version(request->version());
  run_next(request);
}

bool IsAddress::is_true(Request* request) const {
  return request->client()->server()->address() == address;
}

bool IsQuery::is_true(Request* request) const {
  String query;
  QueryParameters params;
  return request->decode_query(&query, &params) && query == this->query;
}

RequestHandler::RequestHandler(RequestHandler::Builder* builder,
                               int lowest_supported_protocol_version,
                               int highest_supported_protocol_version)
    : invalid_protocol_(builder->on_invalid_protocol().build())
    , invalid_opcode_(builder->on_invalid_opcode().build())
    , lowest_supported_protocol_version_(lowest_supported_protocol_version)
    , highest_supported_protocol_version_(highest_supported_protocol_version) {}

const RequestHandler* RequestHandler::Builder::build() {
  RequestHandler* handler(new RequestHandler(this, lowest_supported_protocol_version_,
                                             highest_supported_protocol_version_));

  handler->actions_[OPCODE_STARTUP].reset(actions_[OPCODE_STARTUP].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_OPTIONS].reset(actions_[OPCODE_OPTIONS].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_CREDENTIALS].reset(actions_[OPCODE_CREDENTIALS].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_QUERY].reset(actions_[OPCODE_QUERY].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_PREPARE].reset(actions_[OPCODE_PREPARE].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_EXECUTE].reset(actions_[OPCODE_EXECUTE].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_REGISTER].reset(actions_[OPCODE_REGISTER].build());
  handler->actions_[OPCODE_AUTH_RESPONSE].reset(actions_[OPCODE_AUTH_RESPONSE].build());

  return handler;
}

void ProtocolHandler::decode(ClientConnection* client, const char* data, int32_t len) {
  buffer_.append(data, len);
  int32_t result = decode_frame(client, buffer_.data(), buffer_.size());
  if (result > 0) {
    if (static_cast<size_t>(result) == buffer_.size()) {
      buffer_.clear();
    } else {
      // Not efficient, but concise. Copy the consumed part of the buffer
      // forward then resize the buffer to what's left over.
      std::copy(buffer_.begin() + result, buffer_.end(), buffer_.begin());
      buffer_.resize(buffer_.size() - result);
    }
  }
}

int32_t ProtocolHandler::decode_frame(ClientConnection* client, const char* frame, int32_t len) {
  const char* pos = frame;
  const char* end = pos + len;
  int32_t remaining = len;

  while (remaining > 0) {
    switch (state_) {
      case PROTOCOL_VERSION:
        // Version requires a single byte and that's guaranteed by the loop check.
        version_ = *pos++;
        remaining--;
        if (version_ < request_handler_->lowest_supported_protocol_version() ||
            version_ > request_handler_->highest_supported_protocol_version()) {
          // Use the highest supported protocol version unless it's less than the lowest supported
          // then use the original request's protocol version.
          int8_t response_version = request_handler_->highest_supported_protocol_version();
          if (version_ < request_handler_->lowest_supported_protocol_version()) {
            response_version = version_;
          }
          Request::Ptr request(
              new Request(response_version, flags_, stream_, opcode_, String(), client));
          request_handler_->invalid_protocol(request.get());
          client->close();
          return -1;
        }
        state_ = HEADER;
        break;
      case HEADER:
        if ((version_ == 1 || version_ == 2) && remaining >= 7) {
          flags_ = *pos++;
          stream_ = *pos++;
          opcode_ = *pos++;
          pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &length_);
          remaining -= 7;
        } else if (version_ >= 3 && remaining >= 8) {
          flags_ = *pos++;
          pos = decode_int16(pos, end, &stream_);
          opcode_ = *pos++;
          pos = decode_int32(pos, end, &length_);
          remaining -= 8;
        } else {
          return len - remaining;
        }

