Classes/Database/ReferenceIndex.php

<?php

/*
 * This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
 *
 * It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
 * of the License, or any later version.
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please read the
 * LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
 *
 * The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
 */

namespace TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database;

use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DBALException;
use Psr\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcherInterface;
use Psr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface;
use Psr\Log\LoggerAwareTrait;
use Psr\Log\LogLevel;
use TYPO3\CMS\Backend\Utility\BackendUtility;
use TYPO3\CMS\Backend\View\ProgressListenerInterface;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Configuration\FlexForm\FlexFormTools;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Platform\PlatformInformation;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Query\Restriction\DeletedRestriction;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\DataHandler;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\Event\IsTableExcludedFromReferenceIndexEvent;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\DataHandling\SoftReference\SoftReferenceParserFactory;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Registry;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ArrayUtility;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ExtensionManagementUtility;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;

/**
 * Reference index processing and relation extraction
 *
 * @internal Extensions shouldn't fiddle with the reference index themselves, it's task of DataHandler to do this.
 */
class ReferenceIndex implements LoggerAwareInterface
{
    use LoggerAwareTrait;

    /**
     * Definition of tables to exclude from the ReferenceIndex
     *
     * Only tables which do not contain any relations and never did so far since references also won't be deleted for
     * these. Since only tables with an entry in $GLOBALS['TCA] are handled by ReferenceIndex there is no need to add
     * *_mm-tables.
     *
     * Implemented as array with fields as keys and booleans as values for fast isset() lookup instead of slow in_array()
     *
     * @var array
     * @see updateRefIndexTable()
     * @see shouldExcludeTableFromReferenceIndex()
     */
    protected array $excludedTables = [
        'sys_log' => true,
        'tx_extensionmanager_domain_model_extension' => true,
    ];

    /**
     * Definition of fields to exclude from ReferenceIndex in *every* table
     *
     * Implemented as array with fields as keys and booleans as values for fast isset() lookup instead of slow in_array()
     *
     * @var array
     * @see getRelations()
     * @see fetchTableRelationFields()
     * @see shouldExcludeTableColumnFromReferenceIndex()
     */
    protected array $excludedColumns = [
        'uid' => true,
        'perms_userid' => true,
        'perms_groupid' => true,
        'perms_user' => true,
        'perms_group' => true,
        'perms_everybody' => true,
        'pid' => true,
    ];

    /**
     * This array holds the FlexForm references of a record
     *
     * @var array
     * @see getRelations()
     * @see FlexFormTools::traverseFlexFormXMLData()
     * @see getRelations_flexFormCallBack()
     */
    protected $temp_flexRelations = [];

    /**
     * An index of all found references of a single record
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $relations = [];

    /**
     * Number which we can increase if a change in the code means we will have to force a re-generation of the index.
     *
     * @var int
     * @see updateRefIndexTable()
     */
    protected $hashVersion = 1;

    /**
     * Current workspace id
     */
    protected int $workspaceId = 0;

    /**
     * A list of fields that may contain relations per TCA table.
     * This is either ['*'] or an array of single field names. The list
     * depends on TCA and is built when a first table row is handled.
     */
    protected array $tableRelationFieldCache = [];

    protected EventDispatcherInterface $eventDispatcher;
    protected SoftReferenceParserFactory $softReferenceParserFactory;

    public function __construct(EventDispatcherInterface $eventDispatcher = null, SoftReferenceParserFactory $softReferenceParserFactory = null)
    {
        $this->eventDispatcher = $eventDispatcher ?? GeneralUtility::makeInstance(EventDispatcherInterface::class);
        $this->softReferenceParserFactory = $softReferenceParserFactory ?? GeneralUtility::makeInstance(SoftReferenceParserFactory::class);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the current workspace id
     *
     * @param int $workspaceId
     * @see updateIndex()
     */
    public function setWorkspaceId($workspaceId)
    {
        $this->workspaceId = (int)$workspaceId;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current workspace id
     *
     * @return int
     * @see updateRefIndexTable()
     */
    protected function getWorkspaceId()
    {
        return $this->workspaceId;
    }

    /**
     * Call this function to update the sys_refindex table for a record (even one just deleted)
     * NOTICE: Currently, references updated for a deleted-flagged record will not include those from within FlexForm
     * fields in some cases where the data structure is defined by another record since the resolving process ignores
     * deleted records! This will also result in bad cleaning up in DataHandler I think... Anyway, that's the story of
     * FlexForms; as long as the DS can change, lots of references can get lost in no time.
     *
     * @param string $tableName Table name
     * @param int $uid UID of record
     * @param bool $testOnly If set, nothing will be written to the index but the result value will still report statistics on what is added, deleted and kept. Can be used for mere analysis.
     * @return array Array with statistics about how many index records were added, deleted and not altered plus the complete reference set for the record.
     */
    public function updateRefIndexTable($tableName, $uid, $testOnly = false)
    {
        $result = [
            'keptNodes' => 0,
            'deletedNodes' => 0,
            'addedNodes' => 0,
        ];

        $uid = $uid ? (int)$uid : 0;
        if (!$uid) {
            return $result;
        }

        // If this table cannot contain relations, skip it
        if ($this->shouldExcludeTableFromReferenceIndex($tableName)) {
            return $result;
        }

        $tableRelationFields = $this->fetchTableRelationFields($tableName);

        $connectionPool = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class);
        $connection = $connectionPool->getConnectionForTable('sys_refindex');

        // Get current index from Database with hash as index using $uidIndexField
        // no restrictions are needed, since sys_refindex is not a TCA table
        $queryBuilder = $connection->createQueryBuilder();
        $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
        $queryResult = $queryBuilder->select('hash')->from('sys_refindex')->where(
            $queryBuilder->expr()->eq('tablename', $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableName, \PDO::PARAM_STR)),
            $queryBuilder->expr()->eq('recuid', $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($uid, \PDO::PARAM_INT)),
            $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                'workspace',
                $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($this->getWorkspaceId(), \PDO::PARAM_INT)
            )
        )->executeQuery();
        $currentRelationHashes = [];
        while ($relation = $queryResult->fetchAssociative()) {
            $currentRelationHashes[$relation['hash']] = true;
        }

