This directory contains the 4.3 release of GNU Make.

See the file NEWS for the user-visible changes from previous releases.
In addition, there have been bugs fixed.

Please check the system-specific notes below for any caveats related to your
operating system.

If you are trying to build GNU make from a Git clone rather than a downloaded
source distribution, see the README.git file for instructions.

For source distribution building and installation instructions, see the file
INSTALL.

If you need to build GNU Make and have no other 'make' program to use, you can
use the shell script 'build.sh' instead.  To do this, first run 'configure' as
described in INSTALL.  Then, instead of typing 'make' to build the program,
type 'sh build.sh'.  This should compile the program in the current directory.
Then you will have a Make program that you can use for './make install', or
whatever else.

Some systems' Make programs cannot process the Makefile for GNU Make.  If you
get errors from your system's Make when building GNU Make, try using
'build.sh' instead.


GNU Make is free software.  See the file COPYING for copying conditions.
GNU Make is copyright by the Free Software Foundation.  Copyright notices
condense sequential years into a range; e.g. "1987-1994" means all years
from 1987 to 1994 inclusive.

Downloading
-----------

GNU Make can be obtained in many different ways.  See a description here:

  http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html


Documentation
-------------

GNU make is fully documented in the GNU Make manual, which is contained
in this distribution as the file make.texinfo.  You can also find
on-line and preformatted (PostScript and DVI) versions at the FSF's web
site.  There is information there about ordering hardcopy documentation.

  http://www.gnu.org/
  http://www.gnu.org/doc/doc.html
  http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html


Development
-----------

GNU Make development is hosted by Savannah, the FSF's online development
management tool.  Savannah is here:

  http://savannah.gnu.org

And the GNU Make development page is here:

  http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/make/

You can find most information concerning the development of GNU Make at
this site.


Bug Reporting
-------------

You can send GNU make bug reports to <bug-make@gnu.org>.  Please see the
section of the GNU make manual entitled 'Problems and Bugs' for
information on submitting useful and complete bug reports.

You can also use the online bug tracking system in the Savannah GNU Make
project to submit new problem reports or search for existing ones:

  http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=make

If you need help using GNU make, try these forums:

  help-make@gnu.org
  help-utils@gnu.org
  news:gnu.utils.help
  news:gnu.utils.bug


Git Access
----------

The GNU make source repository is available via Git from the GNU Savannah Git
server; look here for details:

  http://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=make

Please note: you won't be able to build GNU make from Git without installing
appropriate maintainer's tools, such as GNU m4, automake, autoconf, Perl, GNU
make, and GCC.

See the README.git file for instructions on how to build GNU make once these
tools are available.  We make no guarantees about the contents or quality of
the latest code in the Git repository: it is not unheard of for code that is
known to be broken to be checked in.  Use at your own risk.


System-specific Notes
---------------------

It has been reported that the XLC 1.2 compiler on AIX 3.2 is buggy such
that if you compile make with 'cc -O' on AIX 3.2, it will not work
correctly.  It is said that using 'cc' without '-O' does work.

The standard /bin/sh on SunOS 4.1.3_U1 and 4.1.4 is broken and cannot be
used to configure GNU make.  Please install a different shell such as
bash or pdksh in order to run "configure".  See this message for more
information:
  http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-autoconf/2003-10/msg00190.html

One area that is often a problem in configuration and porting is the code
to check the system's current load average.  To make it easier to test and
debug this code, you can do 'make check-loadavg' to see if it works
properly on your system.  (You must run 'configure' beforehand, but you
need not build Make itself to run this test.)

Another potential source of porting problems is the support for large
files (LFS) in configure for those operating systems that provide it.
Please report any bugs that you find in this area.  If you run into
difficulties, then as a workaround you should be able to disable LFS by
adding the '--disable-largefile' option to the 'configure' script.

On systems that support micro- and nano-second timestamp values and
where stat(2) provides this information, GNU make will use it when
comparing timestamps to get the most accurate possible result.  However,
note that many current implementations of tools that *set* timestamps do
not preserve micro- or nano-second granularity.  This means that "cp -p"
and other similar tools (tar, etc.) may not exactly duplicate timestamps
with micro- and nano-second granularity on some systems.  If your build
system contains rules that depend on proper behavior of tools like "cp
-p", you should consider using the .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME pseudo-target to
force make to treat them properly.  See the manual for details.


Ports
-----

  - See README.customs for details on integrating GNU make with the
    Customs distributed build environment from the Pmake distribution.

