1 This is the on line help for ved. It contains a summary of 2 the content of the ved man page. 3 4 You may modify the content of the edit buffer but you are 5 not allowed to write it back. 6 7 To step through this file, you may use the ved cursor move- 8 ment commands: 9 10 ^N to move the cursor down one line 11 12 ^P to move the cursor up one line 13 14 <ESC>^N 15 to move the cursor to the beginning of the next para- 16 graph 17 18 <ESC>^P 19 to move the cursor to the beginning of the previous 20 paragraph 21 22 <ESC>n 23 to move the cursor down one page 24 25 <ESC>p 26 to move the cursor up one page 27 28 The notation ^N represents control-N (press and hold down 29 the control key then the key N). All descriptions use upper 30 case charactersm but you don't need to press the shift key 31 in addition. 32 33 The notation <ESC>n represents escape-n (press the escape 34 key, then press - as a separate keystroke - the key n). 35 36The following table summarizes all ved commands: 37 38Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 39Label set mark first set mark first 40 41|<- A start of line start of para start of line start of para 42F2 B go to beginning go to bottom go to beginning go to bottom 43F1 C exit [+save file] save file buffer ~ ~ 44F3 D delete char delete words ~ ~ 45->| E end of line end of para end of line end of para 46-> F forward char forward word forward char forward word 47F11 G get file change file edit macro file ~ 48<- H back char back word back char back word 49TAB I tab ~ tab ~ 50NL J insert new line ~ jump to mark switch mark 51 and cursor 52F4 K kill line kill para kill selection ~ 53 L re-display adjust window curr line -> top ~ 54CR M insert new line change modes sets mark ~ 55v N down line down para down line down para 56F5 O open line ~ open line ~ 57^ P up line up para up line up para 58 Q XON ~ ~ ~ 59F9 R forward search reverse search forward search reverse search 60 S XOFF ~ ~ ~ 61F6 T save line save para save selection ~ 62 into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf 63 U multiply mult=# ~ ~ 64F7 V paste paste and replace select replace select 65 clear paste buf with paste buf clear paste buf 66F12 W write file write paste buf write selection ~ 67 X XTD execute buf exec selection ~ 68 Y save char save word ~ ~ 69 into paste buf into paste buf 70F10 Z re-search reverse re-srch re-srch reverse re-srch 71 @ where from where from where mark where mark 72 top bot from top from bot 73ESC [ ESC ~ ALT ESC ~ 74 ] ALT ALT ESC goto tag pop tag stack 75F8 \ chng paste buf clr paste buf ~ ~ 76 ^ quote char quote to 8 bit quote to 8bit ctl quote hex 77 _ undo delete ~ clear mark ~ 78DEL DEL erase char erase word ~ ~ 79 80 81 XTD commands: 82Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 83Label set mark first set mark first 84 85 H help ~ ~ ~ 86 X execute cmd ~ ~ ~ 87 Z suspend ~ ~ ~ 88 89 90Special Escape commands: 91 ESC # Set mult to # for next command. (# is any number) 92 ESC % Search matching parenthesis. 93 ESC * Call temporary macro. 94 ESC : Introduce colon command. 95 ESC n Next Page. 96 ESC p Previous Page. 97 ALT ESC n Set Mark then next Page. 98 ALT ESC p Set Mark then previous Page. 99 100Colon commands: 101 backup Backup file (same as ESC ^C) 102 bind Print or set command bindings 103 help Print colon command help 104 macro Set temporary macro 105 map Set/view mappings 106 next Switch to next file 107 prev Switch to previous file 108 quit Quit editor (same as ^C) 109 set Set parameters 110 substitute Substitute pattern 111 tag Go to named tag 112 vhelp Edit the online help file 113 114Colon set commands: 115* autoindent Set autoindent mode. 116 linelen Set line length to arg. 117* magic Set magic search mode 118* markwrap Mark wrapping lines 119 optline Set optimal line number to arg. 120 pmargin Set page margin for scrolling to arg. 121 psize Set page length to arg. 122 tabstop Set tab width to arg. 123 taglength Set number of significant chars for tag search to arg. 124 tags Set tag file search path to arg. 125 wrapmargin Set wrap margin for auto new line to arg. 126 127Commands marked with an asterix are boolean. They may be set to 128false by prepending a no to the name. 129 130THE STATUS LINE 131 The first (top) line of the screen is reserved for ved 132 status information. The status line is divided into five 133 fields. The fields are (from left to right): 134 135 Info/Input 136 The first field is used to display informational mes- 137 sages and to fetch additional input that is required 138 for some commands. Each command that needs confirma- 139 tion requests input from this field. The size of this 140 field defaults to 1/4th of the length of a line. It 141 may use more if needed. 142 143 Number 144 The second field contains the current multiplier for 145 the next command. The current multiplier is reset to 1 146 after each command, it may be set to a different value 147 by the user (See NUMBERS section below). This multi- 148 plier will be referred to as number in the following 149 text. The size of this field is fixed to 1/8th of the 150 length of a line. 151 152 Takebuf 153 The third field contains is the name of the actual take 154 buffer. The name of this buffer defaults to default on 155 startup. It may be changed by the user. The size of 156 this field is fixed to 1/4th of the length of a line. 157 158 Filename 159 The fourth field usually displays the current filename. 160 The size of this field defaults to 1/4th of the length 161 of a line. It may use up more if needed and no error 162 text is displayed. It may be hidden for some time if a 163 long error message is displayed. 164 165 Error text 166 The fifth field is used to display all error messages 167 and warnings. The size of this field defaults to 1/4th 168 of the length of a line. If needed, it may use the 169 space of the filename field too. 170 171BASIC COMMAND FORMAT 172 Ved does not distinguish between command mode and insert 173 mode. All non control characters are treated as input 174 (which should be inserted into the file buffer) unless they 175 are prefixed by some commands that need arguments. 176 177 All basic ved commands are control characters or escape 178 sequences. To enter a control character, use the control 179 key like the shift key together with a character key; to 180 enter an escape sequence, press the <ESC> key followed by 181 another key. 182 183 In the following description, ^ represents the control key 184 and <ESC> the escape key (which is identical to pressing 185 ^[). <ALT> has a similar usage as <ESC> but different mean- 186 ing in ved and represents the combination ^]. The combina- 187 tion ^char is a single keystroke, while <ESC>char or 188 <ALT>char are two keystrokes. If the command takes an argu- 189 ment, the argument is terminated with a carriage return 190 <CR>. 191 192 A command may be modified in four ways: 193 194 Escape commands 195 Typing the <ESC> key (or ^[) before the command will 196 modify it to an alternate form, usually a related func- 197 tion. 198 199 Alt commands 200 Typing the ALT key ( ^] ) before the command, inserts a 201 mark (with a few exceptions) in the text usually at the 202 current cursor position. You can precede any command 203 that moves the cursor with the ALT key and ved sets the 204 mark before moving the cursor. 