        // If the table has fields which could contain relations and the record does exist
        if ($tableRelationFields !== []) {
            $existingRecord = $this->getRecord($tableName, $uid);
            if ($existingRecord) {
                // Table has relation fields and record exists - get relations
                $this->relations = [];
                $relations = $this->generateDataUsingRecord($tableName, $existingRecord);
                if (!is_array($relations)) {
                    return $result;
                }
                // Traverse the generated index:
                foreach ($relations as &$relation) {
                    if (!is_array($relation)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Exclude any relations TO a specific table
                    if (($relation['ref_table'] ?? '') && $this->shouldExcludeTableFromReferenceIndex($relation['ref_table'])) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    $relation['hash'] = md5(implode('///', $relation) . '///' . $this->hashVersion);
                    // First, check if already indexed and if so, unset that row (so in the end we know which rows to remove!)
                    if (isset($currentRelationHashes[$relation['hash']])) {
                        unset($currentRelationHashes[$relation['hash']]);
                        $result['keptNodes']++;
                        $relation['_ACTION'] = 'KEPT';
                    } else {
                        // If new, add it:
                        if (!$testOnly) {
                            $connection->insert('sys_refindex', $relation);
                        }
                        $result['addedNodes']++;
                        $relation['_ACTION'] = 'ADDED';
                    }
                }
                $result['relations'] = $relations;
            }
        }

        // If any old are left, remove them:
        if (!empty($currentRelationHashes)) {
            $hashList = array_keys($currentRelationHashes);
            if (!empty($hashList)) {
                $result['deletedNodes'] = count($hashList);
                $result['deletedNodes_hashList'] = implode(',', $hashList);
                if (!$testOnly) {
                    $maxBindParameters = PlatformInformation::getMaxBindParameters($connection->getDatabasePlatform());
                    foreach (array_chunk($hashList, $maxBindParameters - 10, true) as $chunk) {
                        if (empty($chunk)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        $queryBuilder = $connection->createQueryBuilder();
                        $queryBuilder
                            ->delete('sys_refindex')
                            ->where(
                                $queryBuilder->expr()->in(
                                    'hash',
                                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($chunk, Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)
                                )
                            )
                            ->executeStatement();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the amount of references for the given record
     *
     * @param string $tableName
     * @param int $uid
     * @return int
     */
    public function getNumberOfReferencedRecords(string $tableName, int $uid): int
    {
        $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
        return (int)$queryBuilder
            ->count('*')->from('sys_refindex')
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                    'ref_table',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableName, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
                ),
                $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                    'ref_uid',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($uid, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
                )
            )->executeQuery()->fetchOne();
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the relations for a record of a given table
     *
     * @param string $tableName Table being processed
     * @param array $record Record from $tableName
     * @return array
     */
    protected function generateDataUsingRecord(string $tableName, array $record): array
    {
        $this->relations = [];
        // Get all relations from record:
        $recordRelations = $this->getRelations($tableName, $record);
        // Traverse those relations, compile records to insert in table:
        foreach ($recordRelations as $fieldName => $fieldRelations) {
            // Based on type
            switch ($fieldRelations['type'] ?? '') {
                case 'db':
                    $this->createEntryDataForDatabaseRelationsUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, '', $fieldRelations['itemArray']);
                    break;
                case 'flex':
                    // DB references in FlexForms
                    if (is_array($fieldRelations['flexFormRels']['db'])) {
                        foreach ($fieldRelations['flexFormRels']['db'] as $flexPointer => $subList) {
                            $this->createEntryDataForDatabaseRelationsUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, $flexPointer, $subList);
                        }
                    }
                    // Soft references in FlexForms
                    // @todo #65464 Test correct handling of soft references in FlexForms
                    if (is_array($fieldRelations['flexFormRels']['softrefs'])) {
                        foreach ($fieldRelations['flexFormRels']['softrefs'] as $flexPointer => $subList) {
                            $this->createEntryDataForSoftReferencesUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, $flexPointer, $subList['keys']);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
            // Soft references in the field
            if (is_array($fieldRelations['softrefs']['keys'] ?? false)) {
                $this->createEntryDataForSoftReferencesUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, '', $fieldRelations['softrefs']['keys']);
            }
        }

