1 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  *   Copyright (c) 1999-2021 by the GMT Team (https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/team.html)
4  *
5  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6  *   it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
7  *   the Free Software Foundation; version 3 or any later version.
8  *
9  *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10  *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11  *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
12  *   GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
13  *
14  *   Contact info: www.generic-mapping-tools.org
15  *--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
16 /*
17  * grdpmodeler will read an age grid file and a plate motion model and
18  * evaluates chosen attributes such as speed, direction, lon/lat origin
19  * of the grid location.
20  *
21  * Author:	Paul Wessel
22  * Date:	1-NOV-2010
23  * Ver:		5
24  */
25 
26 #include "gmt_dev.h"
27 #include "spotter.h"
28 
29 #define THIS_MODULE_CLASSIC_NAME	"grdpmodeler"
30 #define THIS_MODULE_MODERN_NAME	"grdpmodeler"
31 #define THIS_MODULE_LIB		"spotter"
32 #define THIS_MODULE_PURPOSE	"Evaluate a plate motion model on a geographic grid"
33 #define THIS_MODULE_KEYS	"<G{,FD(,GG),>DG"
34 #define THIS_MODULE_NEEDS	"g"
35 #define THIS_MODULE_OPTIONS "-:RVbdhor"
36 
37 #define N_PM_ITEMS	9
38 #define PM_AZIM		0
39 #define PM_DIST		1
40 #define PM_STAGE	2
41 #define PM_VEL		3
42 #define PM_OMEGA	4
43 #define PM_DLON		5
44 #define PM_DLAT		6
45 #define PM_LON		7
46 #define PM_LAT		8
47 
48 struct GRDROTATER_CTRL {	/* All control options for this program (except common args) */
49 	/* active is true if the option has been activated */
50 	struct GRDPMODELER_In {
51 		bool active;
52 		char *file;
53 	} In;
54 	struct GRDPMODELER_E {	/* -E[+]rotfile, -E[+]<ID1>-<ID2>, or -E<lon/lat/angle> */
55 		bool active;
56 		struct SPOTTER_ROT rot;
57 	} E;
58 	struct GRDPMODELER_F {	/* -Fpolfile */
59 		bool active;
60 		char *file;
61 	} F;
62 	struct GRDPMODELER_G {	/* -Goutfile */
63 		bool active;
64 		char *file;
65 	} G;
66 	struct GRDPMODELER_I {	/* -I (for checking only) */
67 		bool active;
68 	} I;
69 	struct GRDPMODELER_N {	/* -N */
70 		bool active;
71 		double t_upper;
72 	} N;
73 	struct GRDPMODELER_S {	/* -Sa|d|s|v|w|x|y|X|Y */
74 		bool active, center;
75 		unsigned int mode[N_PM_ITEMS];
76 		unsigned int n_items;
77 	} S;
78 	struct GRDPMODELER_T {	/* -T<fixtime> */
79 		bool active;
80 		double value;
81 	} T;
82 };
83 
New_Ctrl(struct GMT_CTRL * GMT)84 static void *New_Ctrl (struct GMT_CTRL *GMT) {	/* Allocate and initialize a new control structure */
85 	struct GRDROTATER_CTRL *C;
86 
87 	C = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, 1, struct GRDROTATER_CTRL);
88 
89 	/* Initialize values whose defaults are not 0/false/NULL */
90 
91 	return (C);
92 }
93 
Free_Ctrl(struct GMT_CTRL * GMT,struct GRDROTATER_CTRL * C)94 static void Free_Ctrl (struct GMT_CTRL *GMT, struct GRDROTATER_CTRL *C) {	/* Deallocate control structure */
95 	if (!C) return;
96 	gmt_M_str_free (C->In.file);
97 	gmt_M_str_free (C->E.rot.file);
98 	gmt_M_str_free (C->F.file);
99 	gmt_M_str_free (C->G.file);
100 	gmt_M_free (GMT, C);
101 }
102 
usage(struct GMTAPI_CTRL * API,int level)103 static int usage (struct GMTAPI_CTRL *API, int level) {
104 	const char *name = gmt_show_name_and_purpose (API, THIS_MODULE_LIB, THIS_MODULE_CLASSIC_NAME, THIS_MODULE_PURPOSE);
