xref: /dragonfly/contrib/gcc-4.7/gcc/cp/pt.c (revision 3170ffd7)
1 /* Handle parameterized types (templates) for GNU C++.
2    Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
3    2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
4    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5    Written by Ken Raeburn (raeburn@cygnus.com) while at Watchmaker Computing.
6    Rewritten by Jason Merrill (jason@cygnus.com).
7 
8 This file is part of GCC.
9 
10 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
13 any later version.
14 
15 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
18 GNU General Public License for more details.
19 
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
22 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
23 
24 /* Known bugs or deficiencies include:
25 
26      all methods must be provided in header files; can't use a source
27      file that contains only the method templates and "just win".  */
28 
29 #include "config.h"
30 #include "system.h"
31 #include "coretypes.h"
32 #include "tm.h"
33 #include "tree.h"
34 #include "intl.h"
35 #include "pointer-set.h"
36 #include "flags.h"
37 #include "cp-tree.h"
38 #include "c-family/c-common.h"
39 #include "c-family/c-objc.h"
40 #include "cp-objcp-common.h"
41 #include "tree-inline.h"
42 #include "decl.h"
43 #include "output.h"
44 #include "toplev.h"
45 #include "timevar.h"
46 #include "tree-iterator.h"
47 #include "vecprim.h"
48 
49 /* The type of functions taking a tree, and some additional data, and
50    returning an int.  */
51 typedef int (*tree_fn_t) (tree, void*);
52 
53 /* The PENDING_TEMPLATES is a TREE_LIST of templates whose
54    instantiations have been deferred, either because their definitions
55    were not yet available, or because we were putting off doing the work.  */
56 struct GTY ((chain_next ("%h.next"))) pending_template {
57   struct pending_template *next;
58   struct tinst_level *tinst;
59 };
60 
61 static GTY(()) struct pending_template *pending_templates;
62 static GTY(()) struct pending_template *last_pending_template;
63 
64 int processing_template_parmlist;
65 static int template_header_count;
66 
67 static GTY(()) tree saved_trees;
68 static VEC(int,heap) *inline_parm_levels;
69 
70 static GTY(()) struct tinst_level *current_tinst_level;
71 
72 static GTY(()) tree saved_access_scope;
73 
74 /* Live only within one (recursive) call to tsubst_expr.  We use
75    this to pass the statement expression node from the STMT_EXPR
76    to the EXPR_STMT that is its result.  */
77 static tree cur_stmt_expr;
78 
79 /* A map from local variable declarations in the body of the template
80    presently being instantiated to the corresponding instantiated
81    local variables.  */
82 static htab_t local_specializations;
83 
84 typedef struct GTY(()) spec_entry
85 {
86   tree tmpl;
87   tree args;
88   tree spec;
89 } spec_entry;
90 
91 static GTY ((param_is (spec_entry)))
92   htab_t decl_specializations;
93 
94 static GTY ((param_is (spec_entry)))
95   htab_t type_specializations;
96 
97 /* Contains canonical template parameter types. The vector is indexed by
98    the TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX of the template parameter. Each element is a
99    TREE_LIST, whose TREE_VALUEs contain the canonical template
100    parameters of various types and levels.  */
101 static GTY(()) VEC(tree,gc) *canonical_template_parms;
102 
103 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE 0
104 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL 1
105 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_LESS_CV_QUAL 2
106 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED 4
107 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_INTEGER 8
108 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL 16
109 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL 32
110 #define UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LESS_CV_QUAL 64
111 
112 enum template_base_result {
113   tbr_incomplete_type,
114   tbr_ambiguous_baseclass,
115   tbr_success
116 };
117 
118 static void push_access_scope (tree);
119 static void pop_access_scope (tree);
120 static void push_deduction_access_scope (tree);
121 static void pop_deduction_access_scope (tree);
122 static bool resolve_overloaded_unification (tree, tree, tree, tree,
123 					    unification_kind_t, int,
124 					    bool);
125 static int try_one_overload (tree, tree, tree, tree, tree,
126 			     unification_kind_t, int, bool, bool);
127 static int unify (tree, tree, tree, tree, int, bool);
128 static void add_pending_template (tree);
129 static tree reopen_tinst_level (struct tinst_level *);
130 static tree tsubst_initializer_list (tree, tree);
131 static tree get_class_bindings (tree, tree, tree);
132 static tree coerce_template_parms (tree, tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t,
133 				   bool, bool);
134 static void tsubst_enum	(tree, tree, tree);
135 static tree add_to_template_args (tree, tree);
136 static tree add_outermost_template_args (tree, tree);
137 static bool check_instantiated_args (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
138 static int maybe_adjust_types_for_deduction (unification_kind_t, tree*, tree*,
139 					     tree);
140 static int type_unification_real (tree, tree, tree, const tree *,
141 				  unsigned int, int, unification_kind_t, int,
142 				  bool);
143 static void note_template_header (int);
144 static tree convert_nontype_argument_function (tree, tree);
145 static tree convert_nontype_argument (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
146 static tree convert_template_argument (tree, tree, tree,
147 				       tsubst_flags_t, int, tree);
148 static int for_each_template_parm (tree, tree_fn_t, void*,
149 				   struct pointer_set_t*, bool);
150 static tree expand_template_argument_pack (tree);
151 static tree build_template_parm_index (int, int, int, int, tree, tree);
152 static bool inline_needs_template_parms (tree);
153 static void push_inline_template_parms_recursive (tree, int);
154 static tree retrieve_local_specialization (tree);
155 static void register_local_specialization (tree, tree);
156 static hashval_t hash_specialization (const void *p);
157 static tree reduce_template_parm_level (tree, tree, int, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
158 static int mark_template_parm (tree, void *);
159 static int template_parm_this_level_p (tree, void *);
160 static tree tsubst_friend_function (tree, tree);
161 static tree tsubst_friend_class (tree, tree);
162 static int can_complete_type_without_circularity (tree);
163 static tree get_bindings (tree, tree, tree, bool);
164 static int template_decl_level (tree);
165 static int check_cv_quals_for_unify (int, tree, tree);
166 static void template_parm_level_and_index (tree, int*, int*);
167 static int unify_pack_expansion (tree, tree, tree,
168 				 tree, unification_kind_t, bool, bool);
169 static tree tsubst_template_arg (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
170 static tree tsubst_template_args (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
171 static tree tsubst_template_parms (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
172 static void regenerate_decl_from_template (tree, tree);
173 static tree most_specialized_class (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
174 static tree tsubst_aggr_type (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree, int);
175 static tree tsubst_arg_types (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
176 static tree tsubst_function_type (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
177 static bool check_specialization_scope (void);
178 static tree process_partial_specialization (tree);
179 static void set_current_access_from_decl (tree);
180 static enum template_base_result get_template_base (tree, tree, tree, tree,
181 						    bool , tree *);
182 static tree try_class_unification (tree, tree, tree, tree, bool);
183 static int coerce_template_template_parms (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t,
184 					   tree, tree);
185 static bool template_template_parm_bindings_ok_p (tree, tree);
186 static int template_args_equal (tree, tree);
187 static void tsubst_default_arguments (tree);
188 static tree for_each_template_parm_r (tree *, int *, void *);
189 static tree copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec_1 (tree, tree);
190 static void copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec (tree);
191 static int invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (tree, tsubst_flags_t);
192 static int eq_local_specializations (const void *, const void *);
193 static bool dependent_template_arg_p (tree);
194 static bool any_template_arguments_need_structural_equality_p (tree);
195 static bool dependent_type_p_r (tree);
196 static tree tsubst_expr	(tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree, bool);
197 static tree tsubst_copy	(tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
198 static tree tsubst_pack_expansion (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, tree);
199 static tree tsubst_decl (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
200 static void perform_typedefs_access_check (tree tmpl, tree targs);
201 static void append_type_to_template_for_access_check_1 (tree, tree, tree,
202 							location_t);
203 static tree listify (tree);
204 static tree listify_autos (tree, tree);
205 static tree template_parm_to_arg (tree t);
206 static bool arg_from_parm_pack_p (tree, tree);
207 static tree current_template_args (void);
208 static tree fixup_template_type_parm_type (tree, int);
209 static tree fixup_template_parm_index (tree, tree, int);
210 static tree tsubst_template_parm (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
211 
212 /* Make the current scope suitable for access checking when we are
213    processing T.  T can be FUNCTION_DECL for instantiated function
214    template, or VAR_DECL for static member variable (need by
215    instantiate_decl).  */
216 
217 static void
218 push_access_scope (tree t)
219 {
220   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL
221 	      || TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL);
222 
223   if (DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (t))
224     push_nested_class (DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (t));
225   else if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t))
226     push_nested_class (DECL_CONTEXT (t));
227   else
228     push_to_top_level ();
229 
230   if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL)
231     {
232       saved_access_scope = tree_cons
233 	(NULL_TREE, current_function_decl, saved_access_scope);
234       current_function_decl = t;
235     }
236 }
237 
238 /* Restore the scope set up by push_access_scope.  T is the node we
239    are processing.  */
240 
241 static void
242 pop_access_scope (tree t)
243 {
244   if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL)
245     {
246       current_function_decl = TREE_VALUE (saved_access_scope);
247       saved_access_scope = TREE_CHAIN (saved_access_scope);
248     }
249 
250   if (DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (t) || DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t))
251     pop_nested_class ();
252   else
253     pop_from_top_level ();
254 }
255 
256 /* Do any processing required when DECL (a member template
257    declaration) is finished.  Returns the TEMPLATE_DECL corresponding
258    to DECL, unless it is a specialization, in which case the DECL
259    itself is returned.  */
260 
261 tree
262 finish_member_template_decl (tree decl)
263 {
264   if (decl == error_mark_node)
265     return error_mark_node;
266 
267   gcc_assert (DECL_P (decl));
268 
269   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
270     {
271       tree type;
272 
273       type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
274       if (type == error_mark_node)
275 	return error_mark_node;
276       if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (type)
277 	  && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type)
278 	  && !CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (type))
279 	{
280 	  tree tmpl = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type);
281 	  check_member_template (tmpl);
282 	  return tmpl;
283 	}
284       return NULL_TREE;
285     }
286   else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FIELD_DECL)
287     error ("data member %qD cannot be a member template", decl);
288   else if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl))
289     {
290       if (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl))
291 	{
292 	  check_member_template (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
293 	  return DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
294 	}
295       else
296 	return decl;
297     }
298   else
299     error ("invalid member template declaration %qD", decl);
300 
301   return error_mark_node;
302 }
303 
304 /* Create a template info node.  */
305 
306 tree
307 build_template_info (tree template_decl, tree template_args)
308 {
309   tree result = make_node (TEMPLATE_INFO);
310   TI_TEMPLATE (result) = template_decl;
311   TI_ARGS (result) = template_args;
312   return result;
313 }
314 
315 /* Return the template info node corresponding to T, whatever T is.  */
316 
317 tree
318 get_template_info (const_tree t)
319 {
320   tree tinfo = NULL_TREE;
321 
322   if (!t || t == error_mark_node)
323     return NULL;
324 
325   if (DECL_P (t) && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (t))
326     tinfo = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (t);
327 
328   if (!tinfo && DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (t))
329     t = TREE_TYPE (t);
330 
331   if (TAGGED_TYPE_P (t))
332     tinfo = TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t);
333   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
334     tinfo = TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_TEMPLATE_INFO (t);
335 
336   return tinfo;
337 }
338 
339 /* Returns the template nesting level of the indicated class TYPE.
340 
341    For example, in:
342      template <class T>
343      struct A
344      {
345        template <class U>
346        struct B {};
347      };
348 
349    A<T>::B<U> has depth two, while A<T> has depth one.
350    Both A<T>::B<int> and A<int>::B<U> have depth one, if
351    they are instantiations, not specializations.
352 
353    This function is guaranteed to return 0 if passed NULL_TREE so
354    that, for example, `template_class_depth (current_class_type)' is
355    always safe.  */
356 
357 int
358 template_class_depth (tree type)
359 {
360   int depth;
361 
362   for (depth = 0;
363        type && TREE_CODE (type) != NAMESPACE_DECL;
364        type = (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_DECL)
365 	 ? CP_DECL_CONTEXT (type) : CP_TYPE_CONTEXT (type))
366     {
367       tree tinfo = get_template_info (type);
368 
369       if (tinfo && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (TI_TEMPLATE (tinfo))
370 	  && uses_template_parms (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (TI_ARGS (tinfo))))
371 	++depth;
372     }
373 
374   return depth;
375 }
376 
377 /* Subroutine of maybe_begin_member_template_processing.
378    Returns true if processing DECL needs us to push template parms.  */
379 
380 static bool
381 inline_needs_template_parms (tree decl)
382 {
383   if (! DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl))
384     return false;
385 
386   return (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (most_general_template (decl)))
387 	  > (processing_template_decl + DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl)));
388 }
389 
390 /* Subroutine of maybe_begin_member_template_processing.
391    Push the template parms in PARMS, starting from LEVELS steps into the
392    chain, and ending at the beginning, since template parms are listed
393    innermost first.  */
394 
395 static void
396 push_inline_template_parms_recursive (tree parmlist, int levels)
397 {
398   tree parms = TREE_VALUE (parmlist);
399   int i;
400 
401   if (levels > 1)
402     push_inline_template_parms_recursive (TREE_CHAIN (parmlist), levels - 1);
403 
404   ++processing_template_decl;
405   current_template_parms
406     = tree_cons (size_int (processing_template_decl),
407 		 parms, current_template_parms);
408   TEMPLATE_PARMS_FOR_INLINE (current_template_parms) = 1;
409 
410   begin_scope (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms) ? sk_template_parms : sk_template_spec,
411 	       NULL);
412   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms); ++i)
413     {
414       tree parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i));
415 
416       if (parm == error_mark_node)
417 	continue;
418 
419       gcc_assert (DECL_P (parm));
420 
421       switch (TREE_CODE (parm))
422 	{
423 	case TYPE_DECL:
424 	case TEMPLATE_DECL:
425 	  pushdecl (parm);
426 	  break;
427 
428 	case PARM_DECL:
429 	  {
430 	    /* Make a CONST_DECL as is done in process_template_parm.
431 	       It is ugly that we recreate this here; the original
432 	       version built in process_template_parm is no longer
433 	       available.  */
434 	    tree decl = build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
435 				    CONST_DECL, DECL_NAME (parm),
436 				    TREE_TYPE (parm));
437 	    DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
438 	    TREE_CONSTANT (decl) = 1;
439 	    TREE_READONLY (decl) = 1;
440 	    DECL_INITIAL (decl) = DECL_INITIAL (parm);
441 	    SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (decl);
442 	    pushdecl (decl);
443 	  }
444 	  break;
445 
446 	default:
447 	  gcc_unreachable ();
448 	}
449     }
450 }
451 
452 /* Restore the template parameter context for a member template or
453    a friend template defined in a class definition.  */
454 
455 void
456 maybe_begin_member_template_processing (tree decl)
457 {
458   tree parms;
459   int levels = 0;
460 
461   if (inline_needs_template_parms (decl))
462     {
463       parms = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (most_general_template (decl));
464       levels = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms) - processing_template_decl;
465 
466       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl))
467 	{
468 	  --levels;
469 	  parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
470 	}
471 
472       push_inline_template_parms_recursive (parms, levels);
473     }
474 
475   /* Remember how many levels of template parameters we pushed so that
476      we can pop them later.  */
477   VEC_safe_push (int, heap, inline_parm_levels, levels);
478 }
479 
480 /* Undo the effects of maybe_begin_member_template_processing.  */
481 
482 void
483 maybe_end_member_template_processing (void)
484 {
485   int i;
486   int last;
487 
488   if (VEC_length (int, inline_parm_levels) == 0)
489     return;
490 
491   last = VEC_pop (int, inline_parm_levels);
492   for (i = 0; i < last; ++i)
493     {
494       --processing_template_decl;
495       current_template_parms = TREE_CHAIN (current_template_parms);
496       poplevel (0, 0, 0);
497     }
498 }
499 
500 /* Return a new template argument vector which contains all of ARGS,
501    but has as its innermost set of arguments the EXTRA_ARGS.  */
502 
503 static tree
504 add_to_template_args (tree args, tree extra_args)
505 {
506   tree new_args;
507   int extra_depth;
508   int i;
509   int j;
510 
511   if (args == NULL_TREE || extra_args == error_mark_node)
512     return extra_args;
513 
514   extra_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (extra_args);
515   new_args = make_tree_vec (TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) + extra_depth);
516 
517   for (i = 1; i <= TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args); ++i)
518     SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (new_args, i, TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i));
519 
520   for (j = 1; j <= extra_depth; ++j, ++i)
521     SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (new_args, i, TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (extra_args, j));
522 
523   return new_args;
524 }
525 
526 /* Like add_to_template_args, but only the outermost ARGS are added to
527    the EXTRA_ARGS.  In particular, all but TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH
528    (EXTRA_ARGS) levels are added.  This function is used to combine
529    the template arguments from a partial instantiation with the
530    template arguments used to attain the full instantiation from the
531    partial instantiation.  */
532 
533 static tree
534 add_outermost_template_args (tree args, tree extra_args)
535 {
536   tree new_args;
537 
538   /* If there are more levels of EXTRA_ARGS than there are ARGS,
539      something very fishy is going on.  */
540   gcc_assert (TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) >= TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (extra_args));
541 
542   /* If *all* the new arguments will be the EXTRA_ARGS, just return
543      them.  */
544   if (TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) == TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (extra_args))
545     return extra_args;
546 
547   /* For the moment, we make ARGS look like it contains fewer levels.  */
548   TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) -= TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (extra_args);
549 
550   new_args = add_to_template_args (args, extra_args);
551 
552   /* Now, we restore ARGS to its full dimensions.  */
553   TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) += TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (extra_args);
554 
555   return new_args;
556 }
557 
558 /* Return the N levels of innermost template arguments from the ARGS.  */
559 
560 tree
561 get_innermost_template_args (tree args, int n)
562 {
563   tree new_args;
564   int extra_levels;
565   int i;
566 
567   gcc_assert (n >= 0);
568 
569   /* If N is 1, just return the innermost set of template arguments.  */
570   if (n == 1)
571     return TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args));
572 
573   /* If we're not removing anything, just return the arguments we were
574      given.  */
575   extra_levels = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) - n;
576   gcc_assert (extra_levels >= 0);
577   if (extra_levels == 0)
578     return args;
579 
580   /* Make a new set of arguments, not containing the outer arguments.  */
581   new_args = make_tree_vec (n);
582   for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
583     SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (new_args, i,
584 			 TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i + extra_levels));
585 
586   return new_args;
587 }
588 
589 /* The inverse of get_innermost_template_args: Return all but the innermost
590    EXTRA_LEVELS levels of template arguments from the ARGS.  */
591 
592 static tree
593 strip_innermost_template_args (tree args, int extra_levels)
594 {
595   tree new_args;
596   int n = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) - extra_levels;
597   int i;
598 
599   gcc_assert (n >= 0);
600 
601   /* If N is 1, just return the outermost set of template arguments.  */
602   if (n == 1)
603     return TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, 1);
604 
605   /* If we're not removing anything, just return the arguments we were
606      given.  */
607   gcc_assert (extra_levels >= 0);
608   if (extra_levels == 0)
609     return args;
610 
611   /* Make a new set of arguments, not containing the inner arguments.  */
612   new_args = make_tree_vec (n);
613   for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
614     SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (new_args, i,
615 			 TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i));
616 
617   return new_args;
618 }
619 
620 /* We've got a template header coming up; push to a new level for storing
621    the parms.  */
622 
623 void
624 begin_template_parm_list (void)
625 {
626   /* We use a non-tag-transparent scope here, which causes pushtag to
627      put tags in this scope, rather than in the enclosing class or
628      namespace scope.  This is the right thing, since we want
629      TEMPLATE_DECLS, and not TYPE_DECLS for template classes.  For a
630      global template class, push_template_decl handles putting the
631      TEMPLATE_DECL into top-level scope.  For a nested template class,
632      e.g.:
633 
634        template <class T> struct S1 {
635 	 template <class T> struct S2 {};
636        };
637 
638      pushtag contains special code to call pushdecl_with_scope on the
639      TEMPLATE_DECL for S2.  */
640   begin_scope (sk_template_parms, NULL);
641   ++processing_template_decl;
642   ++processing_template_parmlist;
643   note_template_header (0);
644 }
645 
646 /* This routine is called when a specialization is declared.  If it is
647    invalid to declare a specialization here, an error is reported and
648    false is returned, otherwise this routine will return true.  */
649 
650 static bool
651 check_specialization_scope (void)
652 {
653   tree scope = current_scope ();
654 
655   /* [temp.expl.spec]
656 
657      An explicit specialization shall be declared in the namespace of
658      which the template is a member, or, for member templates, in the
659      namespace of which the enclosing class or enclosing class
660      template is a member.  An explicit specialization of a member
661      function, member class or static data member of a class template
662      shall be declared in the namespace of which the class template
663      is a member.  */
664   if (scope && TREE_CODE (scope) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
665     {
666       error ("explicit specialization in non-namespace scope %qD", scope);
667       return false;
668     }
669 
670   /* [temp.expl.spec]
671 
672      In an explicit specialization declaration for a member of a class
673      template or a member template that appears in namespace scope,
674      the member template and some of its enclosing class templates may
675      remain unspecialized, except that the declaration shall not
676      explicitly specialize a class member template if its enclosing
677      class templates are not explicitly specialized as well.  */
678   if (current_template_parms)
679     {
680       error ("enclosing class templates are not explicitly specialized");
681       return false;
682     }
683 
684   return true;
685 }
686 
687 /* We've just seen template <>.  */
688 
689 bool
690 begin_specialization (void)
691 {
692   begin_scope (sk_template_spec, NULL);
693   note_template_header (1);
694   return check_specialization_scope ();
695 }
696 
697 /* Called at then end of processing a declaration preceded by
698    template<>.  */
699 
700 void
701 end_specialization (void)
702 {
703   finish_scope ();
704   reset_specialization ();
705 }
706 
707 /* Any template <>'s that we have seen thus far are not referring to a
708    function specialization.  */
709 
710 void
711 reset_specialization (void)
712 {
713   processing_specialization = 0;
714   template_header_count = 0;
715 }
716 
717 /* We've just seen a template header.  If SPECIALIZATION is nonzero,
718    it was of the form template <>.  */
719 
720 static void
721 note_template_header (int specialization)
722 {
723   processing_specialization = specialization;
724   template_header_count++;
725 }
726 
727 /* We're beginning an explicit instantiation.  */
728 
729 void
730 begin_explicit_instantiation (void)
731 {
732   gcc_assert (!processing_explicit_instantiation);
733   processing_explicit_instantiation = true;
734 }
735 
736 
737 void
738 end_explicit_instantiation (void)
739 {
740   gcc_assert (processing_explicit_instantiation);
741   processing_explicit_instantiation = false;
742 }
743 
744 /* An explicit specialization or partial specialization TMPL is being
745    declared.  Check that the namespace in which the specialization is
746    occurring is permissible.  Returns false iff it is invalid to
747    specialize TMPL in the current namespace.  */
748 
749 static bool
750 check_specialization_namespace (tree tmpl)
751 {
752   tree tpl_ns = decl_namespace_context (tmpl);
753 
754   /* [tmpl.expl.spec]
755 
756      An explicit specialization shall be declared in the namespace of
757      which the template is a member, or, for member templates, in the
758      namespace of which the enclosing class or enclosing class
759      template is a member.  An explicit specialization of a member
760      function, member class or static data member of a class template
761      shall be declared in the namespace of which the class template is
762      a member.  */
763   if (current_scope() != DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl)
764       && !at_namespace_scope_p ())
765     {
766       error ("specialization of %qD must appear at namespace scope", tmpl);
767       return false;
768     }
769   if (is_associated_namespace (current_namespace, tpl_ns))
770     /* Same or super-using namespace.  */
771     return true;
772   else
773     {
774       permerror (input_location, "specialization of %qD in different namespace", tmpl);
775       permerror (input_location, "  from definition of %q+#D", tmpl);
776       return false;
777     }
778 }
779 
780 /* SPEC is an explicit instantiation.  Check that it is valid to
781    perform this explicit instantiation in the current namespace.  */
782 
783 static void
784 check_explicit_instantiation_namespace (tree spec)
785 {
786   tree ns;
787 
788   /* DR 275: An explicit instantiation shall appear in an enclosing
789      namespace of its template.  */
790   ns = decl_namespace_context (spec);
791   if (!is_ancestor (current_namespace, ns))
792     permerror (input_location, "explicit instantiation of %qD in namespace %qD "
793 	       "(which does not enclose namespace %qD)",
794 	       spec, current_namespace, ns);
795 }
796 
797 /* The TYPE is being declared.  If it is a template type, that means it
798    is a partial specialization.  Do appropriate error-checking.  */
799 
800 tree
801 maybe_process_partial_specialization (tree type)
802 {
803   tree context;
804 
805   if (type == error_mark_node)
806     return error_mark_node;
807 
808   if (TREE_CODE (type) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
809     {
810       error ("name of class shadows template template parameter %qD",
811 	     TYPE_NAME (type));
812       return error_mark_node;
813     }
814 
815   context = TYPE_CONTEXT (type);
816 
817   if ((CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (type))
818       /* Consider non-class instantiations of alias templates as
819 	 well.  */
820       || (TYPE_P (type)
821 	  && TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type)
822 	  && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (TYPE_NAME (type))
823 	  && DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (TYPE_NAME (type))))
824     {
825       /* This is for ordinary explicit specialization and partial
826 	 specialization of a template class such as:
827 
828 	   template <> class C<int>;
829 
830 	 or:
831 
832 	   template <class T> class C<T*>;
833 
834 	 Make sure that `C<int>' and `C<T*>' are implicit instantiations.  */
835 
836       if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type)
837 	  && CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (type)
838 	  && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
839 	{
840 	  check_specialization_namespace (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type));
841 	  SET_CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (type);
842 	  if (processing_template_decl)
843 	    {
844 	      if (push_template_decl (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type))
845 		  == error_mark_node)
846 		return error_mark_node;
847 	    }
848 	}
849       else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type)
850 	       && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (type))
851 	error ("specialization of %qT after instantiation", type);
852 
853       if (DECL_ALIAS_TEMPLATE_P (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type)))
854 	{
855 	  error ("partial specialization of alias template %qD",
856 		 TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type));
857 	  return error_mark_node;
858 	}
859     }
860   else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type)
861 	   && !CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (type)
862 	   && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type)
863 	   && context && CLASS_TYPE_P (context)
864 	   && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (context))
865     {
866       /* This is for an explicit specialization of member class
867 	 template according to [temp.expl.spec/18]:
868 
869 	   template <> template <class U> class C<int>::D;
870 
871 	 The context `C<int>' must be an implicit instantiation.
872 	 Otherwise this is just a member class template declared
873 	 earlier like:
874 
875 	   template <> class C<int> { template <class U> class D; };
876 	   template <> template <class U> class C<int>::D;
877 
878 	 In the first case, `C<int>::D' is a specialization of `C<T>::D'
879 	 while in the second case, `C<int>::D' is a primary template
880 	 and `C<T>::D' may not exist.  */
881 
882       if (CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (context)
883 	  && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
884 	{
885 	  tree t;
886 	  tree tmpl = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type);
887 
888 	  if (current_namespace
889 	      != decl_namespace_context (tmpl))
890 	    {
891 	      permerror (input_location, "specializing %q#T in different namespace", type);
892 	      permerror (input_location, "  from definition of %q+#D", tmpl);
893 	    }
894 
895 	  /* Check for invalid specialization after instantiation:
896 
897 	       template <> template <> class C<int>::D<int>;
898 	       template <> template <class U> class C<int>::D;  */
899 
900 	  for (t = DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (tmpl);
901 	       t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
902 	    {
903 	      tree inst = TREE_VALUE (t);
904 	      if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (inst))
905 		{
906 		  /* We already have a full specialization of this partial
907 		     instantiation.  Reassign it to the new member
908 		     specialization template.  */
909 		  spec_entry elt;
910 		  spec_entry *entry;
911 		  void **slot;
912 
913 		  elt.tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
914 		  elt.args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (inst);
915 		  elt.spec = inst;
916 
917 		  htab_remove_elt (type_specializations, &elt);
918 
919 		  elt.tmpl = tmpl;
920 		  elt.args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (elt.args);
921 
922 		  slot = htab_find_slot (type_specializations, &elt, INSERT);
923 		  entry = ggc_alloc_spec_entry ();
924 		  *entry = elt;
925 		  *slot = entry;
926 		}
927 	      else if (COMPLETE_OR_OPEN_TYPE_P (inst))
928 		/* But if we've had an implicit instantiation, that's a
929 		   problem ([temp.expl.spec]/6).  */
930 		error ("specialization %qT after instantiation %qT",
931 		       type, inst);
932 	    }
933 
934 	  /* Mark TYPE as a specialization.  And as a result, we only
935 	     have one level of template argument for the innermost
936 	     class template.  */
937 	  SET_CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (type);
938 	  CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type)
939 	    = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type));
940 	}
941     }
942   else if (processing_specialization)
943     {
944        /* Someday C++0x may allow for enum template specialization.  */
945       if (cxx_dialect > cxx98 && TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
946 	  && CLASS_TYPE_P (context) && CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (context))
947 	pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic, "template specialization "
948 		 "of %qD not allowed by ISO C++", type);
949       else
950 	{
951 	  error ("explicit specialization of non-template %qT", type);
952 	  return error_mark_node;
953 	}
954     }
955 
956   return type;
957 }
958 
959 /* Returns nonzero if we can optimize the retrieval of specializations
960    for TMPL, a TEMPLATE_DECL.  In particular, for such a template, we
961    do not use DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS at all.  */
962 
963 static inline bool
964 optimize_specialization_lookup_p (tree tmpl)
965 {
966   return (DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl)
967 	  && DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (tmpl)
968 	  /* DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P holds of T::f even if T is a template
969 	     parameter.  */
970 	  && CLASS_TYPE_P (DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl))
971 	  /* The optimized lookup depends on the fact that the
972 	     template arguments for the member function template apply
973 	     purely to the containing class, which is not true if the
974 	     containing class is an explicit or partial
975 	     specialization.  */
976 	  && !CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl))
977 	  && !DECL_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl)
978 	  && !DECL_CONV_FN_P (tmpl)
979 	  /* It is possible to have a template that is not a member
980 	     template and is not a member of a template class:
981 
982 	     template <typename T>
983 	     struct S { friend A::f(); };
984 
985 	     Here, the friend function is a template, but the context does
986 	     not have template information.  The optimized lookup relies
987 	     on having ARGS be the template arguments for both the class
988 	     and the function template.  */
989 	  && !DECL_FRIEND_P (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl)));
990 }
991 
992 /* Retrieve the specialization (in the sense of [temp.spec] - a
993    specialization is either an instantiation or an explicit
994    specialization) of TMPL for the given template ARGS.  If there is
995    no such specialization, return NULL_TREE.  The ARGS are a vector of
996    arguments, or a vector of vectors of arguments, in the case of
997    templates with more than one level of parameters.