        return array_filter($this->relations);
    }

    /**
     * Create array with field/value pairs ready to insert in database
     *
     * @param string $tableName Tablename of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param array $record Record from $table
     * @param string $fieldName Fieldname of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param string $flexPointer Pointer to location inside FlexForm structure where reference is located in [$field]
     * @param string $referencedTable In database references the tablename the reference points to. Keyword "_STRING" indicates special usage (typ. SoftReference) in $referenceString
     * @param int $referencedUid In database references the UID of the record (zero $referencedTable is "_STRING")
     * @param string $referenceString For "_STRING" references: The string.
     * @param int $sort The sorting order of references if many (the "group" or "select" TCA types). -1 if no sorting order is specified.
     * @param string $softReferenceKey If the reference is a soft reference, this is the soft reference parser key. Otherwise empty.
     * @param string $softReferenceId Soft reference ID for key. Might be useful for replace operations.
     * @return array|bool Array to insert in DB or false if record should not be processed
     */
    protected function createEntryDataUsingRecord(string $tableName, array $record, string $fieldName, string $flexPointer, string $referencedTable, int $referencedUid, string $referenceString = '', int $sort = -1, string $softReferenceKey = '', string $softReferenceId = '')
    {
        $currentWorkspace = $this->getWorkspaceId();
        if (BackendUtility::isTableWorkspaceEnabled($tableName)) {
            $fieldConfig = $GLOBALS['TCA'][$tableName]['columns'][$fieldName]['config'];
            if (isset($record['t3ver_wsid']) && (int)$record['t3ver_wsid'] !== $currentWorkspace && empty($fieldConfig['MM'])) {
                // The given record is workspace-enabled but doesn't live in the selected workspace. Don't add index, it's not actually there.
                // We still add those rows if the record is a local side live record of an MM relation and can be a target of a workspace record.
                // See workspaces ManyToMany Modify addCategoryRelation for details on this case.
                return false;
            }
        }
        return [
            'tablename' => $tableName,
            'recuid' => $record['uid'],
            'field' => $fieldName,
            'flexpointer' => $flexPointer,
            'softref_key' => $softReferenceKey,
            'softref_id' => $softReferenceId,
            'sorting' => $sort,
            'workspace' => $currentWorkspace,
            'ref_table' => $referencedTable,
            'ref_uid' => $referencedUid,
            'ref_string' => mb_substr($referenceString, 0, 1024),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Add database references to ->relations array based on fetched record
     *
     * @param string $tableName Tablename of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param array $record Record from $tableName
     * @param string $fieldName Fieldname of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param string $flexPointer Pointer to location inside FlexForm structure where reference is located in $fieldName
     * @param array $items Data array with database relations (table/id)
     */
    protected function createEntryDataForDatabaseRelationsUsingRecord(string $tableName, array $record, string $fieldName, string $flexPointer, array $items)
    {
        foreach ($items as $sort => $i) {
            $this->relations[] = $this->createEntryDataUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, $flexPointer, $i['table'], (int)$i['id'], '', $sort);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add SoftReference references to ->relations array based on fetched record
     *
     * @param string $tableName Tablename of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param array $record Record from $tableName
     * @param string $fieldName Fieldname of source record (where reference is located)
     * @param string $flexPointer Pointer to location inside FlexForm structure where reference is located in $fieldName
     * @param array $keys Data array with soft reference keys
     */
    protected function createEntryDataForSoftReferencesUsingRecord(string $tableName, array $record, string $fieldName, string $flexPointer, array $keys)
    {
        foreach ($keys as $spKey => $elements) {
            if (is_array($elements)) {
                foreach ($elements as $subKey => $el) {
                    if (is_array($el['subst'] ?? false)) {
                        switch ((string)$el['subst']['type']) {
                            case 'db':
                                [$referencedTable, $referencedUid] = explode(':', $el['subst']['recordRef']);
                                $this->relations[] = $this->createEntryDataUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, $flexPointer, $referencedTable, (int)$referencedUid, '', -1, $spKey, $subKey);
                                break;
                            case 'string':
                                $this->relations[] = $this->createEntryDataUsingRecord($tableName, $record, $fieldName, $flexPointer, '_STRING', 0, $el['subst']['tokenValue'], -1, $spKey, $subKey);
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*******************************
     *
     * Get relations from table row
     *
     *******************************/

    /**
     * Returns relation information for a $table/$row-array
     * Traverses all fields in input row which are configured in TCA/columns
     * It looks for hard relations to records in the TCA types "select" and "group"
     *
     * @param string $table Table name
     * @param array $row Row from table
     * @param string $onlyField Specific field to fetch for.
     * @return array Array with information about relations
     * @see export_addRecord()
     */
    public function getRelations($table, $row, $onlyField = '')
    {
        // Initialize:
        $uid = $row['uid'];
        $outRow = [];
        foreach ($row as $field => $value) {
            if ($this->shouldExcludeTableColumnFromReferenceIndex($table, $field, $onlyField) === false) {
                $conf = $GLOBALS['TCA'][$table]['columns'][$field]['config'];
                // Add a softref definition for link fields if the TCA does not specify one already
                if ($conf['type'] === 'input' && isset($conf['renderType']) && $conf['renderType'] === 'inputLink' && empty($conf['softref'])) {
                    $conf['softref'] = 'typolink';
                }
                // Add DB:
                $resultsFromDatabase = $this->getRelations_procDB($value, $conf, $uid, $table, $row);
                if (!empty($resultsFromDatabase)) {
                    // Create an entry for the field with all DB relations:
                    $outRow[$field] = [
                        'type' => 'db',
                        'itemArray' => $resultsFromDatabase,
                    ];
                }
                // For "flex" fieldtypes we need to traverse the structure looking for db references of course!
                if ($conf['type'] === 'flex') {
                    // Get current value array:
                    // NOTICE: failure to resolve Data Structures can lead to integrity problems with the reference index. Please look up
                    // the note in the JavaDoc documentation for the function FlexFormTools->getDataStructureIdentifier()
                    $currentValueArray = GeneralUtility::xml2array($value);
                    // Traversing the XML structure, processing:
                    if (is_array($currentValueArray)) {
                        $this->temp_flexRelations = [
                            'db' => [],
                            'softrefs' => [],
                        ];
                        // Create and call iterator object:
                        $flexFormTools = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(FlexFormTools::class);
                        $flexFormTools->traverseFlexFormXMLData($table, $field, $row, $this, 'getRelations_flexFormCallBack');
                        // Create an entry for the field:
                        $outRow[$field] = [
                            'type' => 'flex',
                            'flexFormRels' => $this->temp_flexRelations,
                        ];
                    }
                }
                // Soft References:
                if ((string)$value !== '') {
                    $softRefValue = $value;
                    if (!empty($conf['softref'])) {
                        foreach ($this->softReferenceParserFactory->getParsersBySoftRefParserList($conf['softref']) as $softReferenceParser) {
                            $parserResult = $softReferenceParser->parse($table, $field, $uid, $softRefValue);
                            if ($parserResult->hasMatched()) {
                                $outRow[$field]['softrefs']['keys'][$softReferenceParser->getParserKey()] = $parserResult->getMatchedElements();
                                if ($parserResult->hasContent()) {
                                    $softRefValue = $parserResult->getContent();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!empty($outRow[$field]['softrefs']) && (string)$value !== (string)$softRefValue && str_contains($softRefValue, '{softref:')) {
                        $outRow[$field]['softrefs']['tokenizedContent'] = $softRefValue;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return $outRow;
    }