105 	if (level == GMT_MODULE_PURPOSE) return (GMT_NOERROR);
106 	GMT_Usage (API, 0, "usage: %s %s %s [-F<polygontable>] [-G%s] [%s] [%s] [-N<upper_age>] "
107 		"[-SadrswxyXY] [-T<time>] [%s] [%s] [%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]\n",
108 		name, GMT_INGRID, SPOTTER_E_OPT, GMT_OUTGRID, GMT_Id_OPT, GMT_Rgeo_OPT, GMT_V_OPT, GMT_b_OPT, GMT_d_OPT, GMT_h_OPT, GMT_r_OPT, GMT_PAR_OPT);
109 
110 	if (level == GMT_SYNOPSIS) return (GMT_MODULE_SYNOPSIS);
111 
112 	GMT_Message (API, GMT_TIME_NONE, "  REQUIRED ARGUMENTS:\n");
113 	gmt_ingrid_syntax (API, 0, "Name of input grid in geographic coordinates with crustal ages");
114 	spotter_rot_usage (API);
115 	GMT_Message (API, GMT_TIME_NONE, "\n  OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS:\n");
116 	GMT_Usage (API, 1, "\n-F<polygontable>");
117 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Specify a multi-segment closed polygon file that describes the area "
118 		"of the grid to work on [Default works on the entire grid].");
119 	gmt_outgrid_syntax (API, 'G', "Set output filename with the model predictions. "
120 		"Must contain %%s if more than one item is specified in -S. "
121 		"Default writes x,y,<predictions> to standard output.");
122 	GMT_Usage (API, 1, "\n%s", GMT_Id_OPT);
123 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Specify grid interval(s); Append m [or s] to <dx> and/or <dy> for minutes [or seconds].");
124 	GMT_Usage (API, 1, "\n-N<upper_age>");
125 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Extend earliest stage pole back to <upper_age> [no extension].");
126 	GMT_Option (API, "Rg");
127 	GMT_Usage (API, 1, "\n-SadrswxyXY");
128 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Select one or more model predictions as a function of crustal age. Choose from:");
129 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "a: Plate spreading azimuth.");
130 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "d: Distance to origin of crust in km.");
131 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "r: Plate motion rate in mm/yr or km/Myr.");
132 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "s: Plate motion stage ID (1 is youngest).");
133 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "w: Rotation rate in degrees/Myr.");
134 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "x: Change in longitude since formation.");
135 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "y: Change in latitude since formation.");
136 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "X: Longitude at origin of crust.");
137 	GMT_Usage (API, 3, "Y: Latitude at origin of crust.");
138 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Default writes separate grids for adrswxyXY.");
139 	GMT_Usage (API, 1, "\n-T<time>");
140 	GMT_Usage (API, -2, "Set fixed time of reconstruction to override age grid.");
141 	GMT_Option (API, "V,bi2,d,h,r,.");
142 
143 	return (GMT_MODULE_USAGE);
144 }
145 
parse(struct GMT_CTRL * GMT,struct GRDROTATER_CTRL * Ctrl,struct GMT_OPTION * options)146 static int parse (struct GMT_CTRL *GMT, struct GRDROTATER_CTRL *Ctrl, struct GMT_OPTION *options) {
147 	/* This parses the options provided to grdpmodeler and sets parameters in CTRL.
148 	 * Any GMT common options will override values set previously by other commands.
149 	 * It also replaces any file names specified as input or output with the data ID
150 	 * returned when registering these sources/destinations with the API.