998 
999    If TMPL is a type template and CLASS_SPECIALIZATIONS_P is true,
1000    then we search for a partial specialization matching ARGS.  This
1001    parameter is ignored if TMPL is not a class template.  */
1002 
1003 static tree
1004 retrieve_specialization (tree tmpl, tree args, hashval_t hash)
1005 {
1006   if (args == error_mark_node)
1007     return NULL_TREE;
1008 
1009   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_DECL);
1010 
1011   /* There should be as many levels of arguments as there are
1012      levels of parameters.  */
1013   gcc_assert (TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args)
1014 	      == TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl)));
1015 
1016   if (optimize_specialization_lookup_p (tmpl))
1017     {
1018       tree class_template;
1019       tree class_specialization;
1020       VEC(tree,gc) *methods;
1021       tree fns;
1022       int idx;
1023 
1024       /* The template arguments actually apply to the containing
1025 	 class.  Find the class specialization with those
1026 	 arguments.  */
1027       class_template = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl));
1028       class_specialization
1029 	= retrieve_specialization (class_template, args, 0);
1030       if (!class_specialization)
1031 	return NULL_TREE;
1032       /* Now, find the appropriate entry in the CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC
1033 	 for the specialization.  */
1034       idx = class_method_index_for_fn (class_specialization, tmpl);
1035       if (idx == -1)
1036 	return NULL_TREE;
1037       /* Iterate through the methods with the indicated name, looking
1038 	 for the one that has an instance of TMPL.  */
1039       methods = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (class_specialization);
1040       for (fns = VEC_index (tree, methods, idx); fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
1041 	{
1042 	  tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
1043 	  if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (fn) && DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fn) == tmpl
1044 	      /* using-declarations can add base methods to the method vec,
1045 		 and we don't want those here.  */
1046 	      && DECL_CONTEXT (fn) == class_specialization)
1047 	    return fn;
1048 	}
1049       return NULL_TREE;
1050     }
1051   else
1052     {
1053       spec_entry *found;
1054       spec_entry elt;
1055       htab_t specializations;
1056 
1057       elt.tmpl = tmpl;
1058       elt.args = args;
1059       elt.spec = NULL_TREE;
1060 
1061       if (DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
1062 	specializations = type_specializations;
1063       else
1064 	specializations = decl_specializations;
1065 
1066       if (hash == 0)
1067 	hash = hash_specialization (&elt);
1068       found = (spec_entry *) htab_find_with_hash (specializations, &elt, hash);
1069       if (found)
1070 	return found->spec;
1071     }
1072 
1073   return NULL_TREE;
1074 }
1075 
1076 /* Like retrieve_specialization, but for local declarations.  */
1077 
1078 static tree
1079 retrieve_local_specialization (tree tmpl)
1080 {
1081   tree spec;
1082 
1083   if (local_specializations == NULL)
1084     return NULL_TREE;
1085 
1086   spec = (tree) htab_find_with_hash (local_specializations, tmpl,
1087 				     htab_hash_pointer (tmpl));
1088   return spec ? TREE_PURPOSE (spec) : NULL_TREE;
1089 }
1090 
1091 /* Returns nonzero iff DECL is a specialization of TMPL.  */
1092 
1093 int
1094 is_specialization_of (tree decl, tree tmpl)
1095 {
1096   tree t;
1097 
1098   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
1099     {
1100       for (t = decl;
1101 	   t != NULL_TREE;
1102 	   t = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (t) ? DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t) : NULL_TREE)
1103 	if (t == tmpl)
1104 	  return 1;
1105     }
1106   else
1107     {
1108       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL);
1109 
1110       for (t = TREE_TYPE (decl);
1111 	   t != NULL_TREE;
1112 	   t = CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (t)
1113 	     ? TREE_TYPE (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t)) : NULL_TREE)
1114 	if (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (t, TREE_TYPE (tmpl)))
1115 	  return 1;
1116     }
1117 
1118   return 0;
1119 }
1120 
1121 /* Returns nonzero iff DECL is a specialization of friend declaration
1122    FRIEND_DECL according to [temp.friend].  */
1123 
1124 bool
1125 is_specialization_of_friend (tree decl, tree friend_decl)
1126 {
1127   bool need_template = true;
1128   int template_depth;
1129 
1130   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
1131 	      || TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL);
1132 
1133   /* For [temp.friend/6] when FRIEND_DECL is an ordinary member function
1134      of a template class, we want to check if DECL is a specialization
1135      if this.  */
1136   if (TREE_CODE (friend_decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
1137       && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (friend_decl)
1138       && !DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (friend_decl))
1139     {
1140       /* We want a TEMPLATE_DECL for `is_specialization_of'.  */
1141       friend_decl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (friend_decl);
1142       need_template = false;
1143     }
1144   else if (TREE_CODE (friend_decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL
1145 	   && !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (friend_decl))
1146     need_template = false;
1147 
1148   /* There is nothing to do if this is not a template friend.  */
1149   if (TREE_CODE (friend_decl) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
1150     return false;
1151 
1152   if (is_specialization_of (decl, friend_decl))
1153     return true;
1154 
1155   /* [temp.friend/6]
1156      A member of a class template may be declared to be a friend of a
1157      non-template class.  In this case, the corresponding member of
1158      every specialization of the class template is a friend of the
1159      class granting friendship.
1160 
1161      For example, given a template friend declaration
1162 
1163        template <class T> friend void A<T>::f();
1164 
1165      the member function below is considered a friend
1166 
1167        template <> struct A<int> {
1168 	 void f();
1169        };
1170 
1171      For this type of template friend, TEMPLATE_DEPTH below will be
1172      nonzero.  To determine if DECL is a friend of FRIEND, we first
1173      check if the enclosing class is a specialization of another.  */
1174 
1175   template_depth = template_class_depth (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (friend_decl));
1176   if (template_depth
1177       && DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
1178       && is_specialization_of (TYPE_NAME (DECL_CONTEXT (decl)),
1179 			       CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (DECL_CONTEXT (friend_decl))))
1180     {
1181       /* Next, we check the members themselves.  In order to handle
1182 	 a few tricky cases, such as when FRIEND_DECL's are
1183 
1184 	   template <class T> friend void A<T>::g(T t);
1185 	   template <class T> template <T t> friend void A<T>::h();
1186 
1187 	 and DECL's are
1188 
1189 	   void A<int>::g(int);
1190 	   template <int> void A<int>::h();
1191 
1192 	 we need to figure out ARGS, the template arguments from
1193 	 the context of DECL.  This is required for template substitution
1194 	 of `T' in the function parameter of `g' and template parameter
1195 	 of `h' in the above examples.  Here ARGS corresponds to `int'.  */
1196 
1197       tree context = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
1198       tree args = NULL_TREE;
1199       int current_depth = 0;
1200 
1201       while (current_depth < template_depth)
1202 	{
1203 	  if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (context))
1204 	    {
1205 	      if (current_depth == 0)
1206 		args = TYPE_TI_ARGS (context);
1207 	      else
1208 		args = add_to_template_args (TYPE_TI_ARGS (context), args);
1209 	      current_depth++;
1210 	    }
1211 	  context = TYPE_CONTEXT (context);
1212 	}
1213 
1214       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
1215 	{
1216 	  bool is_template;
1217 	  tree friend_type;
1218 	  tree decl_type;
1219 	  tree friend_args_type;
1220 	  tree decl_args_type;
1221 
1222 	  /* Make sure that both DECL and FRIEND_DECL are templates or
1223 	     non-templates.  */
1224 	  is_template = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
1225 			&& PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
1226 	  if (need_template ^ is_template)
1227 	    return false;
1228 	  else if (is_template)
1229 	    {
1230 	      /* If both are templates, check template parameter list.  */
1231 	      tree friend_parms
1232 		= tsubst_template_parms (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (friend_decl),
1233 					 args, tf_none);
1234 	      if (!comp_template_parms
1235 		     (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl)),
1236 		      friend_parms))
1237 		return false;
1238 
1239 	      decl_type = TREE_TYPE (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
1240 	    }
1241 	  else
1242 	    decl_type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
1243 
1244 	  friend_type = tsubst_function_type (TREE_TYPE (friend_decl), args,
1245 					      tf_none, NULL_TREE);
1246 	  if (friend_type == error_mark_node)
1247 	    return false;
1248 
1249 	  /* Check if return types match.  */
1250 	  if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl_type), TREE_TYPE (friend_type)))
1251 	    return false;
1252 
1253 	  /* Check if function parameter types match, ignoring the
1254 	     `this' parameter.  */
1255 	  friend_args_type = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (friend_type);
1256 	  decl_args_type = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (decl_type);
1257 	  if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (friend_decl))
1258 	    friend_args_type = TREE_CHAIN (friend_args_type);
1259 	  if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl))
1260 	    decl_args_type = TREE_CHAIN (decl_args_type);
1261 
1262 	  return compparms (decl_args_type, friend_args_type);
1263 	}
1264       else
1265 	{
1266 	  /* DECL is a TYPE_DECL */
1267 	  bool is_template;
1268 	  tree decl_type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
1269 
1270 	  /* Make sure that both DECL and FRIEND_DECL are templates or
1271 	     non-templates.  */
1272 	  is_template
1273 	    = CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl_type)
1274 	      && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (decl_type));
1275 
1276 	  if (need_template ^ is_template)
1277 	    return false;
1278 	  else if (is_template)
1279 	    {
1280 	      tree friend_parms;
1281 	      /* If both are templates, check the name of the two
1282 		 TEMPLATE_DECL's first because is_friend didn't.  */
1283 	      if (DECL_NAME (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (decl_type))
1284 		  != DECL_NAME (friend_decl))
1285 		return false;
1286 
1287 	      /* Now check template parameter list.  */
1288 	      friend_parms
1289 		= tsubst_template_parms (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (friend_decl),
1290 					 args, tf_none);
1291 	      return comp_template_parms
1292 		(DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (decl_type)),
1293 		 friend_parms);
1294 	    }
1295 	  else
1296 	    return (DECL_NAME (decl)
1297 		    == DECL_NAME (friend_decl));
1298 	}
1299     }
1300   return false;
1301 }
1302 
1303 /* Register the specialization SPEC as a specialization of TMPL with
1304    the indicated ARGS.  IS_FRIEND indicates whether the specialization
1305    is actually just a friend declaration.  Returns SPEC, or an
1306    equivalent prior declaration, if available.  */
1307 
1308 static tree
1309 register_specialization (tree spec, tree tmpl, tree args, bool is_friend,
1310 			 hashval_t hash)
1311 {
1312   tree fn;
1313   void **slot = NULL;
1314   spec_entry elt;
1315 
1316   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_DECL && DECL_P (spec));
1317 
1318   if (TREE_CODE (spec) == FUNCTION_DECL
1319       && uses_template_parms (DECL_TI_ARGS (spec)))
1320     /* This is the FUNCTION_DECL for a partial instantiation.  Don't
1321        register it; we want the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL instead.
1322        We use `uses_template_parms (DECL_TI_ARGS (spec))' rather than
1323        the more obvious `uses_template_parms (spec)' to avoid problems
1324        with default function arguments.  In particular, given
1325        something like this:
1326 
1327 	  template <class T> void f(T t1, T t = T())
1328 
1329        the default argument expression is not substituted for in an
1330        instantiation unless and until it is actually needed.  */
1331     return spec;
1332 
1333   if (optimize_specialization_lookup_p (tmpl))
1334     /* We don't put these specializations in the hash table, but we might
1335        want to give an error about a mismatch.  */
1336     fn = retrieve_specialization (tmpl, args, 0);
1337   else
1338     {
1339       elt.tmpl = tmpl;
1340       elt.args = args;
1341       elt.spec = spec;
1342 
1343       if (hash == 0)
1344 	hash = hash_specialization (&elt);
1345 
1346       slot =
1347 	htab_find_slot_with_hash (decl_specializations, &elt, hash, INSERT);
1348       if (*slot)
1349 	fn = ((spec_entry *) *slot)->spec;
1350       else
1351 	fn = NULL_TREE;
1352     }
1353 
1354   /* We can sometimes try to re-register a specialization that we've
1355      already got.  In particular, regenerate_decl_from_template calls
1356      duplicate_decls which will update the specialization list.  But,
1357      we'll still get called again here anyhow.  It's more convenient
1358      to simply allow this than to try to prevent it.  */
1359   if (fn == spec)
1360     return spec;
1361   else if (fn && DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (spec))
1362     {
1363       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (fn))
1364 	{
1365 	  if (DECL_ODR_USED (fn)
1366 	      || DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (fn))
1367 	    {
1368 	      error ("specialization of %qD after instantiation",
1369 		     fn);
1370 	      return error_mark_node;
1371 	    }
1372 	  else
1373 	    {
1374 	      tree clone;
1375 	      /* This situation should occur only if the first
1376 		 specialization is an implicit instantiation, the
1377 		 second is an explicit specialization, and the
1378 		 implicit instantiation has not yet been used.  That
1379 		 situation can occur if we have implicitly
1380 		 instantiated a member function and then specialized
1381 		 it later.
1382 
1383 		 We can also wind up here if a friend declaration that
1384 		 looked like an instantiation turns out to be a
1385 		 specialization:
1386 
1387 		   template <class T> void foo(T);
1388 		   class S { friend void foo<>(int) };
1389 		   template <> void foo(int);
1390 
1391 		 We transform the existing DECL in place so that any
1392 		 pointers to it become pointers to the updated
1393 		 declaration.
1394 
1395 		 If there was a definition for the template, but not
1396 		 for the specialization, we want this to look as if
1397 		 there were no definition, and vice versa.  */
1398 	      DECL_INITIAL (fn) = NULL_TREE;
1399 	      duplicate_decls (spec, fn, is_friend);
1400 	      /* The call to duplicate_decls will have applied
1401 		 [temp.expl.spec]:
1402 
1403 		   An explicit specialization of a function template
1404 		   is inline only if it is explicitly declared to be,
1405 		   and independently of whether its function template
1406 		   is.
1407 
1408 		to the primary function; now copy the inline bits to
1409 		the various clones.  */
1410 	      FOR_EACH_CLONE (clone, fn)
1411 		{
1412 		  DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (clone)
1413 		    = DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (fn);
1414 		  DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (clone)
1415 		    = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn);
1416 		}
1417 	      check_specialization_namespace (fn);
1418 
1419 	      return fn;
1420 	    }
1421 	}
1422       else if (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (fn))
1423 	{
1424 	  if (!duplicate_decls (spec, fn, is_friend) && DECL_INITIAL (spec))
1425 	    /* Dup decl failed, but this is a new definition. Set the
1426 	       line number so any errors match this new
1427 	       definition.  */
1428 	    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (spec);
1429 
1430 	  return fn;
1431 	}
1432     }
1433   else if (fn)
1434     return duplicate_decls (spec, fn, is_friend);
1435 
1436   /* A specialization must be declared in the same namespace as the
1437      template it is specializing.  */
1438   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (spec)
1439       && !check_specialization_namespace (tmpl))
1440     DECL_CONTEXT (spec) = DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl);
1441 
1442   if (slot != NULL /* !optimize_specialization_lookup_p (tmpl) */)
1443     {
1444       spec_entry *entry = ggc_alloc_spec_entry ();
1445       gcc_assert (tmpl && args && spec);
1446       *entry = elt;
1447       *slot = entry;
1448       if (TREE_CODE (spec) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (spec)
1449 	  && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl)
1450 	  && DECL_SAVED_TREE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl)) == NULL_TREE)
1451 	/* TMPL is a forward declaration of a template function; keep a list
1452 	   of all specializations in case we need to reassign them to a friend
1453 	   template later in tsubst_friend_function.  */
1454 	DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (tmpl)
1455 	  = tree_cons (args, spec, DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (tmpl));
1456     }
1457 
1458   return spec;
1459 }
1460 
1461 /* Returns true iff two spec_entry nodes are equivalent.  Only compares the
1462    TMPL and ARGS members, ignores SPEC.  */
1463 
1464 static int
1465 eq_specializations (const void *p1, const void *p2)
1466 {
1467   const spec_entry *e1 = (const spec_entry *)p1;
1468   const spec_entry *e2 = (const spec_entry *)p2;
1469 
1470   return (e1->tmpl == e2->tmpl
1471 	  && comp_template_args (e1->args, e2->args));
1472 }
1473 
1474 /* Returns a hash for a template TMPL and template arguments ARGS.  */
1475 
1476 static hashval_t
1477 hash_tmpl_and_args (tree tmpl, tree args)
1478 {
1479   hashval_t val = DECL_UID (tmpl);
1480   return iterative_hash_template_arg (args, val);
1481 }
1482 
1483 /* Returns a hash for a spec_entry node based on the TMPL and ARGS members,
1484    ignoring SPEC.  */
1485 
1486 static hashval_t
1487 hash_specialization (const void *p)
1488 {
1489   const spec_entry *e = (const spec_entry *)p;
1490   return hash_tmpl_and_args (e->tmpl, e->args);
1491 }
1492 
1493 /* Recursively calculate a hash value for a template argument ARG, for use
1494    in the hash tables of template specializations.  */
1495 
1496 hashval_t
1497 iterative_hash_template_arg (tree arg, hashval_t val)
1498 {
1499   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT i;
1500   enum tree_code code;
1501   char tclass;
1502 
1503   if (arg == NULL_TREE)
1504     return iterative_hash_object (arg, val);
1505 
1506   if (!TYPE_P (arg))
1507     STRIP_NOPS (arg);
1508 
1509   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
1510     /* We can get one of these when re-hashing a previous entry in the middle
1511        of substituting into a pack expansion.  Just look through it.  */
1512     arg = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (arg);
1513 
1514   code = TREE_CODE (arg);
1515   tclass = TREE_CODE_CLASS (code);
1516 
1517   val = iterative_hash_object (code, val);
1518 
1519   switch (code)
1520     {
1521     case ERROR_MARK:
1522       return val;
1523 
1524     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
1525       return iterative_hash_object (IDENTIFIER_HASH_VALUE (arg), val);
1526 
1527     case TREE_VEC:
1528       {
1529 	int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg);
1530 	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
1531 	  val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_VEC_ELT (arg, i), val);
1532 	return val;
1533       }
1534 
1535     case TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION:
1536     case EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION:
1537       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (arg), val);
1538       return iterative_hash_template_arg (PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (arg), val);
1539 
1540     case TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
1541     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
1542       return iterative_hash_template_arg (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg), val);
1543 
1544     case TREE_LIST:
1545       for (; arg; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
1546 	val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_VALUE (arg), val);
1547       return val;
1548 
1549     case OVERLOAD:
1550       for (; arg; arg = OVL_NEXT (arg))
1551 	val = iterative_hash_template_arg (OVL_CURRENT (arg), val);
1552       return val;
1553 
1554     case CONSTRUCTOR:
1555       {
1556 	tree field, value;
1557 	FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_ELT (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (arg), i, field, value)
1558 	  {
1559 	    val = iterative_hash_template_arg (field, val);
1560 	    val = iterative_hash_template_arg (value, val);
1561 	  }
1562 	return val;
1563       }
1564 
1565     case PARM_DECL:
1566       if (!DECL_ARTIFICIAL (arg))
1567 	{
1568 	  val = iterative_hash_object (DECL_PARM_INDEX (arg), val);
1569 	  val = iterative_hash_object (DECL_PARM_LEVEL (arg), val);
1570 	}
1571       return iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_TYPE (arg), val);
1572 
1573     case TARGET_EXPR:
1574       return iterative_hash_template_arg (TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (arg), val);
1575 
1576     case PTRMEM_CST:
1577       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (PTRMEM_CST_CLASS (arg), val);
1578       return iterative_hash_template_arg (PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (arg), val);
1579 
1580     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
1581       val = iterative_hash_template_arg
1582 	(TREE_TYPE (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (arg)), val);
1583       val = iterative_hash_object (TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (arg), val);
1584       return iterative_hash_object (TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (arg), val);
1585 
1586     case TRAIT_EXPR:
1587       val = iterative_hash_object (TRAIT_EXPR_KIND (arg), val);
1588       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE1 (arg), val);
1589       return iterative_hash_template_arg (TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE2 (arg), val);
1590 
1591     case BASELINK:
1592       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (BINFO_TYPE (BASELINK_BINFO (arg)),
1593 					 val);
1594       return iterative_hash_template_arg (DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (arg)),
1595 					  val);
1596 
1597     case MODOP_EXPR:
1598       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0), val);
1599       code = TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1));
1600       val = iterative_hash_object (code, val);
1601       return iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 2), val);
1602 
1603     case LAMBDA_EXPR:
1604       /* A lambda can't appear in a template arg, but don't crash on
1605 	 erroneous input.  */
1606       gcc_assert (seen_error ());
1607       return val;
1608 
1609     case CAST_EXPR:
1610     case IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR:
1611     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
1612     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
1613     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
1614     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
1615     case NEW_EXPR:
1616       val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_TYPE (arg), val);
1617       /* Now hash operands as usual.  */
1618       break;
1619 
1620     default:
1621       break;
1622     }
1623 
1624   switch (tclass)
1625     {
1626     case tcc_type:
1627       if (TYPE_CANONICAL (arg))
1628 	return iterative_hash_object (TYPE_HASH (TYPE_CANONICAL (arg)),
1629 				      val);
1630       else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == DECLTYPE_TYPE)
1631 	return iterative_hash_template_arg (DECLTYPE_TYPE_EXPR (arg), val);
1632       /* Otherwise just compare the types during lookup.  */
1633       return val;
1634 
1635     case tcc_declaration:
1636     case tcc_constant:
1637       return iterative_hash_expr (arg, val);
1638 
1639     default:
1640       gcc_assert (IS_EXPR_CODE_CLASS (tclass));
1641       {
1642 	unsigned n = cp_tree_operand_length (arg);
1643 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
1644 	  val = iterative_hash_template_arg (TREE_OPERAND (arg, i), val);
1645 	return val;
1646       }
1647     }
1648   gcc_unreachable ();
1649   return 0;
1650 }
1651 
1652 /* Unregister the specialization SPEC as a specialization of TMPL.
1653    Replace it with NEW_SPEC, if NEW_SPEC is non-NULL.  Returns true
1654    if the SPEC was listed as a specialization of TMPL.
1655 
1656    Note that SPEC has been ggc_freed, so we can't look inside it.  */
1657 
1658 bool
1659 reregister_specialization (tree spec, tree tinfo, tree new_spec)
1660 {
1661   spec_entry *entry;
1662   spec_entry elt;
1663 
1664   elt.tmpl = most_general_template (TI_TEMPLATE (tinfo));
1665   elt.args = TI_ARGS (tinfo);
1666   elt.spec = NULL_TREE;
1667 
1668   entry = (spec_entry *) htab_find (decl_specializations, &elt);
1669   if (entry != NULL)
1670     {
1671       gcc_assert (entry->spec == spec || entry->spec == new_spec);
1672       gcc_assert (new_spec != NULL_TREE);
1673       entry->spec = new_spec;
1674       return 1;
1675     }
1676 
1677   return 0;
1678 }
1679 
1680 /* Compare an entry in the local specializations hash table P1 (which
1681    is really a pointer to a TREE_LIST) with P2 (which is really a
1682    DECL).  */
1683 
1684 static int
1685 eq_local_specializations (const void *p1, const void *p2)
1686 {
1687   return TREE_VALUE ((const_tree) p1) == (const_tree) p2;
1688 }
1689 
1690 /* Hash P1, an entry in the local specializations table.  */
1691 
1692 static hashval_t
1693 hash_local_specialization (const void* p1)
1694 {
1695   return htab_hash_pointer (TREE_VALUE ((const_tree) p1));
1696 }
1697 
1698 /* Like register_specialization, but for local declarations.  We are
1699    registering SPEC, an instantiation of TMPL.  */
1700 
1701 static void
1702 register_local_specialization (tree spec, tree tmpl)
1703 {
1704   void **slot;
1705 
1706   slot = htab_find_slot_with_hash (local_specializations, tmpl,
1707 				   htab_hash_pointer (tmpl), INSERT);
1708   *slot = build_tree_list (spec, tmpl);
1709 }
1710 
1711 /* TYPE is a class type.  Returns true if TYPE is an explicitly
1712    specialized class.  */
1713 
1714 bool
1715 explicit_class_specialization_p (tree type)
1716 {
1717   if (!CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (type))
1718     return false;
1719   return !uses_template_parms (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type));
1720 }
1721 
1722 /* Print the list of functions at FNS, going through all the overloads
1723    for each element of the list.  Alternatively, FNS can not be a
1724    TREE_LIST, in which case it will be printed together with all the
1725    overloads.
1726 
1727    MORE and *STR should respectively be FALSE and NULL when the function
1728    is called from the outside.  They are used internally on recursive
1729    calls.  print_candidates manages the two parameters and leaves NULL
1730    in *STR when it ends.  */
1731 
1732 static void
1733 print_candidates_1 (tree fns, bool more, const char **str)
1734 {
1735   tree fn, fn2;
1736   char *spaces = NULL;
1737 
1738   for (fn = fns; fn; fn = OVL_NEXT (fn))
1739     if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TREE_LIST)
1740       {
1741         for (fn2 = fn; fn2 != NULL_TREE; fn2 = TREE_CHAIN (fn2))
1742           print_candidates_1 (TREE_VALUE (fn2),
1743                               TREE_CHAIN (fn2) || more, str);
1744       }
1745     else
1746       {
1747         if (!*str)
1748           {
1749             /* Pick the prefix string.  */
1750             if (!more && !OVL_NEXT (fns))
1751               {
1752                 error ("candidate is: %+#D", OVL_CURRENT (fn));
1753                 continue;
1754               }
1755 
1756             *str = _("candidates are:");
1757             spaces = get_spaces (*str);
1758           }
1759         error ("%s %+#D", *str, OVL_CURRENT (fn));
1760         *str = spaces ? spaces : *str;
1761       }
1762 
1763   if (!more)
1764     {
1765       free (spaces);
1766       *str = NULL;
1767     }
1768 }
1769 
1770 /* Print the list of candidate FNS in an error message.  FNS can also
1771    be a TREE_LIST of non-functions in the case of an ambiguous lookup.  */
1772 
1773 void
1774 print_candidates (tree fns)
1775 {
1776   const char *str = NULL;
1777   print_candidates_1 (fns, false, &str);
1778   gcc_assert (str == NULL);
1779 }
1780 
1781 /* Returns the template (one of the functions given by TEMPLATE_ID)
1782    which can be specialized to match the indicated DECL with the
1783    explicit template args given in TEMPLATE_ID.  The DECL may be
1784    NULL_TREE if none is available.  In that case, the functions in
1785    TEMPLATE_ID are non-members.
1786 
1787    If NEED_MEMBER_TEMPLATE is nonzero the function is known to be a
1788    specialization of a member template.
1789 
1790    The TEMPLATE_COUNT is the number of references to qualifying
1791    template classes that appeared in the name of the function. See
1792    check_explicit_specialization for a more accurate description.
1793 
1794    TSK indicates what kind of template declaration (if any) is being
1795    declared.  TSK_TEMPLATE indicates that the declaration given by
1796    DECL, though a FUNCTION_DECL, has template parameters, and is
1797    therefore a template function.
1798 
1799    The template args (those explicitly specified and those deduced)
1800    are output in a newly created vector *TARGS_OUT.
1801 
1802    If it is impossible to determine the result, an error message is
1803    issued.  The error_mark_node is returned to indicate failure.  */
1804 
1805 static tree
1806 determine_specialization (tree template_id,
1807 			  tree decl,
1808 			  tree* targs_out,
1809 			  int need_member_template,
1810 			  int template_count,
1811 			  tmpl_spec_kind tsk)
1812 {
1813   tree fns;
1814   tree targs;
1815   tree explicit_targs;
1816   tree candidates = NULL_TREE;
1817   /* A TREE_LIST of templates of which DECL may be a specialization.
1818      The TREE_VALUE of each node is a TEMPLATE_DECL.  The
1819      corresponding TREE_PURPOSE is the set of template arguments that,
1820      when used to instantiate the template, would produce a function
1821      with the signature of DECL.  */
1822   tree templates = NULL_TREE;
1823   int header_count;
1824   cp_binding_level *b;
1825 
1826   *targs_out = NULL_TREE;
1827 
1828   if (template_id == error_mark_node || decl == error_mark_node)
1829     return error_mark_node;
1830 
1831   fns = TREE_OPERAND (template_id, 0);
1832   explicit_targs = TREE_OPERAND (template_id, 1);
1833 
1834   if (fns == error_mark_node)
1835     return error_mark_node;
1836 
1837   /* Check for baselinks.  */
1838   if (BASELINK_P (fns))
1839     fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns);
1840 
1841   if (!is_overloaded_fn (fns))
1842     {
1843       error ("%qD is not a function template", fns);
1844       return error_mark_node;
1845     }
1846 
1847   /* Count the number of template headers specified for this
1848      specialization.  */
1849   header_count = 0;
1850   for (b = current_binding_level;
1851        b->kind == sk_template_parms;
1852        b = b->level_chain)
1853     ++header_count;
1854 
1855   for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
1856     {
1857       tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
1858 
1859       if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
1860 	{
1861 	  tree decl_arg_types;
1862 	  tree fn_arg_types;
1863 	  tree insttype;
1864 
1865 	  /* In case of explicit specialization, we need to check if
1866 	     the number of template headers appearing in the specialization
1867 	     is correct. This is usually done in check_explicit_specialization,
1868 	     but the check done there cannot be exhaustive when specializing
1869 	     member functions. Consider the following code:
1870 
1871 	     template <> void A<int>::f(int);
1872 	     template <> template <> void A<int>::f(int);
1873 
1874 	     Assuming that A<int> is not itself an explicit specialization
1875 	     already, the first line specializes "f" which is a non-template
1876 	     member function, whilst the second line specializes "f" which
1877 	     is a template member function. So both lines are syntactically
1878 	     correct, and check_explicit_specialization does not reject
1879 	     them.
1880 
1881 	     Here, we can do better, as we are matching the specialization
1882 	     against the declarations. We count the number of template
1883 	     headers, and we check if they match TEMPLATE_COUNT + 1
1884 	     (TEMPLATE_COUNT is the number of qualifying template classes,
1885 	     plus there must be another header for the member template
1886 	     itself).
1887 
1888 	     Notice that if header_count is zero, this is not a
1889 	     specialization but rather a template instantiation, so there
1890 	     is no check we can perform here.  */
1891 	  if (header_count && header_count != template_count + 1)
1892 	    continue;
1893 
1894 	  /* Check that the number of template arguments at the
1895 	     innermost level for DECL is the same as for FN.  */
1896 	  if (current_binding_level->kind == sk_template_parms
1897 	      && !current_binding_level->explicit_spec_p
1898 	      && (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (fn))
1899 		  != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS
1900 				      (current_template_parms))))
1901 	    continue;
1902 
1903 	  /* DECL might be a specialization of FN.  */
1904 	  decl_arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl));
1905 	  fn_arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
1906 
1907 	  /* For a non-static member function, we need to make sure
1908 	     that the const qualification is the same.  Since
1909 	     get_bindings does not try to merge the "this" parameter,
1910 	     we must do the comparison explicitly.  */
1911 	  if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (fn)
1912 	      && !same_type_p (TREE_VALUE (fn_arg_types),
1913 			       TREE_VALUE (decl_arg_types)))
1914 	    continue;
1915 
1916 	  /* Skip the "this" parameter and, for constructors of
1917 	     classes with virtual bases, the VTT parameter.  A
1918 	     full specialization of a constructor will have a VTT
1919 	     parameter, but a template never will.  */
1920 	  decl_arg_types
1921 	    = skip_artificial_parms_for (decl, decl_arg_types);
1922 	  fn_arg_types
1923 	    = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, fn_arg_types);
1924 
1925 	  /* Check that the number of function parameters matches.
1926 	     For example,
1927 	       template <class T> void f(int i = 0);
1928 	       template <> void f<int>();
1929 	     The specialization f<int> is invalid but is not caught
1930 	     by get_bindings below.  */
1931 	  if (cxx_dialect < cxx11
1932 	      && list_length (fn_arg_types) != list_length (decl_arg_types))
1933 	    continue;
1934 
1935 	  /* Function templates cannot be specializations; there are
1936 	     no partial specializations of functions.  Therefore, if
1937 	     the type of DECL does not match FN, there is no
1938 	     match.  */
1939 	  if (tsk == tsk_template)
1940 	    {
1941 	      if (compparms (fn_arg_types, decl_arg_types))
1942 		candidates = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, fn, candidates);
1943 	      continue;
1944 	    }
1945 
1946 	  /* See whether this function might be a specialization of this
1947 	     template.  */
1948 	  targs = get_bindings (fn, decl, explicit_targs, /*check_ret=*/true);
1949 
1950 	  if (!targs)
1951 	    /* We cannot deduce template arguments that when used to
1952 	       specialize TMPL will produce DECL.  */
1953 	    continue;
1954 
1955 	  if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11)
1956 	    {
1957 	      /* Make sure that the deduced arguments actually work.  */
1958 	      insttype = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (fn), targs, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
1959 	      if (insttype == error_mark_node)
1960 		continue;
1961 	      fn_arg_types
1962 		= skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (insttype));
1963 	      if (!compparms (fn_arg_types, decl_arg_types))
1964 		continue;
1965 	    }
1966 
1967 	  /* Save this template, and the arguments deduced.  */
1968 	  templates = tree_cons (targs, fn, templates);
1969 	}
1970       else if (need_member_template)
1971 	/* FN is an ordinary member function, and we need a
1972 	   specialization of a member template.  */
1973 	;
1974       else if (TREE_CODE (fn) != FUNCTION_DECL)
1975 	/* We can get IDENTIFIER_NODEs here in certain erroneous
1976 	   cases.  */
1977 	;
1978       else if (!DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (fn))
1979 	/* This is just an ordinary non-member function.  Nothing can
1980 	   be a specialization of that.  */
1981 	;
1982       else if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (fn))
1983 	/* Cannot specialize functions that are created implicitly.  */
1984 	;
1985       else
1986 	{
1987 	  tree decl_arg_types;
1988 
1989 	  /* This is an ordinary member function.  However, since
1990 	     we're here, we can assume it's enclosing class is a
1991 	     template class.  For example,
1992 
1993 	       template <typename T> struct S { void f(); };
1994 	       template <> void S<int>::f() {}
1995 
1996 	     Here, S<int>::f is a non-template, but S<int> is a
1997 	     template class.  If FN has the same type as DECL, we
1998 	     might be in business.  */
1999 
2000 	  if (!DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (fn))
2001 	    /* Its enclosing class is an explicit specialization
2002 	       of a template class.  This is not a candidate.  */
2003 	    continue;
2004 
2005 	  if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl)),
2006 			    TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fn))))
2007 	    /* The return types differ.  */
2008 	    continue;
2009 
2010 	  /* Adjust the type of DECL in case FN is a static member.  */
2011 	  decl_arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl));
2012 	  if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (fn)
2013 	      && DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl))
2014 	    decl_arg_types = TREE_CHAIN (decl_arg_types);
2015 
2016 	  if (compparms (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn)),
2017 			 decl_arg_types))
2018 	    /* They match!  */
2019 	    candidates = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, fn, candidates);
2020 	}
2021     }
2022 
2023   if (templates && TREE_CHAIN (templates))
2024     {
2025       /* We have:
2026 
2027 	   [temp.expl.spec]
2028 
2029 	   It is possible for a specialization with a given function
2030 	   signature to be instantiated from more than one function
2031 	   template.  In such cases, explicit specification of the
2032 	   template arguments must be used to uniquely identify the
2033 	   function template specialization being specialized.
2034 
2035 	 Note that here, there's no suggestion that we're supposed to
2036 	 determine which of the candidate templates is most
2037 	 specialized.  However, we, also have:
2038 
2039 	   [temp.func.order]
2040 
2041 	   Partial ordering of overloaded function template
2042 	   declarations is used in the following contexts to select
2043 	   the function template to which a function template
2044 	   specialization refers:
2045 
2046 	   -- when an explicit specialization refers to a function
2047 	      template.