205 206 Extended commands 207 Typing a ^X before another command enters the extended 208 mode. The extended mode just enters another level of 209 commands. 210 211 Multiplied execution 212 Numbers that are entered by typing <ESC>#<CR> (# 213 represents a positive number) will set the multiplier 214 to that number and display it in the status line of 215 ved. If a number greater than one is entered before a 216 command, that command is usually repeated number times. 217 Exceptions are some cursor movement commands where dif- 218 ferent functions will be executed number times instead 219 of repeating the visible basic functionality of the 220 command. 221 222CURSOR MOVEMENT 223 Like every editor, ved has a typing point, called cursor, 224 which is indicated by the (in most cases) flashing bar or 225 box (depending on your terminal/window type) on your screen. 226 The cursor indicates the point within the file buffer where 227 the typed characters are going to. It is your current place 228 in the file buffer. The commands that move the cursor 229 within the file buffer are explained in this section. 230 231 Cursor movement command overview: 232 233Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 234Label set mark first set mark first 235 236|<- A start of line start of para start of line start of para 237F2 B go to beginning go to bottom go to beginning go to bottom 238->| E end of line end of para end of line end of para 239-> F forward char forward word forward char forward word 240<- H back char back word back char back word 241v N down line down para down line down para 242^ P up line up para up line up para 243 244 Cursor movement commands in detail: 245 246 ^A moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line. 247 If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not 248 move. 249 250 If number is greater than one, ^A moves the cursor that 251 number of characters from the beginning of the current 252 line. 253 254 <ESC>^A 255 moves the cursor to the beginning of the current para- 256 graph. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it 257 will not move. 258 259 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^A moves the cursor 260 that number of words from the beginning of the current 261 paragraph. 262 263 <ALT>^A 264 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 265 moving the cursor to the beginning of the current line. 266 If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not 267 move, but ved will still inserts the mark. 268 269 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^A inserts the 270 mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters 271 from the beginning of the current line. 272 273 <ALT><ESC>^A 274 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 275 moving the cursor to the beginning of the current para- 276 graph. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it 277 will not move, but ved will still inserts the mark. 278 279 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^A inserts the 280 mark, then moves the cursor that number of words from 281 the beginning of the current paragraph. 282 283 ^B moves the cursor to the beginning of the file. If the 284 cursor is already at the beginning of the file, it will 285 not move. 286 287 If number is greater than one, ^B moves the cursor that 288 number of lines from the beginning of the file. 289 290 <ESC>^B 291 moves the cursor to the end of the file. If the cursor 292 is already at the end of the file, it will not move. 293 294 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^B moves the cursor 295 that number of lines from the end of the file. 296 297 <ALT>^B 298 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 299 moving the cursor to the beginning of the file. If the 300 cursor is already at the beginning of the file, it will 301 not move, but ved still inserts the mark. 302 303 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^B inserts the 304 mark, then moves the cursor that number of lines from 305 the beginning of the file. 306 307 <ALT><ESC>^B 308 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 309 moving the cursor to the end of the file. If the cursor 310 is already at the end of the file, it will not move, 311 but ved still inserts the mark. 312 313 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^B inserts the 314 mark, then moves the cursor that number of lines from 315 the end of the file. 316 317 ^E moves the cursor to the end of the current line. If the 318 cursor is already at the end of the line, it will not 319 move. The last character on the line is the invisible 320 ASCII newline character NL; when the cursor is at the 321 end of the line, it is not on a visible character. 322 323 If number is greater than one, ^E moves the cursor that 324 number of characters from the end of the current line. 325 326 <ESC>^E 327 moves the cursor to the end of the current paragraph. 328 If the cursor is already at the end, it will not move. 329 330 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^E moves the cursor 331 that number of words from the end of the current para- 332 graph. 333 334 <ALT>^E 335 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 336 moving the cursor to the end of the current line. If 337 the cursor is already at the end of the line, it will 338 not move, but ved still inserts the mark. 339 340 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^E inserts the 341 mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters 342 from the end of the current line. 343 344 <ALT><ESC>^E 345 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 346 moving the cursor to the end of the current paragraph. 347 If the cursor is already at the end of the paragraph, 348 it will not move, but ved still inserts the mark. 349 350 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^E inserts the 351 mark, then moves the cursor that number of words from 352 the end of the current paragraph. 353 354 ^F moves the cursor one character position to the right. 355 356 If number is greater than one, ^F moves the cursor that 357 number of characters to the right. 358 359 Depending on the cursor position, with or without 360 number being greater than one, ^F could move the cursor 361 down to the next line. If the cursor is at the end of 362 the line, the cursor will move to the first position of 363 the next line. 364 365 <ESC>^F 366 moves the cursor forward to the first letter of the 367 next word. 368 369 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^F moves the cursor 370 forward that number of words. 371 372 Depending on the current cursor position and the value 373 of number, <ESC>^F might move the cursor down one or 374 more lines. 375 376 <ALT>^F 377 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 378 moving the cursor one character to the right. 