    /**
     * Callback function for traversing the FlexForm structure in relation to finding DB references!
     *
     * @param array $dsArr Data structure for the current value
     * @param mixed $dataValue Current value
     * @param array $PA Additional configuration used in calling function
     * @param string $structurePath Path of value in DS structure
     * @see DataHandler::checkValue_flex_procInData_travDS()
     * @see FlexFormTools::traverseFlexFormXMLData()
     */
    public function getRelations_flexFormCallBack($dsArr, $dataValue, $PA, $structurePath)
    {
        // Removing "data/" in the beginning of path (which points to location in data array)
        $structurePath = substr($structurePath, 5) . '/';
        $dsConf = $dsArr['TCEforms']['config'];
        // Implode parameter values:
        [$table, $uid, $field] = [
            $PA['table'],
            $PA['uid'],
            $PA['field'],
        ];
        // Add a softref definition for link fields if the TCA does not specify one already
        if (($dsConf['type'] ?? '') === 'input' && ($dsConf['renderType'] ?? '') === 'inputLink' && empty($dsConf['softref'])) {
            $dsConf['softref'] = 'typolink';
        }
        // Add DB:
        $resultsFromDatabase = $this->getRelations_procDB($dataValue, $dsConf, $uid, $table);
        if (!empty($resultsFromDatabase)) {
            // Create an entry for the field with all DB relations:
            $this->temp_flexRelations['db'][$structurePath] = $resultsFromDatabase;
        }
        // Soft References:
        if (is_array($dataValue) || (string)$dataValue !== '') {
            $softRefValue = $dataValue;
            foreach ($this->softReferenceParserFactory->getParsersBySoftRefParserList($dsConf['softref'] ?? '') as $softReferenceParser) {
                $parserResult = $softReferenceParser->parse($table, $field, $uid, $softRefValue, $structurePath);
                if ($parserResult->hasMatched()) {
                    $this->temp_flexRelations['softrefs'][$structurePath]['keys'][$softReferenceParser->getParserKey()] = $parserResult->getMatchedElements();
                    if ($parserResult->hasContent()) {
                        $softRefValue = $parserResult->getContent();
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!empty($this->temp_flexRelations['softrefs']) && (string)$dataValue !== (string)$softRefValue) {
                $this->temp_flexRelations['softrefs'][$structurePath]['tokenizedContent'] = $softRefValue;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check field configuration if it is a DB relation field and extract DB relations if any
     *
     * @param string $value Field value
     * @param array $conf Field configuration array of type "TCA/columns
     * @param int $uid Field uid
     * @param string $table Table name
     * @param array $row
     * @return array|bool If field type is OK it will return an array with the database relations. Else FALSE
     */
    protected function getRelations_procDB($value, $conf, $uid, $table = '', array $row = [])
    {
        // Get IRRE relations
        if (empty($conf)) {
            return false;
        }
        if ($conf['type'] === 'inline' && !empty($conf['foreign_table']) && empty($conf['MM'])) {
            $dbAnalysis = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(RelationHandler::class);
            $dbAnalysis->setUseLiveReferenceIds(false);
            $dbAnalysis->setWorkspaceId($this->getWorkspaceId());
            $dbAnalysis->start($value, $conf['foreign_table'], '', $uid, $table, $conf);
            return $dbAnalysis->itemArray;
            // DB record lists:
        }
        if ($this->isDbReferenceField($conf)) {
            $allowedTables = $conf['type'] === 'group' ? $conf['allowed'] : $conf['foreign_table'];
            if ($conf['MM_opposite_field'] ?? false) {
                // Never handle sys_refindex when looking at MM from foreign side
                return [];
            }

            $dbAnalysis = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(RelationHandler::class);
            $dbAnalysis->setWorkspaceId($this->getWorkspaceId());
            $dbAnalysis->start($value, $allowedTables, $conf['MM'] ?? '', $uid, $table, $conf);
            $itemArray = $dbAnalysis->itemArray;

            if (ExtensionManagementUtility::isLoaded('workspaces')
                && $this->getWorkspaceId() > 0
                && !empty($conf['MM'] ?? '')
                && !empty($conf['allowed'] ?? '')
                && empty($conf['MM_opposite_field'] ?? '')
                && (int)($row['t3ver_wsid'] ?? 0) === 0
            ) {
                // When dealing with local side mm relations in workspace 0, there may be workspace records on the foreign
                // side, for instance when those got an additional category. See ManyToMany Modify addCategoryRelations test.
                // In those cases, the full set of relations must be written to sys_refindex as workspace rows.
                // But, if the relations in this workspace and live are identical, no sys_refindex workspace rows
                // have to be added.
                $dbAnalysis = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(RelationHandler::class);
                $dbAnalysis->setWorkspaceId(0);
                $dbAnalysis->start($value, $allowedTables, $conf['MM'], $uid, $table, $conf);
                $itemArrayLive = $dbAnalysis->itemArray;
                if ($itemArrayLive === $itemArray) {
                    $itemArray = false;
                }
            }
            return $itemArray;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /*******************************
     *
     * Setting values
     *
     *******************************/

    /**
     * Setting the value of a reference or removing it completely.
     * Usage: For lowlevel clean up operations!
     * WARNING: With this you can set values that are not allowed in the database since it will bypass all checks for validity!
     * Hence it is targeted at clean-up operations. Please use DataHandler in the usual ways if you wish to manipulate references.
     * Since this interface allows updates to soft reference values (which DataHandler does not directly) you may like to use it
     * for that as an exception to the warning above.
     * Notice; If you want to remove multiple references from the same field, you MUST start with the one having the highest
     * sorting number. If you don't the removal of a reference with a lower number will recreate an index in which the remaining
     * references in that field has new hash-keys due to new sorting numbers - and you will get errors for the remaining operations
     * which cannot find the hash you feed it!
     * To ensure proper working only admin-BE_USERS in live workspace should use this function
     *
     * @param string $hash 32-byte hash string identifying the record from sys_refindex which you wish to change the value for
     * @param mixed $newValue Value you wish to set for reference. If NULL, the reference is removed (unless a soft-reference in which case it can only be set to a blank string). If you wish to set a database reference, use the format "[table]:[uid]". Any other case, the input value is set as-is
     * @param bool $returnDataArray Return $dataArray only, do not submit it to database.
     * @param bool $bypassWorkspaceAdminCheck If set, it will bypass check for workspace-zero and admin user
     * @return string|bool|array FALSE (=OK), error message string or array (if $returnDataArray is set!)
     */
    public function setReferenceValue($hash, $newValue, $returnDataArray = false, $bypassWorkspaceAdminCheck = false)
    {
        $backendUser = $this->getBackendUser();
        if ($backendUser->workspace === 0 && $backendUser->isAdmin() || $bypassWorkspaceAdminCheck) {
            $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
            $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();

            // Get current index from Database
            $referenceRecord = $queryBuilder
                ->select('*')
                ->from('sys_refindex')
                ->where(
                    $queryBuilder->expr()->eq('hash', $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($hash, \PDO::PARAM_STR))
                )
                ->setMaxResults(1)
                ->executeQuery()
                ->fetchAssociative();