151 	 */
152 
153 	unsigned int n_errors = 0, n_files = 0, k;
154 	struct GMT_OPTION *opt = NULL;
155 	struct GMTAPI_CTRL *API = GMT->parent;
156 
157 	for (opt = options; opt; opt = opt->next) {
158 		switch (opt->option) {
159 
160 			case '<':	/* Input files */
161 				if (n_files++ > 0) {n_errors++; continue; }
162 				Ctrl->In.active = true;
163 				if (opt->arg[0]) Ctrl->In.file = strdup (opt->arg);
164 				if (GMT_Get_FilePath (API, GMT_IS_DATASET, GMT_IN, GMT_FILE_REMOTE, &(Ctrl->In.file))) n_errors++;
165 				break;
166 
167 			/* Supplemental parameters */
168 
169 			case 'E':	/* File with stage poles */
170 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->E.active);
171 				Ctrl->E.active = true;
172 				n_errors += spotter_parse (GMT, opt->option, opt->arg, &(Ctrl->E.rot));
173 				break;
174 			case 'F':
175 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->F.active);
176 				Ctrl->F.active = true;
177 				if (opt->arg[0]) Ctrl->F.file = strdup (opt->arg);
178 				if (GMT_Get_FilePath (API, GMT_IS_DATASET, GMT_IN, GMT_FILE_REMOTE, &(Ctrl->F.file))) n_errors++;
179 				break;
180 			case 'G':
181 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->G.active);
182 				Ctrl->G.active = true;
183 				if (opt->arg[0]) Ctrl->G.file = strdup (opt->arg);
184 				if (GMT_Get_FilePath (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_OUT, GMT_FILE_LOCAL, &(Ctrl->G.file))) n_errors++;
185 				break;
186 			case 'I':
187 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->I.active);
188 				Ctrl->I.active = true;
189 				n_errors += gmt_parse_inc_option (GMT, 'I', opt->arg);
190 				break;
191 			case 'N':	/* Extend oldest stage back to this time [no extension] */
192 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->N.active);
193 				Ctrl->N.active = true;
194 				Ctrl->N.t_upper = atof (opt->arg);
195 				break;
196 			case 'S':
197 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->S.active);
198 				Ctrl->S.active = true;
199 				while (opt->arg[Ctrl->S.n_items]) {
200 					switch (opt->arg[Ctrl->S.n_items]) {
201 						case 'a':	/* Plate spreading azimuth */
202 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_AZIM;	 break;
203 						case 'd':	/* Distance from point to origin at ridge */
204 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_DIST;	 break;
205 						case 's':	/* Plate motion stage ID */
206 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_STAGE; break;
207 						case 'v': case 'r':	/* Plate spreading rate [r is backwards compatible] */
208 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_VEL;	 break;
209 						case 'w':	/* Plate rotation omega */
210 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_OMEGA; break;
211 						case 'x':	/* Change in longitude since origin */
212 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_DLON;	Ctrl->S.center = true;	 break;
213 						case 'y':	/* Change in latitude since origin */
214 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_DLAT;	 break;
215 						case 'X':	/* Plate longitude at crust origin */
216 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_LON;	 break;
217 						case 'Y':	/* Plate latitude at crust origin */
218 							Ctrl->S.mode[Ctrl->S.n_items] = PM_LAT;	 break;
219 						default:
220 							n_errors++;		 break;
221 					}
222 					Ctrl->S.n_items++;
223 				}
224 				break;
225 			case 'T':
226 				n_errors += gmt_M_repeated_module_option (API, Ctrl->T.active);
227 				Ctrl->T.active = true;
228 				Ctrl->T.value = atof (opt->arg);
229 				break;
230 
231 			default:	/* Report bad options */
232 				n_errors += gmt_default_error (GMT, opt->option);
233 				break;
234 		}
235 	}
236 
237 	if (Ctrl->S.n_items == 0) {	/* Set default which are all the items */
