1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Apple Computer, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
3  *
4  * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
5  *
6  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
7  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
8  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
9  * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
10  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
11  * file.
12  *
13  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
14  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
15  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
16  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
18  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
19  * limitations under the License.
20  *
21  * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
22  */
23 #ifndef _MACHO_NLIST_H_
24 #define _MACHO_NLIST_H_
25 /*	$NetBSD: nlist.h,v 1.5 1994/10/26 00:56:11 cgd Exp $	*/
26 
27 /*-
28  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
29  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
30  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
31  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
32  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
33  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
34  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
45  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
46  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
47  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
48  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
49  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
50  *    without specific prior written permission.
51  *
52  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
53  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
54  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
55  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
56  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
57  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
58  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
59  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
60  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
61  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
62  * SUCH DAMAGE.
63  *
64  *	@(#)nlist.h	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
65  */
66 #include <stdint.h>
67 
68 /*
69  * Format of a symbol table entry of a Mach-O file for 32-bit architectures.
70  * Modified from the BSD format.  The modifications from the original format
71  * were changing n_other (an unused field) to n_sect and the addition of the
72  * N_SECT type.  These modifications are required to support symbols in a larger
73  * number of sections not just the three sections (text, data and bss) in a BSD
74  * file.
75  */
76 struct nlist {
77 	union {
78 #ifndef __LP64__
79 		char *n_name;	/* for use when in-core */
80 #endif
81 		int32_t n_strx;	/* index into the string table */
82 	} n_un;
83 	uint8_t n_type;		/* type flag, see below */
84 	uint8_t n_sect;		/* section number or NO_SECT */
85 	int16_t n_desc;		/* see <mach-o/stab.h> */
86 	uint32_t n_value;	/* value of this symbol (or stab offset) */
87 };
88 
89 /*
90  * This is the symbol table entry structure for 64-bit architectures.
91  */
92 struct nlist_64 {
93     union {
94         uint32_t  n_strx; /* index into the string table */
95     } n_un;
96     uint8_t n_type;        /* type flag, see below */
97     uint8_t n_sect;        /* section number or NO_SECT */
98     uint16_t n_desc;       /* see <mach-o/stab.h> */
99     uint64_t n_value;      /* value of this symbol (or stab offset) */
100 };
101 
102 /*
103  * Symbols with a index into the string table of zero (n_un.n_strx == 0) are
104  * defined to have a null, "", name.  Therefore all string indexes to non null
105  * names must not have a zero string index.  This is bit historical information
106  * that has never been well documented.
107  */
108 
109 /*
110  * The n_type field really contains four fields:
111  *	unsigned char N_STAB:3,
112  *		      N_PEXT:1,
113  *		      N_TYPE:3,
114  *		      N_EXT:1;
115  * which are used via the following masks.
116  */
117 #define	N_STAB	0xe0  /* if any of these bits set, a symbolic debugging entry */
118 #define	N_PEXT	0x10  /* private external symbol bit */
119 #define	N_TYPE	0x0e  /* mask for the type bits */
120 #define	N_EXT	0x01  /* external symbol bit, set for external symbols */
121 
122 /*
123  * Only symbolic debugging entries have some of the N_STAB bits set and if any
124  * of these bits are set then it is a symbolic debugging entry (a stab).  In
125  * which case then the values of the n_type field (the entire field) are given
126  * in <mach-o/stab.h>
127  */
128 
129 /*
130  * Values for N_TYPE bits of the n_type field.
131  */
132 #define	N_UNDF	0x0		/* undefined, n_sect == NO_SECT */
133 #define	N_ABS	0x2		/* absolute, n_sect == NO_SECT */
134 #define	N_SECT	0xe		/* defined in section number n_sect */
135 #define	N_PBUD	0xc		/* prebound undefined (defined in a dylib) */
136 #define N_INDR	0xa		/* indirect */
137 
138 /*
139  * If the type is N_INDR then the symbol is defined to be the same as another
140  * symbol.  In this case the n_value field is an index into the string table
141  * of the other symbol's name.  When the other symbol is defined then they both
142  * take on the defined type and value.