            // Check if reference existed.
            if (!is_array($referenceRecord)) {
                return 'ERROR: No reference record with hash="' . $hash . '" was found!';
            }

            if (empty($GLOBALS['TCA'][$referenceRecord['tablename']])) {
                return 'ERROR: Table "' . $referenceRecord['tablename'] . '" was not in TCA!';
            }

            // Get that record from database
            $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)
                ->getQueryBuilderForTable($referenceRecord['tablename']);
            $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
            $record = $queryBuilder
                ->select('*')
                ->from($referenceRecord['tablename'])
                ->where(
                    $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                        'uid',
                        $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($referenceRecord['recuid'], \PDO::PARAM_INT)
                    )
                )
                ->setMaxResults(1)
                ->executeQuery()
                ->fetchAssociative();

            if (is_array($record)) {
                // Get relation for single field from record
                $recordRelations = $this->getRelations($referenceRecord['tablename'], $record, $referenceRecord['field']);
                if ($fieldRelation = $recordRelations[$referenceRecord['field']]) {
                    // Initialize data array that is to be sent to DataHandler afterwards:
                    $dataArray = [];
                    // Based on type
                    switch ((string)$fieldRelation['type']) {
                        case 'db':
                            $error = $this->setReferenceValue_dbRels($referenceRecord, $fieldRelation['itemArray'], $newValue, $dataArray);
                            if ($error) {
                                return $error;
                            }
                            break;
                        case 'flex':
                            // DB references in FlexForms
                            if (is_array($fieldRelation['flexFormRels']['db'][$referenceRecord['flexpointer']])) {
                                $error = $this->setReferenceValue_dbRels($referenceRecord, $fieldRelation['flexFormRels']['db'][$referenceRecord['flexpointer']], $newValue, $dataArray, $referenceRecord['flexpointer']);
                                if ($error) {
                                    return $error;
                                }
                            }
                            // Soft references in FlexForms
                            if ($referenceRecord['softref_key'] && is_array($fieldRelation['flexFormRels']['softrefs'][$referenceRecord['flexpointer']]['keys'][$referenceRecord['softref_key']])) {
                                $error = $this->setReferenceValue_softreferences($referenceRecord, $fieldRelation['flexFormRels']['softrefs'][$referenceRecord['flexpointer']], $newValue, $dataArray, $referenceRecord['flexpointer']);
                                if ($error) {
                                    return $error;
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                    // Soft references in the field:
                    if ($referenceRecord['softref_key'] && is_array($fieldRelation['softrefs']['keys'][$referenceRecord['softref_key']])) {
                        $error = $this->setReferenceValue_softreferences($referenceRecord, $fieldRelation['softrefs'], $newValue, $dataArray);
                        if ($error) {
                            return $error;
                        }
                    }
                    // Data Array, now ready to be sent to DataHandler
                    if ($returnDataArray) {
                        return $dataArray;
                    }
                    // Execute CMD array:
                    $dataHandler = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DataHandler::class);
                    $dataHandler->dontProcessTransformations = true;
                    $dataHandler->bypassWorkspaceRestrictions = true;
                    // Otherwise this may lead to permission issues if user is not admin
                    $dataHandler->bypassAccessCheckForRecords = true;
                    // Check has been done previously that there is a backend user which is Admin and also in live workspace
                    $dataHandler->start($dataArray, []);
                    $dataHandler->process_datamap();
                    // Return errors if any:
                    if (!empty($dataHandler->errorLog)) {
                        return LF . 'DataHandler:' . implode(LF . 'DataHandler:', $dataHandler->errorLog);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return 'ERROR: BE_USER object is not admin OR not in workspace 0 (Live)';
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Setting a value for a reference for a DB field:
     *
     * @param array $refRec sys_refindex record
     * @param array $itemArray Array of references from that field
     * @param string $newValue Value to substitute current value with (or NULL to unset it)
     * @param array $dataArray Data array in which the new value is set (passed by reference)
     * @param string $flexPointer Flexform pointer, if in a flex form field.
     * @return string Error message if any, otherwise FALSE = OK
     */
    protected function setReferenceValue_dbRels($refRec, $itemArray, $newValue, &$dataArray, $flexPointer = '')
    {
        if ((int)$itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['id'] === (int)$refRec['ref_uid'] && (string)$itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['table'] === (string)$refRec['ref_table']) {
            // Setting or removing value:
            // Remove value:
            if ($newValue === null) {
                unset($itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]);
            } else {
                [$itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['table'], $itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['id']] = explode(':', $newValue);
            }
            // Traverse and compile new list of records:
            $saveValue = [];
            foreach ($itemArray as $pair) {
                $saveValue[] = $pair['table'] . '_' . $pair['id'];
            }
            // Set in data array:
            if ($flexPointer) {
                $dataArray[$refRec['tablename']][$refRec['recuid']][$refRec['field']]['data'] = ArrayUtility::setValueByPath(
                    [],
                    substr($flexPointer, 0, -1),
                    implode(',', $saveValue)
                );
            } else {
                $dataArray[$refRec['tablename']][$refRec['recuid']][$refRec['field']] = implode(',', $saveValue);
            }
        } else {
            return 'ERROR: table:id pair "' . $refRec['ref_table'] . ':' . $refRec['ref_uid'] . '" did not match that of the record ("' . $itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['table'] . ':' . $itemArray[$refRec['sorting']]['id'] . '") in sorting index "' . $refRec['sorting'] . '"';
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Setting a value for a soft reference token
     *
     * @param array $refRec sys_refindex record
     * @param array $softref Array of soft reference occurrences
     * @param string $newValue Value to substitute current value with
     * @param array $dataArray Data array in which the new value is set (passed by reference)
     * @param string $flexPointer Flexform pointer, if in a flex form field.
     * @return string Error message if any, otherwise FALSE = OK
     */
    protected function setReferenceValue_softreferences($refRec, $softref, $newValue, &$dataArray, $flexPointer = '')
    {
        if (!is_array($softref['keys'][$refRec['softref_key']][$refRec['softref_id']])) {
            return 'ERROR: Soft reference parser key "' . $refRec['softref_key'] . '" or the index "' . $refRec['softref_id'] . '" was not found.';
        }