238 		Ctrl->S.active = true;
239 		Ctrl->S.n_items = N_PM_ITEMS;
240 		for (k = 0; k < Ctrl->S.n_items; k++) Ctrl->S.mode[k] = k;
241 	}
242 
243 	if (!Ctrl->In.file) {	/* Must have -R -I [-r] */
244 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !GMT->common.R.active[RSET] && !GMT->common.R.active[ISET], "Must specify input file or -R -I [-r]\n");
245 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !Ctrl->T.active, "Must specify -T if no age grid is given.\n");
246 	}
247 	else {	/* Must not have -I -r */
248 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, GMT->common.R.active[ISET] || GMT->common.R.active[GSET], "Cannot specify input file AND -R -r\n");
249 	}
250 	if (Ctrl->G.active) {	/* Specified output grid(s) */
251 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !Ctrl->G.file, "Option -G: Must specify output file\n");
252 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, Ctrl->S.n_items > 1 && !strstr (Ctrl->G.file, "%s"), "Option -G: File name must be a template containing \"%s\"\n");
253 	}
254 	else
255 		n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !Ctrl->In.file, "Must specify input file when no output grids are created\n");
256 	n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !Ctrl->E.active, "Must specify -E\n");
257 	n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, !Ctrl->S.active, "Must specify -S\n");
258 	n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, Ctrl->S.n_items == 0, "Must specify one or more fields with -S\n");
259 	n_errors += gmt_M_check_condition (GMT, Ctrl->T.value < 0.0, "Option -T: Must specify positive age.\n");
260 
261 	return (n_errors ? GMT_PARSE_ERROR : GMT_NOERROR);
262 }
263 
264 #define bailout(code) {gmt_M_free_options (mode); return (code);}
265 #define Return(code) {gmt_M_free (GMT, p); Free_Ctrl (GMT, Ctrl); gmt_end_module (GMT, GMT_cpy); bailout (code);}
266 
GMT_grdpmodeler(void * V_API,int mode,void * args)267 EXTERN_MSC int GMT_grdpmodeler (void *V_API, int mode, void *args) {
268 	unsigned int col, row, inside, stage, n_stages, registration, k;
269 	int retval, error = 0;
270 
271 	bool skip, spotted;
272 
273 	uint64_t node, seg, n_old = 0, n_outside = 0, n_NaN = 0;
274 
275 	double lon = 0, lat = 0, d, value = 0.0, age, wesn[4], inc[2], *grd_x = NULL, *grd_y = NULL, *grd_yc = NULL, *out = NULL;
276 
277 	char *quantity[N_PM_ITEMS] = { "azimuth", "distance displacement", "stage", "velocity", "rotation rate", "longitude displacement", \
278 		"latitude displacement", "reconstructed longitude", "reconstructed latitude"};
279 	char *tag[N_PM_ITEMS] = { "az", "dist", "stage", "vel", "omega", "dlon", "dlat", "lon", "lat" };
280 	struct GMT_DATASET *D = NULL;
281 	struct GMT_DATATABLE *pol = NULL;
282 	struct EULER *p = NULL;			/* Pointer to array of stage poles */
283 	struct GMT_OPTION *ptr = NULL;
284 	struct GMT_GRID *G_age = NULL, **G_mod = NULL, *G = NULL;
285 	struct GMT_RECORD *Out = NULL;
286 	struct GRDROTATER_CTRL *Ctrl = NULL;
287 	struct GMT_CTRL *GMT = NULL, *GMT_cpy = NULL;
288 	struct GMT_OPTION *options = NULL;
289 	struct GMTAPI_CTRL *API = gmt_get_api_ptr (V_API);	/* Cast from void to GMTAPI_CTRL pointer */
290 
291 	/*----------------------- Standard module initialization and parsing ----------------------*/
292 
293 	if (API == NULL) return (GMT_NOT_A_SESSION);
294 	if (mode == GMT_MODULE_PURPOSE) return (usage (API, GMT_MODULE_PURPOSE));	/* Return the purpose of program */
295 	options = GMT_Create_Options (API, mode, args);	if (API->error) return (API->error);	/* Set or get option list */
296 
297 	if ((error = gmt_report_usage (API, options, 0, usage)) != GMT_NOERROR) bailout (error);	/* Give usage if requested */
298 
299 	/* Parse the command-line arguments */
300 
