share/memory/heap.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "memory/heap.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/os.hpp"
#include "services/memTracker.hpp"
#include "utilities/align.hpp"

size_t CodeHeap::header_size() {
  return sizeof(HeapBlock);
}


// Implementation of Heap

CodeHeap::CodeHeap(const char* name, const int code_blob_type)
  : _code_blob_type(code_blob_type) {
  _name                         = name;
  _number_of_committed_segments = 0;
  _number_of_reserved_segments  = 0;
  _segment_size                 = 0;
  _log2_segment_size            = 0;
  _next_segment                 = 0;
  _freelist                     = NULL;
  _freelist_segments            = 0;
  _freelist_length              = 0;
  _max_allocated_capacity       = 0;
  _blob_count                   = 0;
  _nmethod_count                = 0;
  _adapter_count                = 0;
  _full_count                   = 0;
}


// The segmap is marked free for that part of the heap
// which has not been allocated yet (beyond _next_segment).
// "Allocated" space in this context means there exists a
// HeapBlock or a FreeBlock describing this space.
// This method takes segment map indices as range boundaries
void CodeHeap::mark_segmap_as_free(size_t beg, size_t end) {
  assert(             beg <  _number_of_committed_segments, "interval begin out of bounds");
  assert(beg < end && end <= _number_of_committed_segments, "interval end   out of bounds");
  // Don't do unpredictable things in PRODUCT build
  if (beg < end) {
    // setup _segmap pointers for faster indexing
    address p = (address)_segmap.low() + beg;
    address q = (address)_segmap.low() + end;
    // initialize interval
    memset(p, free_sentinel, q-p);
  }
}

// Don't get confused here.
// All existing blocks, no matter if they are used() or free(),
// have their segmap marked as used. This allows to find the
// block header (HeapBlock or FreeBlock) for any pointer
// within the allocated range (upper limit: _next_segment).
// This method takes segment map indices as range boundaries
void CodeHeap::mark_segmap_as_used(size_t beg, size_t end) {
  assert(             beg <  _number_of_committed_segments, "interval begin out of bounds");
  assert(beg < end && end <= _number_of_committed_segments, "interval end   out of bounds");
  // Don't do unpredictable things in PRODUCT build
  if (beg < end) {
    // setup _segmap pointers for faster indexing
    address p = (address)_segmap.low() + beg;
    address q = (address)_segmap.low() + end;
    // initialize interval
    int i = 0;
    while (p < q) {
      *p++ = i++;
      if (i == free_sentinel) i = 1;
    }
  }
}

void CodeHeap::invalidate(size_t beg, size_t end, size_t hdr_size) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  // Fill the given range with some bad value.
  // length is expected to be in segment_size units.
  // This prevents inadvertent execution of code leftover from previous use.
  char* p = low_boundary() + segments_to_size(beg) + hdr_size;
  memset(p, badCodeHeapNewVal, segments_to_size(end-beg)-hdr_size);
#endif
}

void CodeHeap::clear(size_t beg, size_t end) {
  mark_segmap_as_free(beg, end);
  invalidate(beg, end, 0);
}

void CodeHeap::clear() {
  _next_segment = 0;
  clear(_next_segment, _number_of_committed_segments);
}


static size_t align_to_page_size(size_t size) {
  const size_t alignment = (size_t)os::vm_page_size();
  assert(is_power_of_2(alignment), "no kidding ???");
  return (size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}


void CodeHeap::on_code_mapping(char* base, size_t size) {
#ifdef LINUX
  extern void linux_wrap_code(char* base, size_t size);
  linux_wrap_code(base, size);
#endif
}


bool CodeHeap::reserve(ReservedSpace rs, size_t committed_size, size_t segment_size) {
  assert(rs.size() >= committed_size, "reserved < committed");
  assert(segment_size >= sizeof(FreeBlock), "segment size is too small");
  assert(is_power_of_2(segment_size), "segment_size must be a power of 2");