2048 
2049 	 So, we do use the partial ordering rules, at least for now.
2050 	 This extension can only serve to make invalid programs valid,
2051 	 so it's safe.  And, there is strong anecdotal evidence that
2052 	 the committee intended the partial ordering rules to apply;
2053 	 the EDG front end has that behavior, and John Spicer claims
2054 	 that the committee simply forgot to delete the wording in
2055 	 [temp.expl.spec].  */
2056       tree tmpl = most_specialized_instantiation (templates);
2057       if (tmpl != error_mark_node)
2058 	{
2059 	  templates = tmpl;
2060 	  TREE_CHAIN (templates) = NULL_TREE;
2061 	}
2062     }
2063 
2064   if (templates == NULL_TREE && candidates == NULL_TREE)
2065     {
2066       error ("template-id %qD for %q+D does not match any template "
2067 	     "declaration", template_id, decl);
2068       if (header_count && header_count != template_count + 1)
2069 	inform (input_location, "saw %d %<template<>%>, need %d for "
2070 		"specializing a member function template",
2071 		header_count, template_count + 1);
2072       return error_mark_node;
2073     }
2074   else if ((templates && TREE_CHAIN (templates))
2075 	   || (candidates && TREE_CHAIN (candidates))
2076 	   || (templates && candidates))
2077     {
2078       error ("ambiguous template specialization %qD for %q+D",
2079 	     template_id, decl);
2080       candidates = chainon (candidates, templates);
2081       print_candidates (candidates);
2082       return error_mark_node;
2083     }
2084 
2085   /* We have one, and exactly one, match.  */
2086   if (candidates)
2087     {
2088       tree fn = TREE_VALUE (candidates);
2089       *targs_out = copy_node (DECL_TI_ARGS (fn));
2090       /* DECL is a re-declaration or partial instantiation of a template
2091 	 function.  */
2092       if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
2093 	return fn;
2094       /* It was a specialization of an ordinary member function in a
2095 	 template class.  */
2096       return DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fn);
2097     }
2098 
2099   /* It was a specialization of a template.  */
2100   targs = DECL_TI_ARGS (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (TREE_VALUE (templates)));
2101   if (TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (targs))
2102     {
2103       *targs_out = copy_node (targs);
2104       SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (*targs_out,
2105 			   TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (*targs_out),
2106 			   TREE_PURPOSE (templates));
2107     }
2108   else
2109     *targs_out = TREE_PURPOSE (templates);
2110   return TREE_VALUE (templates);
2111 }
2112 
2113 /* Returns a chain of parameter types, exactly like the SPEC_TYPES,
2114    but with the default argument values filled in from those in the
2115    TMPL_TYPES.  */
2116 
2117 static tree
2118 copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec_1 (tree spec_types,
2119 				      tree tmpl_types)
2120 {
2121   tree new_spec_types;
2122 
2123   if (!spec_types)
2124     return NULL_TREE;
2125 
2126   if (spec_types == void_list_node)
2127     return void_list_node;
2128 
2129   /* Substitute into the rest of the list.  */
2130   new_spec_types =
2131     copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec_1 (TREE_CHAIN (spec_types),
2132 					  TREE_CHAIN (tmpl_types));
2133 
2134   /* Add the default argument for this parameter.  */
2135   return hash_tree_cons (TREE_PURPOSE (tmpl_types),
2136 			 TREE_VALUE (spec_types),
2137 			 new_spec_types);
2138 }
2139 
2140 /* DECL is an explicit specialization.  Replicate default arguments
2141    from the template it specializes.  (That way, code like:
2142 
2143      template <class T> void f(T = 3);
2144      template <> void f(double);
2145      void g () { f (); }
2146 
2147    works, as required.)  An alternative approach would be to look up
2148    the correct default arguments at the call-site, but this approach
2149    is consistent with how implicit instantiations are handled.  */
2150 
2151 static void
2152 copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec (tree decl)
2153 {
2154   tree tmpl;
2155   tree spec_types;
2156   tree tmpl_types;
2157   tree new_spec_types;
2158   tree old_type;
2159   tree new_type;
2160   tree t;
2161   tree object_type = NULL_TREE;
2162   tree in_charge = NULL_TREE;
2163   tree vtt = NULL_TREE;
2164 
2165   /* See if there's anything we need to do.  */
2166   tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
2167   tmpl_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl)));
2168   for (t = tmpl_types; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
2169     if (TREE_PURPOSE (t))
2170       break;
2171   if (!t)
2172     return;
2173 
2174   old_type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
2175   spec_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (old_type);
2176 
2177   if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl))
2178     {
2179       /* Remove the this pointer, but remember the object's type for
2180 	 CV quals.  */
2181       object_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (spec_types));
2182       spec_types = TREE_CHAIN (spec_types);
2183       tmpl_types = TREE_CHAIN (tmpl_types);
2184 
2185       if (DECL_HAS_IN_CHARGE_PARM_P (decl))
2186 	{
2187 	  /* DECL may contain more parameters than TMPL due to the extra
2188 	     in-charge parameter in constructors and destructors.  */
2189 	  in_charge = spec_types;
2190 	  spec_types = TREE_CHAIN (spec_types);
2191 	}
2192       if (DECL_HAS_VTT_PARM_P (decl))
2193 	{
2194 	  vtt = spec_types;
2195 	  spec_types = TREE_CHAIN (spec_types);
2196 	}
2197     }
2198 
2199   /* Compute the merged default arguments.  */
2200   new_spec_types =
2201     copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec_1 (spec_types, tmpl_types);
2202 
2203   /* Compute the new FUNCTION_TYPE.  */
2204   if (object_type)
2205     {
2206       if (vtt)
2207 	new_spec_types = hash_tree_cons (TREE_PURPOSE (vtt),
2208 					 TREE_VALUE (vtt),
2209 					 new_spec_types);
2210 
2211       if (in_charge)
2212 	/* Put the in-charge parameter back.  */
2213 	new_spec_types = hash_tree_cons (TREE_PURPOSE (in_charge),
2214 					 TREE_VALUE (in_charge),
2215 					 new_spec_types);
2216 
2217       new_type = build_method_type_directly (object_type,
2218 					     TREE_TYPE (old_type),
2219 					     new_spec_types);
2220     }
2221   else
2222     new_type = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (old_type),
2223 				    new_spec_types);
2224   new_type = cp_build_type_attribute_variant (new_type,
2225 					      TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (old_type));
2226   new_type = build_exception_variant (new_type,
2227 				      TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (old_type));
2228   TREE_TYPE (decl) = new_type;
2229 }
2230 
2231 /* Check to see if the function just declared, as indicated in
2232    DECLARATOR, and in DECL, is a specialization of a function
2233    template.  We may also discover that the declaration is an explicit
2234    instantiation at this point.
2235 
2236    Returns DECL, or an equivalent declaration that should be used
2237    instead if all goes well.  Issues an error message if something is
2238    amiss.  Returns error_mark_node if the error is not easily
2239    recoverable.
2240 
2241    FLAGS is a bitmask consisting of the following flags:
2242 
2243    2: The function has a definition.
2244    4: The function is a friend.
2245 
2246    The TEMPLATE_COUNT is the number of references to qualifying
2247    template classes that appeared in the name of the function.  For
2248    example, in
2249 
2250      template <class T> struct S { void f(); };
2251      void S<int>::f();
2252 
2253    the TEMPLATE_COUNT would be 1.  However, explicitly specialized
2254    classes are not counted in the TEMPLATE_COUNT, so that in
2255 
2256      template <class T> struct S {};
2257      template <> struct S<int> { void f(); }
2258      template <> void S<int>::f();
2259 
2260    the TEMPLATE_COUNT would be 0.  (Note that this declaration is
2261    invalid; there should be no template <>.)
2262 
2263    If the function is a specialization, it is marked as such via
2264    DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION.  Furthermore, its DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO
2265    is set up correctly, and it is added to the list of specializations
2266    for that template.  */
2267 
2268 tree
2269 check_explicit_specialization (tree declarator,
2270 			       tree decl,
2271 			       int template_count,
2272 			       int flags)
2273 {
2274   int have_def = flags & 2;
2275   int is_friend = flags & 4;
2276   int specialization = 0;
2277   int explicit_instantiation = 0;
2278   int member_specialization = 0;
2279   tree ctype = DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl);
2280   tree dname = DECL_NAME (decl);
2281   tmpl_spec_kind tsk;
2282 
2283   if (is_friend)
2284     {
2285       if (!processing_specialization)
2286 	tsk = tsk_none;
2287       else
2288 	tsk = tsk_excessive_parms;
2289     }
2290   else
2291     tsk = current_tmpl_spec_kind (template_count);
2292 
2293   switch (tsk)
2294     {
2295     case tsk_none:
2296       if (processing_specialization)
2297 	{
2298 	  specialization = 1;
2299 	  SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl);
2300 	}
2301       else if (TREE_CODE (declarator) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
2302 	{
2303 	  if (is_friend)
2304 	    /* This could be something like:
2305 
2306 	       template <class T> void f(T);
2307 	       class S { friend void f<>(int); }  */
2308 	    specialization = 1;
2309 	  else
2310 	    {
2311 	      /* This case handles bogus declarations like template <>
2312 		 template <class T> void f<int>(); */
2313 
2314 	      error ("template-id %qD in declaration of primary template",
2315 		     declarator);
2316 	      return decl;
2317 	    }
2318 	}
2319       break;
2320 
2321     case tsk_invalid_member_spec:
2322       /* The error has already been reported in
2323 	 check_specialization_scope.  */
2324       return error_mark_node;
2325 
2326     case tsk_invalid_expl_inst:
2327       error ("template parameter list used in explicit instantiation");
2328 
2329       /* Fall through.  */
2330 
2331     case tsk_expl_inst:
2332       if (have_def)
2333 	error ("definition provided for explicit instantiation");
2334 
2335       explicit_instantiation = 1;
2336       break;
2337 
2338     case tsk_excessive_parms:
2339     case tsk_insufficient_parms:
2340       if (tsk == tsk_excessive_parms)
2341 	error ("too many template parameter lists in declaration of %qD",
2342 	       decl);
2343       else if (template_header_count)
2344 	error("too few template parameter lists in declaration of %qD", decl);
2345       else
2346 	error("explicit specialization of %qD must be introduced by "
2347 	      "%<template <>%>", decl);
2348 
2349       /* Fall through.  */
2350     case tsk_expl_spec:
2351       SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl);
2352       if (ctype)
2353 	member_specialization = 1;
2354       else
2355 	specialization = 1;
2356       break;
2357 
2358     case tsk_template:
2359       if (TREE_CODE (declarator) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
2360 	{
2361 	  /* This case handles bogus declarations like template <>
2362 	     template <class T> void f<int>(); */
2363 
2364 	  if (uses_template_parms (declarator))
2365 	    error ("function template partial specialization %qD "
2366 		   "is not allowed", declarator);
2367 	  else
2368 	    error ("template-id %qD in declaration of primary template",
2369 		   declarator);
2370 	  return decl;
2371 	}
2372 
2373       if (ctype && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (ctype))
2374 	/* This is a specialization of a member template, without
2375 	   specialization the containing class.  Something like:
2376 
2377 	     template <class T> struct S {
2378 	       template <class U> void f (U);
2379 	     };
2380 	     template <> template <class U> void S<int>::f(U) {}
2381 
2382 	   That's a specialization -- but of the entire template.  */
2383 	specialization = 1;
2384       break;
2385 
2386     default:
2387       gcc_unreachable ();
2388     }
2389 
2390   if (specialization || member_specialization)
2391     {
2392       tree t = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl));
2393       for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
2394 	if (TREE_PURPOSE (t))
2395 	  {
2396 	    permerror (input_location,
2397 		       "default argument specified in explicit specialization");
2398 	    break;
2399 	  }
2400     }
2401 
2402   if (specialization || member_specialization || explicit_instantiation)
2403     {
2404       tree tmpl = NULL_TREE;
2405       tree targs = NULL_TREE;
2406 
2407       /* Make sure that the declarator is a TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR.  */
2408       if (TREE_CODE (declarator) != TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
2409 	{
2410 	  tree fns;
2411 
2412 	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (declarator) == IDENTIFIER_NODE);
2413 	  if (ctype)
2414 	    fns = dname;
2415 	  else
2416 	    {
2417 	      /* If there is no class context, the explicit instantiation
2418 		 must be at namespace scope.  */
2419 	      gcc_assert (DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (decl));
2420 
2421 	      /* Find the namespace binding, using the declaration
2422 		 context.  */
2423 	      fns = lookup_qualified_name (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl), dname,
2424 					   false, true);
2425 	      if (fns == error_mark_node || !is_overloaded_fn (fns))
2426 		{
2427 		  error ("%qD is not a template function", dname);
2428 		  fns = error_mark_node;
2429 		}
2430 	      else
2431 		{
2432 		  tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
2433 		  if (!is_associated_namespace (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl),
2434 						CP_DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
2435 		    error ("%qD is not declared in %qD",
2436 			   decl, current_namespace);
2437 		}
2438 	    }
2439 
2440 	  declarator = lookup_template_function (fns, NULL_TREE);
2441 	}
2442 
2443       if (declarator == error_mark_node)
2444 	return error_mark_node;
2445 
2446       if (ctype != NULL_TREE && TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ctype))
2447 	{
2448 	  if (!explicit_instantiation)
2449 	    /* A specialization in class scope.  This is invalid,
2450 	       but the error will already have been flagged by
2451 	       check_specialization_scope.  */
2452 	    return error_mark_node;
2453 	  else
2454 	    {
2455 	      /* It's not valid to write an explicit instantiation in
2456 		 class scope, e.g.:
2457 
2458 		   class C { template void f(); }
2459 
2460 		   This case is caught by the parser.  However, on
2461 		   something like:
2462 
2463 		   template class C { void f(); };
2464 
2465 		   (which is invalid) we can get here.  The error will be
2466 		   issued later.  */
2467 	      ;
2468 	    }
2469 
2470 	  return decl;
2471 	}
2472       else if (ctype != NULL_TREE
2473 	       && (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)) ==
2474 		   IDENTIFIER_NODE))
2475 	{
2476 	  /* Find the list of functions in ctype that have the same
2477 	     name as the declared function.  */
2478 	  tree name = TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0);
2479 	  tree fns = NULL_TREE;
2480 	  int idx;
2481 
2482 	  if (constructor_name_p (name, ctype))
2483 	    {
2484 	      int is_constructor = DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (decl);
2485 
2486 	      if (is_constructor ? !TYPE_HAS_USER_CONSTRUCTOR (ctype)
2487 		  : !CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTORS (ctype))
2488 		{
2489 		  /* From [temp.expl.spec]:
2490 
2491 		     If such an explicit specialization for the member
2492 		     of a class template names an implicitly-declared
2493 		     special member function (clause _special_), the
2494 		     program is ill-formed.
2495 
2496 		     Similar language is found in [temp.explicit].  */
2497 		  error ("specialization of implicitly-declared special member function");
2498 		  return error_mark_node;
2499 		}
2500 
2501 	      name = is_constructor ? ctor_identifier : dtor_identifier;
2502 	    }
2503 
2504 	  if (!DECL_CONV_FN_P (decl))
2505 	    {
2506 	      idx = lookup_fnfields_1 (ctype, name);
2507 	      if (idx >= 0)
2508 		fns = VEC_index (tree, CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (ctype), idx);
2509 	    }
2510 	  else
2511 	    {
2512 	      VEC(tree,gc) *methods;
2513 	      tree ovl;
2514 
2515 	      /* For a type-conversion operator, we cannot do a
2516 		 name-based lookup.  We might be looking for `operator
2517 		 int' which will be a specialization of `operator T'.
2518 		 So, we find *all* the conversion operators, and then
2519 		 select from them.  */
2520 	      fns = NULL_TREE;
2521 
2522 	      methods = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (ctype);
2523 	      if (methods)
2524 		for (idx = CLASSTYPE_FIRST_CONVERSION_SLOT;
2525 		     VEC_iterate (tree, methods, idx, ovl);
2526 		     ++idx)
2527 		  {
2528 		    if (!DECL_CONV_FN_P (OVL_CURRENT (ovl)))
2529 		      /* There are no more conversion functions.  */
2530 		      break;
2531 
2532 		    /* Glue all these conversion functions together
2533 		       with those we already have.  */
2534 		    for (; ovl; ovl = OVL_NEXT (ovl))
2535 		      fns = ovl_cons (OVL_CURRENT (ovl), fns);
2536 		  }
2537 	    }
2538 
2539 	  if (fns == NULL_TREE)
2540 	    {
2541 	      error ("no member function %qD declared in %qT", name, ctype);
2542 	      return error_mark_node;
2543 	    }
2544 	  else
2545 	    TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0) = fns;
2546 	}
2547 
2548       /* Figure out what exactly is being specialized at this point.
2549 	 Note that for an explicit instantiation, even one for a
2550 	 member function, we cannot tell apriori whether the
2551 	 instantiation is for a member template, or just a member
2552 	 function of a template class.  Even if a member template is
2553 	 being instantiated, the member template arguments may be
2554 	 elided if they can be deduced from the rest of the
2555 	 declaration.  */
2556       tmpl = determine_specialization (declarator, decl,
2557 				       &targs,
2558 				       member_specialization,
2559 				       template_count,
2560 				       tsk);
2561 
2562       if (!tmpl || tmpl == error_mark_node)
2563 	/* We couldn't figure out what this declaration was
2564 	   specializing.  */
2565 	return error_mark_node;
2566       else
2567 	{
2568 	  tree gen_tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
2569 
2570 	  if (explicit_instantiation)
2571 	    {
2572 	      /* We don't set DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION here; that
2573 		 is done by do_decl_instantiation later.  */
2574 
2575 	      int arg_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (targs);
2576 	      int parm_depth = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl));
2577 
2578 	      if (arg_depth > parm_depth)
2579 		{
2580 		  /* If TMPL is not the most general template (for
2581 		     example, if TMPL is a friend template that is
2582 		     injected into namespace scope), then there will
2583 		     be too many levels of TARGS.  Remove some of them
2584 		     here.  */
2585 		  int i;
2586 		  tree new_targs;
2587 
2588 		  new_targs = make_tree_vec (parm_depth);
2589 		  for (i = arg_depth - parm_depth; i < arg_depth; ++i)
2590 		    TREE_VEC_ELT (new_targs, i - (arg_depth - parm_depth))
2591 		      = TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i);
2592 		  targs = new_targs;
2593 		}
2594 
2595 	      return instantiate_template (tmpl, targs, tf_error);
2596 	    }
2597 
2598 	  /* If we thought that the DECL was a member function, but it
2599 	     turns out to be specializing a static member function,
2600 	     make DECL a static member function as well.  */
2601 	  if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (tmpl)
2602 	      && DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl))
2603 	    revert_static_member_fn (decl);
2604 
2605 	  /* If this is a specialization of a member template of a
2606 	     template class, we want to return the TEMPLATE_DECL, not
2607 	     the specialization of it.  */
2608 	  if (tsk == tsk_template)
2609 	    {
2610 	      tree result = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);
2611 	      SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl);
2612 	      DECL_INITIAL (result) = NULL_TREE;
2613 	      if (have_def)
2614 		{
2615 		  tree parm;
2616 		  DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmpl) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl);
2617 		  DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (result)
2618 		    = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl);
2619 		  /* We want to use the argument list specified in the
2620 		     definition, not in the original declaration.  */
2621 		  DECL_ARGUMENTS (result) = DECL_ARGUMENTS (decl);
2622 		  for (parm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (result); parm;
2623 		       parm = DECL_CHAIN (parm))
2624 		    DECL_CONTEXT (parm) = result;
2625 		}
2626 	      return register_specialization (tmpl, gen_tmpl, targs,
2627 					      is_friend, 0);
2628 	    }
2629 
2630 	  /* Set up the DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO for DECL.  */
2631 	  DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl) = build_template_info (tmpl, targs);
2632 
2633 	  /* Inherit default function arguments from the template
2634 	     DECL is specializing.  */
2635 	  copy_default_args_to_explicit_spec (decl);
2636 
2637 	  /* This specialization has the same protection as the
2638 	     template it specializes.  */
2639 	  TREE_PRIVATE (decl) = TREE_PRIVATE (gen_tmpl);
2640 	  TREE_PROTECTED (decl) = TREE_PROTECTED (gen_tmpl);
2641 
2642           /* 7.1.1-1 [dcl.stc]
2643 
2644              A storage-class-specifier shall not be specified in an
2645              explicit specialization...
2646 
2647              The parser rejects these, so unless action is taken here,
2648              explicit function specializations will always appear with
2649              global linkage.
2650 
2651              The action recommended by the C++ CWG in response to C++
2652              defect report 605 is to make the storage class and linkage
2653              of the explicit specialization match the templated function:
2654 
2655              http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_active.html#605
2656            */
2657           if (tsk == tsk_expl_spec && DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl))
2658             {
2659               tree tmpl_func = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (gen_tmpl);
2660               gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl_func) == FUNCTION_DECL);
2661 
2662               /* This specialization has the same linkage and visibility as
2663                  the function template it specializes.  */
2664               TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = TREE_PUBLIC (tmpl_func);
2665 	      if (! TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
2666 		{
2667 		  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
2668 		  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 1;
2669 		}
2670               DECL_THIS_STATIC (decl) = DECL_THIS_STATIC (tmpl_func);
2671               if (DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (tmpl_func))
2672                 {
2673                   DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (decl) = 1;
2674                   DECL_VISIBILITY (decl) = DECL_VISIBILITY (tmpl_func);
2675                 }
2676             }
2677 
2678 	  /* If DECL is a friend declaration, declared using an
2679 	     unqualified name, the namespace associated with DECL may
2680 	     have been set incorrectly.  For example, in:
2681 
2682 	       template <typename T> void f(T);
2683 	       namespace N {
2684 		 struct S { friend void f<int>(int); }
2685 	       }
2686 
2687 	     we will have set the DECL_CONTEXT for the friend
2688 	     declaration to N, rather than to the global namespace.  */
2689 	  if (DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (decl))
2690 	    DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl);
2691 
2692 	  if (is_friend && !have_def)
2693 	    /* This is not really a declaration of a specialization.
2694 	       It's just the name of an instantiation.  But, it's not
2695 	       a request for an instantiation, either.  */
2696 	    SET_DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl);
2697 	  else if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (decl) || DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (decl))
2698 	    /* This is indeed a specialization.  In case of constructors
2699 	       and destructors, we need in-charge and not-in-charge
2700 	       versions in V3 ABI.  */
2701 	    clone_function_decl (decl, /*update_method_vec_p=*/0);
2702 
2703 	  /* Register this specialization so that we can find it
2704 	     again.  */
2705 	  decl = register_specialization (decl, gen_tmpl, targs, is_friend, 0);
2706 	}
2707     }
2708 
2709   return decl;
2710 }
2711 
2712 /* Returns 1 iff PARMS1 and PARMS2 are identical sets of template
2713    parameters.  These are represented in the same format used for
2714    DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.  */
2715 
2716 int
2717 comp_template_parms (const_tree parms1, const_tree parms2)
2718 {
2719   const_tree p1;
2720   const_tree p2;
2721 
2722   if (parms1 == parms2)
2723     return 1;
2724 
2725   for (p1 = parms1, p2 = parms2;
2726        p1 != NULL_TREE && p2 != NULL_TREE;
2727        p1 = TREE_CHAIN (p1), p2 = TREE_CHAIN (p2))
2728     {
2729       tree t1 = TREE_VALUE (p1);
2730       tree t2 = TREE_VALUE (p2);
2731       int i;
2732 
2733       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (t1) == TREE_VEC);
2734       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (t2) == TREE_VEC);
2735 
2736       if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t1) != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t2))
2737 	return 0;
2738 
2739       for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t2); ++i)
2740 	{
2741           tree parm1 = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (t1, i));
2742           tree parm2 = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (t2, i));
2743 
2744           /* If either of the template parameters are invalid, assume
2745              they match for the sake of error recovery. */
2746           if (parm1 == error_mark_node || parm2 == error_mark_node)
2747             return 1;
2748 
2749 	  if (TREE_CODE (parm1) != TREE_CODE (parm2))
2750 	    return 0;
2751 
2752 	  if (TREE_CODE (parm1) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
2753               && (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (parm1)
2754                   == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (parm2)))
2755 	    continue;
2756 	  else if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (parm1), TREE_TYPE (parm2)))
2757 	    return 0;
2758 	}
2759     }
2760 
2761   if ((p1 != NULL_TREE) != (p2 != NULL_TREE))
2762     /* One set of parameters has more parameters lists than the
2763        other.  */
2764     return 0;
2765 
2766   return 1;
2767 }
2768 
2769 /* Determine whether PARM is a parameter pack.  */
2770 
2771 bool
2772 template_parameter_pack_p (const_tree parm)
2773 {
2774   /* Determine if we have a non-type template parameter pack.  */
2775   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == PARM_DECL)
2776     return (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (parm)
2777             && TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (parm)));
2778   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
2779     return TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (parm);
2780 
2781   /* If this is a list of template parameters, we could get a
2782      TYPE_DECL or a TEMPLATE_DECL.  */
2783   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_DECL || TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
2784     parm = TREE_TYPE (parm);
2785 
2786   /* Otherwise it must be a type template parameter.  */
2787   return ((TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
2788 	   || TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
2789 	  && TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (parm));
2790 }
2791 
2792 /* Determine if T is a function parameter pack.  */
2793 
2794 bool
2795 function_parameter_pack_p (const_tree t)
2796 {
2797   if (t && TREE_CODE (t) == PARM_DECL)
2798     return FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (t);
2799   return false;
2800 }
2801 
2802 /* Return the function template declaration of PRIMARY_FUNC_TMPL_INST.
2803    PRIMARY_FUNC_TMPL_INST is a primary function template instantiation.  */
2804 
2805 tree
2806 get_function_template_decl (const_tree primary_func_tmpl_inst)
2807 {
2808   if (! primary_func_tmpl_inst
2809       || TREE_CODE (primary_func_tmpl_inst) != FUNCTION_DECL
2810       || ! primary_template_instantiation_p (primary_func_tmpl_inst))
2811     return NULL;
2812 
2813   return DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (primary_func_tmpl_inst));
2814 }
2815 
2816 /* Return true iff the function parameter PARAM_DECL was expanded
2817    from the function parameter pack PACK.  */
2818 
2819 bool
2820 function_parameter_expanded_from_pack_p (tree param_decl, tree pack)
2821 {
2822   if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (param_decl)
2823       || !function_parameter_pack_p (pack))
2824     return false;
2825 
2826   /* The parameter pack and its pack arguments have the same
2827      DECL_PARM_INDEX.  */
2828   return DECL_PARM_INDEX (pack) == DECL_PARM_INDEX (param_decl);
2829 }
2830 
2831 /* Determine whether ARGS describes a variadic template args list,
2832    i.e., one that is terminated by a template argument pack.  */
2833 
2834 static bool
2835 template_args_variadic_p (tree args)
2836 {
2837   int nargs;
2838   tree last_parm;
2839 
2840   if (args == NULL_TREE)
2841     return false;
2842 
2843   args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (args);
2844   nargs = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args);
2845 
2846   if (nargs == 0)
2847     return false;
2848 
2849   last_parm = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, nargs - 1);
2850 
2851   return ARGUMENT_PACK_P (last_parm);
2852 }
2853 
2854 /* Generate a new name for the parameter pack name NAME (an
2855    IDENTIFIER_NODE) that incorporates its */
2856 
2857 static tree
2858 make_ith_pack_parameter_name (tree name, int i)
2859 {
2860   /* Munge the name to include the parameter index.  */
2861 #define NUMBUF_LEN 128
2862   char numbuf[NUMBUF_LEN];
2863   char* newname;
2864   int newname_len;
2865 
2866   snprintf (numbuf, NUMBUF_LEN, "%i", i);
2867   newname_len = IDENTIFIER_LENGTH (name)
2868 	        + strlen (numbuf) + 2;
2869   newname = (char*)alloca (newname_len);
2870   snprintf (newname, newname_len,
2871 	    "%s#%i", IDENTIFIER_POINTER (name), i);
2872   return get_identifier (newname);
2873 }
2874 
2875 /* Return true if T is a primary function, class or alias template
2876    instantiation.  */
2877 
2878 bool
2879 primary_template_instantiation_p (const_tree t)
2880 {
2881   if (!t)
2882     return false;
2883 
2884   if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL)
2885     return DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (t)
2886 	   && DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (t)
2887 	   && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t));
2888   else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (t) && !TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (TYPE_NAME (t)))
2889     return CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (t)
2890 	   && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t));
2891   else if (TYPE_P (t)
2892 	   && TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t)
2893 	   && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t))
2894 	   && DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (TYPE_NAME (t)))
2895     return true;
2896   return false;
2897 }
2898 
2899 /* Return true if PARM is a template template parameter.  */
2900 
2901 bool
2902 template_template_parameter_p (const_tree parm)
2903 {
2904   return DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (parm);
2905 }
2906 
2907 /* Return the template parameters of T if T is a
2908    primary template instantiation, NULL otherwise.  */
2909 
2910 tree
2911 get_primary_template_innermost_parameters (const_tree t)
2912 {
2913   tree parms = NULL, template_info = NULL;
2914 
2915   if ((template_info = get_template_info (t))
2916       && primary_template_instantiation_p (t))
2917     parms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS
2918 	(DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TI_TEMPLATE (template_info)));
2919 
2920   return parms;
2921 }
2922 
2923 /* Return the template parameters of the LEVELth level from the full list
2924    of template parameters PARMS.  */
2925 
2926 tree
2927 get_template_parms_at_level (tree parms, int level)
2928 {
2929   tree p;
2930   if (!parms
2931       || TREE_CODE (parms) != TREE_LIST
2932       || level > TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms))
2933     return NULL_TREE;
2934 
2935   for (p = parms; p; p = TREE_CHAIN (p))
2936     if (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (p) == level)
2937       return p;
2938 
2939   return NULL_TREE;
2940 }
2941 
2942 /* Returns the template arguments of T if T is a template instantiation,
2943    NULL otherwise.  */
2944 
2945 tree
2946 get_template_innermost_arguments (const_tree t)
2947 {
2948   tree args = NULL, template_info = NULL;
2949 
2950   if ((template_info = get_template_info (t))
2951       && TI_ARGS (template_info))
2952     args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (TI_ARGS (template_info));
2953 
2954   return args;
2955 }
2956 
2957 /* Return the argument pack elements of T if T is a template argument pack,
2958    NULL otherwise.  */
2959 
2960 tree
2961 get_template_argument_pack_elems (const_tree t)
2962 {
2963   if (TREE_CODE (t) != TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK
2964       && TREE_CODE (t) != NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK)
2965     return NULL;
2966 
2967   return ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (t);
2968 }
2969 
2970 /* Structure used to track the progress of find_parameter_packs_r.  */
2971 struct find_parameter_pack_data
2972 {
2973   /* TREE_LIST that will contain all of the parameter packs found by
2974      the traversal.  */
2975   tree* parameter_packs;
2976 
2977   /* Set of AST nodes that have been visited by the traversal.  */
2978   struct pointer_set_t *visited;
2979 };
2980 
2981 /* Identifies all of the argument packs that occur in a template
2982    argument and appends them to the TREE_LIST inside DATA, which is a
2983    find_parameter_pack_data structure. This is a subroutine of
2984    make_pack_expansion and uses_parameter_packs.  */
2985 static tree
2986 find_parameter_packs_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void* data)
2987 {
2988   tree t = *tp;
2989   struct find_parameter_pack_data* ppd =
2990     (struct find_parameter_pack_data*)data;
2991   bool parameter_pack_p = false;
2992 
2993   /* Handle type aliases/typedefs.  */
2994   if (TYPE_P (t)
2995       && TYPE_NAME (t)
2996       && TREE_CODE (TYPE_NAME (t)) == TYPE_DECL
2997       && TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (TYPE_NAME (t)))
2998     {
2999       if (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t))
3000 	cp_walk_tree (&TYPE_TI_ARGS (t),
3001 		      &find_parameter_packs_r,
3002 		      ppd, ppd->visited);
3003       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3004       return NULL_TREE;
3005     }
3006 
3007   /* Identify whether this is a parameter pack or not.  */
3008   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
3009     {
3010     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
3011       if (TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (t))
3012         parameter_pack_p = true;
3013       break;
3014 
3015     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
3016       t = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t);
3017     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
3018       if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (t))
3019         parameter_pack_p = true;
3020       break;
3021 
3022     case PARM_DECL:
3023       if (FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (t))
3024         {
3025           /* We don't want to walk into the type of a PARM_DECL,
3026              because we don't want to see the type parameter pack.  */
3027           *walk_subtrees = 0;
3028 	  parameter_pack_p = true;
3029         }
3030       break;
3031 
3032     case BASES:
3033       parameter_pack_p = true;
3034       break;
3035     default:
3036       /* Not a parameter pack.  */
3037       break;
3038     }
3039 
3040   if (parameter_pack_p)
3041     {
3042       /* Add this parameter pack to the list.  */
3043       *ppd->parameter_packs = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, t, *ppd->parameter_packs);
3044     }
3045 
3046   if (TYPE_P (t))
3047     cp_walk_tree (&TYPE_CONTEXT (t),
3048 		  &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd, ppd->visited);
3049 
3050   /* This switch statement will return immediately if we don't find a
3051      parameter pack.  */
3052   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
3053     {
3054     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
3055       return NULL_TREE;
3056 
3057     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
3058       /* Check the template itself.  */
3059       cp_walk_tree (&TREE_TYPE (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t)),
3060 		    &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd, ppd->visited);
3061       /* Check the template arguments.  */
3062       cp_walk_tree (&TYPE_TI_ARGS (t), &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd,
3063 		    ppd->visited);
3064       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3065       return NULL_TREE;
3066 
3067     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
3068     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
3069       return NULL_TREE;
3070 
3071     case PARM_DECL:
3072       return NULL_TREE;
3073 
3074     case RECORD_TYPE:
3075       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
3076 	return NULL_TREE;
3077       /* Fall through.  */
3078 
3079     case UNION_TYPE:
3080     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
3081       if (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t))
3082 	cp_walk_tree (&TI_ARGS (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t)),
3083 		      &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd, ppd->visited);
3084 
3085       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3086       return NULL_TREE;
3087 
3088     case CONSTRUCTOR:
3089     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
3090       cp_walk_tree (&TREE_TYPE (t),
3091 		    &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd, ppd->visited);
3092       return NULL_TREE;
3093 
3094     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
3095       cp_walk_tree (&TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t), &find_parameter_packs_r,
3096                    ppd, ppd->visited);
3097       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3098       return NULL_TREE;
3099 
3100     case TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION:
3101     case EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION:
3102       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3103       return NULL_TREE;
3104 
3105     case INTEGER_TYPE:
3106       cp_walk_tree (&TYPE_MAX_VALUE (t), &find_parameter_packs_r,
3107 		    ppd, ppd->visited);
3108       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3109       return NULL_TREE;
3110 
3111     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
3112       cp_walk_tree (&TREE_TYPE (t), &find_parameter_packs_r, ppd,
3113 		    ppd->visited);
3114       *walk_subtrees = 0;
3115       return NULL_TREE;
3116 
3117     default:
3118       return NULL_TREE;
3119     }
3120 
3121   return NULL_TREE;
3122 }
3123 
3124 /* Determines if the expression or type T uses any parameter packs.  */
3125 bool
3126 uses_parameter_packs (tree t)
3127 {
3128   tree parameter_packs = NULL_TREE;
3129   struct find_parameter_pack_data ppd;
3130   ppd.parameter_packs = &parameter_packs;
3131   ppd.visited = pointer_set_create ();
3132   cp_walk_tree (&t, &find_parameter_packs_r, &ppd, ppd.visited);
3133   pointer_set_destroy (ppd.visited);
3134   return parameter_packs != NULL_TREE;
3135 }
3136 
3137 /* Turn ARG, which may be an expression, type, or a TREE_LIST
3138    representation a base-class initializer into a parameter pack
3139    expansion. If all goes well, the resulting node will be an
3140    EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION, TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION, or TREE_LIST,
3141    respectively.  */
3142 tree
3143 make_pack_expansion (tree arg)
3144 {
3145   tree result;
3146   tree parameter_packs = NULL_TREE;
3147   bool for_types = false;
3148   struct find_parameter_pack_data ppd;
3149 
3150   if (!arg || arg == error_mark_node)
3151     return arg;
3152 
3153   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_LIST)
3154     {
3155       /* The only time we will see a TREE_LIST here is for a base
3156          class initializer.  In this case, the TREE_PURPOSE will be a
3157          _TYPE node (representing the base class expansion we're
3158          initializing) and the TREE_VALUE will be a TREE_LIST
3159          containing the initialization arguments.