143  */
144 
145 /*
146  * If the type is N_SECT then the n_sect field contains an ordinal of the
147  * section the symbol is defined in.  The sections are numbered from 1 and
148  * refer to sections in order they appear in the load commands for the file
149  * they are in.  This means the same ordinal may very well refer to different
150  * sections in different files.
151  *
152  * The n_value field for all symbol table entries (including N_STAB's) gets
153  * updated by the link editor based on the value of it's n_sect field and where
154  * the section n_sect references gets relocated.  If the value of the n_sect
155  * field is NO_SECT then it's n_value field is not changed by the link editor.
156  */
157 #define	NO_SECT		0	/* symbol is not in any section */
158 #define MAX_SECT	255	/* 1 thru 255 inclusive */
159 
160 /*
161  * Common symbols are represented by undefined (N_UNDF) external (N_EXT) types
162  * who's values (n_value) are non-zero.  In which case the value of the n_value
163  * field is the size (in bytes) of the common symbol.  The n_sect field is set
164  * to NO_SECT.  The alignment of a common symbol may be set as a power of 2
165  * between 2^1 and 2^15 as part of the n_desc field using the macros below. If
166  * the alignment is not set (a value of zero) then natural alignment based on
167  * the size is used.
168  */
169 #define GET_COMM_ALIGN(n_desc) (((n_desc) >> 8) & 0x0f)
170 #define SET_COMM_ALIGN(n_desc,align) \
171     (n_desc) = (((n_desc) & 0xf0ff) | (((align) & 0x0f) << 8))
172 
173 /*
174  * To support the lazy binding of undefined symbols in the dynamic link-editor,
175  * the undefined symbols in the symbol table (the nlist structures) are marked
176  * with the indication if the undefined reference is a lazy reference or
177  * non-lazy reference.  If both a non-lazy reference and a lazy reference is
178  * made to the same symbol the non-lazy reference takes precedence.  A reference
179  * is lazy only when all references to that symbol are made through a symbol
180  * pointer in a lazy symbol pointer section.
181  *
182  * The implementation of marking nlist structures in the symbol table for
183  * undefined symbols will be to use some of the bits of the n_desc field as a
184  * reference type.  The mask REFERENCE_TYPE will be applied to the n_desc field
185  * of an nlist structure for an undefined symbol to determine the type of
186  * undefined reference (lazy or non-lazy).
187  *
188  * The constants for the REFERENCE FLAGS are propagated to the reference table
189  * in a shared library file.  In that case the constant for a defined symbol,
190  * REFERENCE_FLAG_DEFINED, is also used.
191  */
192 /* Reference type bits of the n_desc field of undefined symbols */
193 #define REFERENCE_TYPE				0x7
194 /* types of references */
195 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_NON_LAZY		0
196 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_LAZY			1
197 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_DEFINED				2
198 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_PRIVATE_DEFINED			3
199 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_PRIVATE_UNDEFINED_NON_LAZY	4
200 #define REFERENCE_FLAG_PRIVATE_UNDEFINED_LAZY		5
201 
202 /*
203  * To simplify stripping of objects that use are used with the dynamic link
204  * editor, the static link editor marks the symbols defined an object that are
205  * referenced by a dynamicly bound object (dynamic shared libraries, bundles).
206  * With this marking strip knows not to strip these symbols.
207  */
208 #define REFERENCED_DYNAMICALLY	0x0010
209 
210 /*
211  * For images created by the static link editor with the -twolevel_namespace
212  * option in effect the flags field of the mach header is marked with
213  * MH_TWOLEVEL.  And the binding of the undefined references of the image are
214  * determined by the static link editor.  Which library an undefined symbol is
215  * bound to is recorded by the static linker in the high 8 bits of the n_desc
216  * field using the SET_LIBRARY_ORDINAL macro below.  The ordinal recorded
217  * references the libraries listed in the Mach-O's LC_LOAD_DYLIB,
218  * LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB, LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB, and
219  * LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB, etc. load commands in the order they appear in the
220  * headers.   The library ordinals start from 1.
221  * For a dynamic library that is built as a two-level namespace image the
222  * undefined references from module defined in another use the same nlist struct
223  * an in that case SELF_LIBRARY_ORDINAL is used as the library ordinal.  For
224  * defined symbols in all images they also must have the library ordinal set to
225  * SELF_LIBRARY_ORDINAL.  The EXECUTABLE_ORDINAL refers to the executable
226  * image for references from plugins that refer to the executable that loads
227  * them.