        if (length_ == 0) {
          decode_body(client, pos, 0);
          version_ = 0;
          flags_ = 0;
          opcode_ = 0;
          length_ = 0;
          state_ = PROTOCOL_VERSION;
        } else {
          state_ = BODY;
        }
        break;
      case BODY:
        if (remaining >= length_) {
          decode_body(client, pos, length_);
          pos += length_;
          remaining -= length_;
        } else {
          return len - remaining;
        }
        version_ = 0;
        flags_ = 0;
        opcode_ = 0;
        length_ = 0;
        state_ = PROTOCOL_VERSION;
        break;
    }
  }

  return len; // All bytes have been consumed
}

void ProtocolHandler::decode_body(ClientConnection* client, const char* body, int32_t len) {
  Request::Ptr request(new Request(version_, flags_, stream_, opcode_, String(body, len), client));
  request_handler_->run(request.get());
}

void ClientConnection::on_read(const char* data, size_t len) { handler_.decode(this, data, len); }

Event::Event(const String& event_body)
    : event_body_(event_body) {}

void Event::run(internal::ServerConnection* server_connection) {
  for (internal::ClientConnections::const_iterator it = server_connection->clients().begin(),
                                                   end = server_connection->clients().end();
       it != end; ++it) {
    ClientConnection* client = static_cast<ClientConnection*>(*it);
    if (client->is_registered_for_events() && client->protocol_version() > 0) {
      client->write(
          encode_header(client->protocol_version(), 0, -1, OPCODE_EVENT, event_body_.size()) +
          event_body_);
    }
  }
}

Event::Ptr TopologyChangeEvent::new_node(const Address& address) {
  return Ptr(new TopologyChangeEvent(NEW_NODE, address));
}

Event::Ptr TopologyChangeEvent::moved_node(const Address& address) {
  return Ptr(new TopologyChangeEvent(MOVED_NODE, address));
}

Event::Ptr TopologyChangeEvent::removed_node(const Address& address) {
  return Ptr(new TopologyChangeEvent(REMOVED_NODE, address));
}

String TopologyChangeEvent::encode(TopologyChangeEvent::Type type, const Address& address) {
  String body;
  encode_string("TOPOLOGY_CHANGE", &body);
  switch (type) {
    case NEW_NODE:
      encode_string("NEW_NODE", &body);
      break;
    case MOVED_NODE:
      encode_string("MOVED_NODE", &body);
      break;
    case REMOVED_NODE:
      encode_string("REMOVED_NODE", &body);
      break;
  };
  encode_inet(address, &body);
  return body;
}

Event::Ptr StatusChangeEvent::up(const Address& address) {
  return Ptr(new StatusChangeEvent(UP, address));
}

Event::Ptr StatusChangeEvent::down(const Address& address) {
  return Ptr(new StatusChangeEvent(DOWN, address));
}

String StatusChangeEvent::encode(Type type, const Address& address) {
  String body;
  encode_string("STATUS_CHANGE", &body);
  switch (type) {
    case UP:
      encode_string("UP", &body);
      break;
    case DOWN:
      encode_string("DOWN", &body);
      break;
  };
  encode_inet(address, &body);
  return body;
}

Event::Ptr SchemaChangeEvent::keyspace(SchemaChangeEvent::Type type, const String& keyspace_name) {
  return Ptr(new SchemaChangeEvent(KEYSPACE, type, keyspace_name));
}

Event::Ptr SchemaChangeEvent::table(SchemaChangeEvent::Type type, const String& keyspace_name,
                                    const String& table_name) {
  return Ptr(new SchemaChangeEvent(TABLE, type, keyspace_name, table_name));
}

Event::Ptr SchemaChangeEvent::user_type(SchemaChangeEvent::Type type, const String& keyspace_name,
                                        const String& user_type_name) {
  return Ptr(new SchemaChangeEvent(USER_TYPE, type, keyspace_name, user_type_name));
}

Event::Ptr SchemaChangeEvent::function(SchemaChangeEvent::Type type, const String& keyspace_name,
                                       const String& function_name,
                                       const Vector<String>& args_types) {
  return Ptr(new SchemaChangeEvent(FUNCTION, type, keyspace_name, function_name, args_types));
}

