1      SUBROUTINE ZSPSVX( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, IPIV, B, LDB, X,
2     $                   LDX, RCOND, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
3*
4*  -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.0) --
5*     Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley, NAG Ltd.,
6*     Courant Institute, Argonne National Lab, and Rice University
7*     June 30, 1999
8*
9*     .. Scalar Arguments ..
10      CHARACTER          FACT, UPLO
11      INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS
12      DOUBLE PRECISION   RCOND
13*     ..
14*     .. Array Arguments ..
15      INTEGER            IPIV( * )
16      DOUBLE PRECISION   BERR( * ), FERR( * ), RWORK( * )
17      COMPLEX*16         AFP( * ), AP( * ), B( LDB, * ), WORK( * ),
18     $                   X( LDX, * )
19*     ..
20*
21*  Purpose
22*  =======
23*
24*  ZSPSVX uses the diagonal pivoting factorization A = U*D*U**T or
25*  A = L*D*L**T to compute the solution to a complex system of linear
26*  equations A * X = B, where A is an N-by-N symmetric matrix stored
27*  in packed format and X and B are N-by-NRHS matrices.
28*
29*  Error bounds on the solution and a condition estimate are also
30*  provided.
31*
32*  Description
33*  ===========
34*
35*  The following steps are performed:
36*
37*  1. If FACT = 'N', the diagonal pivoting method is used to factor A as
38*        A = U * D * U**T,  if UPLO = 'U', or
39*        A = L * D * L**T,  if UPLO = 'L',
40*     where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower)
41*     triangular matrices and D is symmetric and block diagonal with
42*     1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks.
43*
44*  2. If some D(i,i)=0, so that D is exactly singular, then the routine
45*     returns with INFO = i. Otherwise, the factored form of A is used
46*     to estimate the condition number of the matrix A.  If the
47*     reciprocal of the condition number is less than machine precision,
48*     INFO = N+1 is returned as a warning, but the routine still goes on
49*     to solve for X and compute error bounds as described below.
50*
51*  3. The system of equations is solved for X using the factored form
52*     of A.
53*
54*  4. Iterative refinement is applied to improve the computed solution
55*     matrix and calculate error bounds and backward error estimates
56*     for it.
57*
58*  Arguments
59*  =========
60*
61*  FACT    (input) CHARACTER*1
62*          Specifies whether or not the factored form of A has been
63*          supplied on entry.
64*          = 'F':  On entry, AFP and IPIV contain the factored form
65*                  of A.  AP, AFP and IPIV will not be modified.
66*          = 'N':  The matrix A will be copied to AFP and factored.
67*
68*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
69*          = 'U':  Upper triangle of A is stored;
70*          = 'L':  Lower triangle of A is stored.
71*
72*  N       (input) INTEGER
73*          The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the
74*          matrix A.  N >= 0.
75*
76*  NRHS    (input) INTEGER
77*          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
78*          of the matrices B and X.  NRHS >= 0.
79*
80*  AP      (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
81*          The upper or lower triangle of the symmetric matrix A, packed
82*          columnwise in a linear array.  The j-th column of A is stored
83*          in the array AP as follows:
84*          if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j;
85*          if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2*n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n.
86*          See below for further details.
87*
88*  AFP     (input or output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
89*          If FACT = 'F', then AFP is an input argument and on entry
90*          contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used
91*          to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization
92*          A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by ZSPTRF, stored as
93*          a packed triangular matrix in the same storage format as A.
94*
95*          If FACT = 'N', then AFP is an output argument and on exit
96*          contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used
97*          to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization
98*          A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by ZSPTRF, stored as
99*          a packed triangular matrix in the same storage format as A.
100*
101*  IPIV    (input or output) INTEGER array, dimension (N)
102*          If FACT = 'F', then IPIV is an input argument and on entry
103*          contains details of the interchanges and the block structure
104*          of D, as determined by ZSPTRF.
105*          If IPIV(k) > 0, then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were
106*          interchanged and D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block.
107*          If UPLO = 'U' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and
108*          columns k-1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k)
109*          is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.  If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) =
110*          IPIV(k+1) < 0, then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were
111*          interchanged and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.
112*
113*          If FACT = 'N', then IPIV is an output argument and on exit
114*          contains details of the interchanges and the block structure
115*          of D, as determined by ZSPTRF.
116*
117*  B       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
118*          The N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
119*
120*  LDB     (input) INTEGER
121*          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
122*
123*  X       (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
124*          If INFO = 0 or INFO = N+1, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X.
125*
126*  LDX     (input) INTEGER
127*          The leading dimension of the array X.  LDX >= max(1,N).
128*
129*  RCOND   (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
130*          The estimate of the reciprocal condition number of the matrix
131*          A.  If RCOND is less than the machine precision (in
132*          particular, if RCOND = 0), the matrix is singular to working
133*          precision.  This condition is indicated by a return code of
134*          INFO > 0.
