1#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2# 3# Aircraft: 4# 1903 Wright Flyer 5# 6# File name: 7# wrightFlyer1903-nl-v1 8# 9# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10# 11# Author: 12# 13# Michael Selig 14# http://www.aae.uiuc.edu/m-selig 15# 2002/02/27 initial setup 16# 2002/03/08 various refinements, focusing on the pitching moment behavior 17# 2002/12/21 more updates 18# - additional wing hard points 19# - adding in engine curve (model) 20# 21#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 22# 23# References: 24# 25# - Culick, F.E.C. and Jex, H.R., "Aerodynamics, Stability and 26# Control of the 1903 Wright Flyer," Proceedings of The Wright 27# Flyer: An Engineering Perspective, National Air and Space Museum, 28# Smithsonian Institution, 1985. 29# 30# - Jex, H.R. and Culick, F.E.C., "Flight Control Dynamics of the 31# 1903 Wright Flyer," 12th AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics 32# Conference, AIAA Paper 85-1804-CP, 1985. 33# 34# - Jex, H, Grimm, R., Latz, J.P., and Hange, C., "Full-Scale 1903 35# Wright Flyer Wind Tunnel Test Results From the NASA Ames Research 36# Center", AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA Paper 37# 2000-0512, 2000. 38# 39# - Various other sources including 40# http://www.wrightflyer.org/Papers/papers.html 41# http://www.aae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/uiuc_lsat.html (low Re data) 42# 43# - Additional models and updates 44# http://www.aae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/apasim.html 45# 46#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 47# 48# Notes: 49# '[]' these items below still to do 50# 51#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 52 53# initializations 54init use_V_rel_wind_2U 55init use_dyn_on_speed_curve1 56init dyn_on_speed 2 57init dyn_on_speed_zero 1 58init use_Alpha_dot_on_speed 2 # [ft/sec] speed below which Alpha_dot is set to zero 59init use_gamma_horiz_on_speed 10 # [ft/sec] speed above which Gamma_horiz_deg is used in chase view [1] 60 61# geometry 62geometry bw 40.3 # [ft] 63geometry cbar 6.2 # [ft] 64geometry Sw 518 # [ft^2] 65 66# canard 67controlSurface de 20 20 # [deg] 68# wing warping (delta_w) 69controlSurface da 8.5 8.5 # [deg] 70# Per discussion w/ Fred Culick, 71# 11 inches up and 11 inch down movement is given on the Smithsonian plans. 72# With a 74-inch chord, this gives 8.5 deg up and 8.5 deg down of wing warping. 73# Rudder coupling of Flyer: coupling between wing warp and rudder is delta_r = 2.5 * delta_w 74# But w/ auto-coordination flag set to true in FGFS code, the amount of rudder used 75# is delta_r_used = delta_r_spec/2, so here the max limits must be 1:5. 76controlSurface dr 42.5 42.5 # [deg] 77 78# if enable-auto-coordination is not used w/ FGFS startup options, then use 79# where 30 deg rudder can be used with 12 deg aileron (2.5:1) 80#controlSurface dr 30 30 # [deg] 81 82mass Weight 750 # [lb] 83# mass moments estimates from Culick paper 84mass I_xx 1318 # [slug-ft^2] 85mass I_yy 271 # [slug-ft^2] 86mass I_zz 1343 # [slug-ft^2] 87mass I_xz 0 # [slug-ft^2] 88 89# Apparent mass terms 90# F_Z_aero += -(0.269 * Mass) * W_dot_body; 91# M_l_aero += -(0.59 * I_xx) * P_dot_body; 92# M_m_aero += -(0.14 * I_yy) * Q_dot_body; 93mass Mass_appMass_ratio .269 94mass I_xx_appMass_ratio .590 95mass I_yy_appMass_ratio .14 96 97 98# [] max thrust estimate 99#engine simpleSingleModel 171 -5 88 # [lb] [fps] [lb/fps] 