Event::Ptr SchemaChangeEvent::aggregate(SchemaChangeEvent::Type type, const String& keyspace_name,
                                        const String& aggregate_name,
                                        const Vector<String>& args_types) {
  return Ptr(new SchemaChangeEvent(AGGREGATE, type, keyspace_name, aggregate_name, args_types));
}

String SchemaChangeEvent::encode(SchemaChangeEvent::Target target, SchemaChangeEvent::Type type,
                                 const String& keyspace_name, const String& target_name,
                                 const Vector<String>& arg_types) {
  String body;
  encode_string("SCHEMA_CHANGE", &body);
  switch (type) {
    case CREATED:
      encode_string("CREATED", &body);
      break;
    case UPDATED:
      encode_string("UPDATED", &body);
      break;
    case DROPPED:
      encode_string("DROPPED", &body);
      break;
  }
  switch (target) {
    case KEYSPACE:
      encode_string("KEYSPACE", &body);
      encode_string(keyspace_name, &body);
      break;
    case TABLE:
      encode_string("TABLE", &body);
      encode_string(keyspace_name, &body);
      encode_string(target_name, &body);
      break;
      ;
    case USER_TYPE:
      encode_string("TYPE", &body);
      encode_string(keyspace_name, &body);
      encode_string(target_name, &body);
      break;
    case FUNCTION:
      encode_string("FUNCTION", &body);
      encode_string(keyspace_name, &body);
      encode_string(target_name, &body);
      encode_string_list(arg_types, &body);
      break;
    case AGGREGATE:
      encode_string("AGGREGATE", &body);
      encode_string(keyspace_name, &body);
      encode_string(target_name, &body);
      encode_string_list(arg_types, &body);
      break;
  }
  return body;
}

void Cluster::init(AddressGenerator& generator, ClientConnectionFactory& factory,
                   size_t num_nodes_dc1, size_t num_nodes_dc2) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_nodes_dc1; ++i) {
    create_and_add_server(generator, factory, "dc1");
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_nodes_dc2; ++i) {
    create_and_add_server(generator, factory, "dc2");
  }
}

Cluster::~Cluster() { stop_all(); }

String Cluster::use_ssl(const String& cn /*= ""*/) {
  String key(Ssl::generate_key());
  String cert(Ssl::generate_cert(key, cn));
  for (size_t i = 0; i < servers_.size(); ++i) {
    Server& server = servers_[i];
    if (!server.connection->use_ssl(key, cert)) {
      return "";
    }
  }
  return cert;
}

int Cluster::start_all(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group) {
  start_all_async(event_loop_group);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < servers_.size(); ++i) {
    Server& server = servers_[i];
    int rc = server.connection->wait_listen();
    if (rc != 0) return rc;
  }
  return 0;
}

void Cluster::start_all_async(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < servers_.size(); ++i) {
    Server& server = servers_[i];
    server.connection->listen(event_loop_group);
  }
}

void Cluster::stop_all() {
  stop_all_async();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < servers_.size(); ++i) {
    Server& server = servers_[i];
    server.connection->wait_close();
  }
}

void Cluster::stop_all_async() {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < servers_.size(); ++i) {
    Server& server = servers_[i];
    server.connection->close();
  }
}

int Cluster::start(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group, size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return -1;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  server.connection->listen(event_loop_group);
  return server.connection->wait_listen();
}

void Cluster::start_async(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group, size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  server.connection->listen(event_loop_group);
}

void Cluster::stop(size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  server.connection->close();
  server.connection->wait_close();
}

void Cluster::stop_async(size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  server.connection->close();
}

int Cluster::add(EventLoopGroup* event_loop_group, size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return -1;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  bool is_removed = server.is_removed.exchange(false);
  server.connection->listen(event_loop_group);
  int rc = server.connection->wait_listen();

  // Send the added node event after starting the socket
  if (is_removed) { // Only send topology change event if node was previously removed
    event(TopologyChangeEvent::new_node(server.connection->address()));
  }

  return rc;
}

void Cluster::remove(size_t node) {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return;
  }
  Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  bool is_removed = server.is_removed.exchange(true);