3160 
3161          The resulting expansion looks somewhat different from most
3162          expansions. Rather than returning just one _EXPANSION, we
3163          return a TREE_LIST whose TREE_PURPOSE is a
3164          TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION containing the bases that will be
3165          initialized.  The TREE_VALUE will be identical to the
3166          original TREE_VALUE, which is a list of arguments that will
3167          be passed to each base.  We do not introduce any new pack
3168          expansion nodes into the TREE_VALUE (although it is possible
3169          that some already exist), because the TREE_PURPOSE and
3170          TREE_VALUE all need to be expanded together with the same
3171          _EXPANSION node.  Note that the TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION in the
3172          resulting TREE_PURPOSE will mention the parameter packs in
3173          both the bases and the arguments to the bases.  */
3174       tree purpose;
3175       tree value;
3176       tree parameter_packs = NULL_TREE;
3177 
3178       /* Determine which parameter packs will be used by the base
3179          class expansion.  */
3180       ppd.visited = pointer_set_create ();
3181       ppd.parameter_packs = &parameter_packs;
3182       cp_walk_tree (&TREE_PURPOSE (arg), &find_parameter_packs_r,
3183                     &ppd, ppd.visited);
3184 
3185       if (parameter_packs == NULL_TREE)
3186         {
3187           error ("base initializer expansion %<%T%> contains no parameter packs", arg);
3188           pointer_set_destroy (ppd.visited);
3189           return error_mark_node;
3190         }
3191 
3192       if (TREE_VALUE (arg) != void_type_node)
3193         {
3194           /* Collect the sets of parameter packs used in each of the
3195              initialization arguments.  */
3196           for (value = TREE_VALUE (arg); value; value = TREE_CHAIN (value))
3197             {
3198               /* Determine which parameter packs will be expanded in this
3199                  argument.  */
3200               cp_walk_tree (&TREE_VALUE (value), &find_parameter_packs_r,
3201                             &ppd, ppd.visited);
3202             }
3203         }
3204 
3205       pointer_set_destroy (ppd.visited);
3206 
3207       /* Create the pack expansion type for the base type.  */
3208       purpose = cxx_make_type (TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION);
3209       SET_PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (purpose, TREE_PURPOSE (arg));
3210       PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (purpose) = parameter_packs;
3211 
3212       /* Just use structural equality for these TYPE_PACK_EXPANSIONS;
3213 	 they will rarely be compared to anything.  */
3214       SET_TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY (purpose);
3215 
3216       return tree_cons (purpose, TREE_VALUE (arg), NULL_TREE);
3217     }
3218 
3219   if (TYPE_P (arg) || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
3220     for_types = true;
3221 
3222   /* Build the PACK_EXPANSION_* node.  */
3223   result = for_types
3224      ? cxx_make_type (TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
3225      : make_node (EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION);
3226   SET_PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (result, arg);
3227   if (TREE_CODE (result) == EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION)
3228     {
3229       /* Propagate type and const-expression information.  */
3230       TREE_TYPE (result) = TREE_TYPE (arg);
3231       TREE_CONSTANT (result) = TREE_CONSTANT (arg);
3232     }
3233   else
3234     /* Just use structural equality for these TYPE_PACK_EXPANSIONS;
3235        they will rarely be compared to anything.  */
3236     SET_TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY (result);
3237 
3238   /* Determine which parameter packs will be expanded.  */
3239   ppd.parameter_packs = &parameter_packs;
3240   ppd.visited = pointer_set_create ();
3241   cp_walk_tree (&arg, &find_parameter_packs_r, &ppd, ppd.visited);
3242   pointer_set_destroy (ppd.visited);
3243 
3244   /* Make sure we found some parameter packs.  */
3245   if (parameter_packs == NULL_TREE)
3246     {
3247       if (TYPE_P (arg))
3248         error ("expansion pattern %<%T%> contains no argument packs", arg);
3249       else
3250         error ("expansion pattern %<%E%> contains no argument packs", arg);
3251       return error_mark_node;
3252     }
3253   PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (result) = parameter_packs;
3254 
3255   PACK_EXPANSION_LOCAL_P (result) = at_function_scope_p ();
3256 
3257   return result;
3258 }
3259 
3260 /* Checks T for any "bare" parameter packs, which have not yet been
3261    expanded, and issues an error if any are found. This operation can
3262    only be done on full expressions or types (e.g., an expression
3263    statement, "if" condition, etc.), because we could have expressions like:
3264 
3265      foo(f(g(h(args)))...)
3266 
3267    where "args" is a parameter pack. check_for_bare_parameter_packs
3268    should not be called for the subexpressions args, h(args),
3269    g(h(args)), or f(g(h(args))), because we would produce erroneous
3270    error messages.
3271 
3272    Returns TRUE and emits an error if there were bare parameter packs,
3273    returns FALSE otherwise.  */
3274 bool
3275 check_for_bare_parameter_packs (tree t)
3276 {
3277   tree parameter_packs = NULL_TREE;
3278   struct find_parameter_pack_data ppd;
3279 
3280   if (!processing_template_decl || !t || t == error_mark_node)
3281     return false;
3282 
3283   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL)
3284     t = TREE_TYPE (t);
3285 
3286   ppd.parameter_packs = &parameter_packs;
3287   ppd.visited = pointer_set_create ();
3288   cp_walk_tree (&t, &find_parameter_packs_r, &ppd, ppd.visited);
3289   pointer_set_destroy (ppd.visited);
3290 
3291   if (parameter_packs)
3292     {
3293       error ("parameter packs not expanded with %<...%>:");
3294       while (parameter_packs)
3295         {
3296           tree pack = TREE_VALUE (parameter_packs);
3297           tree name = NULL_TREE;
3298 
3299           if (TREE_CODE (pack) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
3300               || TREE_CODE (pack) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
3301             name = TYPE_NAME (pack);
3302           else if (TREE_CODE (pack) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
3303             name = DECL_NAME (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (pack));
3304           else
3305             name = DECL_NAME (pack);
3306 
3307 	  if (name)
3308 	    inform (input_location, "        %qD", name);
3309 	  else
3310 	    inform (input_location, "        <anonymous>");
3311 
3312           parameter_packs = TREE_CHAIN (parameter_packs);
3313         }
3314 
3315       return true;
3316     }
3317 
3318   return false;
3319 }
3320 
3321 /* Expand any parameter packs that occur in the template arguments in
3322    ARGS.  */
3323 tree
3324 expand_template_argument_pack (tree args)
3325 {
3326   tree result_args = NULL_TREE;
3327   int in_arg, out_arg = 0, nargs = args ? TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) : 0;
3328   int num_result_args = -1;
3329   int non_default_args_count = -1;
3330 
3331   /* First, determine if we need to expand anything, and the number of
3332      slots we'll need.  */
3333   for (in_arg = 0; in_arg < nargs; ++in_arg)
3334     {
3335       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, in_arg);
3336       if (arg == NULL_TREE)
3337 	return args;
3338       if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
3339         {
3340           int num_packed = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg));
3341           if (num_result_args < 0)
3342             num_result_args = in_arg + num_packed;
3343           else
3344             num_result_args += num_packed;
3345         }
3346       else
3347         {
3348           if (num_result_args >= 0)
3349             num_result_args++;
3350         }
3351     }
3352 
3353   /* If no expansion is necessary, we're done.  */
3354   if (num_result_args < 0)
3355     return args;
3356 
3357   /* Expand arguments.  */
3358   result_args = make_tree_vec (num_result_args);
3359   if (NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (args))
3360     non_default_args_count =
3361       GET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (args);
3362   for (in_arg = 0; in_arg < nargs; ++in_arg)
3363     {
3364       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, in_arg);
3365       if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
3366         {
3367           tree packed = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg);
3368           int i, num_packed = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed);
3369           for (i = 0; i < num_packed; ++i, ++out_arg)
3370             TREE_VEC_ELT (result_args, out_arg) = TREE_VEC_ELT(packed, i);
3371 	  if (non_default_args_count > 0)
3372 	    non_default_args_count += num_packed;
3373         }
3374       else
3375         {
3376           TREE_VEC_ELT (result_args, out_arg) = arg;
3377           ++out_arg;
3378         }
3379     }
3380   if (non_default_args_count >= 0)
3381     SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (result_args, non_default_args_count);
3382   return result_args;
3383 }
3384 
3385 /* Checks if DECL shadows a template parameter.
3386 
3387    [temp.local]: A template-parameter shall not be redeclared within its
3388    scope (including nested scopes).
3389 
3390    Emits an error and returns TRUE if the DECL shadows a parameter,
3391    returns FALSE otherwise.  */
3392 
3393 bool
3394 check_template_shadow (tree decl)
3395 {
3396   tree olddecl;
3397 
3398   /* If we're not in a template, we can't possibly shadow a template
3399      parameter.  */
3400   if (!current_template_parms)
3401     return true;
3402 
3403   /* Figure out what we're shadowing.  */
3404   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == OVERLOAD)
3405     decl = OVL_CURRENT (decl);
3406   olddecl = innermost_non_namespace_value (DECL_NAME (decl));
3407 
3408   /* If there's no previous binding for this name, we're not shadowing
3409      anything, let alone a template parameter.  */
3410   if (!olddecl)
3411     return true;
3412 
3413   /* If we're not shadowing a template parameter, we're done.  Note
3414      that OLDDECL might be an OVERLOAD (or perhaps even an
3415      ERROR_MARK), so we can't just blithely assume it to be a _DECL
3416      node.  */
3417   if (!DECL_P (olddecl) || !DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (olddecl))
3418     return true;
3419 
3420   /* We check for decl != olddecl to avoid bogus errors for using a
3421      name inside a class.  We check TPFI to avoid duplicate errors for
3422      inline member templates.  */
3423   if (decl == olddecl
3424       || TEMPLATE_PARMS_FOR_INLINE (current_template_parms))
3425     return true;
3426 
3427   error ("declaration of %q+#D", decl);
3428   error (" shadows template parm %q+#D", olddecl);
3429   return false;
3430 }
3431 
3432 /* Return a new TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX with the indicated INDEX, LEVEL,
3433    ORIG_LEVEL, DECL, and TYPE.  NUM_SIBLINGS is the total number of
3434    template parameters.  */
3435 
3436 static tree
3437 build_template_parm_index (int index,
3438 			   int level,
3439 			   int orig_level,
3440 			   int num_siblings,
3441 			   tree decl,
3442 			   tree type)
3443 {
3444   tree t = make_node (TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX);
3445   TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (t) = index;
3446   TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (t) = level;
3447   TEMPLATE_PARM_ORIG_LEVEL (t) = orig_level;
3448   TEMPLATE_PARM_NUM_SIBLINGS (t) = num_siblings;
3449   TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (t) = decl;
3450   TREE_TYPE (t) = type;
3451   TREE_CONSTANT (t) = TREE_CONSTANT (decl);
3452   TREE_READONLY (t) = TREE_READONLY (decl);
3453 
3454   return t;
3455 }
3456 
3457 /* Find the canonical type parameter for the given template type
3458    parameter.  Returns the canonical type parameter, which may be TYPE
3459    if no such parameter existed.  */
3460 
3461 static tree
3462 canonical_type_parameter (tree type)
3463 {
3464   tree list;
3465   int idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (type);
3466   if (!canonical_template_parms)
3467     canonical_template_parms = VEC_alloc (tree, gc, idx+1);
3468 
3469   while (VEC_length (tree, canonical_template_parms) <= (unsigned)idx)
3470     VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, canonical_template_parms, NULL_TREE);
3471 
3472   list = VEC_index (tree, canonical_template_parms, idx);
3473   while (list && !comptypes (type, TREE_VALUE (list), COMPARE_STRUCTURAL))
3474     list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
3475 
3476   if (list)
3477     return TREE_VALUE (list);
3478   else
3479     {
3480       VEC_replace(tree, canonical_template_parms, idx,
3481 		  tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type,
3482 			     VEC_index (tree, canonical_template_parms, idx)));
3483       return type;
3484     }
3485 }
3486 
3487 /* Return a TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX, similar to INDEX, but whose
3488    TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL has been decreased by LEVELS.  If such a
3489    TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX already exists, it is returned; otherwise, a
3490    new one is created.  */
3491 
3492 static tree
3493 reduce_template_parm_level (tree index, tree type, int levels, tree args,
3494 			    tsubst_flags_t complain)
3495 {
3496   if (TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index) == NULL_TREE
3497       || (TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index))
3498 	  != TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (index) - levels)
3499       || !same_type_p (type, TREE_TYPE (TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index))))
3500     {
3501       tree orig_decl = TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (index);
3502       tree decl, t;
3503 
3504       decl = build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (orig_decl),
3505 			 TREE_CODE (orig_decl), DECL_NAME (orig_decl), type);
3506       TREE_CONSTANT (decl) = TREE_CONSTANT (orig_decl);
3507       TREE_READONLY (decl) = TREE_READONLY (orig_decl);
3508       DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
3509       SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (decl);
3510 
3511       t = build_template_parm_index (TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (index),
3512 				     TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (index) - levels,
3513 				     TEMPLATE_PARM_ORIG_LEVEL (index),
3514 				     TEMPLATE_PARM_NUM_SIBLINGS (index),
3515 				     decl, type);
3516       TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index) = t;
3517       TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (t)
3518 	= TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (index);
3519 
3520 	/* Template template parameters need this.  */
3521       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
3522 	DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (decl) = tsubst_template_parms
3523 	  (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (index)),
3524 	   args, complain);
3525     }
3526 
3527   return TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index);
3528 }
3529 
3530 /* Process information from new template parameter PARM and append it
3531    to the LIST being built.  This new parameter is a non-type
3532    parameter iff IS_NON_TYPE is true. This new parameter is a
3533    parameter pack iff IS_PARAMETER_PACK is true.  The location of PARM
3534    is in PARM_LOC. NUM_TEMPLATE_PARMS is the size of the template
3535    parameter list PARM belongs to. This is used used to create a
3536    proper canonical type for the type of PARM that is to be created,
3537    iff PARM is a type.  If the size is not known, this parameter shall
3538    be set to 0.  */
3539 
3540 tree
3541 process_template_parm (tree list, location_t parm_loc, tree parm,
3542 		       bool is_non_type, bool is_parameter_pack,
3543 		       unsigned num_template_parms)
3544 {
3545   tree decl = 0;
3546   tree defval;
3547   tree err_parm_list;
3548   int idx = 0;
3549 
3550   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (parm) == TREE_LIST);
3551   defval = TREE_PURPOSE (parm);
3552 
3553   if (list)
3554     {
3555       tree p = tree_last (list);
3556 
3557       if (p && TREE_VALUE (p) != error_mark_node)
3558         {
3559           p = TREE_VALUE (p);
3560           if (TREE_CODE (p) == TYPE_DECL || TREE_CODE (p) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
3561             idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (TREE_TYPE (p));
3562           else
3563             idx = TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (DECL_INITIAL (p));
3564         }
3565 
3566       ++idx;
3567     }
3568   else
3569     idx = 0;
3570 
3571   if (is_non_type)
3572     {
3573       parm = TREE_VALUE (parm);
3574 
3575       SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (parm);
3576 
3577       if (TREE_TYPE (parm) == error_mark_node)
3578         {
3579           err_parm_list = build_tree_list (defval, parm);
3580           TREE_VALUE (err_parm_list) = error_mark_node;
3581 	   return chainon (list, err_parm_list);
3582         }
3583       else
3584       {
3585 	/* [temp.param]
3586 
3587 	   The top-level cv-qualifiers on the template-parameter are
3588 	   ignored when determining its type.  */
3589 	TREE_TYPE (parm) = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (parm));
3590 	if (invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (TREE_TYPE (parm), 1))
3591           {
3592             err_parm_list = build_tree_list (defval, parm);
3593             TREE_VALUE (err_parm_list) = error_mark_node;
3594 	     return chainon (list, err_parm_list);
3595           }
3596 
3597         if (uses_parameter_packs (TREE_TYPE (parm)) && !is_parameter_pack)
3598 	  {
3599 	    /* This template parameter is not a parameter pack, but it
3600 	       should be. Complain about "bare" parameter packs.  */
3601 	    check_for_bare_parameter_packs (TREE_TYPE (parm));
3602 
3603 	    /* Recover by calling this a parameter pack.  */
3604 	    is_parameter_pack = true;
3605 	  }
3606       }
3607 
3608       /* A template parameter is not modifiable.  */
3609       TREE_CONSTANT (parm) = 1;
3610       TREE_READONLY (parm) = 1;
3611       decl = build_decl (parm_loc,
3612 			 CONST_DECL, DECL_NAME (parm), TREE_TYPE (parm));
3613       TREE_CONSTANT (decl) = 1;
3614       TREE_READONLY (decl) = 1;
3615       DECL_INITIAL (parm) = DECL_INITIAL (decl)
3616 	= build_template_parm_index (idx, processing_template_decl,
3617 				     processing_template_decl,
3618 				     num_template_parms,
3619 				     decl, TREE_TYPE (parm));
3620 
3621       TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (parm))
3622 	= is_parameter_pack;
3623     }
3624   else
3625     {
3626       tree t;
3627       parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VALUE (parm));
3628 
3629       if (parm && TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
3630 	{
3631 	  t = cxx_make_type (TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM);
3632 	  /* This is for distinguishing between real templates and template
3633 	     template parameters */
3634 	  TREE_TYPE (parm) = t;
3635 	  TREE_TYPE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (parm)) = t;
3636 	  decl = parm;
3637 	}
3638       else
3639 	{
3640 	  t = cxx_make_type (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM);
3641 	  /* parm is either IDENTIFIER_NODE or NULL_TREE.  */
3642 	  decl = build_decl (parm_loc,
3643 			     TYPE_DECL, parm, t);
3644 	}
3645 
3646       TYPE_NAME (t) = decl;
3647       TYPE_STUB_DECL (t) = decl;
3648       parm = decl;
3649       TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (t)
3650 	= build_template_parm_index (idx, processing_template_decl,
3651 				     processing_template_decl,
3652 				     num_template_parms,
3653 				     decl, TREE_TYPE (parm));
3654       TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (t) = is_parameter_pack;
3655       TYPE_CANONICAL (t) = canonical_type_parameter (t);
3656     }
3657   DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
3658   SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (decl);
3659   pushdecl (decl);
3660   parm = build_tree_list (defval, parm);
3661   return chainon (list, parm);
3662 }
3663 
3664 /* The end of a template parameter list has been reached.  Process the
3665    tree list into a parameter vector, converting each parameter into a more
3666    useful form.	 Type parameters are saved as IDENTIFIER_NODEs, and others
3667    as PARM_DECLs.  */
3668 
3669 tree
3670 end_template_parm_list (tree parms)
3671 {
3672   int nparms;
3673   tree parm, next;
3674   tree saved_parmlist = make_tree_vec (list_length (parms));
3675 
3676   current_template_parms
3677     = tree_cons (size_int (processing_template_decl),
3678 		 saved_parmlist, current_template_parms);
3679 
3680   for (parm = parms, nparms = 0; parm; parm = next, nparms++)
3681     {
3682       next = TREE_CHAIN (parm);
3683       TREE_VEC_ELT (saved_parmlist, nparms) = parm;
3684       TREE_CHAIN (parm) = NULL_TREE;
3685     }
3686 
3687   --processing_template_parmlist;
3688 
3689   return saved_parmlist;
3690 }
3691 
3692 /* Create a new type almost identical to TYPE but which has the
3693    following differences:
3694 
3695      1/ T has a new TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX that carries the new number of
3696      template sibling parameters of T.
3697 
3698      2/ T has a new canonical type that matches the new number
3699      of sibling parms.
3700 
3701      3/ From now on, T is going to be what lookups referring to the
3702      name of TYPE will return. No lookup should return TYPE anymore.
3703 
3704    NUM_PARMS is the new number of sibling parms TYPE belongs to.
3705 
3706    This is a subroutine of fixup_template_parms.  */
3707 
3708 static tree
3709 fixup_template_type_parm_type (tree type, int num_parms)
3710 {
3711   tree orig_idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (type), idx;
3712   tree t;
3713   /* This is the decl which name is inserted into the symbol table for
3714      the template parm type. So whenever we lookup the type name, this
3715      is the DECL we get.  */
3716   tree decl;
3717 
3718   /* Do not fix up the type twice.  */
3719   if (orig_idx && TEMPLATE_PARM_NUM_SIBLINGS (orig_idx) != 0)
3720     return type;
3721 
3722   t = copy_type (type);
3723   decl = TYPE_NAME (t);
3724 
3725   TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t) = t;
3726   TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (t)= NULL_TREE;
3727   TYPE_POINTER_TO (t) = 0;
3728   TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (t) = 0;
3729 
3730   idx = build_template_parm_index (TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (orig_idx),
3731 				   TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (orig_idx),
3732 				   TEMPLATE_PARM_ORIG_LEVEL (orig_idx),
3733 				   num_parms,
3734 				   decl, t);
3735   TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (idx) = TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (orig_idx);
3736   TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (idx) = TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (orig_idx);
3737   TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (t) = idx;
3738 
3739   TYPE_STUB_DECL (t) = decl;
3740   TEMPLATE_TYPE_DECL (t) = decl;
3741   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
3742     TREE_TYPE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT  (decl)) = t;
3743 
3744   /* Update the type associated to the type name stored in the symbol
3745      table. Now, whenever the type name is looked up, the resulting
3746      type is properly fixed up.  */
3747   TREE_TYPE (decl) = t;
3748 
3749   TYPE_CANONICAL (t) = canonical_type_parameter (t);
3750 
3751   return t;
3752 }
3753 
3754 /* Create and return a new TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX that is almost
3755    identical to I, but that is fixed up as to:
3756 
3757    1/ carry the number of sibling parms (NUM_PARMS) of the template
3758    parm represented by I.
3759 
3760    2/ replace all references to template parm types declared before I
3761    (in the same template parm list as I) by references to template
3762    parm types contained in ARGS. ARGS should contain the list of
3763    template parms that have been fixed up so far, in a form suitable
3764    to be passed to tsubst.
3765 
3766    This is a subroutine of fixup_template_parms.  */
3767 
3768 static tree
3769 fixup_template_parm_index (tree i, tree args, int num_parms)
3770 {
3771   tree index, decl, type;
3772 
3773   if (i == NULL_TREE
3774       || TREE_CODE (i) != TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX
3775       /* Do not fix up the index twice.  */
3776       || (TEMPLATE_PARM_NUM_SIBLINGS (i) != 0))
3777     return i;
3778 
3779   decl = TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (i);
3780   type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
3781 
3782   index = build_template_parm_index (TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (i),
3783 				     TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (i),
3784 				     TEMPLATE_PARM_ORIG_LEVEL (i),
3785 				     num_parms,
3786 				     decl, type);
3787 
3788   TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (index) = TEMPLATE_PARM_DESCENDANTS (i);
3789   TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (index) = TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (i);
3790 
3791   type = tsubst (type, args, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
3792 
3793   TREE_TYPE (decl) = type;
3794   TREE_TYPE (index) = type;
3795 
3796   return index;
3797 }
3798 
3799 /*
3800    This is a subroutine of fixup_template_parms.
3801 
3802    It computes the canonical type of the type of the template
3803    parameter PARM_DESC and update all references to that type so that
3804    they use the newly computed canonical type. No access check is
3805    performed during the fixup. PARM_DESC is a TREE_LIST which
3806    TREE_VALUE is the template parameter and its TREE_PURPOSE is the
3807    default argument of the template parm if any. IDX is the index of
3808    the template parameter, starting at 0. NUM_PARMS is the number of
3809    template parameters in the set PARM_DESC belongs to. ARGLIST is a
3810    TREE_VEC containing the full set of template parameters in a form
3811    suitable to be passed to substs functions as their ARGS
3812    argument. This is what current_template_args returns for a given
3813    template. The innermost vector of args in ARGLIST is the set of
3814    template parms that have been fixed up so far. This function adds
3815    the fixed up parameter into that vector.  */
3816 
3817 static void
3818 fixup_template_parm (tree parm_desc,
3819 		     int idx,
3820 		     int num_parms,
3821 		     tree arglist)
3822 {
3823   tree parm = TREE_VALUE (parm_desc);
3824   tree fixedup_args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (arglist);
3825 
3826   push_deferring_access_checks (dk_no_check);
3827 
3828   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_DECL)
3829     {
3830       /* PARM is a template type parameter. Fix up its type, add
3831 	 the fixed-up template parm to the vector of fixed-up
3832 	 template parms so far, and substitute the fixed-up
3833 	 template parms into the default argument of this
3834 	 parameter.  */
3835       tree t =
3836 	fixup_template_type_parm_type (TREE_TYPE (parm), num_parms);
3837       TREE_TYPE (parm) = t;
3838 
3839       TREE_VEC_ELT (fixedup_args, idx) = template_parm_to_arg (parm_desc);
3840     }
3841   else if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
3842     {
3843       /* PARM is a template template parameter. This is going to
3844 	 be interesting.  */
3845       tree tparms, targs, innermost_args, t;
3846       int j;
3847 
3848       /* First, fix up the parms of the template template parm
3849 	 because the parms are involved in defining the new canonical
3850 	 type of the template template parm.  */
3851 
3852       /* So we need to substitute the template parm types that have
3853 	 been fixed up so far into the template parms of this template
3854 	 template parm. E.g, consider this:
3855 
3856 	 template<class T, template<T u> class TT> class S;
3857 
3858 	 In this case we want to substitute T into the
3859 	 template parameters of TT.
3860 
3861 	 So let's walk the template parms of PARM here, and
3862 	 tsubst ARGLIST into into each of the template
3863 	 parms.   */
3864 
3865       /* For this substitution we need to build the full set of
3866 	 template parameters and use that as arguments for the
3867 	 tsubsting function.  */
3868       tparms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parm));
3869 
3870       /* This will contain the innermost parms of PARM into which
3871 	 we have substituted so far.  */
3872       innermost_args = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms));
3873       targs = add_to_template_args (arglist, innermost_args);
3874       for (j = 0; j < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms); ++j)
3875 	{
3876 	  tree parameter;
3877 
3878 	  parameter = TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, j);
3879 
3880 	  /* INNERMOST_ARGS needs to have at least the same number
3881 	     of elements as the index PARAMETER, ortherwise
3882 	     tsubsting into PARAMETER will result in partially
3883 	     instantiating it, reducing its tempate parm
3884 	     level. Let's tactically fill INNERMOST_ARGS for that
3885 	     purpose.  */
3886 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (innermost_args, j) =
3887 	    template_parm_to_arg (parameter);
3888 
3889 	  fixup_template_parm (parameter, j,
3890 			       TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms),
3891 			       targs);
3892 	}
3893 
3894       /* Now fix up the type of the template template parm.  */
3895 
3896       t = fixup_template_type_parm_type (TREE_TYPE (parm), num_parms);
3897       TREE_TYPE (parm) = t;
3898 
3899       TREE_VEC_ELT (fixedup_args, idx) =
3900 	template_parm_to_arg (parm_desc);
3901     }
3902   else if (TREE_CODE (parm) == PARM_DECL)
3903     {
3904       /* PARM is a non-type template parameter. We need to:
3905 
3906        * Fix up its TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX to make it carry the
3907        proper number of sibling parameters.
3908 
3909        * Make lookups of the template parameter return a reference
3910        to the fixed-up index. No lookup should return references
3911        to the former index anymore.