        // Set new value:
        $softref['keys'][$refRec['softref_key']][$refRec['softref_id']]['subst']['tokenValue'] = '' . $newValue;
        // Traverse softreferences and replace in tokenized content to rebuild it with new value inside:
        foreach ($softref['keys'] as $sfIndexes) {
            foreach ($sfIndexes as $data) {
                $softref['tokenizedContent'] = str_replace('{softref:' . $data['subst']['tokenID'] . '}', $data['subst']['tokenValue'], $softref['tokenizedContent']);
            }
        }
        // Set in data array:
        if (!str_contains($softref['tokenizedContent'], '{softref:')) {
            if ($flexPointer) {
                $dataArray[$refRec['tablename']][$refRec['recuid']][$refRec['field']]['data'] = ArrayUtility::setValueByPath(
                    [],
                    substr($flexPointer, 0, -1),
                    $softref['tokenizedContent']
                );
            } else {
                $dataArray[$refRec['tablename']][$refRec['recuid']][$refRec['field']] = $softref['tokenizedContent'];
            }
        } else {
            return 'ERROR: After substituting all found soft references there were still soft reference tokens in the text. (theoretically this does not have to be an error if the string "{softref:" happens to be in the field for another reason.)';
        }

        return false;
    }

    /*******************************
     *
     * Helper functions
     *
     *******************************/

    /**
     * Returns TRUE if the TCA/columns field type is a DB reference field
     *
     * @param array $configuration Config array for TCA/columns field
     * @return bool TRUE if DB reference field (group/db or select with foreign-table)
     */
    protected function isDbReferenceField(array $configuration): bool
    {
        return
            ($configuration['type'] === 'group' && ($configuration['internal_type'] ?? '') !== 'folder')
            || (
                in_array($configuration['type'], ['select', 'category', 'inline'], true)
                && !empty($configuration['foreign_table'])
            );
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE if the TCA/columns field type is a reference field
     *
     * @param array $configuration Config array for TCA/columns field
     * @return bool TRUE if reference field
     */
    protected function isReferenceField(array $configuration): bool
    {
        return
            $this->isDbReferenceField($configuration)
            || ($configuration['type'] === 'input' && isset($configuration['renderType']) && $configuration['renderType'] === 'inputLink')
            || $configuration['type'] === 'flex'
            || isset($configuration['softref'])
            ;
    }

    /**
     * Returns all fields of a table which could contain a relation
     *
     * @param string $tableName Name of the table
     * @return array Fields which may contain relations
     */
    protected function fetchTableRelationFields(string $tableName): array
    {
        if (!empty($this->tableRelationFieldCache[$tableName])) {
            return $this->tableRelationFieldCache[$tableName];
        }
        if (!isset($GLOBALS['TCA'][$tableName]['columns'])) {
            return [];
        }
        $fields = [];
        foreach ($GLOBALS['TCA'][$tableName]['columns'] as $field => $fieldDefinition) {
            if (is_array($fieldDefinition['config'])) {
                // Check for flex field
                if (isset($fieldDefinition['config']['type']) && $fieldDefinition['config']['type'] === 'flex') {
                    // Fetch all fields if the is a field of type flex in the table definition because the complete row is passed to
                    // FlexFormTools->getDataStructureIdentifier() in the end and might be needed in ds_pointerField or a hook
                    $this->tableRelationFieldCache[$tableName] = ['*'];
                    return ['*'];
                }
                // Only fetch this field if it can contain a reference
                if ($this->isReferenceField($fieldDefinition['config'])) {
                    $fields[] = $field;
                }
            }
        }
        $this->tableRelationFieldCache[$tableName] = $fields;
        return $fields;
    }

    /**
     * Updating Index (External API)
     *
     * @param bool $testOnly If set, only a test
     * @param ProgressListenerInterface|null $progressListener If set, the current progress is added to the listener
     * @return array Header and body status content
     * @todo: Consider moving this together with the helper methods to a dedicated class.
     */
    public function updateIndex($testOnly, ?ProgressListenerInterface $progressListener = null)
    {
        $errors = [];
        $tableNames = [];
        $recCount = 0;
        $isWorkspacesLoaded = ExtensionManagementUtility::isLoaded('workspaces');
        $connectionPool = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class);
        $refIndexConnectionName = empty($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['TableMapping']['sys_refindex'])
                ? ConnectionPool::DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME
                : $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['TableMapping']['sys_refindex'];

        // Drop sys_refindex rows from deleted workspaces
        $listOfActiveWorkspaces = $this->getListOfActiveWorkspaces();
        $unusedWorkspaceRows = $this->getAmountOfUnusedWorkspaceRowsInReferenceIndex($listOfActiveWorkspaces);
        if ($unusedWorkspaceRows > 0) {
            $error = 'Index table hosted ' . $unusedWorkspaceRows . ' indexes for non-existing or deleted workspaces, now removed.';
            $errors[] = $error;
            if ($progressListener) {
                $progressListener->log($error, LogLevel::WARNING);
            }
            if (!$testOnly) {
                $this->removeUnusedWorkspaceRowsFromReferenceIndex($listOfActiveWorkspaces);
            }
        }

        // Main loop traverses all records of all TCA tables
        foreach ($GLOBALS['TCA'] as $tableName => $cfg) {
            if ($this->shouldExcludeTableFromReferenceIndex($tableName)) {
                continue;
            }
            $tableConnectionName = empty($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['TableMapping'][$tableName])
                ? ConnectionPool::DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME
                : $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['DB']['TableMapping'][$tableName];

            // Some additional magic is needed if the table has a field that is the local side of
            // a mm relation. See the variable usage below for details.
            $tableHasLocalSideMmRelation = false;
            foreach (($cfg['columns'] ?? []) as $fieldConfig) {
                if (!empty($fieldConfig['config']['MM'] ?? '')
                    && !empty($fieldConfig['config']['allowed'] ?? '')
                    && empty($fieldConfig['config']['MM_opposite_field'] ?? '')
                ) {
                    $tableHasLocalSideMmRelation = true;
                }
            }