301 	if ((GMT = gmt_init_module (API, THIS_MODULE_LIB, THIS_MODULE_CLASSIC_NAME, THIS_MODULE_KEYS, THIS_MODULE_NEEDS, NULL, &options, &GMT_cpy)) == NULL) bailout (API->error); /* Save current state */
302 	if ((ptr = GMT_Find_Option (API, 'f', options)) == NULL) gmt_parse_common_options (GMT, "f", 'f', "g"); /* Did not set -f, implicitly set -fg */
303 	if (GMT_Parse_Common (API, THIS_MODULE_OPTIONS, options)) Return (API->error);
304 	Ctrl = New_Ctrl (GMT);	/* Allocate and initialize a new control structure */
305 	if ((error = parse (GMT, Ctrl, options)) != 0) Return (error);
306 
307 	/*---------------------------- This is the grdpmodeler main code ----------------------------*/
308 
309 	/* Check limits and get data file */
310 
311 	if (Ctrl->In.file) {	/* Gave an age grid */
312 		if ((G_age = GMT_Read_Data (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_IS_FILE, GMT_IS_SURFACE, GMT_CONTAINER_ONLY, NULL, Ctrl->In.file, NULL)) == NULL) {	/* Get header only */
313 			Return (API->error);
314 		}
315 		gmt_M_memcpy (wesn, (GMT->common.R.active[RSET] ? GMT->common.R.wesn : G_age->header->wesn), 4, double);
316 		if (GMT_Read_Data (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_IS_FILE, GMT_IS_SURFACE, GMT_DATA_ONLY, wesn, Ctrl->In.file, G_age) == NULL) {
317 			Return (API->error);	/* Get header only */
318 		}
319 		gmt_M_memcpy (inc, G_age->header->inc, 2, double);	/* Use same increment for output grid */
320 		registration = G_age->header->registration;
321 		gmt_M_memcpy (GMT->common.R.wesn, G_age->header->wesn, 4, double);
322 		GMT->common.R.active[RSET] = true;
323 	}
324 	else {	/* Use the input options of -R -I [and -r] */
325 		gmt_M_memcpy (inc, GMT->common.R.inc, 2, double);
326 		registration = GMT->common.R.registration;
327 	}
328 
329 	if (Ctrl->F.active) {	/* Read the user's clip polygon file */
330 		if ((D = GMT_Read_Data (API, GMT_IS_DATASET, GMT_IS_FILE, GMT_IS_POLY, GMT_READ_NORMAL, NULL, Ctrl->F.file, NULL)) == NULL) {
331 			Return (API->error);
332 		}
333 		pol = D->table[0];	/* Since it is a single file */
334 		gmt_set_inside_mode (GMT, D, GMT_IOO_UNKNOWN);
335 		GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "Restrict evaluation to within polygons in file %s\n", Ctrl->F.file);
336 	}
337 
338 	if (Ctrl->E.rot.single) {	/* Got a single rotation, no time, create a rotation table with one entry */
339 		n_stages = 1;
340 		p = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, n_stages, struct EULER);
341 		p[0].lon = Ctrl->E.rot.lon; p[0].lat = Ctrl->E.rot.lat; p[0].omega = Ctrl->E.rot.w;
342 		if (gmt_M_is_dnan (Ctrl->E.rot.age)) {	/* No age, use fake age = 1 everywhere */
343 			Ctrl->T.active = true;
344 			Ctrl->T.value = Ctrl->N.t_upper = p[0].t_start = 1.0;
345 		}
346 		spotter_setrot (GMT, &(p[0]));
347 	}
348 	else {	/* Got a file or Gplates plate pair */
349 		if ((retval = spotter_init (GMT, Ctrl->E.rot.file, &p, 0, false, Ctrl->E.rot.invert, &Ctrl->N.t_upper)) < 0)
350 			Return (-retval);
351 		n_stages = (unsigned int)retval;
352 	}
353 	for (stage = 0; stage < n_stages; stage++) {
354 		if (p[stage].omega < 0.0) {	/* Ensure all stages have positive rotation angles */
355 			p[stage].omega = -p[stage].omega;
356 			p[stage].lat = -p[stage].lat;
357 			p[stage].lon += 180.0;
358 			if (p[stage].lon > 360.0) p[stage].lon -= 360.0;
359 		}
360 	}
361 	if (Ctrl->T.active && Ctrl->T.value > Ctrl->N.t_upper) {
362 		GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_ERROR, "Requested a fixed reconstruction time outside range of rotation table\n");
363 		Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
364 	}
365 
366 	if (Ctrl->G.active) {	/* Need one or more output grids */
367 		G_mod = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, Ctrl->S.n_items, struct GMT_GRID *);