3912 
3913        * Substitute the template parms that got fixed up so far
3914 
3915        * into the type of PARM.  */
3916 
3917       tree index = DECL_INITIAL (parm);
3918 
3919       /* PUSHED_DECL is the decl added to the symbol table with
3920 	 the name of the parameter. E,g:
3921 
3922 	 template<class T, T u> //#0
3923 	 auto my_function(T t) -> decltype(u); //#1
3924 
3925 	 Here, when looking up u at //#1, we get the decl of u
3926 	 resulting from the declaration in #0. This is what
3927 	 PUSHED_DECL is. We need to replace the reference to the
3928 	 old TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX carried by PUSHED_DECL by the
3929 	 fixed-up TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX.  */
3930       tree pushed_decl = TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (index);
3931 
3932       /* Let's fix up the TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX then. Note that we must
3933 	 fixup the type of PUSHED_DECL as well and luckily
3934 	 fixup_template_parm_index does it for us too.  */
3935       tree fixed_up_index =
3936 	fixup_template_parm_index (index, arglist, num_parms);
3937 
3938       DECL_INITIAL (pushed_decl) = DECL_INITIAL (parm) = fixed_up_index;
3939 
3940       /* Add this fixed up PARM to the template parms we've fixed
3941 	 up so far and use that to substitute the fixed-up
3942 	 template parms into the type of PARM.  */
3943       TREE_VEC_ELT (fixedup_args, idx) =
3944 	template_parm_to_arg (parm_desc);
3945       TREE_TYPE (parm) = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (parm), arglist,
3946 				 tf_none, NULL_TREE);
3947     }
3948 
3949   TREE_PURPOSE (parm_desc) =
3950     tsubst_template_arg (TREE_PURPOSE (parm_desc),
3951 			 arglist, tf_none, parm);
3952 
3953   pop_deferring_access_checks ();
3954 }
3955 
3956 /* Walk the current template parms and properly compute the canonical
3957    types of the dependent types created during
3958    cp_parser_template_parameter_list.  */
3959 
3960 void
3961 fixup_template_parms (void)
3962 {
3963   tree arglist;
3964   tree parameter_vec;
3965   tree fixedup_args;
3966   int i, num_parms;
3967 
3968   parameter_vec = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (current_template_parms);
3969   if (parameter_vec == NULL_TREE)
3970     return;
3971 
3972   num_parms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parameter_vec);
3973 
3974   /* This vector contains the current innermost template parms that
3975      have been fixed up so far.  The form of FIXEDUP_ARGS is suitable
3976      to be passed to tsubst* functions as their ARGS argument.  */
3977   fixedup_args = make_tree_vec (num_parms);
3978 
3979   /* This vector contains the full set of template parms in a form
3980      suitable to be passed to substs functions as their ARGS
3981      argument.  */
3982   arglist = current_template_args ();
3983   arglist = add_outermost_template_args (arglist, fixedup_args);
3984 
3985   /* Let's do the proper fixup now.  */
3986   for (i = 0; i < num_parms; ++i)
3987     fixup_template_parm (TREE_VEC_ELT (parameter_vec, i),
3988 			 i, num_parms, arglist);
3989 }
3990 
3991 /* end_template_decl is called after a template declaration is seen.  */
3992 
3993 void
3994 end_template_decl (void)
3995 {
3996   reset_specialization ();
3997 
3998   if (! processing_template_decl)
3999     return;
4000 
4001   /* This matches the pushlevel in begin_template_parm_list.  */
4002   finish_scope ();
4003 
4004   --processing_template_decl;
4005   current_template_parms = TREE_CHAIN (current_template_parms);
4006 }
4007 
4008 /* Takes a TREE_LIST representing a template parameter and convert it
4009    into an argument suitable to be passed to the type substitution
4010    functions.  Note that If the TREE_LIST contains an error_mark
4011    node, the returned argument is error_mark_node.  */
4012 
4013 static tree
4014 template_parm_to_arg (tree t)
4015 {
4016 
4017   if (t == NULL_TREE
4018       || TREE_CODE (t) != TREE_LIST)
4019     return t;
4020 
4021   if (error_operand_p (TREE_VALUE (t)))
4022     return error_mark_node;
4023 
4024   t = TREE_VALUE (t);
4025 
4026   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL
4027       || TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
4028     {
4029       t = TREE_TYPE (t);
4030 
4031       if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (t))
4032 	{
4033 	  /* Turn this argument into a TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK
4034 	     with a single element, which expands T.  */
4035 	  tree vec = make_tree_vec (1);
4036 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
4037 	  SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT
4038 	    (vec, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec));
4039 #endif
4040 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (vec, 0) = make_pack_expansion (t);
4041 
4042 	  t = cxx_make_type (TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
4043 	  SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (t, vec);
4044 	}
4045     }
4046   else
4047     {
4048       t = DECL_INITIAL (t);
4049 
4050       if (TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (t))
4051 	{
4052 	  /* Turn this argument into a NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK
4053 	     with a single element, which expands T.  */
4054 	  tree vec = make_tree_vec (1);
4055 	  tree type = TREE_TYPE (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (t));
4056 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
4057 	  SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT
4058 	    (vec, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec));
4059 #endif
4060 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (vec, 0) = make_pack_expansion (t);
4061 
4062 	  t  = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
4063 	  SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (t, vec);
4064 	  TREE_TYPE (t) = type;
4065 	}
4066     }
4067   return t;
4068 }
4069 
4070 /* This function returns TRUE if PARM_PACK is a template parameter
4071    pack and if ARG_PACK is what template_parm_to_arg returned when
4072    passed PARM_PACK.  */
4073 
4074 static bool
4075 arg_from_parm_pack_p (tree arg_pack, tree parm_pack)
4076 {
4077   /* For clarity in the comments below let's use the representation
4078      argument_pack<elements>' to denote an argument pack and its
4079      elements.
4080 
4081      In the 'if' block below, we want to detect cases where
4082      ARG_PACK is argument_pack<PARM_PACK...>.  I.e, we want to
4083      check if ARG_PACK is an argument pack which sole element is
4084      the expansion of PARM_PACK.  That argument pack is typically
4085      created by template_parm_to_arg when passed a parameter
4086      pack.  */
4087 
4088   if (arg_pack
4089       && TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack)) == 1
4090       && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack), 0)))
4091     {
4092       tree expansion = TREE_VEC_ELT (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack), 0);
4093       tree pattern = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (expansion);
4094       /* So we have an argument_pack<P...>.  We want to test if P
4095 	 is actually PARM_PACK.  We will not use cp_tree_equal to
4096 	 test P and PARM_PACK because during type fixup (by
4097 	 fixup_template_parm) P can be a pre-fixup version of a
4098 	 type and PARM_PACK be its post-fixup version.
4099 	 cp_tree_equal would consider them as different even
4100 	 though we would want to consider them compatible for our
4101 	 precise purpose here.
4102 
4103 	 Thus we are going to consider that P and PARM_PACK are
4104 	 compatible if they have the same DECL.  */
4105       if ((/* If ARG_PACK is a type parameter pack named by the
4106 	      same DECL as parm_pack ...  */
4107 	   (TYPE_P (pattern)
4108 	    && TYPE_P (parm_pack)
4109 	    && TYPE_NAME (pattern) == TYPE_NAME (parm_pack))
4110 	   /* ... or if PARM_PACK is a non-type parameter named by the
4111 	      same DECL as ARG_PACK.  Note that PARM_PACK being a
4112 	      non-type parameter means it's either a PARM_DECL or a
4113 	      TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX.  */
4114 	   || (TREE_CODE (pattern) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX
4115 	       && ((TREE_CODE (parm_pack) == PARM_DECL
4116 		    && (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (pattern)
4117 			== TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (DECL_INITIAL (parm_pack))))
4118 		   || (TREE_CODE (parm_pack) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX
4119 		       && (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (pattern)
4120 			   == TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (parm_pack))))))
4121 	  && template_parameter_pack_p (pattern))
4122 	return true;
4123     }
4124   return false;
4125 }
4126 
4127 /* Within the declaration of a template, return all levels of template
4128    parameters that apply.  The template parameters are represented as
4129    a TREE_VEC, in the form documented in cp-tree.h for template
4130    arguments.  */
4131 
4132 static tree
4133 current_template_args (void)
4134 {
4135   tree header;
4136   tree args = NULL_TREE;
4137   int length = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (current_template_parms);
4138   int l = length;
4139 
4140   /* If there is only one level of template parameters, we do not
4141      create a TREE_VEC of TREE_VECs.  Instead, we return a single
4142      TREE_VEC containing the arguments.  */
4143   if (length > 1)
4144     args = make_tree_vec (length);
4145 
4146   for (header = current_template_parms; header; header = TREE_CHAIN (header))
4147     {
4148       tree a = copy_node (TREE_VALUE (header));
4149       int i;
4150 
4151       TREE_TYPE (a) = NULL_TREE;
4152       for (i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (a) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
4153 	TREE_VEC_ELT (a, i) = template_parm_to_arg (TREE_VEC_ELT (a, i));
4154 
4155 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
4156       SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (a, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (a));
4157 #endif
4158 
4159       if (length > 1)
4160 	TREE_VEC_ELT (args, --l) = a;
4161       else
4162 	args = a;
4163     }
4164 
4165     if (length > 1 && TREE_VEC_ELT (args, 0) == NULL_TREE)
4166       /* This can happen for template parms of a template template
4167 	 parameter, e.g:
4168 
4169 	 template<template<class T, class U> class TT> struct S;
4170 
4171 	 Consider the level of the parms of TT; T and U both have
4172 	 level 2; TT has no template parm of level 1. So in this case
4173 	 the first element of full_template_args is NULL_TREE. If we
4174 	 leave it like this TMPL_ARG_DEPTH on args returns 1 instead
4175 	 of 2. This will make tsubst wrongly consider that T and U
4176 	 have level 1. Instead, let's create a dummy vector as the
4177 	 first element of full_template_args so that TMPL_ARG_DEPTH
4178 	 returns the correct depth for args.  */
4179       TREE_VEC_ELT (args, 0) = make_tree_vec (1);
4180   return args;
4181 }
4182 
4183 /* Update the declared TYPE by doing any lookups which were thought to be
4184    dependent, but are not now that we know the SCOPE of the declarator.  */
4185 
4186 tree
4187 maybe_update_decl_type (tree orig_type, tree scope)
4188 {
4189   tree type = orig_type;
4190 
4191   if (type == NULL_TREE)
4192     return type;
4193 
4194   if (TREE_CODE (orig_type) == TYPE_DECL)
4195     type = TREE_TYPE (type);
4196 
4197   if (scope && TYPE_P (scope) && dependent_type_p (scope)
4198       && dependent_type_p (type)
4199       /* Don't bother building up the args in this case.  */
4200       && TREE_CODE (type) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
4201     {
4202       /* tsubst in the args corresponding to the template parameters,
4203 	 including auto if present.  Most things will be unchanged, but
4204 	 make_typename_type and tsubst_qualified_id will resolve
4205 	 TYPENAME_TYPEs and SCOPE_REFs that were previously dependent.  */
4206       tree args = current_template_args ();
4207       tree auto_node = type_uses_auto (type);
4208       tree pushed;
4209       if (auto_node)
4210 	{
4211 	  tree auto_vec = make_tree_vec (1);
4212 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (auto_vec, 0) = auto_node;
4213 	  args = add_to_template_args (args, auto_vec);
4214 	}
4215       pushed = push_scope (scope);
4216       type = tsubst (type, args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
4217       if (pushed)
4218 	pop_scope (scope);
4219     }
4220 
4221   if (type == error_mark_node)
4222     return orig_type;
4223 
4224   if (TREE_CODE (orig_type) == TYPE_DECL)
4225     {
4226       if (same_type_p (type, TREE_TYPE (orig_type)))
4227 	type = orig_type;
4228       else
4229 	type = TYPE_NAME (type);
4230     }
4231   return type;
4232 }
4233 
4234 /* Return a TEMPLATE_DECL corresponding to DECL, using the indicated
4235    template PARMS.  If MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P is true, the new template is
4236    a member template.  Used by push_template_decl below.  */
4237 
4238 static tree
4239 build_template_decl (tree decl, tree parms, bool member_template_p)
4240 {
4241   tree tmpl = build_lang_decl (TEMPLATE_DECL, DECL_NAME (decl), NULL_TREE);
4242   DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl) = parms;
4243   DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl) = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
4244   DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmpl) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl);
4245   DECL_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl) = member_template_p;
4246 
4247   return tmpl;
4248 }
4249 
4250 struct template_parm_data
4251 {
4252   /* The level of the template parameters we are currently
4253      processing.  */
4254   int level;
4255 
4256   /* The index of the specialization argument we are currently
4257      processing.  */
4258   int current_arg;
4259 
4260   /* An array whose size is the number of template parameters.  The
4261      elements are nonzero if the parameter has been used in any one
4262      of the arguments processed so far.  */
4263   int* parms;
4264 
4265   /* An array whose size is the number of template arguments.  The
4266      elements are nonzero if the argument makes use of template
4267      parameters of this level.  */
4268   int* arg_uses_template_parms;
4269 };
4270 
4271 /* Subroutine of push_template_decl used to see if each template
4272    parameter in a partial specialization is used in the explicit
4273    argument list.  If T is of the LEVEL given in DATA (which is
4274    treated as a template_parm_data*), then DATA->PARMS is marked
4275    appropriately.  */
4276 
4277 static int
4278 mark_template_parm (tree t, void* data)
4279 {
4280   int level;
4281   int idx;
4282   struct template_parm_data* tpd = (struct template_parm_data*) data;
4283 
4284   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
4285     {
4286       level = TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (t);
4287       idx = TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (t);
4288     }
4289   else
4290     {
4291       level = TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t);
4292       idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (t);
4293     }
4294 
4295   if (level == tpd->level)
4296     {
4297       tpd->parms[idx] = 1;
4298       tpd->arg_uses_template_parms[tpd->current_arg] = 1;
4299     }
4300 
4301   /* Return zero so that for_each_template_parm will continue the
4302      traversal of the tree; we want to mark *every* template parm.  */
4303   return 0;
4304 }
4305 
4306 /* Process the partial specialization DECL.  */
4307 
4308 static tree
4309 process_partial_specialization (tree decl)
4310 {
4311   tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
4312   tree maintmpl = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type);
4313   tree specargs = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type);
4314   tree inner_args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (specargs);
4315   tree main_inner_parms = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (maintmpl);
4316   tree inner_parms;
4317   tree inst;
4318   int nargs = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (inner_args);
4319   int ntparms;
4320   int  i;
4321   bool did_error_intro = false;
4322   struct template_parm_data tpd;
4323   struct template_parm_data tpd2;
4324 
4325   gcc_assert (current_template_parms);
4326 
4327   inner_parms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (current_template_parms);
4328   ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (inner_parms);
4329 
4330   /* We check that each of the template parameters given in the
4331      partial specialization is used in the argument list to the
4332      specialization.  For example:
4333 
4334        template <class T> struct S;
4335        template <class T> struct S<T*>;
4336 
4337      The second declaration is OK because `T*' uses the template
4338      parameter T, whereas
4339 
4340        template <class T> struct S<int>;
4341 
4342      is no good.  Even trickier is:
4343 
4344        template <class T>
4345        struct S1
4346        {
4347 	  template <class U>
4348 	  struct S2;
4349 	  template <class U>
4350 	  struct S2<T>;
4351        };
4352 
4353      The S2<T> declaration is actually invalid; it is a
4354      full-specialization.  Of course,
4355 
4356 	  template <class U>
4357 	  struct S2<T (*)(U)>;
4358 
4359      or some such would have been OK.  */
4360   tpd.level = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (current_template_parms);
4361   tpd.parms = XALLOCAVEC (int, ntparms);
4362   memset (tpd.parms, 0, sizeof (int) * ntparms);
4363 
4364   tpd.arg_uses_template_parms = XALLOCAVEC (int, nargs);
4365   memset (tpd.arg_uses_template_parms, 0, sizeof (int) * nargs);
4366   for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
4367     {
4368       tpd.current_arg = i;
4369       for_each_template_parm (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, i),
4370 			      &mark_template_parm,
4371 			      &tpd,
4372 			      NULL,
4373 			      /*include_nondeduced_p=*/false);
4374     }
4375   for (i = 0; i < ntparms; ++i)
4376     if (tpd.parms[i] == 0)
4377       {
4378 	/* One of the template parms was not used in the
4379 	   specialization.  */
4380 	if (!did_error_intro)
4381 	  {
4382 	    error ("template parameters not used in partial specialization:");
4383 	    did_error_intro = true;
4384 	  }
4385 
4386 	error ("        %qD", TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i)));
4387       }
4388 
4389   if (did_error_intro)
4390     return error_mark_node;
4391 
4392   /* [temp.class.spec]
4393 
4394      The argument list of the specialization shall not be identical to
4395      the implicit argument list of the primary template.  */
4396   if (comp_template_args
4397       (inner_args,
4398        INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE
4399 						   (maintmpl)))))
4400     error ("partial specialization %qT does not specialize any template arguments", type);
4401 
4402   /* [temp.class.spec]
4403 
4404      A partially specialized non-type argument expression shall not
4405      involve template parameters of the partial specialization except
4406      when the argument expression is a simple identifier.
4407 
4408      The type of a template parameter corresponding to a specialized
4409      non-type argument shall not be dependent on a parameter of the
4410      specialization.
4411 
4412      Also, we verify that pack expansions only occur at the
4413      end of the argument list.  */
4414   gcc_assert (nargs == DECL_NTPARMS (maintmpl));
4415   tpd2.parms = 0;
4416   for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
4417     {
4418       tree parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (main_inner_parms, i));
4419       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, i);
4420       tree packed_args = NULL_TREE;
4421       int j, len = 1;
4422 
4423       if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
4424         {
4425           /* Extract the arguments from the argument pack. We'll be
4426              iterating over these in the following loop.  */
4427           packed_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg);
4428           len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_args);
4429         }
4430 
4431       for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
4432         {
4433           if (packed_args)
4434             /* Get the Jth argument in the parameter pack.  */
4435             arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_args, j);
4436 
4437           if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
4438             {
4439               /* Pack expansions must come at the end of the
4440                  argument list.  */
4441               if ((packed_args && j < len - 1)
4442                   || (!packed_args && i < nargs - 1))
4443                 {
4444                   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION)
4445                     error ("parameter pack argument %qE must be at the "
4446 			   "end of the template argument list", arg);
4447                   else
4448                     error ("parameter pack argument %qT must be at the "
4449 			   "end of the template argument list", arg);
4450                 }
4451             }
4452 
4453           if (TREE_CODE (arg) == EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION)
4454             /* We only care about the pattern.  */
4455             arg = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (arg);
4456 
4457           if (/* These first two lines are the `non-type' bit.  */
4458               !TYPE_P (arg)
4459               && TREE_CODE (arg) != TEMPLATE_DECL
4460               /* This next line is the `argument expression is not just a
4461                  simple identifier' condition and also the `specialized
4462                  non-type argument' bit.  */
4463               && TREE_CODE (arg) != TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
4464             {
4465               if ((!packed_args && tpd.arg_uses_template_parms[i])
4466                   || (packed_args && uses_template_parms (arg)))
4467                 error ("template argument %qE involves template parameter(s)",
4468                        arg);
4469               else
4470                 {
4471                   /* Look at the corresponding template parameter,
4472                      marking which template parameters its type depends
4473                      upon.  */
4474                   tree type = TREE_TYPE (parm);
4475 
4476                   if (!tpd2.parms)
4477                     {
4478                       /* We haven't yet initialized TPD2.  Do so now.  */
4479                       tpd2.arg_uses_template_parms = XALLOCAVEC (int, nargs);
4480                       /* The number of parameters here is the number in the
4481                          main template, which, as checked in the assertion
4482                          above, is NARGS.  */
4483                       tpd2.parms = XALLOCAVEC (int, nargs);
4484                       tpd2.level =
4485                         TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (maintmpl));
4486                     }
4487 
4488                   /* Mark the template parameters.  But this time, we're
4489                      looking for the template parameters of the main
4490                      template, not in the specialization.  */
4491                   tpd2.current_arg = i;
4492                   tpd2.arg_uses_template_parms[i] = 0;
4493                   memset (tpd2.parms, 0, sizeof (int) * nargs);
4494                   for_each_template_parm (type,
4495                                           &mark_template_parm,
4496                                           &tpd2,
4497                                           NULL,
4498 					  /*include_nondeduced_p=*/false);
4499 
4500                   if (tpd2.arg_uses_template_parms [i])
4501                     {
4502                       /* The type depended on some template parameters.
4503                          If they are fully specialized in the
4504                          specialization, that's OK.  */
4505                       int j;
4506                       int count = 0;
4507                       for (j = 0; j < nargs; ++j)
4508                         if (tpd2.parms[j] != 0
4509                             && tpd.arg_uses_template_parms [j])
4510                           ++count;
4511                       if (count != 0)
4512                         error_n (input_location, count,
4513                                  "type %qT of template argument %qE depends "
4514                                  "on a template parameter",
4515                                  "type %qT of template argument %qE depends "
4516                                  "on template parameters",
4517                                  type,
4518                                  arg);
4519                     }
4520                 }
4521             }
4522         }
4523     }
4524 
4525   /* We should only get here once.  */
4526   gcc_assert (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type));
4527 
4528   DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (maintmpl)
4529     = tree_cons (specargs, inner_parms,
4530                  DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (maintmpl));
4531   TREE_TYPE (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (maintmpl)) = type;
4532 
4533   for (inst = DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (maintmpl); inst;
4534        inst = TREE_CHAIN (inst))
4535     {
4536       tree inst_type = TREE_VALUE (inst);
4537       if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (inst_type)
4538 	  && CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (inst_type))
4539 	{
4540 	  tree spec = most_specialized_class (inst_type, maintmpl, tf_none);
4541 	  if (spec && TREE_TYPE (spec) == type)
4542 	    permerror (input_location,
4543 		       "partial specialization of %qT after instantiation "
4544 		       "of %qT", type, inst_type);
4545 	}
4546     }
4547 
4548   return decl;
4549 }
4550 
4551 /* Check that a template declaration's use of default arguments and
4552    parameter packs is not invalid.  Here, PARMS are the template
4553    parameters.  IS_PRIMARY is nonzero if DECL is the thing declared by
4554    a primary template.  IS_PARTIAL is nonzero if DECL is a partial
4555    specialization.
4556 
4557 
4558    IS_FRIEND_DECL is nonzero if DECL is a friend function template
4559    declaration (but not a definition); 1 indicates a declaration, 2
4560    indicates a redeclaration. When IS_FRIEND_DECL=2, no errors are
4561    emitted for extraneous default arguments.
4562 
4563    Returns TRUE if there were no errors found, FALSE otherwise. */
4564 
4565 bool
4566 check_default_tmpl_args (tree decl, tree parms, int is_primary,
4567                          int is_partial, int is_friend_decl)
4568 {
4569   const char *msg;
4570   int last_level_to_check;
4571   tree parm_level;
4572   bool no_errors = true;
4573 
4574   /* [temp.param]
4575 
4576      A default template-argument shall not be specified in a
4577      function template declaration or a function template definition, nor
4578      in the template-parameter-list of the definition of a member of a
4579      class template.  */
4580 
4581   if (TREE_CODE (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl)) == FUNCTION_DECL)
4582     /* You can't have a function template declaration in a local
4583        scope, nor you can you define a member of a class template in a
4584        local scope.  */
4585     return true;
4586 
4587   if (current_class_type
4588       && !TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (current_class_type)
4589       && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
4590       && DECL_DECLARES_FUNCTION_P (decl)
4591       /* If this is either a friend defined in the scope of the class
4592 	 or a member function.  */
4593       && (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (decl)
4594 	  ? same_type_p (DECL_CONTEXT (decl), current_class_type)
4595 	  : DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (decl)
4596 	  ? same_type_p (DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (decl), current_class_type)
4597 	  : false)
4598       /* And, if it was a member function, it really was defined in
4599 	 the scope of the class.  */
4600       && (!DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (decl)
4601 	  || DECL_INITIALIZED_IN_CLASS_P (decl)))
4602     /* We already checked these parameters when the template was
4603        declared, so there's no need to do it again now.  This function
4604        was defined in class scope, but we're processing it's body now
4605        that the class is complete.  */
4606     return true;
4607 
4608   /* Core issue 226 (C++0x only): the following only applies to class
4609      templates.  */
4610   if ((cxx_dialect == cxx98) || TREE_CODE (decl) != FUNCTION_DECL)
4611     {
4612       /* [temp.param]
4613 
4614          If a template-parameter has a default template-argument, all
4615          subsequent template-parameters shall have a default
4616          template-argument supplied.  */
4617       for (parm_level = parms; parm_level; parm_level = TREE_CHAIN (parm_level))
4618         {
4619           tree inner_parms = TREE_VALUE (parm_level);
4620           int ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (inner_parms);
4621           int seen_def_arg_p = 0;
4622           int i;
4623 
4624           for (i = 0; i < ntparms; ++i)
4625             {
4626               tree parm = TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i);
4627 
4628               if (parm == error_mark_node)
4629                 continue;
4630 
4631               if (TREE_PURPOSE (parm))
4632                 seen_def_arg_p = 1;
4633               else if (seen_def_arg_p
4634 		       && !template_parameter_pack_p (TREE_VALUE (parm)))
4635                 {
4636                   error ("no default argument for %qD", TREE_VALUE (parm));
4637                   /* For better subsequent error-recovery, we indicate that
4638                      there should have been a default argument.  */
4639                   TREE_PURPOSE (parm) = error_mark_node;
4640                   no_errors = false;
4641                 }
4642 	      else if (is_primary
4643 		       && !is_partial
4644 		       && !is_friend_decl
4645 		       /* Don't complain about an enclosing partial
4646 			  specialization.  */
4647 		       && parm_level == parms
4648 		       && TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
4649 		       && i < ntparms - 1
4650 		       && template_parameter_pack_p (TREE_VALUE (parm)))
4651 		{
4652 		  /* A primary class template can only have one
4653 		     parameter pack, at the end of the template
4654 		     parameter list.  */
4655 
4656 		  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (parm)) == PARM_DECL)
4657 		    error ("parameter pack %qE must be at the end of the"
4658 			   " template parameter list", TREE_VALUE (parm));
4659 		  else
4660 		    error ("parameter pack %qT must be at the end of the"
4661 			   " template parameter list",
4662 			   TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (parm)));
4663 
4664 		  TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i))
4665 		    = error_mark_node;
4666 		  no_errors = false;
4667 		}
4668             }
4669         }
4670     }
4671 
4672   if (((cxx_dialect == cxx98) && TREE_CODE (decl) != TYPE_DECL)
4673       || is_partial
4674       || !is_primary
4675       || is_friend_decl)
4676     /* For an ordinary class template, default template arguments are
4677        allowed at the innermost level, e.g.:
4678 	 template <class T = int>
4679 	 struct S {};
4680        but, in a partial specialization, they're not allowed even
4681        there, as we have in [temp.class.spec]:
4682 
4683 	 The template parameter list of a specialization shall not
4684 	 contain default template argument values.
4685 
4686        So, for a partial specialization, or for a function template
4687        (in C++98/C++03), we look at all of them.  */
4688     ;
4689   else
4690     /* But, for a primary class template that is not a partial
4691        specialization we look at all template parameters except the
4692        innermost ones.  */
4693     parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
4694 
4695   /* Figure out what error message to issue.  */
4696   if (is_friend_decl == 2)
4697     msg = G_("default template arguments may not be used in function template "
4698 	     "friend re-declaration");
4699   else if (is_friend_decl)
4700     msg = G_("default template arguments may not be used in function template "
4701 	     "friend declarations");
4702   else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && (cxx_dialect == cxx98))
4703     msg = G_("default template arguments may not be used in function templates "
4704 	     "without -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11");
4705   else if (is_partial)
4706     msg = G_("default template arguments may not be used in "
4707 	     "partial specializations");
4708   else
4709     msg = G_("default argument for template parameter for class enclosing %qD");
4710 
4711   if (current_class_type && TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (current_class_type))
4712     /* If we're inside a class definition, there's no need to
4713        examine the parameters to the class itself.  On the one
4714        hand, they will be checked when the class is defined, and,
4715        on the other, default arguments are valid in things like:
4716 	 template <class T = double>
4717 	 struct S { template <class U> void f(U); };
4718        Here the default argument for `S' has no bearing on the
4719        declaration of `f'.  */
4720     last_level_to_check = template_class_depth (current_class_type) + 1;
4721   else
4722     /* Check everything.  */
4723     last_level_to_check = 0;
4724 
4725   for (parm_level = parms;
4726        parm_level && TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parm_level) >= last_level_to_check;
4727        parm_level = TREE_CHAIN (parm_level))
4728     {
4729       tree inner_parms = TREE_VALUE (parm_level);
4730       int i;
4731       int ntparms;
4732 
4733       ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (inner_parms);
4734       for (i = 0; i < ntparms; ++i)
4735         {
4736           if (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i) == error_mark_node)
4737             continue;
4738 
4739 	  if (TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i)))
4740 	    {
4741 	      if (msg)
4742 	        {
4743                   no_errors = false;
4744                   if (is_friend_decl == 2)
4745                     return no_errors;
4746 
4747 		  error (msg, decl);
4748 		  msg = 0;
4749 	        }
4750 
4751 	      /* Clear out the default argument so that we are not
4752 	         confused later.  */
4753 	      TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_parms, i)) = NULL_TREE;
4754 	    }
4755         }
4756 
4757       /* At this point, if we're still interested in issuing messages,
4758 	 they must apply to classes surrounding the object declared.  */
4759       if (msg)
4760 	msg = G_("default argument for template parameter for class "
4761 		 "enclosing %qD");
4762     }
4763 
4764   return no_errors;
4765 }
4766 
4767 /* Worker for push_template_decl_real, called via
4768    for_each_template_parm.  DATA is really an int, indicating the
4769    level of the parameters we are interested in.  If T is a template
4770    parameter of that level, return nonzero.  */
4771 
4772 static int
4773 template_parm_this_level_p (tree t, void* data)
4774 {
4775   int this_level = *(int *)data;
4776   int level;
4777 
4778   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
4779     level = TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (t);
4780   else
4781     level = TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t);
4782   return level == this_level;
4783 }
4784 
4785 /* Creates a TEMPLATE_DECL for the indicated DECL using the template
4786    parameters given by current_template_args, or reuses a
4787    previously existing one, if appropriate.  Returns the DECL, or an
4788    equivalent one, if it is replaced via a call to duplicate_decls.
4789 
4790    If IS_FRIEND is true, DECL is a friend declaration.  */
4791 
4792 tree
4793 push_template_decl_real (tree decl, bool is_friend)
4794 {
4795   tree tmpl;
4796   tree args;
4797   tree info;
4798   tree ctx;
4799   int primary;
4800   int is_partial;
4801   int new_template_p = 0;
4802   /* True if the template is a member template, in the sense of
4803      [temp.mem].  */
4804   bool member_template_p = false;
4805 
4806   if (decl == error_mark_node || !current_template_parms)
4807     return error_mark_node;
4808 
4809   /* See if this is a partial specialization.  */
4810   is_partial = (DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl)
4811 		&& TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != ENUMERAL_TYPE
4812 		&& CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (TREE_TYPE (decl)));
4813 
4814   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_FRIEND_P (decl))
4815     is_friend = true;
4816 
4817   if (is_friend)
4818     /* For a friend, we want the context of the friend function, not
4819        the type of which it is a friend.  */
4820     ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
4821   else if (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl)
4822 	   && TREE_CODE (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl)) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
4823     /* In the case of a virtual function, we want the class in which
4824        it is defined.  */
4825     ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
4826   else
4827     /* Otherwise, if we're currently defining some class, the DECL
4828        is assumed to be a member of the class.  */
4829     ctx = current_scope ();
4830 
4831   if (ctx && TREE_CODE (ctx) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
4832     ctx = NULL_TREE;
4833 
4834   if (!DECL_CONTEXT (decl))
4835     DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = FROB_CONTEXT (current_namespace);
4836 
4837   /* See if this is a primary template.  */
4838   if (is_friend && ctx)
4839     /* A friend template that specifies a class context, i.e.