            $fields = ['uid'];
            if (BackendUtility::isTableWorkspaceEnabled($tableName)) {
                $fields[] = 't3ver_wsid';
            }
            // Traverse all records in tables, including deleted records
            $queryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable($tableName);
            $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
            try {
                $queryResult = $queryBuilder
                    ->select(...$fields)
                    ->from($tableName)
                    ->orderBy('uid')
                    ->executeQuery();
            } catch (DBALException $e) {
                // Table exists in TCA but does not exist in the database
                $this->logger->error('Table {table_name} exists in TCA but does not exist in the database. You should run the Database Analyzer in the Install Tool to fix this.', [
                    'table_name' => $tableName,
                    'exception' => $e,
                ]);
                continue;
            }

            if ($progressListener) {
                $progressListener->start($queryResult->rowCount(), $tableName);
            }
            $tableNames[] = $tableName;
            while ($record = $queryResult->fetchAssociative()) {
                if ($progressListener) {
                    $progressListener->advance();
                }

                if ($isWorkspacesLoaded && $tableHasLocalSideMmRelation && (int)($record['t3ver_wsid'] ?? 0) === 0) {
                    // If we have record that can be the local side of a workspace relation, workspace records
                    // may point to it, even though the record has no workspace overlay. See workspace ManyToMany
                    // Modify addCategoryRelation as example. In those cases, we need to iterate all active workspaces
                    // and update refindex for all foreign workspace records that point to it.
                    foreach ($listOfActiveWorkspaces as $workspaceId) {
                        $refIndexObj = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(self::class);
                        $refIndexObj->setWorkspaceId($workspaceId);
                        $result = $refIndexObj->updateRefIndexTable($tableName, $record['uid'], $testOnly);
                        $recCount++;
                        if ($result['addedNodes'] || $result['deletedNodes']) {
                            $error = 'Record ' . $tableName . ':' . $record['uid'] . ' had ' . $result['addedNodes'] . ' added indexes and ' . $result['deletedNodes'] . ' deleted indexes';
                            $errors[] = $error;
                            if ($progressListener) {
                                $progressListener->log($error, LogLevel::WARNING);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $refIndexObj = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(self::class);
                    if (isset($record['t3ver_wsid'])) {
                        $refIndexObj->setWorkspaceId($record['t3ver_wsid']);
                    }
                    $result = $refIndexObj->updateRefIndexTable($tableName, $record['uid'], $testOnly);
                    $recCount++;
                    if ($result['addedNodes'] || $result['deletedNodes']) {
                        $error = 'Record ' . $tableName . ':' . $record['uid'] . ' had ' . $result['addedNodes'] . ' added indexes and ' . $result['deletedNodes'] . ' deleted indexes';
                        $errors[] = $error;
                        if ($progressListener) {
                            $progressListener->log($error, LogLevel::WARNING);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($progressListener) {
                $progressListener->finish();
            }

            // Subselect based queries only work on the same connection
            // @todo: Consider dropping this in v12 and always use sub select: The base set of tables should
            //        be in exactly one DB and only tables like caches should be "extractable" to a different DB?!
            //        Even though sys_refindex is a "cache-like" table since it only holds secondary information that
            //        can always be re-created by analyzing the entire data set, it shouldn't be possible to run it
            //        on a different database since that prevents quick joins between sys_refindex and target relations.
            //        We should probably have some report and/or install tool check to make sure all main tables
            //        are on the same connection in v12.
            if ($refIndexConnectionName !== $tableConnectionName) {
                $this->logger->error('Not checking table {table_name} for lost indexes, "sys_refindex" table uses a different connection', ['table_name' => $tableName]);
                continue;
            }

            // Searching for lost indexes for this table
            // Build sub-query to find lost records
            $subQueryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable($tableName);
            $subQueryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
            $subQueryBuilder
                ->select('uid')
                ->from($tableName, 'sub_' . $tableName)
                ->where(
                    $subQueryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                        'sub_' . $tableName . '.uid',
                        $queryBuilder->quoteIdentifier('sys_refindex.recuid')
                    )
                );

            // Main query to find lost records
            $queryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
            $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
            $lostIndexes = $queryBuilder
                ->count('hash')
                ->from('sys_refindex')
                ->where(
                    $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                        'tablename',
                        $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableName, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
                    ),
                    'NOT EXISTS (' . $subQueryBuilder->getSQL() . ')'
                )
                ->executeQuery()
                ->fetchOne();

            if ($lostIndexes > 0) {
                $error = 'Table ' . $tableName . ' has ' . $lostIndexes . ' lost indexes which are now deleted';
                $errors[] = $error;
                if ($progressListener) {
                    $progressListener->log($error, LogLevel::WARNING);
                }
                if (!$testOnly) {
                    $queryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
                    $queryBuilder->delete('sys_refindex')
                        ->where(
                            $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                                'tablename',
                                $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableName, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
                            ),
                            'NOT EXISTS (' . $subQueryBuilder->getSQL() . ')'
                        )
                        ->executeStatement();
                }
            }
        }

        // Searching lost indexes for non-existing tables
        // @todo: Consider moving this *before* the main re-index logic to have a smaller
        //        dataset when starting with heavy lifting.
        $lostTables = $this->getAmountOfUnusedTablesInReferenceIndex($tableNames);
        if ($lostTables > 0) {
            $error = 'Index table hosted ' . $lostTables . ' indexes for non-existing tables, now removed';
            $errors[] = $error;
            if ($progressListener) {
                $progressListener->log($error, LogLevel::WARNING);
            }
            if (!$testOnly) {
                $this->removeReferenceIndexDataFromUnusedDatabaseTables($tableNames);
            }
        }
        $errorCount = count($errors);
        $recordsCheckedString = $recCount . ' records from ' . count($tableNames) . ' tables were checked/updated.';
        if ($progressListener) {
            if ($errorCount) {
                $progressListener->log($recordsCheckedString . 'Updates: ' . $errorCount, LogLevel::WARNING);
            } else {
                $progressListener->log($recordsCheckedString . 'Index Integrity was perfect!', LogLevel::INFO);
            }
        }
        if (!$testOnly) {
            $registry = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(Registry::class);
            $registry->set('core', 'sys_refindex_lastUpdate', $GLOBALS['EXEC_TIME']);
        }
        return ['resultText' => trim($recordsCheckedString), 'errors' => $errors];
    }