379 380 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^F inserts the 381 mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters 382 to the right. 383 384 <ALT><ESC>^F 385 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 386 moving the cursor to the first letter of the next word. 387 388 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^F inserts the 389 mark, then moves the cursor that number of words to the 390 right. 391 392 ^H moves the cursor one character position to the left. 393 394 If number is greater than one, ^H moves the cursor that 395 number of characters to the left. 396 397 Depending on the cursor position, ^H, with or without 398 number being greater than one, could move the cursor up 399 to the previous line. If the cursor is at the beginning 400 of the line when you press ^H, the cursor will move to 401 the last position of the previous line. 402 403 <ESC>^H 404 moves the cursor to the first letter of the word just 405 prior to its current position. 406 407 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^H moves the cursor 408 that number of words backwards. Depending on the 409 current cursor position and the value of number, the 410 cursor may move up one or more lines. 411 412 <ALT>^H 413 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 414 moving the cursor one character position to the left. 415 416 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^H inserts the 417 mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters 418 to the left. 419 420 <ALT><ESC>^H 421 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 422 moving the cursor to the first letter of the previous 423 word. 424 425 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^H inserts the 426 mark, then moves the cursor that number of words to the 427 left. 428 429 ^N moves the cursor down one line while maintaining its 430 horizontal position. If the cursor is on the last char- 431 acter of the last line when you press ^N, the cursor 432 will not move and you will hear a beep. 433 434 If number is greater than one, ^N moves the cursor down 435 that number of lines. If number is greater than the 436 number lines remaining in the file, the cursor will 437 stop moving at the end of the file. 438 439 <ESC>^N 440 moves the cursor to the beginning of the next para- 441 graph. 442 443 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^N moves the cursor 444 down that number of paragraphs. 445 446 <ALT>^N 447 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 448 moving the cursor down one line. Note that the cursor 449 maintains its horizontal position on the line; i.e., if 450 the cursor was on the fifth character of the line when 451 you pressed <ALT>^N, it will move to the fifth charac- 452 ter of the line below. 453 454 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^N inserts the 455 mark, then moves the cursor down that number of lines. 456 457 <ALT><ESC>^N 458 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 459 moving the cursor to the beginning of the next para- 460 graph. 461 462 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^N first 463 inserts the mark, then moves the cursor down that 464 number of paragraphs. 465 466 ^P moves the cursor up one line while maintaining its hor- 467 izontal position. If the cursor is on the first line of 468 the file when you press ^P, the cursor will not move 469 and you will hear a beep. 470 471 If number is greater than one, ^P moves the cursor up 472 that number of lines. If number is greater than the 473 number of lines between the cursor and the beginning of 474 the file, the cursor will stop moving at the beginning 475 of the file. 476 477 <ESC>^P 478 moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous para- 479 graph. 480 481 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^P moves the cursor 482 that number of paragraphs prior to the cursor's posi- 483 tion. 484 485 <ALT>^P 486 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 487 moving the cursor up one line. Note that the cursor 488 maintains its horizontal position on the line; i.e., if 489 the cursor was on the fifth character of the line when 490 you pressed <ALT>^P, it will move to the fifth charac- 491 ter of the line above. 492 493 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^P inserts the 494 mark, then moves the cursor up that number of lines. 495 496 <ALT><ESC>^P 497 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 498 moving the cursor to the beginning of the previous 499 paragraph. 500 501 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^P first 502 inserts the mark, then moves the cursor up that number 503 of paragraphs prior to its current position. 504 505ADDITION/DELETION 506 All additions are always made at the place where the visible 507 cursor is. 508 509 All deletions are saved in two buffers: the forward delete 510 buffer and the backwards delete buffer. The characters in 511 the backward delete buffer are saved in reverse order to 512 allow to reinsert them in the correct order. As long as you 513 don't move the cursor and start deleting new text, the con- 514 tent of both, the forward and the backwards delete buffer 515 may be reinserted with the undo delete command. This allows 516 you to move text by deleting it and reinserting it after you 517 moved the cursor to another position in the file 518 519 Addition/Deletion command overview: 520 521Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 522Label set mark first set mark first 523 524F3 D delete char delete words ~ ~ 525TAB I tab ~ tab ~ 526NL J insert new line ~ jump to mark switch mark 527 and cursor 528F4 K kill line kill para kill selection ~ 529CR M insert new line change modes sets mark ~ 530F5 O open line ~ open line ~ 531 _ undo delete ~ clear mark ~ 532DEL DEL erase char erase word ~ ~ 533 534 Addition/Deletion commands in detail: 535 536 ^D erases the character at the cursor position. 537 538 If number is greater than one, ^D erases that number of 539 characters to the right of the cursor. 540 541 <ESC>^D 542 erases the next word. A word is defined from the 543 current cursor position to the next blank or carriage 544 return. 545 546 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^D erases that 547 number of words to the right of the cursor. 548 549 ^I inserts a TAB character. 550 551 If number is greater than one, ^I inserts that number 552 of TAB characters. 553 554 <ALT>^I 555 inserts the mark at the current cursor position before 556 inserting a TAB character. 557 558 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^I inserts the 559 mark, then inserts that number of TAB characters. 560 561 ^J inserts a new line at the current cursor position and 562 moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. 563 564 If number is greater than one, ^J inserts that number 565 of new lines. 566 567 ^K erases the current line. If the cursor is located at 568 the beginning of the line, the entire line is erased, 569 including the carriage return at the end of the line. 570 If the cursor is located between the beginning and end 571 of the line, everything right of the cursor is erased, 572 including the carriage return at the end of the line. 573 You can use ^K to erase blank lines. 