100engine simpleSingleModel 165 -5 88 # [lb] [fps] [lb/fps] 101# where token3 - static thrust in [lb] 102# token4 - speed at which thrust goes to zero [ft/sec] 103# token5 - slope dT/dV at the speed at which thrust goes to zero [lb/fps] 104#engine simpleSingle 171 # [lb] 105 106# lift curve 107CL CLfade CLfade.dat 0 1 108 109# drag polar 110CD CDfa CDfa.dat 0 1 111 112# moment contributions 113Cm Cmfa Cmfa2.dat 0 1 114Cm Cmfade Cmfade6.dat 0 1 1 115Cm Cm_q -3.5 # [/rad], estimate 116 117# da negative right aileron TEU 118CY CY_beta -.321 # [/rad], -.0056/deg 119CY CY_da -.636 # [/rad], -.0111/deg 120CY CY_dr 0.241 # [/rad], 0.0042/deg 121# [] mss - update rotary derivatives 122CY CY_p 0.0 # [/rad], placeholder 123CY CY_r 0.3 # [/rad], placeholder 124 125Cl Cl_beta 0.0212 # [/rad], 0.00037033/deg 126Cl Cl_da -0.1317 # [/rad], -.0023/deg 127Cl Cl_dr 0.007 # [/rad], 0.000125/deg 128# [] mss - update rotary derivatives 129Cl Cl_p -0.5 # [/rad], placeholder 130Cl Cl_r 0 # [/rad], placeholder 131 132Cn Cn_beta 0.0335 # [/rad], 0.0005853/deg 133Cn Cn_dr -0.039 # [/rad], -.0069/deg 134Cn Cn_da 0.024 # [/rad], 0.000421/deg 135# [] mss - update rotary derivatives 136Cn Cn_p -0.06 # [/rad], placeholder 137Cn Cn_r -0.15 # [/rad], placeholder 138 139# nose wheel (must be position 0 if present) 140gear Dx_gear 0 6.5 # x-offset from CG [ft] 141gear Dy_gear 0 0 # y-offset from CG [ft] 142gear Dz_gear 0 4.5 # z-offset from CG [ft] 143gear cgear 0 300 # damping [lbs/ft/sec] 144gear kgear 0 600 # springiness [lbs/ft] 145gear muGear 0 0 # rolling coefficient 146gear strutLength 0 -0.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 147 148# right gear (must be position 1 if present) 149gear Dx_gear 1 -8.5 # [ft] 150gear Dy_gear 1 3.25 # [ft] 151gear Dz_gear 1 4 # [ft] 152gear cgear 1 300 # [lbs/ft/sec] 153gear kgear 1 600 # [lbs/ft] 154gear muGear 1 0 # rolling coefficient 155gear strutLength 1 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 156 157# left gear (must be position 2 if present) 158gear Dx_gear 2 -8.5 # [ft] 159gear Dy_gear 2 -3.25 # [ft] 160gear Dz_gear 2 4 # [ft] 161gear cgear 2 300 # [lbs/ft/sec] 162gear kgear 2 600 # [lbs/ft] 163gear muGear 2 0 # rolling coefficient 164gear strutLength 2 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 165 166# right wing 167gear Dx_gear 3 -4 # [ft] 168gear Dy_gear 3 21 # [ft] 169gear Dz_gear 3 3.0 # [ft] 170gear cgear 3 400 # [lbs/ft/sec] 171gear kgear 3 800 # [lbs/ft] 172gear muGear 3 0.0 # rolling coefficient 173gear strutLength 3 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 174 175# left wing 176gear Dx_gear 4 -4 # [ft] 177gear Dy_gear 4 -21 # [ft] 178gear Dz_gear 4 3.0 # [ft] 179gear cgear 4 400 # [lbs/ft/sec] 180gear kgear 4 800 # [lbs/ft] 181gear muGear 4 0.0 # rolling coefficient 182gear strutLength 4 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 183 184# right wing 185gear Dx_gear 5 3 # [ft] 186gear Dy_gear 5 21 # [ft] 187gear Dz_gear 5 3.0 # [ft] 188gear cgear 5 400 # [lbs/ft/sec] 189gear kgear 5 800 # [lbs/ft] 190gear muGear 5 0.0 # rolling coefficient 191gear strutLength 5 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 192 193# left wing 194gear Dx_gear 6 3 # [ft] 195gear Dy_gear 6 -21 # [ft] 196gear Dz_gear 6 3.0 # [ft] 197gear cgear 6 400 # [lbs/ft/sec] 198gear kgear 6 800 # [lbs/ft] 199gear muGear 6 0.0 # rolling coefficient 200gear strutLength 6 2.5 # gear travel [ft] (not yet used) 201 202* 203