  _segment_size      = segment_size;
  _log2_segment_size = exact_log2(segment_size);

  // Reserve and initialize space for _memory.
  size_t page_size = os::vm_page_size();
  if (os::can_execute_large_page_memory()) {
    const size_t min_pages = 8;
    page_size = MIN2(os::page_size_for_region_aligned(committed_size, min_pages),
                     os::page_size_for_region_aligned(rs.size(), min_pages));
  }

  const size_t granularity = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
  const size_t c_size = align_up(committed_size, page_size);

  os::trace_page_sizes(_name, committed_size, rs.size(), page_size,
                       rs.base(), rs.size());
  if (!_memory.initialize(rs, c_size)) {
    return false;
  }

  on_code_mapping(_memory.low(), _memory.committed_size());
  _number_of_committed_segments = size_to_segments(_memory.committed_size());
  _number_of_reserved_segments  = size_to_segments(_memory.reserved_size());
  assert(_number_of_reserved_segments >= _number_of_committed_segments, "just checking");
  const size_t reserved_segments_alignment = MAX2((size_t)os::vm_page_size(), granularity);
  const size_t reserved_segments_size = align_up(_number_of_reserved_segments, reserved_segments_alignment);
  const size_t committed_segments_size = align_to_page_size(_number_of_committed_segments);

  // reserve space for _segmap
  if (!_segmap.initialize(reserved_segments_size, committed_segments_size)) {
    return false;
  }

  MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type((address)_segmap.low_boundary(), mtCode);

  assert(_segmap.committed_size() >= (size_t) _number_of_committed_segments, "could not commit  enough space for segment map");
  assert(_segmap.reserved_size()  >= (size_t) _number_of_reserved_segments , "could not reserve enough space for segment map");
  assert(_segmap.reserved_size()  >= _segmap.committed_size()     , "just checking");

  // initialize remaining instance variables, heap memory and segmap
  clear();
  return true;
}


bool CodeHeap::expand_by(size_t size) {
  // expand _memory space
  size_t dm = align_to_page_size(_memory.committed_size() + size) - _memory.committed_size();
  if (dm > 0) {
    // Use at least the available uncommitted space if 'size' is larger
    if (_memory.uncommitted_size() != 0 && dm > _memory.uncommitted_size()) {
      dm = _memory.uncommitted_size();
    }
    char* base = _memory.low() + _memory.committed_size();
    if (!_memory.expand_by(dm)) return false;
    on_code_mapping(base, dm);
    size_t i = _number_of_committed_segments;
    _number_of_committed_segments = size_to_segments(_memory.committed_size());
    assert(_number_of_reserved_segments == size_to_segments(_memory.reserved_size()), "number of reserved segments should not change");
    assert(_number_of_reserved_segments >= _number_of_committed_segments, "just checking");
    // expand _segmap space
    size_t ds = align_to_page_size(_number_of_committed_segments) - _segmap.committed_size();
    if ((ds > 0) && !_segmap.expand_by(ds)) {
      return false;
    }
    assert(_segmap.committed_size() >= (size_t) _number_of_committed_segments, "just checking");
    // initialize additional space (heap memory and segmap)
    clear(i, _number_of_committed_segments);
  }
  return true;
}


void* CodeHeap::allocate(size_t instance_size) {
  size_t number_of_segments = size_to_segments(instance_size + header_size());
  assert(segments_to_size(number_of_segments) >= sizeof(FreeBlock), "not enough room for FreeList");