574 575 If number is greater than one, ^K erases that number of 576 lines from the current cursor position. 577 578 <ESC>^K 579 erases from the current cursor position to the end of 580 the paragraph. The end of a paragraph is indicated by 581 two successive carriage returns--one at the end of the 582 last line and one on the blank line that follows the 583 paragraph. 584 585 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^K erases that 586 number of paragraphs. 587 588 <ALT>^K 589 erases text between the mark and the current cursor 590 position. For instance, if the mark is in the middle of 591 the file and the cursor is at the end, the last half of 592 the file will be erased. 593 594 ^M inserts a new line at the current cursor position and 595 moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. 596 597 If number is greater than one, ^M inserts that number 598 of new lines. 599 600 ^O inserts a new line at the current cursor position, but 601 does not move the cursor. Any text to the right of the 602 cursor moves down to start a new line. 603 604 If number is greater than one, ^O inserts that number 605 of new lines without moving the cursor. 606 607 <ALT>^O 608 inserts a new line without moving the cursor. It 609 inserts the mark at the beginning of the next (new) 610 line. 611 612 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^O inserts that 613 number of new lines without moving the cursor. It 614 inserts the mark after the last new line. 615 616 ^DELETE 617 erases the character to the left of the cursor. This 618 acts the same as using the DELETE key alone. 619 620 If number is greater than one, ^DELETE erases that 621 number of characters to the left of the cursor. 622 623 <ESC>^DELETE 624 erases the word to the left of the cursor. This acts 625 the same as using ^DELETE. 626 627 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^DELETE erases that 628 number of words to the left of the cursor. 629 630 ^_ reinserts the last deletion. The content of the forward 631 and backward delete buffer is cleared after reinserting 632 the deleted text. 633 634 <ALT>^_ 635 erases the mark. 636 637CUT/PASTE 638 These commands deal with the 'take' buffers. You can have up 639 to 32 take buffers, each named as you choose when you use it 640 for the first time. The name appears on the status (top) 641 line of the terminal screen following \:. The default take 642 buffer is "default". 643 644 Cut/Paste command overview: 645 646Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 647Label set mark first set mark first 648 649 T save line save para save selection ~ 650 into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf 651F7 V paste paste and replace select replace select 652 clear paste buf with paste buf clear paste buf 653 Y save char save word ~ ~ 654 into paste buf into paste buf 655F8 \ chng paste buf clr paste buf ~ ~ 656 657 Cut/Paste commands in detail: 658 659 ^T removes a line from the file and puts it in the current 660 take buffer. The line is defined from the current cur- 661 sor position to the next carriage return. 662 663 If number is greater than one, ^T removes that number 664 of lines from the file and puts them in the current 665 take buffer. 666 667 <ESC>^T 668 removes a paragraph from the file and puts it in the 669 current take buffer. A paragraph is defined from the 670 current cursor position to two successive carriage 671 returns--one at the end of the last line and one on the 672 blank line that follows the paragraph. 673 674 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^T removes that 675 number of paragraphs from the file and puts them in the 676 current take buffer. 677 678 <ALT>^T 679 removes the selection (what lies between the mark and 680 the cursor) and puts it in the current take buffer. 681 682 ^V pastes the contents of the current take buffer into the 683 file at the current cursor position. The take buffer 684 will still contain a copy of the text. 685 686 <ESC>^V 687 pastes and clears the contents of the current take 688 buffer into the file at the current cursor position. 689 The take buffer will be empty. 690 691 <ALT>^V 692 replaces the selection (what lies between the mark and 693 the cursor) with whatever is in the current take 694 buffer. The old content of the selection is lost. The 695 take buffer will still contain a copy of the text. 696 697 <ALT><ESC>^V 698 replaces the selection (what lies between the mark and 699 the cursor) with whatever is in the current take buffer 700 and clears the take buffer. The old content of the 701 selection is lost. The take buffer will be empty. 702 703 ^Y removes a character from the file and puts it in the 704 current take buffer. The character at the current cur- 705 sor position is the one taken. 706 707 If number is greater than one, ^Y takes that number of 708 characters and puts them in the current buffer. 709 710 <ESC>^Y 711 removes a word from the file and puts it in the current 712 take buffer. A word consists of any characters from the 713 current cursor position up to the next blank or car- 714 riage return. 715 716 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^Y takes that 717 number of words and puts them in the current buffer. 718 719 ^\ changes the current take buffer. 720 721 On the information line you will see the Take Buffer: 722 prompt. Type a take buffer name and press the RETURN 723 key. 724 725 If you type a new name, a new take buffer is created. 726 If you type a name you have already used during the 727 current editing session, you can reuse that take 728 buffer. The take buffer name is always displayed on 729 the information line. 730 731 <ESC>^\ 732 clears any text out of the current take buffer. On the 733 information line you will see the Buffer cleared mes- 734 sage. 735 736SEARCH 737 Search command overview: 738 739Key CTRL ESC CTRL ALT ALT ESC 740Label set mark first set mark first 741 742F9 R forward search reverse search forward search reverse search 743F10 Z re-search reverse re-srch re-srch reverse re-srch 744 745 Search commands in detail: 746 747 ^R searches forward in a file for the specified text 748 string. 749 750 On the information line you will see the +Search: 751 prompt. Type the string you want to find. If the string 752 exists between the cursor's current position and the 753 end of the file, ved moves the cursor to that location. 754 If ved can not find the specified string, the cursor 755 does not move and you will hear a beep. 756 757 If number is greater than one, ^R finds that numbered 758 occurrence of the string. 759 760 <ESC>^R 761 searches backwards in a file for the specified text 762 string. 763 764 On the information line you will see the - Search: 765 prompt. Type the string you want to find. If the string 766 exists between the cursor's current position and the 767 beginning of the file, ved moves the cursor to that 768 location. If ved can not find the string, the cursor 769 does not move and you will hear a beep. 770 771 If number is greater than one, <ESC>^R finds that num- 772 bered occurrence of the string. 