4840          template <typename T> friend void A<T>::f();
4841        is not primary.  */
4842     primary = 0;
4843   else
4844     primary = template_parm_scope_p ();
4845 
4846   if (primary)
4847     {
4848       if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl))
4849 	member_template_p = true;
4850       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
4851 	  && ANON_AGGRNAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl)))
4852 	{
4853 	  error ("template class without a name");
4854 	  return error_mark_node;
4855 	}
4856       else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
4857 	{
4858 	  if (DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (decl))
4859 	    {
4860 	      /* [temp.mem]
4861 
4862 		 A destructor shall not be a member template.  */
4863 	      error ("destructor %qD declared as member template", decl);
4864 	      return error_mark_node;
4865 	    }
4866 	  if (NEW_DELETE_OPNAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl))
4867 	      && (!prototype_p (TREE_TYPE (decl))
4868 		  || TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == void_list_node
4869 		  || !TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
4870 		  || (TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES ((TREE_TYPE (decl))))
4871 		      == void_list_node)))
4872 	    {
4873 	      /* [basic.stc.dynamic.allocation]
4874 
4875 		 An allocation function can be a function
4876 		 template. ... Template allocation functions shall
4877 		 have two or more parameters.  */
4878 	      error ("invalid template declaration of %qD", decl);
4879 	      return error_mark_node;
4880 	    }
4881 	}
4882       else if (DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl)
4883 	       && CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
4884 	/* OK */;
4885       else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
4886 	       && TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (decl))
4887 	/* alias-declaration */
4888 	gcc_assert (!DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl));
4889       else
4890 	{
4891 	  error ("template declaration of %q#D", decl);
4892 	  return error_mark_node;
4893 	}
4894     }
4895 
4896   /* Check to see that the rules regarding the use of default
4897      arguments are not being violated.  */
4898   check_default_tmpl_args (decl, current_template_parms,
4899 			   primary, is_partial, /*is_friend_decl=*/0);
4900 
4901   /* Ensure that there are no parameter packs in the type of this
4902      declaration that have not been expanded.  */
4903   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
4904     {
4905       /* Check each of the arguments individually to see if there are
4906          any bare parameter packs.  */
4907       tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
4908       tree arg = DECL_ARGUMENTS (decl);
4909       tree argtype = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type);
4910 
4911       while (arg && argtype)
4912         {
4913           if (!FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (arg)
4914               && check_for_bare_parameter_packs (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
4915             {
4916             /* This is a PARM_DECL that contains unexpanded parameter
4917                packs. We have already complained about this in the
4918                check_for_bare_parameter_packs call, so just replace
4919                these types with ERROR_MARK_NODE.  */
4920               TREE_TYPE (arg) = error_mark_node;
4921               TREE_VALUE (argtype) = error_mark_node;
4922             }
4923 
4924           arg = DECL_CHAIN (arg);
4925           argtype = TREE_CHAIN (argtype);
4926         }
4927 
4928       /* Check for bare parameter packs in the return type and the
4929          exception specifiers.  */
4930       if (check_for_bare_parameter_packs (TREE_TYPE (type)))
4931 	/* Errors were already issued, set return type to int
4932 	   as the frontend doesn't expect error_mark_node as
4933 	   the return type.  */
4934 	TREE_TYPE (type) = integer_type_node;
4935       if (check_for_bare_parameter_packs (TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (type)))
4936 	TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (type) = NULL_TREE;
4937     }
4938   else if (check_for_bare_parameter_packs ((TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
4939 					    && TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (decl))
4940 					   ? DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (decl)
4941 					   : TREE_TYPE (decl)))
4942     {
4943       TREE_TYPE (decl) = error_mark_node;
4944       return error_mark_node;
4945     }
4946 
4947   if (is_partial)
4948     return process_partial_specialization (decl);
4949 
4950   args = current_template_args ();
4951 
4952   if (!ctx
4953       || TREE_CODE (ctx) == FUNCTION_DECL
4954       || (CLASS_TYPE_P (ctx) && TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ctx))
4955       || (is_friend && !DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)))
4956     {
4957       if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
4958 	  && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
4959 	  && DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl))
4960 	tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
4961       /* If DECL is a TYPE_DECL for a class-template, then there won't
4962 	 be DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC.  The information equivalent to
4963 	 DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO is found in TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO instead.  */
4964       else if (DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl)
4965 	       && TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (TREE_TYPE (decl))
4966 	       && TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
4967 	{
4968 	  /* Since a template declaration already existed for this
4969 	     class-type, we must be redeclaring it here.  Make sure
4970 	     that the redeclaration is valid.  */
4971 	  redeclare_class_template (TREE_TYPE (decl),
4972 				    current_template_parms);
4973 	  /* We don't need to create a new TEMPLATE_DECL; just use the
4974 	     one we already had.  */
4975 	  tmpl = TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl));
4976 	}
4977       else
4978 	{
4979 	  tmpl = build_template_decl (decl, current_template_parms,
4980 				      member_template_p);
4981 	  new_template_p = 1;
4982 
4983 	  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
4984 	      && DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl))
4985 	    {
4986 	      /* A specialization of a member template of a template
4987 		 class.  */
4988 	      SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl);
4989 	      DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (tmpl) = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl);
4990 	      DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl) = NULL_TREE;
4991 	    }
4992 	}
4993     }
4994   else
4995     {
4996       tree a, t, current, parms;
4997       int i;
4998       tree tinfo = get_template_info (decl);
4999 
5000       if (!tinfo)
5001 	{
5002 	  error ("template definition of non-template %q#D", decl);
5003 	  return error_mark_node;
5004 	}
5005 
5006       tmpl = TI_TEMPLATE (tinfo);
5007 
5008       if (DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl)
5009 	  && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl) && DECL_TI_ARGS (decl)
5010 	  && DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (decl)
5011 	  && DECL_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
5012 	{
5013 	  tree new_tmpl;
5014 
5015 	  /* The declaration is a specialization of a member
5016 	     template, declared outside the class.  Therefore, the
5017 	     innermost template arguments will be NULL, so we
5018 	     replace them with the arguments determined by the
5019 	     earlier call to check_explicit_specialization.  */
5020 	  args = DECL_TI_ARGS (decl);
5021 
5022 	  new_tmpl
5023 	    = build_template_decl (decl, current_template_parms,
5024 				   member_template_p);
5025 	  DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (new_tmpl) = decl;
5026 	  TREE_TYPE (new_tmpl) = TREE_TYPE (decl);
5027 	  DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl) = new_tmpl;
5028 	  SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (new_tmpl);
5029 	  DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (new_tmpl)
5030 	    = build_template_info (tmpl, args);
5031 
5032 	  register_specialization (new_tmpl,
5033 				   most_general_template (tmpl),
5034 				   args,
5035 				   is_friend, 0);
5036 	  return decl;
5037 	}
5038 
5039       /* Make sure the template headers we got make sense.  */
5040 
5041       parms = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl);
5042       i = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms);
5043       if (TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args) != i)
5044 	{
5045 	  error ("expected %d levels of template parms for %q#D, got %d",
5046 		 i, decl, TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args));
5047 	}
5048       else
5049 	for (current = decl; i > 0; --i, parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms))
5050 	  {
5051 	    a = TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i);
5052 	    t = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parms);
5053 
5054 	    if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t) != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (a))
5055 	      {
5056 		if (current == decl)
5057 		  error ("got %d template parameters for %q#D",
5058 			 TREE_VEC_LENGTH (a), decl);
5059 		else
5060 		  error ("got %d template parameters for %q#T",
5061 			 TREE_VEC_LENGTH (a), current);
5062 		error ("  but %d required", TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t));
5063 		return error_mark_node;
5064 	      }
5065 
5066 	    if (current == decl)
5067 	      current = ctx;
5068 	    else if (current == NULL_TREE)
5069 	      /* Can happen in erroneous input.  */
5070 	      break;
5071 	    else
5072 	      current = (TYPE_P (current)
5073 			 ? TYPE_CONTEXT (current)
5074 			 : DECL_CONTEXT (current));
5075 	  }
5076 
5077       /* Check that the parms are used in the appropriate qualifying scopes
5078 	 in the declarator.  */
5079       if (!comp_template_args
5080 	  (TI_ARGS (tinfo),
5081 	   TI_ARGS (get_template_info (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl)))))
5082 	{
5083 	  error ("\
5084 template arguments to %qD do not match original template %qD",
5085 		 decl, DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl));
5086 	  if (!uses_template_parms (TI_ARGS (tinfo)))
5087 	    inform (input_location, "use template<> for an explicit specialization");
5088 	  /* Avoid crash in import_export_decl.  */
5089 	  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
5090 	  return error_mark_node;
5091 	}
5092     }
5093 
5094   DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl) = decl;
5095   TREE_TYPE (tmpl) = TREE_TYPE (decl);
5096 
5097   /* Push template declarations for global functions and types.  Note
5098      that we do not try to push a global template friend declared in a
5099      template class; such a thing may well depend on the template
5100      parameters of the class.  */
5101   if (new_template_p && !ctx
5102       && !(is_friend && template_class_depth (current_class_type) > 0))
5103     {
5104       tmpl = pushdecl_namespace_level (tmpl, is_friend);
5105       if (tmpl == error_mark_node)
5106 	return error_mark_node;
5107 
5108       /* Hide template friend classes that haven't been declared yet.  */
5109       if (is_friend && TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
5110 	{
5111 	  DECL_ANTICIPATED (tmpl) = 1;
5112 	  DECL_FRIEND_P (tmpl) = 1;
5113 	}
5114     }
5115 
5116   if (primary)
5117     {
5118       tree parms = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl);
5119       int i;
5120 
5121       DECL_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE (tmpl) = tmpl;
5122       if (DECL_CONV_FN_P (tmpl))
5123 	{
5124 	  int depth = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms);
5125 
5126 	  /* It is a conversion operator. See if the type converted to
5127 	     depends on innermost template operands.  */
5128 
5129 	  if (uses_template_parms_level (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (tmpl)),
5130 					 depth))
5131 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_CONV_FN_P (tmpl) = 1;
5132 	}
5133 
5134       /* Give template template parms a DECL_CONTEXT of the template
5135 	 for which they are a parameter.  */
5136       parms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parms);
5137       for (i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
5138 	{
5139 	  tree parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i));
5140 	  if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
5141 	    DECL_CONTEXT (parm) = tmpl;
5142 	}
5143     }
5144 
5145   /* The DECL_TI_ARGS of DECL contains full set of arguments referring
5146      back to its most general template.  If TMPL is a specialization,
5147      ARGS may only have the innermost set of arguments.  Add the missing
5148      argument levels if necessary.  */
5149   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (tmpl))
5150     args = add_outermost_template_args (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl), args);
5151 
5152   info = build_template_info (tmpl, args);
5153 
5154   if (DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl))
5155     SET_TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (TREE_TYPE (tmpl), info);
5156   else
5157     {
5158       if (primary && !DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
5159 	retrofit_lang_decl (decl);
5160       if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
5161 	DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl) = info;
5162     }
5163 
5164   return DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);
5165 }
5166 
5167 tree
5168 push_template_decl (tree decl)
5169 {
5170   return push_template_decl_real (decl, false);
5171 }
5172 
5173 /* Called when a class template TYPE is redeclared with the indicated
5174    template PARMS, e.g.:
5175 
5176      template <class T> struct S;
5177      template <class T> struct S {};  */
5178 
5179 bool
5180 redeclare_class_template (tree type, tree parms)
5181 {
5182   tree tmpl;
5183   tree tmpl_parms;
5184   int i;
5185 
5186   if (!TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
5187     {
5188       error ("%qT is not a template type", type);
5189       return false;
5190     }
5191 
5192   tmpl = TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type);
5193   if (!PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
5194     /* The type is nested in some template class.  Nothing to worry
5195        about here; there are no new template parameters for the nested
5196        type.  */
5197     return true;
5198 
5199   if (!parms)
5200     {
5201       error ("template specifiers not specified in declaration of %qD",
5202 	     tmpl);
5203       return false;
5204     }
5205 
5206   parms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parms);
5207   tmpl_parms = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl);
5208 
5209   if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms) != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tmpl_parms))
5210     {
5211       error_n (input_location, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms),
5212                "redeclared with %d template parameter",
5213                "redeclared with %d template parameters",
5214                TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms));
5215       inform_n (input_location, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tmpl_parms),
5216                 "previous declaration %q+D used %d template parameter",
5217                 "previous declaration %q+D used %d template parameters",
5218                 tmpl, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tmpl_parms));
5219       return false;
5220     }
5221 
5222   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tmpl_parms); ++i)
5223     {
5224       tree tmpl_parm;
5225       tree parm;
5226       tree tmpl_default;
5227       tree parm_default;
5228 
5229       if (TREE_VEC_ELT (tmpl_parms, i) == error_mark_node
5230           || TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i) == error_mark_node)
5231         continue;
5232 
5233       tmpl_parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tmpl_parms, i));
5234       if (tmpl_parm == error_mark_node)
5235 	return false;
5236 
5237       parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i));
5238       tmpl_default = TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tmpl_parms, i));
5239       parm_default = TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i));
5240 
5241       /* TMPL_PARM and PARM can be either TYPE_DECL, PARM_DECL, or
5242 	 TEMPLATE_DECL.  */
5243       if (TREE_CODE (tmpl_parm) != TREE_CODE (parm)
5244 	  || (TREE_CODE (tmpl_parm) != TYPE_DECL
5245 	      && !same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (tmpl_parm), TREE_TYPE (parm)))
5246 	  || (TREE_CODE (tmpl_parm) != PARM_DECL
5247 	      && (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (TREE_TYPE (tmpl_parm))
5248 		  != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (TREE_TYPE (parm))))
5249 	  || (TREE_CODE (tmpl_parm) == PARM_DECL
5250 	      && (TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (tmpl_parm))
5251 		  != TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (parm)))))
5252 	{
5253 	  error ("template parameter %q+#D", tmpl_parm);
5254 	  error ("redeclared here as %q#D", parm);
5255 	  return false;
5256 	}
5257 
5258       if (tmpl_default != NULL_TREE && parm_default != NULL_TREE)
5259 	{
5260 	  /* We have in [temp.param]:
5261 
5262 	     A template-parameter may not be given default arguments
5263 	     by two different declarations in the same scope.  */
5264 	  error_at (input_location, "redefinition of default argument for %q#D", parm);
5265 	  inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmpl_parm),
5266 		  "original definition appeared here");
5267 	  return false;
5268 	}
5269 
5270       if (parm_default != NULL_TREE)
5271 	/* Update the previous template parameters (which are the ones
5272 	   that will really count) with the new default value.  */
5273 	TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tmpl_parms, i)) = parm_default;
5274       else if (tmpl_default != NULL_TREE)
5275 	/* Update the new parameters, too; they'll be used as the
5276 	   parameters for any members.  */
5277 	TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i)) = tmpl_default;
5278     }
5279 
5280     return true;
5281 }
5282 
5283 /* Simplify EXPR if it is a non-dependent expression.  Returns the
5284    (possibly simplified) expression.  */
5285 
5286 static tree
5287 fold_non_dependent_expr_sfinae (tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
5288 {
5289   if (expr == NULL_TREE)
5290     return NULL_TREE;
5291 
5292   /* If we're in a template, but EXPR isn't value dependent, simplify
5293      it.  We're supposed to treat:
5294 
5295        template <typename T> void f(T[1 + 1]);
5296        template <typename T> void f(T[2]);
5297 
5298      as two declarations of the same function, for example.  */
5299   if (processing_template_decl
5300       && !type_dependent_expression_p (expr)
5301       && potential_constant_expression (expr)
5302       && !value_dependent_expression_p (expr))
5303     {
5304       HOST_WIDE_INT saved_processing_template_decl;
5305 
5306       saved_processing_template_decl = processing_template_decl;
5307       processing_template_decl = 0;
5308       expr = tsubst_copy_and_build (expr,
5309 				    /*args=*/NULL_TREE,
5310 				    complain,
5311 				    /*in_decl=*/NULL_TREE,
5312 				    /*function_p=*/false,
5313 				    /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
5314       processing_template_decl = saved_processing_template_decl;
5315     }
5316   return expr;
5317 }
5318 
5319 tree
5320 fold_non_dependent_expr (tree expr)
5321 {
5322   return fold_non_dependent_expr_sfinae (expr, tf_error);
5323 }
5324 
5325 /* Return TRUE iff T is a type alias, a TEMPLATE_DECL for an alias
5326    template declaration, or a TYPE_DECL for an alias declaration.  */
5327 
5328 bool
5329 alias_type_or_template_p (tree t)
5330 {
5331   if (t == NULL_TREE)
5332     return false;
5333   return ((TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL && TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (t))
5334 	  || (TYPE_P (t)
5335 	      && TYPE_NAME (t)
5336 	      && TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (TYPE_NAME (t)))
5337 	  || DECL_ALIAS_TEMPLATE_P (t));
5338 }
5339 
5340 /* Return TRUE iff is a specialization of an alias template.  */
5341 
5342 bool
5343 alias_template_specialization_p (tree t)
5344 {
5345   if (t == NULL_TREE)
5346     return false;
5347   return (primary_template_instantiation_p (t)
5348 	  && DECL_ALIAS_TEMPLATE_P (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t)));
5349 }
5350 
5351 /* Subroutine of convert_nontype_argument. Converts EXPR to TYPE, which
5352    must be a function or a pointer-to-function type, as specified
5353    in [temp.arg.nontype]: disambiguate EXPR if it is an overload set,
5354    and check that the resulting function has external linkage.  */
5355 
5356 static tree
5357 convert_nontype_argument_function (tree type, tree expr)
5358 {
5359   tree fns = expr;
5360   tree fn, fn_no_ptr;
5361   linkage_kind linkage;
5362 
5363   fn = instantiate_type (type, fns, tf_none);
5364   if (fn == error_mark_node)
5365     return error_mark_node;
5366 
5367   fn_no_ptr = fn;
5368   if (TREE_CODE (fn_no_ptr) == ADDR_EXPR)
5369     fn_no_ptr = TREE_OPERAND (fn_no_ptr, 0);
5370   if (BASELINK_P (fn_no_ptr))
5371     fn_no_ptr = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fn_no_ptr);
5372 
5373   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/1
5374 
5375      A template-argument for a non-type, non-template template-parameter
5376      shall be one of:
5377      [...]
5378      -- the address of an object or function with external [C++11: or
5379         internal] linkage.  */
5380   linkage = decl_linkage (fn_no_ptr);
5381   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x ? linkage == lk_none : linkage != lk_external)
5382     {
5383       if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
5384 	error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5385 	       "because %qD has no linkage",
5386 	       expr, type, fn_no_ptr);
5387       else
5388 	error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5389 	       "because %qD does not have external linkage",
5390 	       expr, type, fn_no_ptr);
5391       return NULL_TREE;
5392     }
5393 
5394   return fn;
5395 }
5396 
5397 /* Subroutine of convert_nontype_argument.
5398    Check if EXPR of type TYPE is a valid pointer-to-member constant.
5399    Emit an error otherwise.  */
5400 
5401 static bool
5402 check_valid_ptrmem_cst_expr (tree type, tree expr,
5403 			     tsubst_flags_t complain)
5404 {
5405   STRIP_NOPS (expr);
5406   if (expr && (null_ptr_cst_p (expr) || TREE_CODE (expr) == PTRMEM_CST))
5407     return true;
5408   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x && null_member_pointer_value_p (expr))
5409     return true;
5410   if (complain & tf_error)
5411     {
5412       error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT",
5413 	     expr, type);
5414       error ("it must be a pointer-to-member of the form %<&X::Y%>");
5415     }
5416   return false;
5417 }
5418 
5419 /* Returns TRUE iff the address of OP is value-dependent.
5420 
5421    14.6.2.4 [temp.dep.temp]:
5422    A non-integral non-type template-argument is dependent if its type is
5423    dependent or it has either of the following forms
5424      qualified-id
5425      & qualified-id
5426    and contains a nested-name-specifier which specifies a class-name that
5427    names a dependent type.
5428 
5429    We generalize this to just say that the address of a member of a
5430    dependent class is value-dependent; the above doesn't cover the
5431    address of a static data member named with an unqualified-id.  */
5432 
5433 static bool
5434 has_value_dependent_address (tree op)
5435 {
5436   /* We could use get_inner_reference here, but there's no need;
5437      this is only relevant for template non-type arguments, which
5438      can only be expressed as &id-expression.  */
5439   if (DECL_P (op))
5440     {
5441       tree ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (op);
5442       if (TYPE_P (ctx) && dependent_type_p (ctx))
5443 	return true;
5444     }
5445 
5446   return false;
5447 }
5448 
5449 /* The next set of functions are used for providing helpful explanatory
5450    diagnostics for failed overload resolution.  Their messages should be
5451    indented by two spaces for consistency with the messages in
5452    call.c  */
5453 
5454 static int
5455 unify_success (bool explain_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
5456 {
5457   return 0;
5458 }
5459 
5460 static int
5461 unify_parameter_deduction_failure (bool explain_p, tree parm)
5462 {
5463   if (explain_p)
5464     inform (input_location,
5465 	    "  couldn't deduce template parameter %qD", parm);
5466   return 1;
5467 }
5468 
5469 static int
5470 unify_invalid (bool explain_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
5471 {
5472   return 1;
5473 }
5474 
5475 static int
5476 unify_cv_qual_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5477 {
5478   if (explain_p)
5479     inform (input_location,
5480 	    "  types %qT and %qT have incompatible cv-qualifiers",
5481 	    parm, arg);
5482   return 1;
5483 }
5484 
5485 static int
5486 unify_type_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5487 {
5488   if (explain_p)
5489     inform (input_location, "  mismatched types %qT and %qT", parm, arg);
5490   return 1;
5491 }
5492 
5493 static int
5494 unify_parameter_pack_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5495 {
5496   if (explain_p)
5497     inform (input_location,
5498 	    "  template parameter %qD is not a parameter pack, but "
5499 	    "argument %qD is",
5500 	    parm, arg);
5501   return 1;
5502 }
5503 
5504 static int
5505 unify_ptrmem_cst_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5506 {
5507   if (explain_p)
5508     inform (input_location,
5509 	    "  template argument %qE does not match "
5510 	    "pointer-to-member constant %qE",
5511 	    arg, parm);
5512   return 1;
5513 }
5514 
5515 static int
5516 unify_expression_unequal (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5517 {
5518   if (explain_p)
5519     inform (input_location, "  %qE is not equivalent to %qE", parm, arg);
5520   return 1;
5521 }
5522 
5523 static int
5524 unify_parameter_pack_inconsistent (bool explain_p, tree old_arg, tree new_arg)
5525 {
5526   if (explain_p)
5527     inform (input_location,
5528 	    "  inconsistent parameter pack deduction with %qT and %qT",
5529 	    old_arg, new_arg);
5530   return 1;
5531 }
5532 
5533 static int
5534 unify_inconsistency (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree first, tree second)
5535 {
5536   if (explain_p)
5537     {
5538       if (TYPE_P (parm))
5539 	inform (input_location,
5540 		"  deduced conflicting types for parameter %qT (%qT and %qT)",
5541 		parm, first, second);
5542       else
5543 	inform (input_location,
5544 		"  deduced conflicting values for non-type parameter "
5545 		"%qE (%qE and %qE)", parm, first, second);
5546     }
5547   return 1;
5548 }
5549 
5550 static int
5551 unify_vla_arg (bool explain_p, tree arg)
5552 {
5553   if (explain_p)
5554     inform (input_location,
5555 	    "  variable-sized array type %qT is not "
5556 	    "a valid template argument",
5557 	    arg);
5558   return 1;
5559 }
5560 
5561 static int
5562 unify_method_type_error (bool explain_p, tree arg)
5563 {
5564   if (explain_p)
5565     inform (input_location,
5566 	    "  member function type %qT is not a valid template argument",
5567 	    arg);
5568   return 1;
5569 }
5570 
5571 static int
5572 unify_arity (bool explain_p, int have, int wanted)
5573 {
5574   if (explain_p)
5575     inform_n (input_location, wanted,
5576 	      "  candidate expects %d argument, %d provided",
5577 	      "  candidate expects %d arguments, %d provided",
5578 	      wanted, have);
5579   return 1;
5580 }
5581 
5582 static int
5583 unify_too_many_arguments (bool explain_p, int have, int wanted)
5584 {
5585   return unify_arity (explain_p, have, wanted);
5586 }
5587 
5588 static int
5589 unify_too_few_arguments (bool explain_p, int have, int wanted)
5590 {
5591   return unify_arity (explain_p, have, wanted);
5592 }
5593 
5594 static int
5595 unify_arg_conversion (bool explain_p, tree to_type,
5596 		      tree from_type, tree arg)
5597 {
5598   if (explain_p)
5599     inform (input_location, "  cannot convert %qE (type %qT) to type %qT",
5600 	    arg, from_type, to_type);
5601   return 1;
5602 }
5603 
5604 static int
5605 unify_no_common_base (bool explain_p, enum template_base_result r,
5606 		      tree parm, tree arg)
5607 {
5608   if (explain_p)
5609     switch (r)
5610       {
5611       case tbr_ambiguous_baseclass:
5612 	inform (input_location, "  %qT is an ambiguous base class of %qT",
5613 		arg, parm);
5614 	break;
5615       default:
5616 	inform (input_location, "  %qT is not derived from %qT", arg, parm);
5617 	break;
5618       }
5619   return 1;
5620 }
5621 
5622 static int
5623 unify_inconsistent_template_template_parameters (bool explain_p)
5624 {
5625   if (explain_p)
5626     inform (input_location,
5627 	    "  template parameters of a template template argument are "
5628 	    "inconsistent with other deduced template arguments");
5629   return 1;
5630 }
5631 
5632 static int
5633 unify_template_deduction_failure (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5634 {
5635   if (explain_p)
5636     inform (input_location,
5637 	    "  can't deduce a template for %qT from non-template type %qT",
5638 	    parm, arg);
5639   return 1;
5640 }
5641 
5642 static int
5643 unify_template_argument_mismatch (bool explain_p, tree parm, tree arg)
5644 {
5645   if (explain_p)
5646     inform (input_location,
5647 	    "  template argument %qE does not match %qD", arg, parm);
5648   return 1;
5649 }
5650 
5651 static int
5652 unify_overload_resolution_failure (bool explain_p, tree arg)
5653 {
5654   if (explain_p)
5655     inform (input_location,
5656 	    "  could not resolve address from overloaded function %qE",
5657 	    arg);
5658   return 1;
5659 }
5660 
5661 /* Attempt to convert the non-type template parameter EXPR to the
5662    indicated TYPE.  If the conversion is successful, return the
5663    converted value.  If the conversion is unsuccessful, return
5664    NULL_TREE if we issued an error message, or error_mark_node if we
5665    did not.  We issue error messages for out-and-out bad template
5666    parameters, but not simply because the conversion failed, since we
5667    might be just trying to do argument deduction.  Both TYPE and EXPR
5668    must be non-dependent.
5669 
5670    The conversion follows the special rules described in
5671    [temp.arg.nontype], and it is much more strict than an implicit
5672    conversion.
5673 
5674    This function is called twice for each template argument (see
5675    lookup_template_class for a more accurate description of this
5676    problem). This means that we need to handle expressions which
5677    are not valid in a C++ source, but can be created from the
5678    first call (for instance, casts to perform conversions). These
5679    hacks can go away after we fix the double coercion problem.  */
5680 
5681 static tree
5682 convert_nontype_argument (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
5683 {
5684   tree expr_type;
5685 
5686   /* Detect immediately string literals as invalid non-type argument.
5687      This special-case is not needed for correctness (we would easily
5688      catch this later), but only to provide better diagnostic for this
5689      common user mistake. As suggested by DR 100, we do not mention
5690      linkage issues in the diagnostic as this is not the point.  */
5691   /* FIXME we're making this OK.  */
5692   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == STRING_CST)
5693     {
5694       if (complain & tf_error)
5695 	error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5696 	       "because string literals can never be used in this context",
5697 	       expr, type);
5698       return NULL_TREE;
5699     }
5700 
5701   /* Add the ADDR_EXPR now for the benefit of
5702      value_dependent_expression_p.  */
5703   if (TYPE_PTROBV_P (type)
5704       && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
5705     expr = decay_conversion (expr);
5706 
5707   /* If we are in a template, EXPR may be non-dependent, but still
5708      have a syntactic, rather than semantic, form.  For example, EXPR
5709      might be a SCOPE_REF, rather than the VAR_DECL to which the
5710      SCOPE_REF refers.  Preserving the qualifying scope is necessary
5711      so that access checking can be performed when the template is
5712      instantiated -- but here we need the resolved form so that we can
5713      convert the argument.  */
5714   if (TYPE_REF_OBJ_P (type)
5715       && has_value_dependent_address (expr))
5716     /* If we want the address and it's value-dependent, don't fold.  */;
5717   else if (!type_unknown_p (expr))
5718     expr = fold_non_dependent_expr_sfinae (expr, complain);
5719   if (error_operand_p (expr))
5720     return error_mark_node;
5721   expr_type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
5722   if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
5723     expr = mark_lvalue_use (expr);
5724   else
5725     expr = mark_rvalue_use (expr);
5726 
5727   /* 14.3.2/5: The null pointer{,-to-member} conversion is applied
5728      to a non-type argument of "nullptr".  */
5729   if (expr == nullptr_node
5730       && (TYPE_PTR_P (type) || TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (type)))
5731     expr = convert (type, expr);
5732 
5733   /* In C++11, integral or enumeration non-type template arguments can be
5734      arbitrary constant expressions.  Pointer and pointer to
5735      member arguments can be general constant expressions that evaluate
5736      to a null value, but otherwise still need to be of a specific form.  */
5737   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
5738     {
5739       if (TREE_CODE (expr) == PTRMEM_CST)
5740 	/* A PTRMEM_CST is already constant, and a valid template
5741 	   argument for a parameter of pointer to member type, we just want
5742 	   to leave it in that form rather than lower it to a
5743 	   CONSTRUCTOR.  */;
5744       else if (INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (type))
5745 	expr = maybe_constant_value (expr);
5746       else if (TYPE_PTR_P (type)
5747 	       || TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (type))
5748 	{
5749 	  tree folded = maybe_constant_value (expr);
5750 	  if (TYPE_PTR_P (type) ? integer_zerop (folded)
5751 	      : null_member_pointer_value_p (folded))
5752 	    expr = folded;
5753 	}
5754     }
5755 
5756   /* HACK: Due to double coercion, we can get a
5757      NOP_EXPR<REFERENCE_TYPE>(ADDR_EXPR<POINTER_TYPE> (arg)) here,
5758      which is the tree that we built on the first call (see
5759      below when coercing to reference to object or to reference to
5760      function). We just strip everything and get to the arg.
5761      See g++.old-deja/g++.oliva/template4.C and g++.dg/template/nontype9.C
5762      for examples.  */
5763   if (TYPE_REF_OBJ_P (type) || TYPE_REFFN_P (type))
5764     {
5765       tree probe_type, probe = expr;
5766       if (REFERENCE_REF_P (probe))
5767 	probe = TREE_OPERAND (probe, 0);
5768       probe_type = TREE_TYPE (probe);
5769       if (TREE_CODE (probe) == NOP_EXPR)
5770 	{
5771 	  /* ??? Maybe we could use convert_from_reference here, but we
5772 	     would need to relax its constraints because the NOP_EXPR
5773 	     could actually change the type to something more cv-qualified,
5774 	     and this is not folded by convert_from_reference.  */
5775 	  tree addr = TREE_OPERAND (probe, 0);
5776 	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (probe_type) == REFERENCE_TYPE);
5777 	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (addr) == ADDR_EXPR);
5778 	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (addr)) == POINTER_TYPE);
5779 	  gcc_assert (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
5780 		      (TREE_TYPE (probe_type),
5781 		       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (addr))));
5782 
5783 	  expr = TREE_OPERAND (addr, 0);
5784 	  expr_type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
5785 	}
5786     }
5787 
5788   /* We could also generate a NOP_EXPR(ADDR_EXPR()) when the
5789      parameter is a pointer to object, through decay and
5790      qualification conversion. Let's strip everything.  */
5791   else if (TREE_CODE (expr) == NOP_EXPR && TYPE_PTROBV_P (type))
5792     {
5793       STRIP_NOPS (expr);
5794       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (expr) == ADDR_EXPR);
5795       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == POINTER_TYPE);
5796       /* Skip the ADDR_EXPR only if it is part of the decay for
5797 	 an array. Otherwise, it is part of the original argument
5798 	 in the source code.  */
5799       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0))) == ARRAY_TYPE)
5800 	expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
5801       expr_type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
5802     }
5803 
5804   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 1
5805 
5806      For a non-type template-parameter of integral or enumeration type,
5807      integral promotions (_conv.prom_) and integral conversions
5808      (_conv.integral_) are applied.  */
5809   if (INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (type))
5810     {
5811       tree t = build_integral_nontype_arg_conv (type, expr, complain);
5812       t = maybe_constant_value (t);
5813       if (t != error_mark_node)
5814 	expr = t;
5815 
5816       if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (type, TREE_TYPE (expr)))
5817 	return error_mark_node;
5818 
5819       /* Notice that there are constant expressions like '4 % 0' which
5820 	 do not fold into integer constants.  */
5821       if (TREE_CODE (expr) != INTEGER_CST)
5822 	{
5823 	  if (complain & tf_error)
5824 	    {
5825 	      int errs = errorcount, warns = warningcount;
5826 	      if (processing_template_decl
5827 		  && !require_potential_constant_expression (expr))
5828 		return NULL_TREE;
5829 	      expr = cxx_constant_value (expr);
5830 	      if (errorcount > errs || warningcount > warns)
5831 		inform (EXPR_LOC_OR_HERE (expr),
5832 			"in template argument for type %qT ", type);
5833 	      if (expr == error_mark_node)
5834 		return NULL_TREE;
5835 	      /* else cxx_constant_value complained but gave us
5836 		 a real constant, so go ahead.  */
5837 	      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (expr) == INTEGER_CST);
5838 	    }
5839 	  else
5840 	    return NULL_TREE;
5841 	}
5842     }
5843   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 2
5844 
5845      For a non-type template-parameter of type pointer to object,
5846      qualification conversions (_conv.qual_) and the array-to-pointer
5847      conversion (_conv.array_) are applied.  */
5848   else if (TYPE_PTROBV_P (type))
5849     {
5850       /* [temp.arg.nontype]/1  (TC1 version, DR 49):
5851 
5852 	 A template-argument for a non-type, non-template template-parameter
5853 	 shall be one of: [...]
5854 
5855 	 -- the name of a non-type template-parameter;
5856 	 -- the address of an object or function with external linkage, [...]
5857 	    expressed as "& id-expression" where the & is optional if the name
5858 	    refers to a function or array, or if the corresponding
5859 	    template-parameter is a reference.
5860 
5861 	Here, we do not care about functions, as they are invalid anyway
5862 	for a parameter of type pointer-to-object.  */
5863 
5864       if (DECL_P (expr) && DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (expr))
5865 	/* Non-type template parameters are OK.  */
5866 	;
5867       else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x && integer_zerop (expr))
5868 	/* Null pointer values are OK in C++11.  */;
5869       else if (TREE_CODE (expr) != ADDR_EXPR
5870 	       && TREE_CODE (expr_type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
5871 	{
5872 	  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == VAR_DECL)
5873 	    {
5874 	      error ("%qD is not a valid template argument "
5875 		     "because %qD is a variable, not the address of "
5876 		     "a variable",
5877 		     expr, expr);
5878 	      return NULL_TREE;
5879 	    }
5880 	  /* Other values, like integer constants, might be valid
5881 	     non-type arguments of some other type.  */
5882 	  return error_mark_node;
5883 	}
5884       else
5885 	{
5886 	  tree decl;
5887 
5888 	  decl = ((TREE_CODE (expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
5889 		  ? TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0) : expr);
5890 	  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != VAR_DECL)
5891 	    {
5892 	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
5893 		     "because %qE is not a variable",
5894 		     expr, type, decl);
5895 	      return NULL_TREE;
5896 	    }
5897 	  else if (cxx_dialect < cxx0x && !DECL_EXTERNAL_LINKAGE_P (decl))
5898 	    {
5899 	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
5900 		     "because %qD does not have external linkage",
5901 		     expr, type, decl);
5902 	      return NULL_TREE;
5903 	    }
5904 	  else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x && decl_linkage (decl) == lk_none)
5905 	    {
5906 	      error ("%qE is not a valid template argument of type %qT "
5907 		     "because %qD has no linkage",
5908 		     expr, type, decl);
5909 	      return NULL_TREE;
5910 	    }
5911 	}
5912 
5913       expr = decay_conversion (expr);
5914       if (expr == error_mark_node)
5915 	return error_mark_node;
5916 
5917       expr = perform_qualification_conversions (type, expr);
5918       if (expr == error_mark_node)
5919 	return error_mark_node;
5920     }
5921   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 3
5922 
5923      For a non-type template-parameter of type reference to object, no
5924      conversions apply. The type referred to by the reference may be more
5925      cv-qualified than the (otherwise identical) type of the
5926      template-argument. The template-parameter is bound directly to the
5927      template-argument, which must be an lvalue.  */
5928   else if (TYPE_REF_OBJ_P (type))
5929     {
5930       if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (TREE_TYPE (type),
5931 						      expr_type))
5932 	return error_mark_node;
5933 
5934       if (!at_least_as_qualified_p (TREE_TYPE (type), expr_type))
5935 	{
5936 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5937 		 "because of conflicts in cv-qualification", expr, type);
5938 	  return NULL_TREE;
5939 	}
5940 
5941       if (!real_lvalue_p (expr))
5942 	{
5943 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5944 		 "because it is not an lvalue", expr, type);
5945 	  return NULL_TREE;
5946 	}
5947 
5948       /* [temp.arg.nontype]/1
5949 
5950 	 A template-argument for a non-type, non-template template-parameter
5951 	 shall be one of: [...]