  // First check if we can satisfy request from freelist
  NOT_PRODUCT(verify());
  HeapBlock* block = search_freelist(number_of_segments);
  NOT_PRODUCT(verify());

  if (block != NULL) {
    assert(!block->free(), "must be marked free");
    guarantee((char*) block >= _memory.low_boundary() && (char*) block < _memory.high(),
              "The newly allocated block " INTPTR_FORMAT " is not within the heap "
              "starting with "  INTPTR_FORMAT " and ending with "  INTPTR_FORMAT,
              p2i(block), p2i(_memory.low_boundary()), p2i(_memory.high()));
    // Invalidate the additional space that FreeBlock occupies. The rest of the block should already be invalidated.
    // This is necessary due to a dubious assert in nmethod.cpp(PcDescCache::reset_to()).
    DEBUG_ONLY(memset((void*)block->allocated_space(), badCodeHeapNewVal, sizeof(FreeBlock) - sizeof(HeapBlock)));
    _max_allocated_capacity = MAX2(_max_allocated_capacity, allocated_capacity());
    _blob_count++;
    return block->allocated_space();
  }

  // Ensure minimum size for allocation to the heap.
  number_of_segments = MAX2((int)CodeCacheMinBlockLength, (int)number_of_segments);

  if (_next_segment + number_of_segments <= _number_of_committed_segments) {
    mark_segmap_as_used(_next_segment, _next_segment + number_of_segments);
    HeapBlock* b =  block_at(_next_segment);
    b->initialize(number_of_segments);
    _next_segment += number_of_segments;
    guarantee((char*) b >= _memory.low_boundary() && (char*) block < _memory.high(),
              "The newly allocated block " INTPTR_FORMAT " is not within the heap "
              "starting with "  INTPTR_FORMAT " and ending with " INTPTR_FORMAT,
              p2i(b), p2i(_memory.low_boundary()), p2i(_memory.high()));
    _max_allocated_capacity = MAX2(_max_allocated_capacity, allocated_capacity());
    _blob_count++;
    return b->allocated_space();
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }
}

// Split the given block into two at the given segment.
// This is helpful when a block was allocated too large
// to trim off the unused space at the end (interpreter).
// It also helps with splitting a large free block during allocation.
// Usage state (used or free) must be set by caller since
// we don't know if the resulting blocks will be used or free.
// split_at is the segment number (relative to segment_for(b))
//          where the split happens. The segment with relative
//          number split_at is the first segment of the split-off block.
HeapBlock* CodeHeap::split_block(HeapBlock *b, size_t split_at) {
  if (b == NULL) return NULL;
  // After the split, both blocks must have a size of at least CodeCacheMinBlockLength
  assert((split_at >= CodeCacheMinBlockLength) && (split_at + CodeCacheMinBlockLength <= b->length()),
         "split position(%d) out of range [0..%d]", (int)split_at, (int)b->length());
  size_t split_segment = segment_for(b) + split_at;
  size_t b_size        = b->length();
  size_t newb_size     = b_size - split_at;

  HeapBlock* newb = block_at(split_segment);
  newb->set_length(newb_size);
  mark_segmap_as_used(segment_for(newb), segment_for(newb) + newb_size);
  b->set_length(split_at);
  return newb;
}

void CodeHeap::deallocate_tail(void* p, size_t used_size) {
  assert(p == find_start(p), "illegal deallocation");
  // Find start of HeapBlock
  HeapBlock* b = (((HeapBlock *)p) - 1);
  assert(b->allocated_space() == p, "sanity check");

  size_t actual_number_of_segments = b->length();
  size_t used_number_of_segments   = size_to_segments(used_size + header_size());
  size_t unused_number_of_segments = actual_number_of_segments - used_number_of_segments;
  guarantee(used_number_of_segments <= actual_number_of_segments, "Must be!");

  HeapBlock* f = split_block(b, used_number_of_segments);
  add_to_freelist(f);
  NOT_PRODUCT(verify());
}

void CodeHeap::deallocate(void* p) {
  assert(p == find_start(p), "illegal deallocation");
  // Find start of HeapBlock
  HeapBlock* b = (((HeapBlock *)p) - 1);
  assert(b->allocated_space() == p, "sanity check");
  guarantee((char*) b >= _memory.low_boundary() && (char*) b < _memory.high(),
            "The block to be deallocated " INTPTR_FORMAT " is not within the heap "
            "starting with "  INTPTR_FORMAT " and ending with " INTPTR_FORMAT,
            p2i(b), p2i(_memory.low_boundary()), p2i(_memory.high()));
  add_to_freelist(b);
  NOT_PRODUCT(verify());
}