773 774 <ALT>^R 775 searches forward in a file for the specified text 776 string. 777 778 On the information line you will see the +Search: 779 prompt. Type the string you want to find. When (and if) 780 found, the mark is inserted at the beginning of the 781 string and the cursor moves to the end of the string; 782 the string is then considered selected. If ved can not 783 find the string, the cursor does not move, no mark is 784 inserted, and you will hear a beep. 785 786 If number is greater than one, <ALT>^R finds that num- 787 bered occurrence of the string. 788 789 <ALT><ESC>^R 790 searches backwards in a file for the specified text 791 string. 792 793 On the information line you will see the - Search: 794 prompt. Type the string you want to find. When found, 795 the mark is inserted at the beginning of the search 796 string and the cursor moves to the end of the string; 797 the string is then considered selected. If ved can not 798 find the string, the cursor does not move, no mark is 799 inserted, and you will hear a beep. 800 801 If number is greater than one, <ALT><ESC>^R finds that 802 numbered occurrence of the string. 803 804 ^Z re-searches for the last text string you asked to for 805 with the ^R, <ESC>^R, <ALT>^R, or <ALT><ESC>^R command. 806 If you already found one occurrence of the text string, 807 ^Z will find the next occurrence. If ved can not find 808 another occurrence, the cursor does not move and you 809 will hear a beep. 810 811 If number is greater than one, instance, ^Z finds that 812 numbered occurrence of the string. 813 814 <ESC>^Z 815 reverses direction and re-searches for the last text 816 string you asked for with the ^R, <ESC>^R, <ALT>^R, or 817 <ALT><ESC>^R command. If you already found one 818 occurrence of the text string, <ESC>^Z will find the 819 next, or previous, occurrence, depending on which your 820 direction. For instance, if the original command was 821 ^R, <ESC>^Z will find the previous occurrence. If ved 822 can not find another occurrence, the cursor does not 823 move and you will hear a beep. 824 825 If number is greater than one, instance, <ESC>^Z finds 826 that numbered occurrence of the string. 827 828 <ALT>^Z 829 re-searches for the last text string you asked for with 830 the ^R, <ESC>^R, <ALT>^R, or <ALT><ESC>^R command. If 831 you already found one occurrence of the text string, 832 <ALT>^Z will find the next occurrence, set the mark at 833 the beginning of it, and move the cursor to the end of 834 it. This occurrence of the string is then considered 835 selected. If ved can not find another occurrence, the 836 cursor does not move, no mark is inserted, and you will 837 hear a beep. 838 839 If number is greater than one, instance, <ALT>^Z finds 840 that numbered occurrence of the search string, with the 841 numbering beginning from the current cursor position. 842 For instance, if number is 4, the next three 843 occurrences are skipped and the mark is inserted at the 844 beginning of the fourth occurrence of the string. This 845 happens regardless of how many occurrences of the 846 string have already been located, unless there are not 847 that many occurrences of the string in the file. 848 849 <ALT><ESC>^Z 850 reverses direction and re-searches for the last text 851 string you asked for with the ^R, <ESC>^R, <ALT>^R, or 852 <ALT><ESC>^R command. If you already found one 853 occurrence of the text string, <ALT><ESC>^Z will find 854 the next, or previous, occurrence, depending on your 855 direction. For instance, if the original command was 856 ^R, <ALT><ESC>^Z will find the previous occurrence, set 857 the mark at the beginning of it, and move the cursor to 858 the end of it. This occurrence of the search string is 859 then considered selected. 860 861 If number is greater than one, instance, <ALT><ESC>^Z 862 finds that numbered occurrence of the search string, 863 with the numbering beginning from the current cursor 864 position. 865 866EXITING/PUTTING 867 ^C The QUIT command ends the editing session. 868 869 On the information line you will see the QUITTING. PUT 870 EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt. 871 872 Type Y if you want to save the changes made during 873 this editing session by creating a backup file 874 and creating a new file that holds the modified 875 content. The backup process is done the fol- 876 lowing way: 877 878 The current backup file (if there is one) 879 (called filename.bak) is deleted, the current 880 file is renamed to filename.bak, and a version 881 of the file containing the latest changes 882 becomes filename. If there is no filename.bak, 883 filename becomes filename.bak. 884 885 Type W if you want to save the changes made during 886 this editing session by directly writing the 887 new content into the old file. 888 889 Type F if you want to forcibly save the changes made 890 during this editing session. This command 891 works similar to the Y command, but ved will 892 ignore the state of the -readonly flag and the 893 access rights of the file. The latter will 894 allow you to write into files without write 895 permissions if you are super user. For execp- 896 tions on this rule, see description of the - 897 readonly flag. 898 899 Type ! if you want to forcibly save the changes made 900 during this editing session by directly writing 901 the new content into the old file. 902 903 Type N if you want to end the session but don't want 904 to save the changes. 905 906 If you don't want to end the session, type anything 907 except Y, W, F, ! or N. 908 909 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 910 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 911 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 912 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 913 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 914 ferent file name. 915 916 <ESC>^C 917 The BACKUP command backs up the current file. 918 919 On the information line you will see the 920 BACKUP?(Y/W/N/F/!) prompt. 921 922 If you enter one of the expected answers ( Y, W, ! or 923 N) The same actions as with the QUIT command are per- 924 formed except that the controls stays inside ved after 925 the backup command has completed. 926 927 ^X^H calls on-line help. 928 929 On the information line you will see the HELP(Y?) 930 prompt. To continue editing (and abort this command), 931 type N. To see the help file, type Y. 932 933 ^X^Z suspends the current editing session. 934 935 On the information line you will see the SUSPENDING. 936 PUT EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt. 937 938 Type Y if you want the file to be backuped and updated 939 before suspending ved. See the QUIT command 940 for a description of the backup process. 