5952 
5953 	 -- the address of an object or function with external linkage.  */
5954       if (TREE_CODE (expr) == INDIRECT_REF
5955 	  && TYPE_REF_OBJ_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0))))
5956 	{
5957 	  expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
5958 	  if (DECL_P (expr))
5959 	    {
5960 	      error ("%q#D is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5961 		     "because a reference variable does not have a constant "
5962 		     "address", expr, type);
5963 	      return NULL_TREE;
5964 	    }
5965 	}
5966 
5967       if (!DECL_P (expr))
5968 	{
5969 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5970 		 "because it is not an object with external linkage",
5971 		 expr, type);
5972 	  return NULL_TREE;
5973 	}
5974 
5975       if (!DECL_EXTERNAL_LINKAGE_P (expr))
5976 	{
5977 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
5978 		 "because object %qD has not external linkage",
5979 		 expr, type, expr);
5980 	  return NULL_TREE;
5981 	}
5982 
5983       expr = build_nop (type, build_address (expr));
5984     }
5985   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 4
5986 
5987      For a non-type template-parameter of type pointer to function, only
5988      the function-to-pointer conversion (_conv.func_) is applied. If the
5989      template-argument represents a set of overloaded functions (or a
5990      pointer to such), the matching function is selected from the set
5991      (_over.over_).  */
5992   else if (TYPE_PTRFN_P (type))
5993     {
5994       /* If the argument is a template-id, we might not have enough
5995 	 context information to decay the pointer.  */
5996       if (!type_unknown_p (expr_type))
5997 	{
5998 	  expr = decay_conversion (expr);
5999 	  if (expr == error_mark_node)
6000 	    return error_mark_node;
6001 	}
6002 
6003       if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x && integer_zerop (expr))
6004 	/* Null pointer values are OK in C++11.  */
6005 	return perform_qualification_conversions (type, expr);
6006 
6007       expr = convert_nontype_argument_function (type, expr);
6008       if (!expr || expr == error_mark_node)
6009 	return expr;
6010 
6011       if (TREE_CODE (expr) != ADDR_EXPR)
6012 	{
6013 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT", expr, type);
6014 	  error ("it must be the address of a function with external linkage");
6015 	  return NULL_TREE;
6016 	}
6017     }
6018   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 5
6019 
6020      For a non-type template-parameter of type reference to function, no
6021      conversions apply. If the template-argument represents a set of
6022      overloaded functions, the matching function is selected from the set
6023      (_over.over_).  */
6024   else if (TYPE_REFFN_P (type))
6025     {
6026       if (TREE_CODE (expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
6027 	{
6028 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
6029 		 "because it is a pointer", expr, type);
6030 	  inform (input_location, "try using %qE instead", TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
6031 	  return NULL_TREE;
6032 	}
6033 
6034       expr = convert_nontype_argument_function (TREE_TYPE (type), expr);
6035       if (!expr || expr == error_mark_node)
6036 	return expr;
6037 
6038       expr = build_nop (type, build_address (expr));
6039     }
6040   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 6
6041 
6042      For a non-type template-parameter of type pointer to member function,
6043      no conversions apply. If the template-argument represents a set of
6044      overloaded member functions, the matching member function is selected
6045      from the set (_over.over_).  */
6046   else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
6047     {
6048       expr = instantiate_type (type, expr, tf_none);
6049       if (expr == error_mark_node)
6050 	return error_mark_node;
6051 
6052       /* [temp.arg.nontype] bullet 1 says the pointer to member
6053          expression must be a pointer-to-member constant.  */
6054       if (!check_valid_ptrmem_cst_expr (type, expr, complain))
6055 	return error_mark_node;
6056 
6057       /* There is no way to disable standard conversions in
6058 	 resolve_address_of_overloaded_function (called by
6059 	 instantiate_type). It is possible that the call succeeded by
6060 	 converting &B::I to &D::I (where B is a base of D), so we need
6061 	 to reject this conversion here.
6062 
6063 	 Actually, even if there was a way to disable standard conversions,
6064 	 it would still be better to reject them here so that we can
6065 	 provide a superior diagnostic.  */
6066       if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expr), type))
6067 	{
6068 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
6069 		 "because it is of type %qT", expr, type,
6070 		 TREE_TYPE (expr));
6071 	  /* If we are just one standard conversion off, explain.  */
6072 	  if (can_convert (type, TREE_TYPE (expr)))
6073 	    inform (input_location,
6074 		    "standard conversions are not allowed in this context");
6075 	  return NULL_TREE;
6076 	}
6077     }
6078   /* [temp.arg.nontype]/5, bullet 7
6079 
6080      For a non-type template-parameter of type pointer to data member,
6081      qualification conversions (_conv.qual_) are applied.  */
6082   else if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type))
6083     {
6084       /* [temp.arg.nontype] bullet 1 says the pointer to member
6085          expression must be a pointer-to-member constant.  */
6086       if (!check_valid_ptrmem_cst_expr (type, expr, complain))
6087 	return error_mark_node;
6088 
6089       expr = perform_qualification_conversions (type, expr);
6090       if (expr == error_mark_node)
6091 	return expr;
6092     }
6093   else if (NULLPTR_TYPE_P (type))
6094     {
6095       if (expr != nullptr_node)
6096 	{
6097 	  error ("%qE is not a valid template argument for type %qT "
6098 		 "because it is of type %qT", expr, type, TREE_TYPE (expr));
6099 	  return NULL_TREE;
6100 	}
6101       return expr;
6102     }
6103   /* A template non-type parameter must be one of the above.  */
6104   else
6105     gcc_unreachable ();
6106 
6107   /* Sanity check: did we actually convert the argument to the
6108      right type?  */
6109   gcc_assert (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
6110 	      (type, TREE_TYPE (expr)));
6111   return expr;
6112 }
6113 
6114 /* Subroutine of coerce_template_template_parms, which returns 1 if
6115    PARM_PARM and ARG_PARM match using the rule for the template
6116    parameters of template template parameters. Both PARM and ARG are
6117    template parameters; the rest of the arguments are the same as for
6118    coerce_template_template_parms.
6119  */
6120 static int
6121 coerce_template_template_parm (tree parm,
6122                               tree arg,
6123                               tsubst_flags_t complain,
6124                               tree in_decl,
6125                               tree outer_args)
6126 {
6127   if (arg == NULL_TREE || arg == error_mark_node
6128       || parm == NULL_TREE || parm == error_mark_node)
6129     return 0;
6130 
6131   if (TREE_CODE (arg) != TREE_CODE (parm))
6132     return 0;
6133 
6134   switch (TREE_CODE (parm))
6135     {
6136     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
6137       /* We encounter instantiations of templates like
6138 	 template <template <template <class> class> class TT>
6139 	 class C;  */
6140       {
6141 	tree parmparm = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parm);
6142 	tree argparm = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (arg);
6143 
6144 	if (!coerce_template_template_parms
6145 	    (parmparm, argparm, complain, in_decl, outer_args))
6146 	  return 0;
6147       }
6148       /* Fall through.  */
6149 
6150     case TYPE_DECL:
6151       if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (TREE_TYPE (arg))
6152 	  && !TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (TREE_TYPE (parm)))
6153 	/* Argument is a parameter pack but parameter is not.  */
6154 	return 0;
6155       break;
6156 
6157     case PARM_DECL:
6158       /* The tsubst call is used to handle cases such as
6159 
6160            template <int> class C {};
6161 	   template <class T, template <T> class TT> class D {};
6162 	   D<int, C> d;
6163 
6164 	 i.e. the parameter list of TT depends on earlier parameters.  */
6165       if (!uses_template_parms (TREE_TYPE (arg))
6166 	  && !same_type_p
6167 	        (tsubst (TREE_TYPE (parm), outer_args, complain, in_decl),
6168 		 TREE_TYPE (arg)))
6169 	return 0;
6170 
6171       if (TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (arg))
6172 	  && !TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (parm)))
6173 	/* Argument is a parameter pack but parameter is not.  */
6174 	return 0;
6175 
6176       break;
6177 
6178     default:
6179       gcc_unreachable ();
6180     }
6181 
6182   return 1;
6183 }
6184 
6185 
6186 /* Return 1 if PARM_PARMS and ARG_PARMS matches using rule for
6187    template template parameters.  Both PARM_PARMS and ARG_PARMS are
6188    vectors of TREE_LIST nodes containing TYPE_DECL, TEMPLATE_DECL
6189    or PARM_DECL.
6190 
6191    Consider the example:
6192      template <class T> class A;
6193      template<template <class U> class TT> class B;
6194 
6195    For B<A>, PARM_PARMS are the parameters to TT, while ARG_PARMS are
6196    the parameters to A, and OUTER_ARGS contains A.  */
6197 
6198 static int
6199 coerce_template_template_parms (tree parm_parms,
6200 				tree arg_parms,
6201 				tsubst_flags_t complain,
6202 				tree in_decl,
6203 				tree outer_args)
6204 {
6205   int nparms, nargs, i;
6206   tree parm, arg;
6207   int variadic_p = 0;
6208 
6209   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (parm_parms) == TREE_VEC);
6210   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (arg_parms) == TREE_VEC);
6211 
6212   nparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parm_parms);
6213   nargs = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg_parms);
6214 
6215   /* Determine whether we have a parameter pack at the end of the
6216      template template parameter's template parameter list.  */
6217   if (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, nparms - 1) != error_mark_node)
6218     {
6219       parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, nparms - 1));
6220 
6221       if (parm == error_mark_node)
6222 	return 0;
6223 
6224       switch (TREE_CODE (parm))
6225         {
6226         case TEMPLATE_DECL:
6227         case TYPE_DECL:
6228           if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (TREE_TYPE (parm)))
6229             variadic_p = 1;
6230           break;
6231 
6232         case PARM_DECL:
6233           if (TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (DECL_INITIAL (parm)))
6234             variadic_p = 1;
6235           break;
6236 
6237         default:
6238           gcc_unreachable ();
6239         }
6240     }
6241 
6242   if (nargs != nparms
6243       && !(variadic_p && nargs >= nparms - 1))
6244     return 0;
6245 
6246   /* Check all of the template parameters except the parameter pack at
6247      the end (if any).  */
6248   for (i = 0; i < nparms - variadic_p; ++i)
6249     {
6250       if (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, i) == error_mark_node
6251           || TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_parms, i) == error_mark_node)
6252         continue;
6253 
6254       parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, i));
6255       arg = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_parms, i));
6256 
6257       if (!coerce_template_template_parm (parm, arg, complain, in_decl,
6258                                           outer_args))
6259 	return 0;
6260 
6261     }
6262 
6263   if (variadic_p)
6264     {
6265       /* Check each of the template parameters in the template
6266 	 argument against the template parameter pack at the end of
6267 	 the template template parameter.  */
6268       if (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, i) == error_mark_node)
6269 	return 0;
6270 
6271       parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm_parms, i));
6272 
6273       for (; i < nargs; ++i)
6274         {
6275           if (TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_parms, i) == error_mark_node)
6276             continue;
6277 
6278           arg = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (arg_parms, i));
6279 
6280           if (!coerce_template_template_parm (parm, arg, complain, in_decl,
6281                                               outer_args))
6282             return 0;
6283         }
6284     }
6285 
6286   return 1;
6287 }
6288 
6289 /* Verifies that the deduced template arguments (in TARGS) for the
6290    template template parameters (in TPARMS) represent valid bindings,
6291    by comparing the template parameter list of each template argument
6292    to the template parameter list of its corresponding template
6293    template parameter, in accordance with DR150. This
6294    routine can only be called after all template arguments have been
6295    deduced. It will return TRUE if all of the template template
6296    parameter bindings are okay, FALSE otherwise.  */
6297 bool
6298 template_template_parm_bindings_ok_p (tree tparms, tree targs)
6299 {
6300   int i, ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms);
6301   bool ret = true;
6302 
6303   /* We're dealing with template parms in this process.  */
6304   ++processing_template_decl;
6305 
6306   targs = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs);
6307 
6308   for (i = 0; i < ntparms; ++i)
6309     {
6310       tree tparm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i));
6311       tree targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i);
6312 
6313       if (TREE_CODE (tparm) == TEMPLATE_DECL && targ)
6314 	{
6315 	  tree packed_args = NULL_TREE;
6316 	  int idx, len = 1;
6317 
6318 	  if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (targ))
6319 	    {
6320 	      /* Look inside the argument pack.  */
6321 	      packed_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (targ);
6322 	      len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_args);
6323 	    }
6324 
6325 	  for (idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
6326 	    {
6327 	      tree targ_parms = NULL_TREE;
6328 
6329 	      if (packed_args)
6330 		/* Extract the next argument from the argument
6331 		   pack.  */
6332 		targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_args, idx);
6333 
6334 	      if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (targ))
6335 		/* Look at the pattern of the pack expansion.  */
6336 		targ = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (targ);
6337 
6338 	      /* Extract the template parameters from the template
6339 		 argument.  */
6340 	      if (TREE_CODE (targ) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
6341 		targ_parms = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (targ);
6342 	      else if (TREE_CODE (targ) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
6343 		targ_parms = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TYPE_NAME (targ));
6344 
6345 	      /* Verify that we can coerce the template template
6346 		 parameters from the template argument to the template
6347 		 parameter.  This requires an exact match.  */
6348 	      if (targ_parms
6349 		  && !coerce_template_template_parms
6350 		       (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tparm),
6351 			targ_parms,
6352 			tf_none,
6353 			tparm,
6354 			targs))
6355 		{
6356 		  ret = false;
6357 		  goto out;
6358 		}
6359 	    }
6360 	}
6361     }
6362 
6363  out:
6364 
6365   --processing_template_decl;
6366   return ret;
6367 }
6368 
6369 /* Since type attributes aren't mangled, we need to strip them from
6370    template type arguments.  */
6371 
6372 static tree
6373 canonicalize_type_argument (tree arg, tsubst_flags_t complain)
6374 {
6375   tree mv;
6376   if (!arg || arg == error_mark_node || arg == TYPE_CANONICAL (arg))
6377     return arg;
6378   mv = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (arg);
6379   arg = strip_typedefs (arg);
6380   if (TYPE_ALIGN (arg) != TYPE_ALIGN (mv)
6381       || TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (arg) != TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (mv))
6382     {
6383       if (complain & tf_warning)
6384 	warning (0, "ignoring attributes on template argument %qT", arg);
6385       arg = build_aligned_type (arg, TYPE_ALIGN (mv));
6386       arg = cp_build_type_attribute_variant (arg, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (mv));
6387     }
6388   return arg;
6389 }
6390 
6391 /* Convert the indicated template ARG as necessary to match the
6392    indicated template PARM.  Returns the converted ARG, or
6393    error_mark_node if the conversion was unsuccessful.  Error and
6394    warning messages are issued under control of COMPLAIN.  This
6395    conversion is for the Ith parameter in the parameter list.  ARGS is
6396    the full set of template arguments deduced so far.  */
6397 
6398 static tree
6399 convert_template_argument (tree parm,
6400 			   tree arg,
6401 			   tree args,
6402 			   tsubst_flags_t complain,
6403 			   int i,
6404 			   tree in_decl)
6405 {
6406   tree orig_arg;
6407   tree val;
6408   int is_type, requires_type, is_tmpl_type, requires_tmpl_type;
6409 
6410   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_LIST
6411       && TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (arg)) == OFFSET_REF)
6412     {
6413       /* The template argument was the name of some
6414 	 member function.  That's usually
6415 	 invalid, but static members are OK.  In any
6416 	 case, grab the underlying fields/functions
6417 	 and issue an error later if required.  */
6418       orig_arg = TREE_VALUE (arg);
6419       TREE_TYPE (arg) = unknown_type_node;
6420     }
6421 
6422   orig_arg = arg;
6423 
6424   requires_tmpl_type = TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL;
6425   requires_type = (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_DECL
6426 		   || requires_tmpl_type);
6427 
6428   /* When determining whether an argument pack expansion is a template,
6429      look at the pattern.  */
6430   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
6431     arg = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (arg);
6432 
6433   /* Deal with an injected-class-name used as a template template arg.  */
6434   if (requires_tmpl_type && CLASS_TYPE_P (arg))
6435     {
6436       tree t = maybe_get_template_decl_from_type_decl (TYPE_NAME (arg));
6437       if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
6438 	{
6439 	  if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
6440 	    /* OK under DR 1004.  */;
6441 	  else if (complain & tf_warning_or_error)
6442 	    pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic, "injected-class-name %qD"
6443 		     " used as template template argument", TYPE_NAME (arg));
6444 	  else if (flag_pedantic_errors)
6445 	    t = arg;
6446 
6447 	  arg = t;
6448 	}
6449     }
6450 
6451   is_tmpl_type =
6452     ((TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL
6453       && TREE_CODE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (arg)) == TYPE_DECL)
6454      || (requires_tmpl_type && TREE_CODE (arg) == TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK)
6455      || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
6456      || TREE_CODE (arg) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE);
6457 
6458   if (is_tmpl_type
6459       && (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
6460 	  || TREE_CODE (arg) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE))
6461     arg = TYPE_STUB_DECL (arg);
6462 
6463   is_type = TYPE_P (arg) || is_tmpl_type;
6464 
6465   if (requires_type && ! is_type && TREE_CODE (arg) == SCOPE_REF
6466       && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0)) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
6467     {
6468       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1)) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
6469 	{
6470 	  if (complain & tf_error)
6471 	    error ("invalid use of destructor %qE as a type", orig_arg);
6472 	  return error_mark_node;
6473 	}
6474 
6475       permerror (input_location,
6476 		 "to refer to a type member of a template parameter, "
6477 		 "use %<typename %E%>", orig_arg);
6478 
6479       orig_arg = make_typename_type (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0),
6480 				     TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1),
6481 				     typename_type,
6482 				     complain & tf_error);
6483       arg = orig_arg;
6484       is_type = 1;
6485     }
6486   if (is_type != requires_type)
6487     {
6488       if (in_decl)
6489 	{
6490 	  if (complain & tf_error)
6491 	    {
6492 	      error ("type/value mismatch at argument %d in template "
6493 		     "parameter list for %qD",
6494 		     i + 1, in_decl);
6495 	      if (is_type)
6496 		error ("  expected a constant of type %qT, got %qT",
6497 		       TREE_TYPE (parm),
6498 		       (DECL_P (arg) ? DECL_NAME (arg) : orig_arg));
6499 	      else if (requires_tmpl_type)
6500 		error ("  expected a class template, got %qE", orig_arg);
6501 	      else
6502 		error ("  expected a type, got %qE", orig_arg);
6503 	    }
6504 	}
6505       return error_mark_node;
6506     }
6507   if (is_tmpl_type ^ requires_tmpl_type)
6508     {
6509       if (in_decl && (complain & tf_error))
6510 	{
6511 	  error ("type/value mismatch at argument %d in template "
6512 		 "parameter list for %qD",
6513 		 i + 1, in_decl);
6514 	  if (is_tmpl_type)
6515 	    error ("  expected a type, got %qT", DECL_NAME (arg));
6516 	  else
6517 	    error ("  expected a class template, got %qT", orig_arg);
6518 	}
6519       return error_mark_node;
6520     }
6521 
6522   if (is_type)
6523     {
6524       if (requires_tmpl_type)
6525 	{
6526 	  if (template_parameter_pack_p (parm) && ARGUMENT_PACK_P (orig_arg))
6527 	    val = orig_arg;
6528 	  else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE)
6529 	    /* The number of argument required is not known yet.
6530 	       Just accept it for now.  */
6531 	    val = TREE_TYPE (arg);
6532 	  else
6533 	    {
6534 	      tree parmparm = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parm);
6535 	      tree argparm;
6536 
6537               argparm = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (arg);
6538 
6539 	      if (coerce_template_template_parms (parmparm, argparm,
6540 						  complain, in_decl,
6541 						  args))
6542 		{
6543 		  val = arg;
6544 
6545 		  /* TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM node is preferred over
6546 		     TEMPLATE_DECL.  */
6547 		  if (val != error_mark_node)
6548                     {
6549                       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (val))
6550                         val = TREE_TYPE (val);
6551 		      if (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
6552 			val = make_pack_expansion (val);
6553                     }
6554 		}
6555 	      else
6556 		{
6557 		  if (in_decl && (complain & tf_error))
6558 		    {
6559 		      error ("type/value mismatch at argument %d in "
6560 			     "template parameter list for %qD",
6561 			     i + 1, in_decl);
6562 		      error ("  expected a template of type %qD, got %qT",
6563 			     parm, orig_arg);
6564 		    }
6565 
6566 		  val = error_mark_node;
6567 		}
6568 	    }
6569 	}
6570       else
6571 	val = orig_arg;
6572       /* We only form one instance of each template specialization.
6573 	 Therefore, if we use a non-canonical variant (i.e., a
6574 	 typedef), any future messages referring to the type will use
6575 	 the typedef, which is confusing if those future uses do not
6576 	 themselves also use the typedef.  */
6577       if (TYPE_P (val))
6578 	val = canonicalize_type_argument (val, complain);
6579     }
6580   else
6581     {
6582       tree t = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (parm), args, complain, in_decl);
6583 
6584       if (invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (t, complain))
6585 	return error_mark_node;
6586 
6587       if (template_parameter_pack_p (parm) && ARGUMENT_PACK_P (orig_arg))
6588 	{
6589 	  if (same_type_p (t, TREE_TYPE (orig_arg)))
6590 	    val = orig_arg;
6591 	  else
6592 	    {
6593 	      /* Not sure if this is reachable, but it doesn't hurt
6594 		 to be robust.  */
6595 	      error ("type mismatch in nontype parameter pack");
6596 	      val = error_mark_node;
6597 	    }
6598 	}
6599       else if (!uses_template_parms (orig_arg) && !uses_template_parms (t))
6600 	/* We used to call digest_init here.  However, digest_init
6601 	   will report errors, which we don't want when complain
6602 	   is zero.  More importantly, digest_init will try too
6603 	   hard to convert things: for example, `0' should not be
6604 	   converted to pointer type at this point according to
6605 	   the standard.  Accepting this is not merely an
6606 	   extension, since deciding whether or not these
6607 	   conversions can occur is part of determining which
6608 	   function template to call, or whether a given explicit
6609 	   argument specification is valid.  */
6610 	val = convert_nontype_argument (t, orig_arg, complain);
6611       else
6612 	val = orig_arg;
6613 
6614       if (val == NULL_TREE)
6615 	val = error_mark_node;
6616       else if (val == error_mark_node && (complain & tf_error))
6617 	error ("could not convert template argument %qE to %qT",  orig_arg, t);
6618 
6619       if (TREE_CODE (val) == SCOPE_REF)
6620 	{
6621 	  /* Strip typedefs from the SCOPE_REF.  */
6622 	  tree type = canonicalize_type_argument (TREE_TYPE (val), complain);
6623 	  tree scope = canonicalize_type_argument (TREE_OPERAND (val, 0),
6624 						   complain);
6625 	  val = build_qualified_name (type, scope, TREE_OPERAND (val, 1),
6626 				      QUALIFIED_NAME_IS_TEMPLATE (val));
6627 	}
6628     }
6629 
6630   return val;
6631 }
6632 
6633 /* Coerces the remaining template arguments in INNER_ARGS (from
6634    ARG_IDX to the end) into the parameter pack at PARM_IDX in PARMS.
6635    Returns the coerced argument pack. PARM_IDX is the position of this
6636    parameter in the template parameter list. ARGS is the original
6637    template argument list.  */
6638 static tree
6639 coerce_template_parameter_pack (tree parms,
6640                                 int parm_idx,
6641                                 tree args,
6642                                 tree inner_args,
6643                                 int arg_idx,
6644                                 tree new_args,
6645                                 int* lost,
6646                                 tree in_decl,
6647                                 tsubst_flags_t complain)
6648 {
6649   tree parm = TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, parm_idx);
6650   int nargs = inner_args ? NUM_TMPL_ARGS (inner_args) : 0;
6651   tree packed_args;
6652   tree argument_pack;
6653   tree packed_types = NULL_TREE;
6654 
6655   if (arg_idx > nargs)
6656     arg_idx = nargs;
6657 
6658   packed_args = make_tree_vec (nargs - arg_idx);
6659 
6660   if (TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (parm)) == PARM_DECL
6661       && uses_parameter_packs (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (parm))))
6662     {
6663       /* When the template parameter is a non-type template
6664          parameter pack whose type uses parameter packs, we need
6665          to look at each of the template arguments
6666          separately. Build a vector of the types for these
6667          non-type template parameters in PACKED_TYPES.  */
6668       tree expansion
6669         = make_pack_expansion (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (parm)));
6670       packed_types = tsubst_pack_expansion (expansion, args,
6671                                             complain, in_decl);
6672 
6673       if (packed_types == error_mark_node)
6674         return error_mark_node;
6675 
6676       /* Check that we have the right number of arguments.  */
6677       if (arg_idx < nargs
6678           && !PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, arg_idx))
6679           && nargs - arg_idx != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_types))
6680         {
6681           int needed_parms
6682             = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms) - 1 + TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_types);
6683           error ("wrong number of template arguments (%d, should be %d)",
6684                  nargs, needed_parms);
6685           return error_mark_node;
6686         }
6687 
6688       /* If we aren't able to check the actual arguments now
6689          (because they haven't been expanded yet), we can at least
6690          verify that all of the types used for the non-type
6691          template parameter pack are, in fact, valid for non-type
6692          template parameters.  */
6693       if (arg_idx < nargs
6694           && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, arg_idx)))
6695         {
6696           int j, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_types);
6697           for (j = 0; j < len; ++j)
6698             {
6699               tree t = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_types, j);
6700               if (invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (t, complain))
6701                 return error_mark_node;
6702             }
6703         }
6704     }
6705 
6706   /* Convert the remaining arguments, which will be a part of the
6707      parameter pack "parm".  */
6708   for (; arg_idx < nargs; ++arg_idx)
6709     {
6710       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, arg_idx);
6711       tree actual_parm = TREE_VALUE (parm);
6712 
6713       if (packed_types && !PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
6714         {
6715           /* When we have a vector of types (corresponding to the
6716              non-type template parameter pack that uses parameter
6717              packs in its type, as mention above), and the
6718              argument is not an expansion (which expands to a
6719              currently unknown number of arguments), clone the
6720              parm and give it the next type in PACKED_TYPES.  */
6721           actual_parm = copy_node (actual_parm);
6722           TREE_TYPE (actual_parm) =
6723             TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_types, arg_idx - parm_idx);
6724         }
6725 
6726       if (arg != error_mark_node)
6727 	arg = convert_template_argument (actual_parm,
6728 					 arg, new_args, complain, parm_idx,
6729 					 in_decl);
6730       if (arg == error_mark_node)
6731         (*lost)++;
6732       TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_args, arg_idx - parm_idx) = arg;
6733     }
6734 
6735   if (TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (parm)) == TYPE_DECL
6736       || TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (parm)) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
6737     argument_pack = cxx_make_type (TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
6738   else
6739     {
6740       argument_pack = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
6741       TREE_TYPE (argument_pack)
6742         = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (parm)), new_args, complain, in_decl);
6743       TREE_CONSTANT (argument_pack) = 1;
6744     }
6745 
6746   SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (argument_pack, packed_args);
6747 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
6748   SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (packed_args,
6749 				       TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_args));
6750 #endif
6751   return argument_pack;
6752 }
6753 
6754 /* Returns true if the template argument vector ARGS contains
6755    any pack expansions, false otherwise.  */
6756 
6757 static bool
6758 any_pack_expanson_args_p (tree args)
6759 {
6760   int i;
6761   if (args)
6762     for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args); ++i)
6763       if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i)))
6764 	return true;
6765   return false;
6766 }
6767 
6768 /* Convert all template arguments to their appropriate types, and
6769    return a vector containing the innermost resulting template
6770    arguments.  If any error occurs, return error_mark_node. Error and
6771    warning messages are issued under control of COMPLAIN.
6772 
6773    If REQUIRE_ALL_ARGS is false, argument deduction will be performed
6774    for arguments not specified in ARGS.  Otherwise, if
6775    USE_DEFAULT_ARGS is true, default arguments will be used to fill in
6776    unspecified arguments.  If REQUIRE_ALL_ARGS is true, but
6777    USE_DEFAULT_ARGS is false, then all arguments must be specified in
6778    ARGS.  */
6779 
6780 static tree
6781 coerce_template_parms (tree parms,
6782 		       tree args,
6783 		       tree in_decl,
6784 		       tsubst_flags_t complain,
6785 		       bool require_all_args,
6786 		       bool use_default_args)
6787 {
6788   int nparms, nargs, parm_idx, arg_idx, lost = 0;
6789   tree inner_args;
6790   tree new_args;
6791   tree new_inner_args;
6792   int saved_unevaluated_operand;
6793   int saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
6794 
6795   /* When used as a boolean value, indicates whether this is a
6796      variadic template parameter list. Since it's an int, we can also
6797      subtract it from nparms to get the number of non-variadic
6798      parameters.  */
6799   int variadic_p = 0;
6800   int post_variadic_parms = 0;
6801 
6802   if (args == error_mark_node)
6803     return error_mark_node;
6804 
6805   nparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms);
6806 
6807   /* Determine if there are any parameter packs.  */
6808   for (parm_idx = 0; parm_idx < nparms; ++parm_idx)
6809     {
6810       tree tparm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, parm_idx));
6811       if (variadic_p)
6812 	++post_variadic_parms;
6813       if (template_parameter_pack_p (tparm))
6814 	++variadic_p;
6815     }
6816 
6817   inner_args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (args);
6818   /* If there are no parameters that follow a parameter pack, we need to
6819      expand any argument packs so that we can deduce a parameter pack from
6820      some non-packed args followed by an argument pack, as in variadic85.C.
6821      If there are such parameters, we need to leave argument packs intact
6822      so the arguments are assigned properly.  This can happen when dealing
6823      with a nested class inside a partial specialization of a class
6824      template, as in variadic92.C, or when deducing a template parameter pack
6825      from a sub-declarator, as in variadic114.C.  */
6826   if (!post_variadic_parms)
6827     inner_args = expand_template_argument_pack (inner_args);
6828 
6829   nargs = inner_args ? NUM_TMPL_ARGS (inner_args) : 0;
6830   if ((nargs > nparms && !variadic_p)
6831       || (nargs < nparms - variadic_p
6832 	  && require_all_args
6833 	  && !any_pack_expanson_args_p (inner_args)
6834 	  && (!use_default_args
6835 	      || (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, nargs) != error_mark_node
6836                   && !TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, nargs))))))
6837     {
6838       if (complain & tf_error)
6839 	{
6840           if (variadic_p)
6841             {
6842               nparms -= variadic_p;
6843 	      error ("wrong number of template arguments "
6844 		     "(%d, should be %d or more)", nargs, nparms);
6845             }
6846 	  else
6847 	     error ("wrong number of template arguments "
6848 		    "(%d, should be %d)", nargs, nparms);
6849 
6850 	  if (in_decl)
6851 	    error ("provided for %q+D", in_decl);
6852 	}
6853 
6854       return error_mark_node;
6855     }
6856 
6857   /* We need to evaluate the template arguments, even though this
6858      template-id may be nested within a "sizeof".  */
6859   saved_unevaluated_operand = cp_unevaluated_operand;
6860   cp_unevaluated_operand = 0;
6861   saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
6862   c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = 0;
6863   new_inner_args = make_tree_vec (nparms);
6864   new_args = add_outermost_template_args (args, new_inner_args);
6865   for (parm_idx = 0, arg_idx = 0; parm_idx < nparms; parm_idx++, arg_idx++)
6866     {
6867       tree arg;
6868       tree parm;
6869 
6870       /* Get the Ith template parameter.  */
6871       parm = TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, parm_idx);
6872 
6873       if (parm == error_mark_node)
6874       {
6875         TREE_VEC_ELT (new_inner_args, arg_idx) = error_mark_node;
6876         continue;
6877       }
6878 
6879       /* Calculate the next argument.  */
6880       if (arg_idx < nargs)
6881 	arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (inner_args, arg_idx);
6882       else
6883 	arg = NULL_TREE;
6884 
6885       if (template_parameter_pack_p (TREE_VALUE (parm))
6886 	  && !(arg && ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg)))
6887         {
6888 	  /* All remaining arguments will be placed in the
6889 	     template parameter pack PARM.  */
6890 	  arg = coerce_template_parameter_pack (parms, parm_idx, args,
6891 						inner_args, arg_idx,
6892 						new_args, &lost,
6893 						in_decl, complain);
6894 
6895           /* Store this argument.  */
6896           if (arg == error_mark_node)
6897             lost++;
6898           TREE_VEC_ELT (new_inner_args, parm_idx) = arg;
6899 
6900 	  /* We are done with all of the arguments.  */
6901 	  arg_idx = nargs;
6902 
6903           continue;
6904         }
6905       else if (arg)
6906 	{
6907           if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
6908             {
6909               /* We don't know how many args we have yet, just
6910                  use the unconverted ones for now.  */
6911               new_inner_args = inner_args;
6912               break;
6913             }
6914         }
6915       else if (require_all_args)
6916 	{
6917 	  /* There must be a default arg in this case.  */
6918 	  arg = tsubst_template_arg (TREE_PURPOSE (parm), new_args,
6919 				     complain, in_decl);
6920 	  /* The position of the first default template argument,
6921 	     is also the number of non-defaulted arguments in NEW_INNER_ARGS.
