1HEBREW.305                                                      17.04.1997
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3                  Processing Hebrew with ArabTeX Version 3.05
4                  ===========================================
5           These features are not yet described in the User Manual!
6--------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
8        To process Hebrew input with ArabTeX, you have to load the Hebrew
9        extension "hebtex.sty" that will load several additional modules.
10        After ArabTeX has been loaded, proceed as follows:
11
12        - with LaTeX2e say: \usepackage {hebtex}
13
14        - with LaTeX 2.09: add the style option "hebtex".
15
16        - for use with Plain TeX, say "\input hebtex"; ArabTeX AND the
17          Hebrew extension will be loaded.
18
19        The extension provides a language mode \sethebrew, and several
20        common encodings of texts in Hebrew, that may be switched by
21        the \setcode command. One of the encodings is compatible with
22        Dov Grobgeld's editor HED, so files prepared for HebrewTeX are
23        supposed to be compatible, including most HebrewTeX commands
24        (the Hebrew date quite probably does NOT work correctly).
25        Hebrew "newcode" encoding probably works too, but has not yet
26        been tested. In addition, the standard ArabTeX encoding has been
27        extended to cater for Hebrew too.
28
29        Language switching:
30
31        - \sethebrew switches to Hebrew mode, \setarab back to Arabic.
32          Remember to switch the encoding and the vowelization mode too!
33
34        Standard encoding:
35
36        - \setcode {standard} or \setcode {arabtex}
37          switches to the standard encoding, defined as follows:
38
39          '   aleph      b   beth        g   gimel       d   daleth
40          h   heh        w   waw         z   zayin       _h  chet
41          _t  teth       y   yod         k   kaph        l   lamed
42          m   mem        n   nun         s   samekh      `   ayin
43          p   peh        .s  sade        q   qof         r   resh
44          ,s  sin        ^s  shin        S   s(h)in      t   taw
45
46          Note: without punctuation, sin, shin and s(h)in look identical;
47          otherwise "sin" has a dot to the left, "shin" has a dot to the
48          right, "s(h)in" is the form without a dot.
49
50          There are some alternative encodings for soft consonants:
51
52          v for b        f for p
53
54        - \vocalize (default) switches on vowels and special punctuation;
55          \novocalize switches them off again.
56
57          "dagesh lene" with "bgdkpt" and "mappiq" with "h" is expressed
58          by prefixing a dot:
59          ".b", ".g", ".d", ".k", ".p", ".t"; ".h"
60
61          Vowels are encoded as follows:
62
63           short            long 	   defective       half
64           vowels           vowels         notation        vowels
65
66          a pathach        A qames                     .a chateph patach
67          e segol          E sere yod     _e sere      .e chateph segol
68          i chireq         I chireq yod                .i shewa
69          o qames chatuph  O cholem waw   _o cholem    .o chateph qames
70          u qibbus         U shureq                    .u no vowel mark
71
72          The "matres lectionis" can also be written explicitly, e.g.,
73          "_ey" for "E", "iy" for "I", "_ow" for "O"
74
75        - "patach furtivum" is written ".a" BEFORE its carrier: "rU.a_h".
76
77        - "dagesh forte" is expressed by doubling the consonant; thus two
78           equal consonants in sequence (even in \novocalize mode) must
79           be separated by some short vowel indicator (or ".u"), if the
80           standard encoding is used.
81
82        - "dagesh orthophonicum" is coded like "dagesh forte".
83
84        - "meteg"  is indicated by | after the vowel.
85
86        - "maqqef" is -- (en-dash; a single hyphen will be ignored)
87
88        - Prefixes may be separated by a single hyphen, which appears in
89          the transcription without changing the Hebrew writing.
90
91        - For those rare cases where a consonant is missing, input "|
92          (quote bar); this may also carry vowels.
93
94        - "raphe" and cantillation marks are not supported.
95
96          Abbreviations may not be used in this mode as we know of no
97          obvious way of indicating them (sorry; any ideas ?).
98
99        Other encodings:
100
101        - \setcode {hed}, \setcode {newcode} or \setcode {iso8859-8}
102          activates the verbatim reading module for the Hebrew characters
103          in code positions 128 .. 154 as generated by HED, and also
104          in code positions 224 .. 250 ("newcode", ISO 8859-8).
105
106          If this encoding is used, vowel points, dagesh and meteg cannot
107          be used as they cannot be represented in the input encoding.
108          Abbreviations may be expressed by a single or double apostrophe
109          (right quote). The final and the medial forms of characters are
110          equivalent; ArabTeX chooses the appropriate shape automatically.
111
112        - setcode {bhs} switches to the encoding used in the machine-
113          readable version of BHS. Add "bhs" as a LaTeX style option,
114          or say \input bhs.sty. The line-breaks of the source are
115          (usually) respected. BHS line numbers and comments are only
116          partially supported.
117
118        Transcription systems:
119
120        - \transtrue activates the standard ZDMG transcription, and
121          there are provisions for additional transcription systems:
122
123        - \settrans {zaw) switches to the conventions of "Zeitschrift
124          fuer die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft" (recommended);
125
126        - \settrans {gesenius} activates the system used in W. Gesenius'
127          Hebrew Grammar, 26th edition (deprecated).
128
129        - \settrans {standard} restores the standard ZDMG transcription.
130
131        Fonts:
132
133        - Presently ArabTeX provides no own Hebrew font but uses the font
134          "hclassic" which can be downloaded e.g., from
135
136             ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex/fonts
137             ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
138             ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
139
140          This font has been designed by Joel Hoffman, who also wrote some
141          macro packages from which we took a few ideas for positioning
142          punctuation.
143
144        - If no vowel points are required, the standard fonts "DeadSea",
145          "OldJaffa", TelAviv", and "Jerusalem" can also be used. They
146          are activated by the commands \ds, \oj, \ta, \jm; \hc switches
147          to the default "hclassic" font.
148
149        - The "Shalom" family of fonts is activated by \shlmold, \shlmscr,
150          and \shlmstk. Their vowel points presently do NOT work.
151
152        - In case a font is not found but locally available, check and,
153          if required, correct the exact spelling of the font name within
154          the file "Uheb.fd". There are various variants on the Net.
155
156        - Comments and bug reports are welcome.
157
158--------------------------------------------------------------------------
159            Prof. Klaus Lagally
160            Institut fuer Informatik
161            Universitaet Stuttgart
162            Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
163            D-70565 Stuttgart
164            GERMANY
165
166            lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
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168        Copyright (c) 1997, Klaus Lagally
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