  - See README.W32 for details about GNU Make on Windows NT, 95, or 98.

  - See README.DOS for compilation instructions on MS-DOS and MS-Windows
    using DJGPP tools.

    The Cygwin project maintains its own port of GNU make.  That port may have
    patches which are not present in this version.  If you are using Cygwin
    you should use their version of GNU make, and if you have questions about
    it you should start by asking on those mailing lists and forums.

Please note there are two _separate_ ports of GNU make for Microsoft
systems: a native Windows tool built with (for example) MSVC or Cygwin,
and a DOS-based tool built with DJGPP.  Please be sure you are looking
at the right README!


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Make.

GNU Make is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.

GNU Make is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

                                                            -*-indented-text-*-

GNU make can utilize the Customs library, distributed with Pmake, to
provide builds distributed across multiple hosts.

In order to utilize this capability, you must first download and build
the Customs library.  It is contained in the Pmake distribution, which
can be obtained at:

  ftp://ftp.icsi.berkeley.edu/pub/ai/stolcke/software/

This integration was tested (superficially) with Pmake 2.1.33.


BUILDING CUSTOMS
----------------

First, build pmake and Customs.  You need to build pmake first, because
Customs require pmake to build.  Unfortunately, this is not trivial;
please see the pmake and Customs documentation for details.  The best
place to look for instructions is in the pmake-2.1.33/INSTALL file.

Note that the 2.1.33 Pmake distribution comes with a set of patches to
GNU make, distributed in the pmake-2.1.33/etc/gnumake/ directory.  These
patches are based on GNU make 3.75 (there are patches for earlier
versions of GNU make, also).  The parts of this patchfile which relate
directly to Customs support have already been incorporated into this
version of GNU make, so you should _NOT_ apply the patch file.

However, there are a few non-Customs specific (as far as I could tell)
changes here which are not incorporated (for example, the modification
to try expanding -lfoo to libfoo.so).  If you rely on these changes
you'll need to re-apply them by hand.

Install the Customs library and header files according to the
documentation.  You should also install the man pages (contrary to
comments in the documentation, they weren't installed automatically for
me; I had to cd to the 'pmake-2.1.33/doc' directory and run 'pmake
install' there directly).


BUILDING GNU MAKE
-----------------

Once you've installed Customs, you can build GNU make to use it.  When
configuring GNU make, merely use the '--with-customs=DIR' option.
Provide the directory containing the 'lib' and 'include/customs'
subdirectories as DIR.  For example, if you installed the customs
library in /usr/local/lib and the headers in /usr/local/include/customs,
then you'd pass '--with-customs=/usr/local' as an option to configure.

Run make (or use build.sh) normally to build GNU make as described in
the INSTALL file.

See the documentation for Customs for information on starting and
configuring Customs.


INVOKING CUSTOMS-IZED GNU MAKE
-----------------------------

One thing you should be aware of is that the default build environment
for Customs requires root permissions.  Practically, this means that GNU
make must be installed setuid root to use Customs.

If you don't want to do this, you can build Customs such that root
permissions are not necessary.  Andreas Stolcke <stolcke@speech.sri.com>
writes:

 > pmake, gnumake or any other customs client program is not required to
 > be suid root if customs was compiled WITHOUT the USE_RESERVED_PORTS
 > option in customs/config.h.  Make sure the "customs" service in
 > /etc/services is defined accordingly (port 8231 instead of 1001).

 > Not using USE_RESERVED_PORTS means that a user with programming
 > skills could impersonate another user by writing a fake customs
 > client that pretends to be someone other than himself.  See the
 > discussion in etc/SECURITY.


PROBLEMS
--------

SunOS 4.1.x:
  The customs/sprite.h header file #includes the <malloc.h> header
  files; this conflicts with GNU make's configuration so you'll get a
  compile error if you use GCC (or any other ANSI-capable C compiler).

  I commented out the #include in sprite.h:107:

    #if defined(sun) || defined(ultrix) || defined(hpux) || defined(sgi)
    /* #include <malloc.h> */
    #else

  YMMV.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Make.

GNU Make is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.

GNU Make is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

See the file NEWS-remake.md for the user-visible changes

There is a lot of room for improvement. But since it's only been me working on this, this will have to do.

Although there are a number of gaps the debugger is very usable -- at least for me. It passes the standard GNU Make regression tests, and I
have now added tests for the debugger. For that you need RSpec (a Ruby "gem").

Documentation for the revised GNU Make Debugger is in the doc directory under the name "remake". The wiki https://github.com/rocky/remake/wiki contains other information.