1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 * 37 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 38 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94 39 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $ 40 * $DragonFly: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:22:49 dillon Exp $ 41 */ 42 43 #include <sys/param.h> 44 #include <sys/stat.h> 45 #include <sys/conf.h> 46 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 47 #include <sys/filio.h> 48 #include <sys/time.h> 49 50 #include <ctype.h> 51 #include <err.h> 52 #include <errno.h> 53 #include <fcntl.h> 54 #include <locale.h> 55 #include <stdio.h> 56 #include <stdlib.h> 57 #include <string.h> 58 #include <unistd.h> 59 60 #include "dd.h" 61 #include "extern.h" 62 63 static void dd_close __P((void)); 64 static void dd_in __P((void)); 65 int main __P((int, char *[])); 66 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 67 static void setup __P((void)); 68 69 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 70 STAT st; /* statistics */ 71 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 72 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 73 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 74 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 75 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 76 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 77 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 78 79 int 80 main(argc, argv) 81 int argc __unused; 82 char *argv[]; 83 { 84 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 85 jcl(argv); 86 setup(); 87 88 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 89 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 90 91 atexit(summary); 92 93 while (files_cnt--) 94 dd_in(); 95 96 dd_close(); 97 exit(0); 98 } 99 100 static void 101 setup() 102 { 103 u_int cnt; 104 struct timeval tv; 105 106 if (in.name == NULL) { 107 in.name = "stdin"; 108 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 109 } else { 110 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 111 if (in.fd == -1) 112 err(1, "%s", in.name); 113 } 114 115 getfdtype(&in); 116 117 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 118 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 119 120 if (out.name == NULL) { 121 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 122 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 123 out.name = "stdout"; 124 } else { 125 #define OFLAGS \ 126 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 127 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 128 /* 129 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 130 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 131 * not support seeks. 132 */ 133 if (out.fd == -1) { 134 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 135 out.flags |= NOREAD; 136 } 137 if (out.fd == -1) 138 err(1, "%s", out.name); 139 } 140 141 getfdtype(&out); 142 143 /* 144 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 145 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 146 */ 147 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) { 148 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 149 err(1, "input buffer"); 150 out.db = in.db; 151 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 152 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 153 err(1, "output buffer"); 154 in.dbp = in.db; 155 out.dbp = out.db; 156 157 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 158 if (in.offset) 159 pos_in(); 160 if (out.offset) 161 pos_out(); 162 163 /* 164 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file 165 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out. 166 */ 167 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) && 168 out.flags & ISTRUNC) 169 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1) 170 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name); 171 172 /* 173 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 174 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 175 * built-in tables. 176 */ 177 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) { 178 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) { 179 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 180 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 181 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 182 } else { 183 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 184 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 185 } 186 } else { 187 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 188 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 189 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt); 190 } else { 191 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 192 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt); 193 } 194 } 195 ctab = casetab; 196 } 197 198 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 199 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 200 } 201 202 static void 203 getfdtype(io) 204 IO *io; 205 { 206 struct stat sb; 207 int type; 208 209 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 210 err(1, "%s", io->name); 211 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 212 io->flags |= ISTRUNC; 213 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 214 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 215 err(1, "%s", io->name); 216 } else { 217 if (type & D_TAPE) 218 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 219 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) { 220 if (type & D_DISK) { 221 const int one = 1; 222 223 (void)ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one); 224 } 225 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 226 } 227 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 228 io->flags |= ISCHR; 229 } 230 return; 231 } 232 errno = 0; 233 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 234 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 235 else 236 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 237 } 238 239 static void 240 dd_in() 241 { 242 ssize_t n; 243 244 for (;;) { 245 switch (cpy_cnt) { 246 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */ 247 return; 248 case 0: 249 break; 250 default: 251 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt) 252 return; 253 break; 254 } 255 256 /* 257 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 258 * use spaces. 259 */ 260 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 261 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 262 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 263 else 264 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 265 } 266 267 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 268 if (n == 0) { 269 in.dbrcnt = 0; 270 return; 271 } 272 273 /* Read error. */ 274 if (n == -1) { 275 /* 276 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 277 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 278 */ 279 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 280 err(1, "%s", in.name); 281 warn("%s", in.name); 282 summary(); 283 284 /* 285 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the 286 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 287 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 288 * in sector size chunks. 289 */ 290 if (in.flags & ISSEEK && 291 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 292 warn("%s", in.name); 293 294 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 295 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 296 continue; 297 298 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 299 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 300 ++st.in_full; 301 302 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 303 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) { 304 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 305 ++st.in_full; 306 307 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 308 } else { 309 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 310 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 311 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 312 else 313 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 314 ++st.in_part; 315 } 316 317 /* 318 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 319 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 320 * is output without buffering as it is read. 321 */ 322 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 323 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 324 dd_out(1); 325 in.dbcnt = 0; 326 continue; 327 } 328 329 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 330 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 331 ++st.swab; 332 --n; 333 } 334 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n); 335 } 336 337 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 338 (*cfunc)(); 339 } 340 } 341 342 /* 343 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 344 * is truncated. 345 */ 346 static void 347 dd_close() 348 { 349 if (cfunc == def) 350 def_close(); 351 else if (cfunc == block) 352 block_close(); 353 else if (cfunc == unblock) 354 unblock_close(); 355 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 356 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 357 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 358 else 359 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 360 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 361 } 362 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 363 dd_out(1); 364 } 365 366 void 367 dd_out(force) 368 int force; 369 { 370 u_char *outp; 371 size_t cnt, i, n; 372 ssize_t nw; 373 static int warned; 374 int sparse; 375 376 /* 377 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 378 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 379 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 380 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 381 * 382 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 383 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 384 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 385 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 386 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 387 * never happened. 388 * 389 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 390 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 391 */ 392 outp = out.db; 393 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 394 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 395 sparse = 0; 396 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 397 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 398 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 399 if (outp[i] != 0) { 400 sparse = 0; 401 break; 402 } 403 } 404 if (sparse && !force) { 405 pending += cnt; 406 nw = cnt; 407 } else { 408 if (pending != 0) { 409 if (force) 410 pending--; 411 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 412 -1) 413 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 414 out.name); 415 if (force) 416 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 417 pending = 0; 418 } 419 if (cnt) 420 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 421 else 422 return; 423 } 424 425 if (nw <= 0) { 426 if (nw == 0) 427 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 428 if (errno != EINTR) 429 err(1, "%s", out.name); 430 nw = 0; 431 } 432 outp += nw; 433 st.bytes += nw; 434 if ((size_t)nw == n) { 435 if (n != out.dbsz) 436 ++st.out_part; 437 else 438 ++st.out_full; 439 break; 440 } 441 ++st.out_part; 442 if ((size_t)nw == cnt) 443 break; 444 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 445 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", 446 out.name); 447 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 448 warned = 1; 449 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 450 out.name); 451 } 452 } 453 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 454 break; 455 } 456 457 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 458 if (out.dbcnt) 459 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 460 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 461 } 462