/**
 * Uses segment map to find the the start (header) of a nmethod. This works as follows:
 * The memory of the code cache is divided into 'segments'. The size of a segment is
 * determined by -XX:CodeCacheSegmentSize=XX. Allocation in the code cache can only
 * happen at segment boundaries. A pointer in the code cache can be mapped to a segment
 * by calling segment_for(addr). Each time memory is requested from the code cache,
 * the segmap is updated accordingly. See the following example, which illustrates the
 * state of code cache and the segment map: (seg -> segment, nm ->nmethod)
 *
 *          code cache          segmap
 *         -----------        ---------
 * seg 1   | nm 1    |   ->   | 0     |
 * seg 2   | nm 1    |   ->   | 1     |
 * ...     | nm 1    |   ->   | ..    |
 * seg m   | nm 2    |   ->   | 0     |
 * seg m+1 | nm 2    |   ->   | 1     |
 * ...     | nm 2    |   ->   | 2     |
 * ...     | nm 2    |   ->   | ..    |
 * ...     | nm 2    |   ->   | 0xFE  |
 * seg m+n | nm 2    |   ->   | 1     |
 * ...     | nm 2    |   ->   |       |
 *
 * A value of '0' in the segmap indicates that this segment contains the beginning of
 * an nmethod. Let's walk through a simple example: If we want to find the start of
 * an nmethod that falls into seg 2, we read the value of the segmap[2]. The value
 * is an offset that points to the segment that contains the start of the nmethod.
 * Another example: If we want to get the start of nm 2, and we happen to get a pointer
 * that points to seg m+n, we first read seg[n+m], which returns '1'. So we have to
 * do one more read of the segmap[m+n-1] to finally get the segment header.
 */
void* CodeHeap::find_start(void* p) const {
  if (!contains(p)) {
    return NULL;
  }
  size_t seg_idx = segment_for(p);
  address seg_map = (address)_segmap.low();
  if (is_segment_unused(seg_map[seg_idx])) {
    return NULL;
  }
  while (seg_map[seg_idx] > 0) {
    seg_idx -= (int)seg_map[seg_idx];
  }

  HeapBlock* h = block_at(seg_idx);
  if (h->free()) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return h->allocated_space();
}

CodeBlob* CodeHeap::find_blob_unsafe(void* start) const {
  CodeBlob* result = (CodeBlob*)CodeHeap::find_start(start);
  if (result != NULL && result->blob_contains((address)start)) {
    return result;
  }
  return NULL;
}

size_t CodeHeap::alignment_unit() const {
  // this will be a power of two
  return _segment_size;
}


size_t CodeHeap::alignment_offset() const {
  // The lowest address in any allocated block will be
  // equal to alignment_offset (mod alignment_unit).
  return sizeof(HeapBlock) & (_segment_size - 1);
}

// Returns the current block if available and used.
// If not, it returns the subsequent block (if available), NULL otherwise.
// Free blocks are merged, therefore there is at most one free block
// between two used ones. As a result, the subsequent block (if available) is
// guaranteed to be used.
void* CodeHeap::next_used(HeapBlock* b) const {
  if (b != NULL && b->free()) b = next_block(b);
  assert(b == NULL || !b->free(), "must be in use or at end of heap");
  return (b == NULL) ? NULL : b->allocated_space();
}

// Returns the first used HeapBlock
HeapBlock* CodeHeap::first_block() const {
  if (_next_segment > 0)
    return block_at(0);
  return NULL;
}

HeapBlock* CodeHeap::block_start(void* q) const {
  HeapBlock* b = (HeapBlock*)find_start(q);
  if (b == NULL) return NULL;
  return b - 1;
}