941 942 Type W if you want the the file to be updated in place 943 before suspending ved. 944 945 Type F if you want file to be forcibly updated before 946 suspending ved. This command works similar to 947 the Y command, but ved will ignore the state of 948 the -readonly flag and the access rights of the 949 file. The latter will allow you to write into 950 files without write permissions if you are 951 super user. For execptions on this rule, see 952 description of the -readonly flag. 953 954 Type ! if you want file to be forcibly updated in 955 place before suspending ved. 956 957 Type N if you want to suspend ved but don't want to 958 save the changes before. 959 960 If you don't want to suspend ved, type anything except 961 Y, W, F, ! or N. 962 963 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 964 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 965 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 966 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 967 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 968 ferent file name. 969 970 When you are ready to continue editing, use the fg or 971 resume command of your shell. You will return to the 972 editing session. The cursor will be in the same place 973 it was when you suspended the session, regardless of 974 whether or not you saved your edits. 975 976FILE COMMANDS 977 ^G lets you insert another file at the current cursor 978 position. 979 980 On the information line you will see the Get from: 981 prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. 982 983 You can insert files from the current working directory 984 or from other directories (as long as you use a valid 985 path name). The path name is subject of filename glob- 986 bing by your shell (e.g. wild cards are working as long 987 as they expand to exactly one filename). 988 989 <ESC>^G 990 exits the current file and enters another file. 991 992 On the information line you will see the Change to: 993 prompt. Type the name of the file you wish to edit and 994 press the RETURN key. 995 996 If the old file was modified, you will see the CHANGING 997 TO: filename. PUT EDITS?(Y/W/N/F/!) prompt; if you 998 want to save and backup the edits in the current file. 999 1000 Type Y if you want the file to be backuped and updated 1001 before changing the file. See the QUIT command 1002 for a description of the backup process. 1003 1004 Type W if you want the the file to be updated in place 1005 before changing the file. 1006 1007 Type F if you want file to be forcibly updated before 1008 changing the file. This command works similar 1009 to the Y command, but ved will ignore the state 1010 of the -readonly flag and the access rights of 1011 the file. The latter will allow you to write 1012 into files without write permissions if you are 1013 super user. For execptions on this rule, see 1014 description of the -readonly flag. 1015 1016 Type ! if you want file to be forcibly updated in 1017 place before changing the file. 1018 1019 Type N if you want to change the file but don't want 1020 to save the changes before. 1021 1022 If you don't want to change the edited file, type any- 1023 thing except Y, W, F, ! or N. 1024 1025 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 1026 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 1027 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 1028 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 1029 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 1030 ferent file name. 1031 1032 ^W writes a copy of the file you are editing to the file 1033 you specify. 1034 1035 On the information line you will see the Write to: 1036 prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If 1037 the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the 1038 file does not exist, it is created. 1039 1040 <ESC>^W 1041 writes the contents of the current take buffer to the 1042 file you specify. 1043 1044 On the information line you will see the \ to file: 1045 prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If 1046 the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the 1047 file does not exist, it is created. The take buffer 1048 contents will remain intact. 1049 1050 <ALT>^W 1051 writes a copy of the selection (what lies between the 1052 mark and the cursor) to the file you specify. 1053 1054 On the information line you will see the Sel to: 1055 prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If 1056 the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the 1057 file does not exist, it is created. 1058 1059NUMBERS 1060 <ESC>#<CR> 1061 To enter a multiplier that only works for the next com- 1062 mand, type <ESC>, enter a number and then press the 1063 RETURN key. If you entered a number by mistake, simply 1064 enter <ESC>1<CR> to reset the number to it's default 1065 value. 1066 1067 ^U multiplies number by the multiplier. The default multi- 1068 plier is 4. Each time you press ^U number changes to 1069 the next multiple of 4 (16, 16, 64, and so on). 1070 1071 <ESC>^U 1072 changes the multiplier. 1073 1074 The default multiplier is 4. If you want to multiply 1075 number by a different value, use <ESC>^U. On the 1076 information line you will see the Mult = prompt. Type a 1077 number and press the RETURN key. 1078 1079MISCELLANEOUS 1080 <ALT>^G 1081 lets you edit your editing macro file called .vedmac 1082 (which is located in your $HOME directory). It is the 1083 same as if you used ^X^X to execute a new ved and 1084 answered N to the put question. When you are through 1085 editing .vedmac, press ^C to continue editing the file 1086 you were in when you issued the <ALT>^G command; you 1087 will be asked whether or not you want to put the edits 1088 from .vedmac before you return to the original file. 1089 1090 <ALT>^J 1091 moves the cursor to the mark. 1092 1093 The current cursor position determines whether this is 1094 a forward or backward movement. For instance, if the 1095 mark is in the middle of the file and the cursor is at 1096 the beginning, its a forward movement; if the cursor is 1097 at the end, its a backward movement. 1098 1099 <ALT><ESC>^J 1100 switches the cursor and the mark. 1101 1102 ^L redisplays the current screenful of text. This is use- 1103 ful after a message has been sent to your terminal 1104 which may have overwritten some of the text. 1105 1106 <ESC>^L 1107 adjusts the text displayed on the terminal screen so 1108 that the line the cursor is on becomes the optimum line 1109 on the screen. This usually is the center line of the 1110 display but it may be changed using the <ESC>:set opt- 1111 line # <CR> command. This may involve displaying dif- 1112 ferent text, depending on where the cursor is when you 1113 use this command. 1114 1115 <ALT>^L 1116 Adjusts the current Line of the Cursor to be the first 1117 Line on Screen. 1118 1119 <ESC>^M 1120 changes modes. 1121 1122 On the information line you will see the Mode?(ORV8) 1123 prompt. Type 1124 1125 D to enable or disable DOS mode. 1126 1127 V for visible mode. 1128 1129 O for overstrike mode. 1130 1131 8 to enable or disable raw8 mode. 1132 1133 R to reset back to default mode. 1134 1135 <CR> to list the current mode settings. 