368 		for (k = 0; k < Ctrl->S.n_items; k++) {
369 			if ((G_mod[k] = GMT_Create_Data (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_IS_SURFACE, GMT_CONTAINER_AND_DATA, NULL, NULL, inc, \
370 				registration, GMT_NOTSET, NULL)) == NULL) {	/* Free previous grids and bail */
371 					unsigned int kk;
372 					for (kk = 0; kk < k; kk++)
373 						(void)GMT_Destroy_Data (API, &G_mod[kk]);
374 					gmt_M_free (GMT, G_mod);
375 					Return (API->error);
376 			}
377 
378 			switch (Ctrl->S.mode[k]) {
379 				case PM_AZIM:	/* Compute plate motion direction at this point in time/space */
380 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "degree");	     break;
381 				case PM_DIST:	/* Distance to origin in km */
382 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "km");	     break;
383 				case PM_STAGE:	/* Compute plate motion stage at this point in time/space */
384 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "integer");	     break;
385 				case PM_VEL:	/* Compute plate motion speed at this point in time/space */
386 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "mm/yr");	     break;
387 				case PM_OMEGA:	/* Compute plate rotation rate omega */
388 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "degree/Myr");    break;
389 				case PM_DLAT:	/* Difference in latitude relative to where this point was formed in the model */
390 				case PM_LAT:	/* Latitude where this point was formed in the model */
391 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "degrees_north"); break;
392 				case PM_DLON:	/* Difference in longitude relative to where this point was formed in the model */
393 				case PM_LON:	/* Longitude where this point was formed in the model */
394 					strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->z_units, "degrees_east");  break;
395 			}
396 		}
397 		/* Just need on common set of x/y arrays; select G_mod[0] as our template */
398 		G = G_mod[0];
399 		GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "Evaluate %d model prediction grids based on %s\n", Ctrl->S.n_items, Ctrl->E.rot.file);
400 	}
401 	else {	/* No output grids, must have input age grid to rely on */
402 		G = G_age;
403 		if (GMT_Init_IO (API, GMT_IS_DATASET, GMT_IS_POINT, GMT_OUT, GMT_ADD_DEFAULT, 0, options) != GMT_NOERROR) {	/* Establishes data output */
404 			Return (API->error);
405 		}
406 		if ((error = GMT_Set_Columns (API, GMT_OUT, Ctrl->S.n_items + 3, GMT_COL_FIX_NO_TEXT)) != GMT_NOERROR) {
407 			Return (error);
408 		}
409 		if (GMT_Begin_IO (API, GMT_IS_DATASET, GMT_OUT, GMT_HEADER_ON) != GMT_NOERROR) {	/* Enables data output and sets access mode */
410 			Return (API->error);
411 		}
412 		if (GMT_Set_Geometry (API, GMT_OUT, GMT_IS_POINT) != GMT_NOERROR) {	/* Sets output geometry */
413 			Return (API->error);
414 		}
415 		GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "Evaluate %d model predictions based on %s\n", Ctrl->S.n_items, Ctrl->E.rot.file);
416 		out = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, Ctrl->S.n_items + 3, double);
417 		Out = gmt_new_record (GMT, out, NULL);	/* Since we only need to worry about numerics in this module */
418 	}
419 
420 	grd_x  = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, G->header->n_columns, double);
421 	grd_y  = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, G->header->n_rows, double);
422 	grd_yc = gmt_M_memory (GMT, NULL, G->header->n_rows, double);
423 	/* Precalculate node coordinates in both degrees and radians */
424 	for (row = 0; row < G->header->n_rows; row++) {
425 		grd_y[row]  = gmt_M_grd_row_to_y (GMT, row, G->header);
426 		grd_yc[row] = gmt_lat_swap (GMT, grd_y[row], GMT_LATSWAP_G2O);
427 	}
428 	for (col = 0; col < G->header->n_columns; col++) grd_x[col] = gmt_M_grd_col_to_x (GMT, col, G->header);