135*
136*  FERR    (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS)
137*          The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector
138*          X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X).
139*          If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j)
140*          is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest
141*          element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the
142*          largest element in X(j).  The estimate is as reliable as
143*          the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight
144*          overestimate of the true error.
145*
146*  BERR    (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS)
147*          The componentwise relative backward error of each solution
148*          vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in
149*          any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution).
150*
151*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (2*N)
152*
153*  RWORK   (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
154*
155*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
156*          = 0: successful exit
157*          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
158*          > 0:  if INFO = i, and i is
159*                <= N:  D(i,i) is exactly zero.  The factorization
160*                       has been completed but the factor D is exactly
161*                       singular, so the solution and error bounds could
162*                       not be computed. RCOND = 0 is returned.
163*                = N+1: D is nonsingular, but RCOND is less than machine
164*                       precision, meaning that the matrix is singular
165*                       to working precision.  Nevertheless, the
166*                       solution and error bounds are computed because
167*                       there are a number of situations where the
168*                       computed solution can be more accurate than the
169*                       value of RCOND would suggest.
170*
171*  Further Details
172*  ===============
173*
174*  The packed storage scheme is illustrated by the following example
175*  when N = 4, UPLO = 'U':
176*
177*  Two-dimensional storage of the symmetric matrix A:
178*
179*     a11 a12 a13 a14
180*         a22 a23 a24
181*             a33 a34     (aij = aji)
182*                 a44
183*
184*  Packed storage of the upper triangle of A:
185*
186*  AP = [ a11, a12, a22, a13, a23, a33, a14, a24, a34, a44 ]
187*
188*  =====================================================================
189*
190*     .. Parameters ..
191      DOUBLE PRECISION   ZERO
192      PARAMETER          ( ZERO = 0.0D+0 )
193*     ..
194*     .. Local Scalars ..
195      LOGICAL            NOFACT
196      DOUBLE PRECISION   ANORM
197*     ..
198*     .. External Functions ..
199      LOGICAL            LSAME
200      DOUBLE PRECISION   DLAMCH, ZLANSP
201      EXTERNAL           LSAME, DLAMCH, ZLANSP
202*     ..
203*     .. External Subroutines ..
204      EXTERNAL           XERBLA, ZCOPY, ZLACPY, ZSPCON, ZSPRFS, ZSPTRF,
205     $                   ZSPTRS
206*     ..
207*     .. Intrinsic Functions ..
208      INTRINSIC          MAX
209*     ..
210*     .. Executable Statements ..
211*
212*     Test the input parameters.
213*
214      INFO = 0
215      NOFACT = LSAME( FACT, 'N' )
216      IF( .NOT.NOFACT .AND. .NOT.LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) ) THEN
217         INFO = -1
218      ELSE IF( .NOT.LSAME( UPLO, 'U' ) .AND. .NOT.LSAME( UPLO, 'L' ) )
219     $          THEN
220         INFO = -2
221      ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
222         INFO = -3
223      ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN
224         INFO = -4
225      ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
226         INFO = -9
227      ELSE IF( LDX.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
228         INFO = -11
229      END IF
230      IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
231         CALL XERBLA( 'ZSPSVX', -INFO )
232         RETURN
233      END IF
234*
235      IF( NOFACT ) THEN
236*
237*        Compute the factorization A = U*D*U' or A = L*D*L'.
238*
239         CALL ZCOPY( N*( N+1 ) / 2, AP, 1, AFP, 1 )
240         CALL ZSPTRF( UPLO, N, AFP, IPIV, INFO )
241*
242*        Return if INFO is non-zero.
243*
244         IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
245            IF( INFO.GT.0 )
246     $         RCOND = ZERO
247            RETURN
248         END IF
249      END IF
250*
251*     Compute the norm of the matrix A.
252*
253      ANORM = ZLANSP( 'I', UPLO, N, AP, RWORK )
254*
255*     Compute the reciprocal of the condition number of A.
256*
257      CALL ZSPCON( UPLO, N, AFP, IPIV, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, INFO )
258*
259*     Set INFO = N+1 if the matrix is singular to working precision.
260*
261      IF( RCOND.LT.DLAMCH( 'Epsilon' ) )
262     $   INFO = N + 1
263*
264*     Compute the solution vectors X.
265*
266      CALL ZLACPY( 'Full', N, NRHS, B, LDB, X, LDX )
267      CALL ZSPTRS( UPLO, N, NRHS, AFP, IPIV, X, LDX, INFO )
268*
269*     Use iterative refinement to improve the computed solutions and
270*     compute error bounds and backward error estimates for them.
271*
272      CALL ZSPRFS( UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, IPIV, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR,
273     $             BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
274*
275      RETURN
276*
277*     End of ZSPSVX
278*
279      END
280