1136 1137 If you type anything else, you will abort the command. 1138 1139 <ALT>^M 1140 sets a mark at the current cursor position. 1141 1142 <ESC>n 1143 displays the next Page of file. 1144 1145 <ESC>p 1146 displays the previous Page of file. 1147 1148 <ALT><ESC>n 1149 Sets a Mark, then displays the next Page of file. 1150 1151 <ALT><ESC>p 1152 Sets a Mark, then displays the previous Page of file. 1153 1154 ^Q unfreezes the screen which was frozen by pressing ^S. 1155 1156 ^S freezes cursor and text movement on the screen. Use ^Q 1157 to unfreeze it. 1158 1159 ^X^X lets you execute a shell command without terminating 1160 the editing session. 1161 1162 Control temporarily returns to the Command Interpreter 1163 while the command is executed, then you can continue 1164 editing. For instance, if you want to read another file 1165 into the one you are editing but can not remember the 1166 file name, you can execute an ls command to find its 1167 name. When you type ^X^X, you will see the Execute: 1168 prompt on the information line. Type the command line 1169 and press the RETURN key. If the file was modified 1170 before you called ^X^X, you will see the EXECUTING. PUT 1171 EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt. 1172 1173 Type Y if you want the file to be backuped and updated 1174 before executing the command. See the QUIT 1175 command for a description of the backup pro- 1176 cess. 1177 1178 Type W if you want the the file to be updated in place 1179 before executing the command. 1180 1181 Type F if you want file to be forcibly updated before 1182 executing the command. This command works 1183 similar to the Y command, but ved will ignore 1184 the state of the -readonly flag and the access 1185 rights of the file. The latter will allow you 1186 to write into files without write permissions 1187 if you are super user. For execptions on this 1188 rule, see description of the -readonly flag. 1189 1190 Type ! if you want file to be forcibly updated in 1191 place before executing the command. 1192 1193 Type N if you want to execute the command but don't 1194 want to save the changes before. 1195 1196 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 1197 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 1198 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 1199 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 1200 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 1201 ferent file name. 1202 1203 In all cases, after returning from the command, the 1204 cursor will be on the same place as it was before typ- 1205 ing ^X^X. 1206 1207 Note that if the shell command you want to execute 1208 requires the current file as an argument, you might 1209 need to update it. For instance, if you the file you 1210 are editing contains formatting commands that you want 1211 to test, you will need to update the file so that the 1212 version of the file you format and view is the most 1213 up-to-date one. 1214 1215 To abort the command while you can see the Execute: 1216 prompt, do not type a command; simply press the RETURN 1217 key. If you had started to type a command, use the 1218 DELETE key to erase it; the field following the prompt 1219 must be blank. To abort the command while you can see 1220 the EXECUTING. PUT EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt, type any- 1221 thing except Y, W, F, ! N. 1222 1223 <ESC>^X 1224 executes the contents of the current take buffer. 1225 1226 You can type a shell command line in your file and then 1227 save it in a take buffer (using the ^T, <ESC>^T, ^Y or 1228 <ESC>^Y commands). 1229 1230 When you type <ESC>^X, you will see the EXECUTING. PUT 1231 EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt on the information line. 1232 1233 Type Y if you want the file to be backuped and updated 1234 before executing the command. See the QUIT 1235 command for a description of the backup pro- 1236 cess. 1237 1238 Type W if you want the the file to be updated in place 1239 before executing the command. 1240 1241 Type F if you want file to be forcibly updated before 1242 executing the command. This command works 1243 similar to the Y command, but ved will ignore 1244 the state of the -readonly flag and the access 1245 rights of the file. The latter will allow you 1246 to write into files without write permissions 1247 if you are super user. For execptions on this 1248 rule, see description of the -readonly flag. 1249 1250 Type ! if you want file to be forcibly updated in 1251 place before executing the command. 1252 1253 Type N if you want to execute the command but don't 1254 want to save the changes before. 1255 1256 If you don't want to execute the command, type anything 1257 except Y, W, F, ! or N. 1258 1259 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 1260 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 1261 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 1262 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 1263 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 1264 ferent file name. 1265 1266 <ALT>^X 1267 executes the selection (what lies between the mark and 1268 the cursor). 1269 1270 You can type a shell command line in your file and 1271 select it. 1272 1273 When you type <ALT>^X, you will see the EXECUTING. PUT 1274 EDITS? (Y/W/N/F/!) prompt on the information line. 1275 1276 Type Y if you want the file to be backuped and updated 1277 before executing the command. See the QUIT 1278 command for a description of the backup pro- 1279 cess. 1280 1281 Type W if you want the the file to be updated in place 1282 before executing the command. 1283 1284 Type F if you want file to be forcibly updated before 1285 executing the command. This command works 1286 similar to the Y command, but ved will ignore 1287 the state of the -readonly flag and the access 1288 rights of the file. The latter will allow you 1289 to write into files without write permissions 1290 if you are super user. For execptions on this 1291 rule, see description of the -readonly flag. 1292 1293 Type ! if you want file to be forcibly updated in 1294 place before executing the command. 1295 1296 Type N if you want to execute the command but don't 1297 want to save the changes before. 1298 1299 If you don't want to execute the command, type anything 1300 except Y, W, F, ! or N. 1301 1302 If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- 1303 sion or if the file has been modified more recently 1304 than the copy that has been used for the current ses- 1305 sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use 1306 the force commands (F or !) or write back using dif- 1307 ferent file name. 1308 1309 ^@ indicates the current line number. This number tells 1310 you how many lines exist between the beginning of the 1311 file and the current cursor position. 1312 1313 On the information line you will see +Line: 333 where 1314 333 is the current line number. 