429 
430 	/* Loop over all nodes in the new rotated grid and find those inside the reconstructed polygon */
431 
432 
433 	if (gmt_init_distaz (GMT, 'd', GMT_GREATCIRCLE, GMT_MAP_DIST) == GMT_NOT_A_VALID_TYPE)	/* Great circle distances in degrees */
434 		Return (GMT_NOT_A_VALID_TYPE);
435 	if (Ctrl->S.center) GMT->current.io.geo.range = GMT_IS_M180_TO_P180_RANGE;	/* Need +- around 0 here */
436 
437 	gmt_M_grd_loop (GMT, G, row, col, node) {
438 		skip = false;
439 		if (Ctrl->F.active) {	/* Use the bounding polygon */
440 			for (seg = inside = 0; seg < pol->n_segments && !inside; seg++) {	/* Use degrees since function expects it */
441 				if (gmt_polygon_is_hole (GMT, pol->segment[seg])) continue;	/* Holes are handled within gmt_inonout */
442 				inside = (gmt_inonout (GMT, grd_x[col], grd_y[row], pol->segment[seg]) > GMT_OUTSIDE);
443 			}
444 			if (!inside) skip = true, n_outside++;	/* Outside the polygon(s); set all output grids to NaN for this node */
445 		}
446 		/* Get age for this node (or the constant age) */
447 		if (Ctrl->T.active)
448 			age = Ctrl->T.value;
449 		else {
450 			age = G_age->data[node];
451 			if (gmt_M_is_dnan (age)) skip = true, n_NaN++;		/* No crustal age  */
452 			else if (age > Ctrl->N.t_upper) skip = true, n_old++;	/* Outside of model range */
453 		}
454 		if (skip) {
455 			if (Ctrl->G.active) for (k = 0; k < Ctrl->S.n_items; k++) G_mod[k]->data[node] = GMT->session.f_NaN;
456 			continue;
457 		}
458 		/* Here we are inside; get the coordinates and rotate back to original grid coordinates */
459 		if ((retval = spotter_stage (GMT, age, p, n_stages)) < 0) continue;	/* Outside valid stage rotation range */
460 		stage = retval;		/* Current rotation stage */
461 		spotted = false;	/* Not yet called spotter_backtrack at this node */
462 		if (!Ctrl->G.active) {	/* Need x,y,t for rec-by-rec output */
463 			out[GMT_X] = grd_x[col];	out[GMT_Y] = grd_y[row];	out[GMT_Z] = age;
464 		}
465 		for (k = 0; k < Ctrl->S.n_items; k++) {
466 			switch (Ctrl->S.mode[k]) {
467 				case PM_AZIM:	/* Compute plate motion direction at this point in time/space */
468 					value = gmt_az_backaz (GMT, grd_x[col], grd_yc[row], p[stage].lon, p[stage].lat, false) - 90.0;
469 					gmt_lon_range_adjust (GMT->current.io.geo.range, &value);
470 					break;
471 				case PM_DIST:	/* Compute great-circle distance between node and point of origin at ridge */
472 					if (!spotted) {
473 						lon = grd_x[col] * D2R;	lat = grd_yc[row] * D2R;
474 						if (spotter_backtrack (GMT, &lon, &lat, &age, 1U, p, n_stages, 0.0, 0.0, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
475 							Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
476 						spotted = true;
477 					}
478 					value = GMT->current.proj.DIST_KM_PR_DEG * gmt_distance (GMT, grd_x[col], grd_yc[row], lon * R2D, lat * R2D);
479 					break;
480 				case PM_STAGE:	/* Compute plate rotation stage */
481 					value = stage;
482 					break;
483 				case PM_VEL:	/* Compute plate motion speed at this point in time/space */
484 					d = gmt_distance (GMT, grd_x[col], grd_yc[row], p[stage].lon, p[stage].lat);
485 					value = sind (d) * p[stage].omega * GMT->current.proj.DIST_KM_PR_DEG;	/* km/Myr or mm/yr */
486 					break;
487 				case PM_OMEGA:	/* Compute plate rotation rate omega */
488 					value = p[stage].omega;	/* degree/Myr  */
489 					break;
490 					case PM_DLON:	/* Compute latitude where this point was formed in the model */
491 					if (!spotted) {
492 						lon = grd_x[col] * D2R;	lat = grd_yc[row] * D2R;
493 						if (spotter_backtrack (GMT, &lon, &lat, &age, 1U, p, n_stages, 0.0, 0.0, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
494 							Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