  // Send the remove node event before closing the socket
  if (!is_removed) { // Only send the topology change event if node was previously active
    event(TopologyChangeEvent::removed_node(server.connection->address()));
  }

  server.connection->close();
  server.connection->wait_close();
}

const Host& Cluster::host(const Address& address) const {
  for (Servers::const_iterator it = servers_.begin(), end = servers_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    if (it->host.address == address) {
      return it->host;
    }
  }

  throw Exception(ERROR_PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Unable to find host " + address.to_string());
}

Hosts Cluster::hosts() const {
  Hosts hosts;
  hosts.reserve(servers_.size());
  for (Servers::const_iterator it = servers_.begin(), end = servers_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    if (!it->is_removed.load()) {
      hosts.push_back(it->host);
    }
  }
  return hosts;
}

unsigned Cluster::connection_attempts(size_t node) const {
  if (node < 1 || node > servers_.size()) {
    return 0;
  }
  const Server& server = servers_[node - 1];
  return server.connection->connection_attempts();
}

int Cluster::create_and_add_server(AddressGenerator& generator, ClientConnectionFactory& factory,
                                   const String& dc) {
  Address address(generator.next());
  Server server(Host(address, dc, "rack1", token_rng_),
                internal::ServerConnection::Ptr(new internal::ServerConnection(address, factory)));

  servers_.push_back(server);
  return static_cast<int>(servers_.size());
}

void Cluster::event(const Event::Ptr& event) {
  for (Servers::const_iterator it = servers_.begin(), end = servers_.end(); it != end; ++it) {
    it->connection->run(internal::ServerConnectionTask::Ptr(event));
  }
}

Address Ipv4AddressGenerator::next() {
  char buf[32];
  sprintf(buf, "%d.%d.%d.%d", (ip_ >> 24) & 0xff, (ip_ >> 16) & 0xff, (ip_ >> 8) & 0xff,
          ip_ & 0xff);
  ip_++;
  return Address(buf, port_);
}

Host::Host(const Address& address, const String& dc, const String& rack, MT19937_64& token_rng,
           int num_tokens)
    : address(address)
    , dc(dc)
    , rack(rack)
    , partitioner("org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner") {
  // Only murmur tokens currently supported
  for (int i = 0; i < num_tokens; ++i) {
    OStringStream ss;
    ss << static_cast<int64_t>(token_rng());
    tokens.push_back(ss.str());
  }
}

SimpleEventLoopGroup::SimpleEventLoopGroup(size_t num_threads,
                                           const String& thread_name /*= "mockssandra"*/)
    : RoundRobinEventLoopGroup(num_threads) {
  int rc = init(thread_name);
  UNUSED_(rc);
  assert(rc == 0 && "Unable to initialize simple event loop");
  run();
}

SimpleEventLoopGroup::~SimpleEventLoopGroup() {
  close_handles();
  join();
}

SimpleRequestHandlerBuilder::SimpleRequestHandlerBuilder()
    : RequestHandler::Builder() {
  on(OPCODE_STARTUP).validate_startup().ready();
  on(OPCODE_OPTIONS).supported();
  on(OPCODE_CREDENTIALS).validate_credentials().ready();
  on(OPCODE_AUTH_RESPONSE).validate_auth_response().auth_success("");
  on(OPCODE_REGISTER)
      .validate_register()
      .set_protocol_version()
      .set_registered_for_events()
      .ready();
  on(OPCODE_QUERY).system_local().system_peers().empty_rows_result(1);
}

AuthRequestHandlerBuilder::AuthRequestHandlerBuilder(const String& username, const String& password)
    : SimpleRequestHandlerBuilder() {
  on(mockssandra::OPCODE_STARTUP).validate_startup().authenticate("com.datastax.SomeAuthenticator");
  on(mockssandra::OPCODE_AUTH_RESPONSE).validate_auth_response().plaintext_auth(username, password);
}

} // namespace mockssandra