1315 1316 <ESC>^@ 1317 indicates how many lines exist between the current cur- 1318 sor position and the end of the file. 1319 1320 On the information line you will see -Line: 22 where 22 1321 is the number of lines remaining in the file. 1322 1323 <ALT>^@ 1324 indicates what line the mark is on, in relation to the 1325 beginning of the file. 1326 1327 On the information line you will see +Line: 45 where 45 1328 is the positive line number on which the mark is 1329 located. 1330 1331 If there is no mark, you will see No mark! displayed on 1332 the far right of the information line. 1333 1334 <ALT><ESC>^@ 1335 indicates what line the mark is on, in relation to the 1336 end of the file. 1337 1338 On the information line you will see -Line: 109 where 1339 109 is the negative line number on which the mark is 1340 located. 1341 1342 If there is no mark, you will see No mark! displayed on 1343 the far right of the information line. 1344 1345 ^[ is the same as using the <ESC> key. 1346 1347 ^] is <ALT>. Use this sequence of keystrokes to start an 1348 ALT command. 1349 1350 ^X is the lead in character for an extended command. 1351 1352 <ESC>^] 1353 is the same as using <ALT><ESC>. 1354 1355 ^^ quotes the next character so that it is taken literally 1356 and then is converted to a control character. For 1357 instance, if you want to include a command in a macro 1358 definition, you must quote the keystroke sequence. Oth- 1359 erwise, the command will be executed rather than become 1360 part of your macro. 1361 1362 <ESC>^^ 1363 quotes the next character so that is becomes a 8 bit 1364 character. 1365 1366 <ALT>^^ 1367 quotes the next character so that is becomes a 8 bit 1368 control character. 1369 1370 <ALT><ESC>^^ 1371 quotes the next character so that you type it in in a 1372 hexadecimal notation. 1373 1374 <ALT><ALT> 1375 goto tag that is a word located at cursor position. 1376 See FILES section for more information on the tag file. 1377 1378 <ESC><ALT><ALT> 1379 pop the tag stack by one entry. Every time you go to a 1380 tag, the old location is puched on top of the tag 1381 stack. 1382 1383 <ESC>% 1384 search for matching parenthesis. If this command is 1385 entered, the cursor is put to the parenthesis that 1386 matches the parenthesis where the cursor is currently 1387 located. 1388 1389 <ESC>* 1390 Execute temporary macro. One temporary macro may be 1391 set up using the command <ESC>:macro command. 1392 1393 <ESC>: 1394 introduce a colon command. See section COLON COMMANDS 1395 for more information. 1396 1397COLON COMMANDS 1398 Colon commands are introduced via <ESC>: 1399 The command then may be entered on the (top) status line of 1400 ved. 1401 1402 The colon commands are: 1403 1404 backup 1405 Backup current file. This command is the same as when 1406 <ESC>^C is entered. It may be needed if for some rea- 1407 son it it not possible to enter the interrupt character 1408 of the terminal driver. 1409 1410 bind Print the current command binding for ved. Later ver- 1411 sions of ved may allow to modify the binding with this 1412 command. 1413 1414 help print online help for available colon commands. 1415 1416 macro macro body 1417 set up a temporary macro that may be executed via 1418 <ESC>* 1419 1420 map 1421 1422 map from-string to-string 1423 The first form lists all currently active mappings, the 1424 second form sets up a new mapping. 1425 1426 next switch to next file in file list. This command may 1427 only be used if ved has been called with more than one 1428 file argument. 1429 1430 prev switch to previous file in file list. This command may 1431 only be used if ved has been called with more than one 1432 file argument. 1433 1434 quit Quit ved. This command is the same as when ^C is 1435 entered. It may be needed if for some reason it it not 1436 possible to enter the interrupt character of the termi- 1437 nal driver. 1438 1439 set 1440 1441 set set-variable set-args 1442 The first form lists the current settings of ved, the 1443 second form sets a specific property of ved. The vai- 1444 ables that may be modified via the set command are: 1445 1446 autoindent 1447 If set, ved activates the auto indent mode. Subse- 1448 quent lines will be automatically indented with 1449 the same indent as the previous line. Switch off 1450 with <ESC>:set noautoindent 1451 1452 linelen new-linelen 1453 Set linelength that is used as base for screen 1454 updates. This linenength usually is retrived from 1455 the terminal driver but may be modified manually. 1456 1457 magic 1458 Switch to magic mode for pattern matching (this is 1459 the default when ved has been started). If in 1460 magic mode, matching is done using regular expres- 1461 sion pattern matching. This mode may be switched 1462 off with <ESC>:set nomagic. If magic mode is 1463 turned off, matching is done without using regular 1464 expression matching even if the pattern contains 1465 magic characters for pattern matching. 1466 1467 markwrap 1468 Mark wrapped lines with a \ character at the end 1469 of a visible terminal line (this is the default 1470 when ved has been started). This mode may be 1471 switched off with <ESC>:set nomarkwrap. 1472 1473 optline opt-line 1474 Set the optimal line. This is the line (counted 1475 from the top of the terminal) where the cursor is 1476 adjusted to when ved does scrolling. It is set by 1477 default to the half of the number of lines of the 1478 terminal. 1479 1480 pmargin page-margin 1481 Set the distance you need to have between the cur- 1482 soe and the upper or lower border of the terminal. 1483 If you cross this border, ved will start to scroll 1484 and adjust the cursor to the optimal line. It is 1485 set by default to 0 and allows to place the cursor 1486 to any visible line on the screen. 1487 1488 psize page-size 1489 Set pagesize that is used as base for screen 1490 updates. This pagesize usually is retrived from 1491 the terminal driver but may be modified manually. 1492 1493 tabstop tab-width 1494 Set the size of a visible tab chacaracter. This 1495 width is set to 8 by default. 1496 1497 taglength tag-len-value 1498 Set the number of characters that are used to com- 1499 pare a tag name with a tag label in the tags file. 1500 If it is set to 0 (the default), ved compares the 1501 complete tag length. 1502 1503 tags tag-file-list 1504 Set the list if files that is searched when look- 1505 ing for a tag data base. The tag file list is 1506 separated by blanks and by default set to 1507 1508 tags .. /usr/lib/tags 1509 1510 This means that ved will first look for a file 1511 tags in the current directory, then search up for 1512 (directory by directory until the root directors 1513 is reached) a file tags and last it vill look for 1514 a file /usr/lib/tags. 1515 1516 wrapmargin wrap-margin 1517 If wrapmagin is set, ved will activate the auto- 1518 warp mode. In auto-wrap mode, ved will automati- 1519 cally insert a new-line before a word if the cur- 1520 sor is less than wrap-magin from the right termi- 1521 nal border. 1522 1523 substitute /old/new/ 1524 Substitute pattern old by new. The pattern new may 1525 contain an & for the old string. 1526 1527 tag tag-name 1528 goto tag named tag-name. See FILES section for more 1529 information on the tag file. 1530