// Returns the next Heap block an offset into one
HeapBlock* CodeHeap::next_block(HeapBlock *b) const {
  if (b == NULL) return NULL;
  size_t i = segment_for(b) + b->length();
  if (i < _next_segment)
    return block_at(i);
  return NULL;
}


// Returns current capacity
size_t CodeHeap::capacity() const {
  return _memory.committed_size();
}

size_t CodeHeap::max_capacity() const {
  return _memory.reserved_size();
}

int CodeHeap::allocated_segments() const {
  return (int)_next_segment;
}

size_t CodeHeap::allocated_capacity() const {
  // size of used heap - size on freelist
  return segments_to_size(_next_segment - _freelist_segments);
}

// Returns size of the unallocated heap block
size_t CodeHeap::heap_unallocated_capacity() const {
  // Total number of segments - number currently used
  return segments_to_size(_number_of_reserved_segments - _next_segment);
}

// Free list management

FreeBlock* CodeHeap::following_block(FreeBlock *b) {
  return (FreeBlock*)(((address)b) + _segment_size * b->length());
}

// Inserts block b after a
void CodeHeap::insert_after(FreeBlock* a, FreeBlock* b) {
  assert(a != NULL && b != NULL, "must be real pointers");

  // Link b into the list after a
  b->set_link(a->link());
  a->set_link(b);

  // See if we can merge blocks
  merge_right(b); // Try to make b bigger
  merge_right(a); // Try to make a include b
}

// Try to merge this block with the following block
bool CodeHeap::merge_right(FreeBlock* a) {
  assert(a->free(), "must be a free block");
  if (following_block(a) == a->link()) {
    assert(a->link() != NULL && a->link()->free(), "must be free too");
    // Update block a to include the following block
    a->set_length(a->length() + a->link()->length());
    a->set_link(a->link()->link());
    // Update find_start map
    size_t beg = segment_for(a);
    mark_segmap_as_used(beg, beg + a->length());
    invalidate(beg, beg + a->length(), sizeof(FreeBlock));
    _freelist_length--;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}


void CodeHeap::add_to_freelist(HeapBlock* a) {
  FreeBlock* b = (FreeBlock*)a;
  size_t  bseg = segment_for(b);
  _freelist_length++;

  _blob_count--;
  assert(_blob_count >= 0, "sanity");

  assert(b != _freelist, "cannot be removed twice");

  // Mark as free and update free space count
  _freelist_segments += b->length();
  b->set_free();
  invalidate(bseg, bseg + b->length(), sizeof(FreeBlock));

  // First element in list?
  if (_freelist == NULL) {
    b->set_link(NULL);
    _freelist = b;
    return;
  }

  // Since the freelist is ordered (smaller addresses -> larger addresses) and the
  // element we want to insert into the freelist has a smaller address than the first
  // element, we can simply add 'b' as the first element and we are done.
  if (b < _freelist) {
    // Insert first in list
    b->set_link(_freelist);
    _freelist = b;
    merge_right(_freelist);
    return;
  }

  // Scan for right place to put into list. List
  // is sorted by increasing addresses
  FreeBlock* prev = _freelist;
  FreeBlock* cur  = _freelist->link();
  while(cur != NULL && cur < b) {
    assert(prev < cur, "Freelist must be ordered");
    prev = cur;
    cur  = cur->link();
  }
  assert((prev < b) && (cur == NULL || b < cur), "free-list must be ordered");
  insert_after(prev, b);
}

/**
 * Search freelist for an entry on the list with the best fit.
 * @return NULL, if no one was found
 */
HeapBlock* CodeHeap::search_freelist(size_t length) {
  FreeBlock* found_block  = NULL;
  FreeBlock* found_prev   = NULL;
  size_t     found_length = _next_segment; // max it out to begin with

  HeapBlock* res  = NULL;
  FreeBlock* prev = NULL;
  FreeBlock* cur  = _freelist;

  length = length < CodeCacheMinBlockLength ? CodeCacheMinBlockLength : length;