228  *
229  * The DYNAMIC_LOOKUP_ORDINAL is for undefined symbols in a two-level namespace
230  * image that are looked up by the dynamic linker with flat namespace semantics.
231  * This ordinal was added as a feature in Mac OS X 10.3 by reducing the
232  * value of MAX_LIBRARY_ORDINAL by one.  So it is legal for existing binaries
233  * or binaries built with older tools to have 0xfe (254) dynamic libraries.  In
234  * this case the ordinal value 0xfe (254) must be treated as a library ordinal
235  * for compatibility.
236  */
237 #define GET_LIBRARY_ORDINAL(n_desc) (((n_desc) >> 8) & 0xff)
238 #define SET_LIBRARY_ORDINAL(n_desc,ordinal) \
239 	(n_desc) = (((n_desc) & 0x00ff) | (((ordinal) & 0xff) << 8))
240 #define SELF_LIBRARY_ORDINAL 0x0
241 #define MAX_LIBRARY_ORDINAL 0xfd
242 #define DYNAMIC_LOOKUP_ORDINAL 0xfe
243 #define EXECUTABLE_ORDINAL 0xff
244 
245 /*
246  * The bit 0x0020 of the n_desc field is used for two non-overlapping purposes
247  * and has two different symbolic names, N_NO_DEAD_STRIP and N_DESC_DISCARDED.
248  */
249 
250 /*
251  * The N_NO_DEAD_STRIP bit of the n_desc field only ever appears in a
252  * relocatable .o file (MH_OBJECT filetype). And is used to indicate to the
253  * static link editor it is never to dead strip the symbol.
254  */
255 #define N_NO_DEAD_STRIP 0x0020 /* symbol is not to be dead stripped */
256 
257 /*
258  * The N_DESC_DISCARDED bit of the n_desc field never appears in linked image.
259  * But is used in very rare cases by the dynamic link editor to mark an in
260  * memory symbol as discared and longer used for linking.
261  */
262 #define N_DESC_DISCARDED 0x0020	/* symbol is discarded */
263 
264 /*
265  * The N_WEAK_REF bit of the n_desc field indicates to the dynamic linker that
266  * the undefined symbol is allowed to be missing and is to have the address of
267  * zero when missing.
268  */
269 #define N_WEAK_REF	0x0040 /* symbol is weak referenced */
270 
271 /*
272  * The N_WEAK_DEF bit of the n_desc field indicates to the static and dynamic
273  * linkers that the symbol definition is weak, allowing a non-weak symbol to
274  * also be used which causes the weak definition to be discared.  Currently this
275  * is only supported for symbols in coalesed sections.
276  */
277 #define N_WEAK_DEF	0x0080 /* coalesed symbol is a weak definition */
278 
279 /*
280  * The N_REF_TO_WEAK bit of the n_desc field indicates to the dynamic linker
281  * that the undefined symbol should be resolved using flat namespace searching.
282  */
283 #define	N_REF_TO_WEAK	0x0080 /* reference to a weak symbol */
284 
285 /*
286  * The N_ARM_THUMB_DEF bit of the n_desc field indicates that the symbol is
287  * a defintion of a Thumb function.
288  */
289 #define N_ARM_THUMB_DEF	0x0008 /* symbol is a Thumb function (ARM) */
290 
291 /*
292  * The N_SYMBOL_RESOLVER bit of the n_desc field indicates that the
293  * that the function is actually a resolver function and should
294  * be called to get the address of the real function to use.
295  * This bit is only available in .o files (MH_OBJECT filetype)
296  */
297 #define N_SYMBOL_RESOLVER  0x0100
298 
299 #ifndef __STRICT_BSD__
300 #if __cplusplus
301 extern "C" {
302 #endif /* __cplusplus */
303 /*
304  * The function nlist(3) from the C library.
305  */
306 extern int nlist (const char *filename, struct nlist *list);
307 #if __cplusplus
308 }
309 #endif /* __cplusplus */
310 #endif /* __STRICT_BSD__ */
311 
312 #endif /* _MACHO_LIST_H_ */
313