495 						spotted = true;
496 					}
497 					value = grd_x[col] - lon * R2D;
498 					if (fabs (value) > 180.0) value = copysign (360.0 - fabs (value), -value);
499 					break;
500 				case PM_DLAT:	/* Compute latitude where this point was formed in the model */
501 					if (!spotted) {
502 						lon = grd_x[col] * D2R;	lat = grd_yc[row] * D2R;
503 						if (spotter_backtrack (GMT, &lon, &lat, &age, 1U, p, n_stages, 0.0, 0.0, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
504 							Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
505 						spotted = true;
506 					}
507 					value = grd_y[row] - gmt_lat_swap (GMT, lat * R2D, GMT_LATSWAP_O2G);	/* Convert back to geodetic */
508 					break;
509 				case PM_LON:	/* Compute latitude where this point was formed in the model */
510 					if (!spotted) {
511 						lon = grd_x[col] * D2R;	lat = grd_yc[row] * D2R;
512 						if (spotter_backtrack (GMT, &lon, &lat, &age, 1U, p, n_stages, 0.0, 0.0, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
513 							Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
514 						spotted = true;
515 					}
516 					value = lon * R2D;
517 					break;
518 				case PM_LAT:	/* Compute latitude where this point was formed in the model */
519 					if (!spotted) {
520 						lon = grd_x[col] * D2R;	lat = grd_yc[row] * D2R;
521 						if (spotter_backtrack (GMT, &lon, &lat, &age, 1U, p, n_stages, 0.0, 0.0, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
522 							Return (GMT_RUNTIME_ERROR);
523 						spotted = true;
524 					}
525 					value = gmt_lat_swap (GMT, lat * R2D, GMT_LATSWAP_O2G);			/* Convert back to geodetic */
526 					break;
527 			}
528 			if (Ctrl->G.active)
529 				G_mod[k]->data[node] = (gmt_grdfloat)value;
530 			else
531 				out[k+3] = value;
532 		}
533 		if (!Ctrl->G.active) GMT_Put_Record (API, GMT_WRITE_DATA, Out);
534 	}
535 
536 	if (n_outside) GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "%" PRIu64 " points fell outside the polygonal boundary\n", n_outside);
537 	if (n_old) GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "%" PRIu64 " points had ages that exceeded the limit of the rotation model\n", n_old);
538 	if (n_NaN) GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "%" PRIu64 " points had ages that were NaN\n", n_NaN);
539 	if (Ctrl->G.active) {	/* Need one or more output grids */
540 		/* Now write model prediction grid(s) */
541 		char file[PATH_MAX] = {""};
542 		for (k = 0; k < Ctrl->S.n_items; k++) {
543 			sprintf (file, Ctrl->G.file, tag[Ctrl->S.mode[k]]);
544 			GMT_Report (API, GMT_MSG_INFORMATION, "Write model prediction grid for %s (%s) to file %s\n", quantity[Ctrl->S.mode[k]], G_mod[k]->header->z_units, file);
545 			strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->x_units, "degrees_east");
546 			strcpy (G_mod[k]->header->y_units, "degrees_north");
547 			snprintf (G_mod[k]->header->remark, GMT_GRID_REMARK_LEN160, "Plate Model predictions of %s for model %s", quantity[Ctrl->S.mode[k]], Ctrl->E.rot.file);
548 			if (GMT_Set_Comment (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_COMMENT_IS_OPTION | GMT_COMMENT_IS_COMMAND, options, G_mod[k])) Return (API->error);
549 			if (GMT_Write_Data (API, GMT_IS_GRID, GMT_IS_FILE, GMT_IS_SURFACE, GMT_CONTAINER_AND_DATA, NULL, file, G_mod[k]) != GMT_NOERROR) {
550 				Return (API->error);
551 			}
552 		}
553 		gmt_M_free (GMT, G_mod);
554 	}
555 	else {
556 		if (GMT_End_IO (API, GMT_OUT, 0) != GMT_NOERROR) {	/* Disables further data output */
557 			Return (API->error);
558 		}
559 		gmt_M_free (GMT, out);
560 		gmt_M_free (GMT, Out);
561 	}
562 
563 	gmt_M_free (GMT, grd_x);
564 	gmt_M_free (GMT, grd_y);
565 	gmt_M_free (GMT, grd_yc);
566 
567 	Return (GMT_NOERROR);
568 }
569