  // Search for best-fitting block
  while(cur != NULL) {
    size_t cur_length = cur->length();
    if (cur_length == length) {
      // We have a perfect fit
      found_block  = cur;
      found_prev   = prev;
      found_length = cur_length;
      break;
    } else if ((cur_length > length) && (cur_length < found_length)) {
      // This is a new, closer fit. Remember block, its previous element, and its length
      found_block  = cur;
      found_prev   = prev;
      found_length = cur_length;
    }
    // Next element in list
    prev = cur;
    cur  = cur->link();
  }

  if (found_block == NULL) {
    // None found
    return NULL;
  }

  // Exact (or at least good enough) fit. Remove from list.
  // Don't leave anything on the freelist smaller than CodeCacheMinBlockLength.
  if (found_length - length < CodeCacheMinBlockLength) {
    _freelist_length--;
    length = found_length;
    if (found_prev == NULL) {
      assert(_freelist == found_block, "sanity check");
      _freelist = _freelist->link();
    } else {
      assert((found_prev->link() == found_block), "sanity check");
      // Unmap element
      found_prev->set_link(found_block->link());
    }
    res = found_block;
  } else {
    // Truncate the free block and return the truncated part
    // as new HeapBlock. The remaining free block does not
    // need to be updated, except for it's length. Truncating
    // the segment map does not invalidate the leading part.
    res = split_block(found_block, found_length - length);
  }

  res->set_used();
  _freelist_segments -= length;
  return res;
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Non-product code

#ifndef PRODUCT

void CodeHeap::print() {
  tty->print_cr("The Heap");
}

void CodeHeap::verify() {
  if (VerifyCodeCache) {
    size_t len = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for(FreeBlock* b = _freelist; b != NULL; b = b->link()) {
      len += b->length();
      count++;
      // Check if we have merged all free blocks
      assert(merge_right(b) == false, "Missed merging opportunity");
    }
    // Verify that freelist contains the right amount of free space
    assert(len == _freelist_segments, "wrong freelist");

    for(HeapBlock* h = first_block(); h != NULL; h = next_block(h)) {
      if (h->free()) count--;
    }
    // Verify that the freelist contains the same number of blocks
    // than free blocks found on the full list.
    assert(count == 0, "missing free blocks");

    //---<  all free block memory must have been invalidated  >---
    for(FreeBlock* b = _freelist; b != NULL; b = b->link()) {
      for (char* c = (char*)b + sizeof(FreeBlock); c < (char*)b + segments_to_size(b->length()); c++) {
        assert(*c == (char)badCodeHeapNewVal, "FreeBlock@" PTR_FORMAT "(" PTR_FORMAT ") not invalidated @byte %d", p2i(b), b->length(), (int)(c - (char*)b));
      }
    }

    // Verify segment map marking.
    // All allocated segments, no matter if in a free or used block,
    // must be marked "in use".
    address seg_map = (address)_segmap.low();
    size_t  nseg    = 0;
    for(HeapBlock* b = first_block(); b != NULL; b = next_block(b)) {
      size_t seg1 = segment_for(b);
      size_t segn = seg1 + b->length();
      for (size_t i = seg1; i < segn; i++) {
        nseg++;
        assert(!is_segment_unused(seg_map[i]), "CodeHeap: unused segment. %d [%d..%d], %s block", (int)i, (int)seg1, (int)segn, b->free()? "free":"used");
      }
    }
    assert(nseg == _next_segment, "CodeHeap: segment count mismatch. found %d, expected %d.", (int)nseg, (int)_next_segment);

    // Verify that the number of free blocks is not out of hand.
    static int free_block_threshold = 10000;
    if (count > free_block_threshold) {
      warning("CodeHeap: # of free blocks > %d", free_block_threshold);
      // Double the warning limit
      free_block_threshold *= 2;
    }
  }
}

#endif