    /**
     * Helper method of updateIndex().
     * Create list of non-deleted "active" workspace uid's. This contains at least 0 "live workspace".
     *
     * @return int[]
     */
    private function getListOfActiveWorkspaces(): array
    {
        if (!ExtensionManagementUtility::isLoaded('workspaces')) {
            // If ext:workspaces is not loaded, "0" is the only valid one.
            return [0];
        }
        $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_workspace');
        // There are no "hidden" workspaces, which wouldn't make much sense anyways.
        $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll()->add(GeneralUtility::makeInstance(DeletedRestriction::class));
        $result = $queryBuilder->select('uid')->from('sys_workspace')->orderBy('uid')->executeQuery();
        // "0", plus non-deleted workspaces are active
        $activeWorkspaces = [0];
        while ($row = $result->fetchFirstColumn()) {
            $activeWorkspaces[] = (int)$row[0];
        }
        return $activeWorkspaces;
    }

    /**
     * Helper method of updateIndex() to find number of rows in sys_refindex that
     * relate to a non-existing or deleted workspace record, even if workspaces is
     * not loaded at all, but has been loaded somewhere in the past and sys_refindex
     * rows have been created.
     */
    private function getAmountOfUnusedWorkspaceRowsInReferenceIndex(array $activeWorkspaces): int
    {
        $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
        $numberOfInvalidWorkspaceRecords = $queryBuilder->count('hash')
            ->from('sys_refindex')
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->notIn(
                    'workspace',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($activeWorkspaces, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY)
                )
            )
            ->executeQuery()
            ->fetchOne();
        return (int)$numberOfInvalidWorkspaceRecords;
    }

    /**
     * Pair method of getAmountOfUnusedWorkspaceRowsInReferenceIndex() to actually delete
     * sys_refindex rows of deleted workspace records, or all if ext:workspace is not loaded.
     */
    private function removeUnusedWorkspaceRowsFromReferenceIndex(array $activeWorkspaces): void
    {
        $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
        $queryBuilder->delete('sys_refindex')
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->notIn(
                    'workspace',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($activeWorkspaces, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY)
                )
            )
            ->executeStatement();
    }

    protected function getAmountOfUnusedTablesInReferenceIndex(array $tableNames): int
    {
        $connectionPool = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class);
        $queryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
        $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
        $lostTables = $queryBuilder
            ->count('hash')
            ->from('sys_refindex')
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->notIn(
                    'tablename',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableNames, Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)
                )
            )->executeQuery()
            ->fetchOne();
        return (int)$lostTables;
    }

    protected function removeReferenceIndexDataFromUnusedDatabaseTables(array $tableNames): void
    {
        $connectionPool = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class);
        $queryBuilder = $connectionPool->getQueryBuilderForTable('sys_refindex');
        $queryBuilder->delete('sys_refindex')
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->notIn(
                    'tablename',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($tableNames, Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)
                )
            )->executeStatement();
    }

    /**
     * Get one record from database.
     *
     * @param string $tableName
     * @param int $uid
     * @return array|false
     */
    protected function getRecord(string $tableName, int $uid)
    {
        // Fetch fields of the table which might contain relations
        $tableRelationFields = $this->fetchTableRelationFields($tableName);

        if ($tableRelationFields === []) {
            // Return if there are no fields which could contain relations
            return $this->relations;
        }
        if ($tableRelationFields !== ['*']) {
            // Only fields that might contain relations are fetched
            $tableRelationFields[] = 'uid';
            if (BackendUtility::isTableWorkspaceEnabled($tableName)) {
                $tableRelationFields = array_merge($tableRelationFields, ['t3ver_wsid', 't3ver_state']);
            }
        }

        $queryBuilder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(ConnectionPool::class)
            ->getQueryBuilderForTable($tableName);
        $queryBuilder->getRestrictions()->removeAll();
        $queryBuilder
            ->select(...array_unique($tableRelationFields))
            ->from($tableName)
            ->where(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                    'uid',
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($uid, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
                )
            );
        // Do not fetch soft deleted records
        $deleteField = (string)($GLOBALS['TCA'][$tableName]['ctrl']['delete'] ?? '');
        if ($deleteField !== '') {
            $queryBuilder->andWhere(
                $queryBuilder->expr()->eq(
                    $deleteField,
                    $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter(0, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
                )
            );
        }
        return $queryBuilder->executeQuery()->fetchAssociative();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given table should be excluded from ReferenceIndex
     *
     * @param string $tableName Name of the table
     * @return bool true if it should be excluded
     */
    protected function shouldExcludeTableFromReferenceIndex(string $tableName): bool
    {
        if (isset($this->excludedTables[$tableName])) {
            return $this->excludedTables[$tableName];
        }
        // Only exclude tables from ReferenceIndex which do not contain any relations and never
        // did since existing references won't be deleted!
        $event = new IsTableExcludedFromReferenceIndexEvent($tableName);
        $event = $this->eventDispatcher->dispatch($event);
        $this->excludedTables[$tableName] = $event->isTableExcluded();
        return $this->excludedTables[$tableName];
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given column in a given table should be excluded in the ReferenceIndex process
     *
     * @param string $tableName Name of the table
     * @param string $column Name of the column
     * @param string $onlyColumn Name of a specific column to fetch
     * @return bool true if it should be excluded
     */
    protected function shouldExcludeTableColumnFromReferenceIndex(
        string $tableName,
        string $column,
        string $onlyColumn
    ): bool {
        if (isset($this->excludedColumns[$column])) {
            return true;
        }
        if (is_array($GLOBALS['TCA'][$tableName]['columns'][$column] ?? false)
            && (!$onlyColumn || $onlyColumn === $column)
        ) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Enables the runtime-based caches
     * Could lead to side effects, depending if the reference index instance is run multiple times
     * while records would be changed.
     *
     * @deprecated since v11, will be removed in v12.
     */
    public function enableRuntimeCache()
    {
        trigger_error('Calling ReferenceIndex->enableRuntimeCache() is obsolete and should be dropped.', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the runtime-based cache
     *
     * @deprecated since v11, will be removed in v12.
     */
    public function disableRuntimeCache()
    {
        trigger_error('Calling ReferenceIndex->disableRuntimeCache() is obsolete and should be dropped.', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current BE user.
     *
     * @return \TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\BackendUserAuthentication
     */
    protected function getBackendUser()
    {
        return $GLOBALS['BE_USER'];
    }
}