6922 	     Record that.  */
6923 	  if (!NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (new_inner_args))
6924 	    SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (new_inner_args, arg_idx);
6925 	}
6926       else
6927 	break;
6928 
6929       if (arg == error_mark_node)
6930 	{
6931 	  if (complain & tf_error)
6932 	    error ("template argument %d is invalid", arg_idx + 1);
6933 	}
6934       else if (!arg)
6935         /* This only occurs if there was an error in the template
6936            parameter list itself (which we would already have
6937            reported) that we are trying to recover from, e.g., a class
6938            template with a parameter list such as
6939            template<typename..., typename>.  */
6940 	++lost;
6941       else
6942 	arg = convert_template_argument (TREE_VALUE (parm),
6943 					 arg, new_args, complain,
6944                                          parm_idx, in_decl);
6945 
6946       if (arg == error_mark_node)
6947 	lost++;
6948       TREE_VEC_ELT (new_inner_args, arg_idx) = arg;
6949     }
6950   cp_unevaluated_operand = saved_unevaluated_operand;
6951   c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
6952 
6953   if (lost)
6954     return error_mark_node;
6955 
6956 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
6957   if (!NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (new_inner_args))
6958     SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (new_inner_args,
6959 					 TREE_VEC_LENGTH (new_inner_args));
6960 #endif
6961 
6962   return new_inner_args;
6963 }
6964 
6965 /* Returns 1 if template args OT and NT are equivalent.  */
6966 
6967 static int
6968 template_args_equal (tree ot, tree nt)
6969 {
6970   if (nt == ot)
6971     return 1;
6972   if (nt == NULL_TREE || ot == NULL_TREE)
6973     return false;
6974 
6975   if (TREE_CODE (nt) == TREE_VEC)
6976     /* For member templates */
6977     return TREE_CODE (ot) == TREE_VEC && comp_template_args (ot, nt);
6978   else if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (ot))
6979     return (PACK_EXPANSION_P (nt)
6980 	    && template_args_equal (PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (ot),
6981 				    PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (nt))
6982 	    && template_args_equal (PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (ot),
6983 				    PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (nt)));
6984   else if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (ot))
6985     {
6986       int i, len;
6987       tree opack, npack;
6988 
6989       if (!ARGUMENT_PACK_P (nt))
6990 	return 0;
6991 
6992       opack = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (ot);
6993       npack = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (nt);
6994       len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (opack);
6995       if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (npack) != len)
6996 	return 0;
6997       for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
6998 	if (!template_args_equal (TREE_VEC_ELT (opack, i),
6999 				  TREE_VEC_ELT (npack, i)))
7000 	  return 0;
7001       return 1;
7002     }
7003   else if (ot && TREE_CODE (ot) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
7004     {
7005       /* We get here probably because we are in the middle of substituting
7006          into the pattern of a pack expansion. In that case the
7007 	 ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT temporarily replaces the pack argument we are
7008 	 interested in. So we want to use the initial pack argument for
7009 	 the comparison.  */
7010       ot = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (ot);
7011       if (nt && TREE_CODE (nt) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
7012 	nt = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (nt);
7013       return template_args_equal (ot, nt);
7014     }
7015   else if (TYPE_P (nt))
7016     return TYPE_P (ot) && same_type_p (ot, nt);
7017   else if (TREE_CODE (ot) == TREE_VEC || TYPE_P (ot))
7018     return 0;
7019   else
7020     return cp_tree_equal (ot, nt);
7021 }
7022 
7023 /* Returns 1 iff the OLDARGS and NEWARGS are in fact identical sets of
7024    template arguments.  Returns 0 otherwise, and updates OLDARG_PTR and
7025    NEWARG_PTR with the offending arguments if they are non-NULL.  */
7026 
7027 static int
7028 comp_template_args_with_info (tree oldargs, tree newargs,
7029 			      tree *oldarg_ptr, tree *newarg_ptr)
7030 {
7031   int i;
7032 
7033   if (oldargs == newargs)
7034     return 1;
7035 
7036   if (!oldargs || !newargs)
7037     return 0;
7038 
7039   if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (oldargs) != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (newargs))
7040     return 0;
7041 
7042   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (oldargs); ++i)
7043     {
7044       tree nt = TREE_VEC_ELT (newargs, i);
7045       tree ot = TREE_VEC_ELT (oldargs, i);
7046 
7047       if (! template_args_equal (ot, nt))
7048 	{
7049 	  if (oldarg_ptr != NULL)
7050 	    *oldarg_ptr = ot;
7051 	  if (newarg_ptr != NULL)
7052 	    *newarg_ptr = nt;
7053 	  return 0;
7054 	}
7055     }
7056   return 1;
7057 }
7058 
7059 /* Returns 1 iff the OLDARGS and NEWARGS are in fact identical sets
7060    of template arguments.  Returns 0 otherwise.  */
7061 
7062 int
7063 comp_template_args (tree oldargs, tree newargs)
7064 {
7065   return comp_template_args_with_info (oldargs, newargs, NULL, NULL);
7066 }
7067 
7068 static void
7069 add_pending_template (tree d)
7070 {
7071   tree ti = (TYPE_P (d)
7072 	     ? CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (d)
7073 	     : DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (d));
7074   struct pending_template *pt;
7075   int level;
7076 
7077   if (TI_PENDING_TEMPLATE_FLAG (ti))
7078     return;
7079 
7080   /* We are called both from instantiate_decl, where we've already had a
7081      tinst_level pushed, and instantiate_template, where we haven't.
7082      Compensate.  */
7083   level = !current_tinst_level || current_tinst_level->decl != d;
7084 
7085   if (level)
7086     push_tinst_level (d);
7087 
7088   pt = ggc_alloc_pending_template ();
7089   pt->next = NULL;
7090   pt->tinst = current_tinst_level;
7091   if (last_pending_template)
7092     last_pending_template->next = pt;
7093   else
7094     pending_templates = pt;
7095 
7096   last_pending_template = pt;
7097 
7098   TI_PENDING_TEMPLATE_FLAG (ti) = 1;
7099 
7100   if (level)
7101     pop_tinst_level ();
7102 }
7103 
7104 
7105 /* Return a TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR corresponding to the indicated FNS and
7106    ARGLIST.  Valid choices for FNS are given in the cp-tree.def
7107    documentation for TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR.  */
7108 
7109 tree
7110 lookup_template_function (tree fns, tree arglist)
7111 {
7112   tree type;
7113 
7114   if (fns == error_mark_node || arglist == error_mark_node)
7115     return error_mark_node;
7116 
7117   gcc_assert (!arglist || TREE_CODE (arglist) == TREE_VEC);
7118 
7119   if (!is_overloaded_fn (fns) && TREE_CODE (fns) != IDENTIFIER_NODE)
7120     {
7121       error ("%q#D is not a function template", fns);
7122       return error_mark_node;
7123     }
7124 
7125   if (BASELINK_P (fns))
7126     {
7127       BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns) = build2 (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR,
7128 					 unknown_type_node,
7129 					 BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns),
7130 					 arglist);
7131       return fns;
7132     }
7133 
7134   type = TREE_TYPE (fns);
7135   if (TREE_CODE (fns) == OVERLOAD || !type)
7136     type = unknown_type_node;
7137 
7138   return build2 (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, type, fns, arglist);
7139 }
7140 
7141 /* Within the scope of a template class S<T>, the name S gets bound
7142    (in build_self_reference) to a TYPE_DECL for the class, not a
7143    TEMPLATE_DECL.  If DECL is a TYPE_DECL for current_class_type,
7144    or one of its enclosing classes, and that type is a template,
7145    return the associated TEMPLATE_DECL.  Otherwise, the original
7146    DECL is returned.
7147 
7148    Also handle the case when DECL is a TREE_LIST of ambiguous
7149    injected-class-names from different bases.  */
7150 
7151 tree
7152 maybe_get_template_decl_from_type_decl (tree decl)
7153 {
7154   if (decl == NULL_TREE)
7155     return decl;
7156 
7157   /* DR 176: A lookup that finds an injected-class-name (10.2
7158      [class.member.lookup]) can result in an ambiguity in certain cases
7159      (for example, if it is found in more than one base class). If all of
7160      the injected-class-names that are found refer to specializations of
7161      the same class template, and if the name is followed by a
7162      template-argument-list, the reference refers to the class template
7163      itself and not a specialization thereof, and is not ambiguous.  */
7164   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TREE_LIST)
7165     {
7166       tree t, tmpl = NULL_TREE;
7167       for (t = decl; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
7168 	{
7169 	  tree elt = maybe_get_template_decl_from_type_decl (TREE_VALUE (t));
7170 	  if (!tmpl)
7171 	    tmpl = elt;
7172 	  else if (tmpl != elt)
7173 	    break;
7174 	}
7175       if (tmpl && t == NULL_TREE)
7176 	return tmpl;
7177       else
7178 	return decl;
7179     }
7180 
7181   return (decl != NULL_TREE
7182 	  && DECL_SELF_REFERENCE_P (decl)
7183 	  && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
7184     ? CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) : decl;
7185 }
7186 
7187 /* Given an IDENTIFIER_NODE (type TEMPLATE_DECL) and a chain of
7188    parameters, find the desired type.
7189 
7190    D1 is the PTYPENAME terminal, and ARGLIST is the list of arguments.
7191 
7192    IN_DECL, if non-NULL, is the template declaration we are trying to
7193    instantiate.
7194 
7195    If ENTERING_SCOPE is nonzero, we are about to enter the scope of
7196    the class we are looking up.
7197 
7198    Issue error and warning messages under control of COMPLAIN.
7199 
7200    If the template class is really a local class in a template
7201    function, then the FUNCTION_CONTEXT is the function in which it is
7202    being instantiated.
7203 
7204    ??? Note that this function is currently called *twice* for each
7205    template-id: the first time from the parser, while creating the
7206    incomplete type (finish_template_type), and the second type during the
7207    real instantiation (instantiate_template_class). This is surely something
7208    that we want to avoid. It also causes some problems with argument
7209    coercion (see convert_nontype_argument for more information on this).  */
7210 
7211 static tree
7212 lookup_template_class_1 (tree d1, tree arglist, tree in_decl, tree context,
7213 			 int entering_scope, tsubst_flags_t complain)
7214 {
7215   tree templ = NULL_TREE, parmlist;
7216   tree t;
7217   void **slot;
7218   spec_entry *entry;
7219   spec_entry elt;
7220   hashval_t hash;
7221 
7222   if (TREE_CODE (d1) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
7223     {
7224       tree value = innermost_non_namespace_value (d1);
7225       if (value && DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (value))
7226 	templ = value;
7227       else
7228 	{
7229 	  if (context)
7230 	    push_decl_namespace (context);
7231 	  templ = lookup_name (d1);
7232 	  templ = maybe_get_template_decl_from_type_decl (templ);
7233 	  if (context)
7234 	    pop_decl_namespace ();
7235 	}
7236       if (templ)
7237 	context = DECL_CONTEXT (templ);
7238     }
7239   else if (TREE_CODE (d1) == TYPE_DECL && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (d1)))
7240     {
7241       tree type = TREE_TYPE (d1);
7242 
7243       /* If we are declaring a constructor, say A<T>::A<T>, we will get
7244 	 an implicit typename for the second A.  Deal with it.  */
7245       if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE && TREE_TYPE (type))
7246 	type = TREE_TYPE (type);
7247 
7248       if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
7249 	{
7250 	  templ = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type);
7251 	  d1 = DECL_NAME (templ);
7252 	}
7253     }
7254   else if (TREE_CODE (d1) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
7255 	   || (TYPE_P (d1) && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (d1)))
7256     {
7257       templ = TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (d1);
7258       d1 = DECL_NAME (templ);
7259     }
7260   else if (TREE_CODE (d1) == TEMPLATE_DECL
7261            && DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (d1)
7262 	   && TREE_CODE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (d1)) == TYPE_DECL)
7263     {
7264       templ = d1;
7265       d1 = DECL_NAME (templ);
7266       context = DECL_CONTEXT (templ);
7267     }
7268 
7269   /* Issue an error message if we didn't find a template.  */
7270   if (! templ)
7271     {
7272       if (complain & tf_error)
7273 	error ("%qT is not a template", d1);
7274       return error_mark_node;
7275     }
7276 
7277   if (TREE_CODE (templ) != TEMPLATE_DECL
7278 	 /* Make sure it's a user visible template, if it was named by
7279 	    the user.  */
7280       || ((complain & tf_user) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (templ)
7281 	  && !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (templ)))
7282     {
7283       if (complain & tf_error)
7284 	{
7285 	  error ("non-template type %qT used as a template", d1);
7286 	  if (in_decl)
7287 	    error ("for template declaration %q+D", in_decl);
7288 	}
7289       return error_mark_node;
7290     }
7291 
7292   complain &= ~tf_user;
7293 
7294   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (templ))
7295     {
7296       /* Create a new TEMPLATE_DECL and TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM node to store
7297 	 template arguments */
7298 
7299       tree parm;
7300       tree arglist2;
7301       tree outer;
7302 
7303       parmlist = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (templ);
7304 
7305       /* Consider an example where a template template parameter declared as
7306 
7307 	   template <class T, class U = std::allocator<T> > class TT
7308 
7309 	 The template parameter level of T and U are one level larger than
7310 	 of TT.  To proper process the default argument of U, say when an
7311 	 instantiation `TT<int>' is seen, we need to build the full
7312 	 arguments containing {int} as the innermost level.  Outer levels,
7313 	 available when not appearing as default template argument, can be
7314 	 obtained from the arguments of the enclosing template.
7315 
7316 	 Suppose that TT is later substituted with std::vector.  The above
7317 	 instantiation is `TT<int, std::allocator<T> >' with TT at
7318 	 level 1, and T at level 2, while the template arguments at level 1
7319 	 becomes {std::vector} and the inner level 2 is {int}.  */
7320 
7321       outer = DECL_CONTEXT (templ);
7322       if (outer)
7323 	outer = TI_ARGS (get_template_info (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (outer)));
7324       else if (current_template_parms)
7325 	/* This is an argument of the current template, so we haven't set
7326 	   DECL_CONTEXT yet.  */
7327 	outer = current_template_args ();
7328 
7329       if (outer)
7330 	arglist = add_to_template_args (outer, arglist);
7331 
7332       arglist2 = coerce_template_parms (parmlist, arglist, templ,
7333 					complain,
7334 					/*require_all_args=*/true,
7335 					/*use_default_args=*/true);
7336       if (arglist2 == error_mark_node
7337 	  || (!uses_template_parms (arglist2)
7338 	      && check_instantiated_args (templ, arglist2, complain)))
7339 	return error_mark_node;
7340 
7341       parm = bind_template_template_parm (TREE_TYPE (templ), arglist2);
7342       return parm;
7343     }
7344   else
7345     {
7346       tree template_type = TREE_TYPE (templ);
7347       tree gen_tmpl;
7348       tree type_decl;
7349       tree found = NULL_TREE;
7350       int arg_depth;
7351       int parm_depth;
7352       int is_dependent_type;
7353       int use_partial_inst_tmpl = false;
7354 
7355       if (template_type == error_mark_node)
7356 	/* An error occured while building the template TEMPL, and a
7357 	   diagnostic has most certainly been emitted for that
7358 	   already.  Let's propagate that error.  */
7359 	return error_mark_node;
7360 
7361       gen_tmpl = most_general_template (templ);
7362       parmlist = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (gen_tmpl);
7363       parm_depth = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parmlist);
7364       arg_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (arglist);
7365 
7366       if (arg_depth == 1 && parm_depth > 1)
7367 	{
7368 	  /* We've been given an incomplete set of template arguments.
7369 	     For example, given:
7370 
7371 	       template <class T> struct S1 {
7372 		 template <class U> struct S2 {};
7373 		 template <class U> struct S2<U*> {};
7374 		};
7375 
7376 	     we will be called with an ARGLIST of `U*', but the
7377 	     TEMPLATE will be `template <class T> template
7378 	     <class U> struct S1<T>::S2'.  We must fill in the missing
7379 	     arguments.  */
7380 	  arglist
7381 	    = add_outermost_template_args (TYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (templ)),
7382 					   arglist);
7383 	  arg_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (arglist);
7384 	}
7385 
7386       /* Now we should have enough arguments.  */
7387       gcc_assert (parm_depth == arg_depth);
7388 
7389       /* From here on, we're only interested in the most general
7390 	 template.  */
7391 
7392       /* Calculate the BOUND_ARGS.  These will be the args that are
7393 	 actually tsubst'd into the definition to create the
7394 	 instantiation.  */
7395       if (parm_depth > 1)
7396 	{
7397 	  /* We have multiple levels of arguments to coerce, at once.  */
7398 	  int i;
7399 	  int saved_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (arglist);
7400 
7401 	  tree bound_args = make_tree_vec (parm_depth);
7402 
7403 	  for (i = saved_depth,
7404 		 t = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (gen_tmpl);
7405 	       i > 0 && t != NULL_TREE;
7406 	       --i, t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
7407 	    {
7408 	      tree a;
7409 	      if (i == saved_depth)
7410 		a = coerce_template_parms (TREE_VALUE (t),
7411 					   arglist, gen_tmpl,
7412 					   complain,
7413 					   /*require_all_args=*/true,
7414 					   /*use_default_args=*/true);
7415 	      else
7416 		/* Outer levels should have already been coerced.  */
7417 		a = TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (arglist, i);
7418 
7419 	      /* Don't process further if one of the levels fails.  */
7420 	      if (a == error_mark_node)
7421 		{
7422 		  /* Restore the ARGLIST to its full size.  */
7423 		  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist) = saved_depth;
7424 		  return error_mark_node;
7425 		}
7426 
7427 	      SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (bound_args, i, a);
7428 
7429 	      /* We temporarily reduce the length of the ARGLIST so
7430 		 that coerce_template_parms will see only the arguments
7431 		 corresponding to the template parameters it is
7432 		 examining.  */
7433 	      TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist)--;
7434 	    }
7435 
7436 	  /* Restore the ARGLIST to its full size.  */
7437 	  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist) = saved_depth;
7438 
7439 	  arglist = bound_args;
7440 	}
7441       else
7442 	arglist
7443 	  = coerce_template_parms (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parmlist),
7444 				   INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (arglist),
7445 				   gen_tmpl,
7446 				   complain,
7447 				   /*require_all_args=*/true,
7448 				   /*use_default_args=*/true);
7449 
7450       if (arglist == error_mark_node)
7451 	/* We were unable to bind the arguments.  */
7452 	return error_mark_node;
7453 
7454       /* In the scope of a template class, explicit references to the
7455 	 template class refer to the type of the template, not any
7456 	 instantiation of it.  For example, in:
7457 
7458 	   template <class T> class C { void f(C<T>); }
7459 
7460 	 the `C<T>' is just the same as `C'.  Outside of the
7461 	 class, however, such a reference is an instantiation.  */
7462       if ((entering_scope
7463 	   || !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl)
7464 	   || currently_open_class (template_type))
7465 	  /* comp_template_args is expensive, check it last.  */
7466 	  && comp_template_args (TYPE_TI_ARGS (template_type),
7467 				 arglist))
7468 	return template_type;
7469 
7470       /* If we already have this specialization, return it.  */
7471       elt.tmpl = gen_tmpl;
7472       elt.args = arglist;
7473       hash = hash_specialization (&elt);
7474       entry = (spec_entry *) htab_find_with_hash (type_specializations,
7475 						  &elt, hash);
7476 
7477       if (entry)
7478 	return entry->spec;
7479 
7480       is_dependent_type = uses_template_parms (arglist);
7481 
7482       /* If the deduced arguments are invalid, then the binding
7483 	 failed.  */
7484       if (!is_dependent_type
7485 	  && check_instantiated_args (gen_tmpl,
7486 				      INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (arglist),
7487 				      complain))
7488 	return error_mark_node;
7489 
7490       if (!is_dependent_type
7491 	  && !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl)
7492 	  && !LAMBDA_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gen_tmpl))
7493 	  && TREE_CODE (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (gen_tmpl)) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
7494 	{
7495 	  found = xref_tag_from_type (TREE_TYPE (gen_tmpl),
7496 				      DECL_NAME (gen_tmpl),
7497 				      /*tag_scope=*/ts_global);
7498 	  return found;
7499 	}
7500 
7501       context = tsubst (DECL_CONTEXT (gen_tmpl), arglist,
7502 			complain, in_decl);
7503       if (context == error_mark_node)
7504 	return error_mark_node;
7505 
7506       if (!context)
7507 	context = global_namespace;
7508 
7509       /* Create the type.  */
7510       if (TREE_CODE (template_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
7511 	{
7512 	  if (!is_dependent_type)
7513 	    {
7514 	      set_current_access_from_decl (TYPE_NAME (template_type));
7515 	      t = start_enum (TYPE_IDENTIFIER (template_type), NULL_TREE,
7516 			      tsubst (ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (template_type),
7517 				      arglist, complain, in_decl),
7518 			      SCOPED_ENUM_P (template_type), NULL);
7519 	    }
7520 	  else
7521             {
7522               /* We don't want to call start_enum for this type, since
7523                  the values for the enumeration constants may involve
7524                  template parameters.  And, no one should be interested
7525                  in the enumeration constants for such a type.  */
7526               t = cxx_make_type (ENUMERAL_TYPE);
7527               SET_SCOPED_ENUM_P (t, SCOPED_ENUM_P (template_type));
7528             }
7529           SET_OPAQUE_ENUM_P (t, OPAQUE_ENUM_P (template_type));
7530 	  ENUM_FIXED_UNDERLYING_TYPE_P (t)
7531 	    = ENUM_FIXED_UNDERLYING_TYPE_P (template_type);
7532 	}
7533       else if (DECL_ALIAS_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl))
7534 	{
7535 	  /* The user referred to a specialization of an alias
7536 	    template represented by GEN_TMPL.
7537 
7538 	    [temp.alias]/2 says:
7539 
7540 	        When a template-id refers to the specialization of an
7541 		alias template, it is equivalent to the associated
7542 		type obtained by substitution of its
7543 		template-arguments for the template-parameters in the
7544 		type-id of the alias template.  */
7545 
7546 	  t = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (gen_tmpl), arglist, complain, in_decl);
7547 	  /* Note that the call above (by indirectly calling
7548 	     register_specialization in tsubst_decl) registers the
7549 	     TYPE_DECL representing the specialization of the alias
7550 	     template.  So next time someone substitutes ARGLIST for
7551 	     the template parms into the alias template (GEN_TMPL),
7552 	     she'll get that TYPE_DECL back.  */
7553 
7554 	  if (t == error_mark_node)
7555 	    return t;
7556 	}
7557       else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (template_type))
7558 	{
7559 	  t = make_class_type (TREE_CODE (template_type));
7560 	  CLASSTYPE_DECLARED_CLASS (t)
7561 	    = CLASSTYPE_DECLARED_CLASS (template_type);
7562 	  SET_CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (t);
7563 	  TYPE_FOR_JAVA (t) = TYPE_FOR_JAVA (template_type);
7564 
7565 	  /* A local class.  Make sure the decl gets registered properly.  */
7566 	  if (context == current_function_decl)
7567 	    pushtag (DECL_NAME (gen_tmpl), t, /*tag_scope=*/ts_global);
7568 
7569 	  if (comp_template_args (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (template_type), arglist))
7570 	    /* This instantiation is another name for the primary
7571 	       template type. Set the TYPE_CANONICAL field
7572 	       appropriately. */
7573 	    TYPE_CANONICAL (t) = template_type;
7574 	  else if (any_template_arguments_need_structural_equality_p (arglist))
7575 	    /* Some of the template arguments require structural
7576 	       equality testing, so this template class requires
7577 	       structural equality testing. */
7578 	    SET_TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY (t);
7579 	}
7580       else
7581 	gcc_unreachable ();
7582 
7583       /* If we called start_enum or pushtag above, this information
7584 	 will already be set up.  */
7585       if (!TYPE_NAME (t))
7586 	{
7587 	  TYPE_CONTEXT (t) = FROB_CONTEXT (context);
7588 
7589 	  type_decl = create_implicit_typedef (DECL_NAME (gen_tmpl), t);
7590 	  DECL_CONTEXT (type_decl) = TYPE_CONTEXT (t);
7591 	  DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (type_decl)
7592 	    = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_STUB_DECL (template_type));
7593 	}
7594       else
7595 	type_decl = TYPE_NAME (t);
7596 
7597       if (CLASS_TYPE_P (template_type))
7598 	{
7599 	  TREE_PRIVATE (type_decl)
7600 	    = TREE_PRIVATE (TYPE_STUB_DECL (template_type));
7601 	  TREE_PROTECTED (type_decl)
7602 	    = TREE_PROTECTED (TYPE_STUB_DECL (template_type));
7603 	  if (CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (template_type))
7604 	    {
7605 	      DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (type_decl) = 1;
7606 	      DECL_VISIBILITY (type_decl) = CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY (template_type);
7607 	    }
7608 	}
7609 
7610       /* Let's consider the explicit specialization of a member
7611          of a class template specialization that is implicitely instantiated,
7612 	 e.g.:
7613 	     template<class T>
7614 	     struct S
7615 	     {
7616 	       template<class U> struct M {}; //#0
7617 	     };
7618 
7619 	     template<>
7620 	     template<>
7621 	     struct S<int>::M<char> //#1
7622 	     {
7623 	       int i;
7624 	     };
7625 	[temp.expl.spec]/4 says this is valid.
7626 
7627 	In this case, when we write:
7628 	S<int>::M<char> m;
7629 
7630 	M is instantiated from the CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE of #1, not from
7631 	the one of #0.
7632 
7633 	When we encounter #1, we want to store the partial instantiation
7634 	of M (template<class T> S<int>::M<T>) in it's CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE.
7635 
7636 	For all cases other than this "explicit specialization of member of a
7637 	class template", we just want to store the most general template into
7638 	the CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE of M.
7639 
7640 	This case of "explicit specialization of member of a class template"
7641 	only happens when:
7642 	1/ the enclosing class is an instantiation of, and therefore not
7643 	the same as, the context of the most general template, and
7644 	2/ we aren't looking at the partial instantiation itself, i.e.
7645 	the innermost arguments are not the same as the innermost parms of
7646 	the most general template.
7647 
7648 	So it's only when 1/ and 2/ happens that we want to use the partial
7649 	instantiation of the member template in lieu of its most general
7650 	template.  */
7651 
7652       if (PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl)
7653 	  && TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (arglist)
7654 	  /* the enclosing class must be an instantiation...  */
7655 	  && CLASS_TYPE_P (context)
7656 	  && !same_type_p (context, DECL_CONTEXT (gen_tmpl)))
7657 	{
7658 	  tree partial_inst_args;
7659 	  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist)--;
7660 	  ++processing_template_decl;
7661 	  partial_inst_args =
7662 	    tsubst (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS
7663 			(TYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (gen_tmpl))),
7664 		    arglist, complain, NULL_TREE);
7665 	  --processing_template_decl;
7666 	  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist)++;
7667 	  use_partial_inst_tmpl =
7668 	    /*...and we must not be looking at the partial instantiation
7669 	     itself. */
7670 	    !comp_template_args (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (arglist),
7671 				 partial_inst_args);
7672 	}
7673 
7674       if (!use_partial_inst_tmpl)
7675 	/* This case is easy; there are no member templates involved.  */
7676 	found = gen_tmpl;
7677       else
7678 	{
7679 	  /* This is a full instantiation of a member template.  Find
7680 	     the partial instantiation of which this is an instance.  */
7681 
7682 	  /* Temporarily reduce by one the number of levels in the ARGLIST
7683 	     so as to avoid comparing the last set of arguments.  */
7684 	  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist)--;
7685 	  found = tsubst (gen_tmpl, arglist, complain, NULL_TREE);
7686 	  TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arglist)++;
7687 	  /* FOUND is either a proper class type, or an alias
7688 	     template specialization.  In the later case, it's a
7689 	     TYPE_DECL, resulting from the substituting of arguments
7690 	     for parameters in the TYPE_DECL of the alias template
7691 	     done earlier.  So be careful while getting the template
7692 	     of FOUND.  */
7693 	  found = TREE_CODE (found) == TYPE_DECL
7694 	    ? TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (found))
7695 	    : CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (found);
7696 	}
7697 
7698       SET_TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t, build_template_info (found, arglist));
7699 
7700       elt.spec = t;
7701       slot = htab_find_slot_with_hash (type_specializations,
7702 				       &elt, hash, INSERT);
7703       entry = ggc_alloc_spec_entry ();
7704       *entry = elt;
7705       *slot = entry;
7706 
7707       /* Note this use of the partial instantiation so we can check it
7708 	 later in maybe_process_partial_specialization.  */
7709       DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (templ)
7710 	= tree_cons (arglist, t,
7711 		     DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (templ));
7712 
7713       if (TREE_CODE (t) == ENUMERAL_TYPE && !is_dependent_type)
7714 	/* Now that the type has been registered on the instantiations
7715 	   list, we set up the enumerators.  Because the enumeration
7716 	   constants may involve the enumeration type itself, we make
7717 	   sure to register the type first, and then create the
7718 	   constants.  That way, doing tsubst_expr for the enumeration
7719 	   constants won't result in recursive calls here; we'll find
7720 	   the instantiation and exit above.  */
7721 	tsubst_enum (template_type, t, arglist);
7722 
7723       if (CLASS_TYPE_P (template_type) && is_dependent_type)
7724 	/* If the type makes use of template parameters, the
7725 	   code that generates debugging information will crash.  */
7726 	DECL_IGNORED_P (TYPE_STUB_DECL (t)) = 1;
7727 
7728       /* Possibly limit visibility based on template args.  */
7729       TREE_PUBLIC (type_decl) = 1;
7730       determine_visibility (type_decl);
7731 
7732       return t;
7733     }
7734 }
7735 
7736 /* Wrapper for lookup_template_class_1.  */
7737 
7738 tree
7739 lookup_template_class (tree d1, tree arglist, tree in_decl, tree context,
7740                        int entering_scope, tsubst_flags_t complain)
7741 {
7742   tree ret;
7743   timevar_push (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
7744   ret = lookup_template_class_1 (d1, arglist, in_decl, context,
7745                                  entering_scope, complain);
7746   timevar_pop (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
7747   return ret;
7748 }
7749 
7750 struct pair_fn_data
7751 {
7752   tree_fn_t fn;
7753   void *data;
7754   /* True when we should also visit template parameters that occur in
7755      non-deduced contexts.  */
7756   bool include_nondeduced_p;
7757   struct pointer_set_t *visited;
7758 };
7759 
7760 /* Called from for_each_template_parm via walk_tree.  */
7761 
7762 static tree
7763 for_each_template_parm_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *d)
7764 {
7765   tree t = *tp;
7766   struct pair_fn_data *pfd = (struct pair_fn_data *) d;
7767   tree_fn_t fn = pfd->fn;
7768   void *data = pfd->data;
7769 
7770   if (TYPE_P (t)
7771       && (pfd->include_nondeduced_p || TREE_CODE (t) != TYPENAME_TYPE)
7772       && for_each_template_parm (TYPE_CONTEXT (t), fn, data, pfd->visited,
7773 				 pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7774     return error_mark_node;
7775 
7776   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
7777     {
7778     case RECORD_TYPE:
7779       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
7780 	break;
7781       /* Fall through.  */
7782 
7783     case UNION_TYPE:
7784     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
7785       if (!TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t))
7786 	*walk_subtrees = 0;
7787       else if (for_each_template_parm (TI_ARGS (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t)),
7788 				       fn, data, pfd->visited,
7789 				       pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7790 	return error_mark_node;
7791       break;
7792 
7793     case INTEGER_TYPE:
7794       if (for_each_template_parm (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (t),
7795 				  fn, data, pfd->visited,
7796 				  pfd->include_nondeduced_p)
7797 	  || for_each_template_parm (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (t),
7798 				     fn, data, pfd->visited,
7799 				     pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7800 	return error_mark_node;
7801       break;
7802 
7803     case METHOD_TYPE:
7804       /* Since we're not going to walk subtrees, we have to do this
7805 	 explicitly here.  */
7806       if (for_each_template_parm (TYPE_METHOD_BASETYPE (t), fn, data,
7807 				  pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7808 	return error_mark_node;
7809       /* Fall through.  */
7810 
7811     case FUNCTION_TYPE:
7812       /* Check the return type.  */
7813       if (for_each_template_parm (TREE_TYPE (t), fn, data, pfd->visited,
7814 				  pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7815 	return error_mark_node;
7816 
7817       /* Check the parameter types.  Since default arguments are not
7818 	 instantiated until they are needed, the TYPE_ARG_TYPES may
7819 	 contain expressions that involve template parameters.  But,
7820 	 no-one should be looking at them yet.  And, once they're
7821 	 instantiated, they don't contain template parameters, so
7822 	 there's no point in looking at them then, either.  */
7823       {
7824 	tree parm;
7825 
7826 	for (parm = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t); parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm))
7827 	  if (for_each_template_parm (TREE_VALUE (parm), fn, data,
7828 				      pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7829 	    return error_mark_node;
7830 
7831 	/* Since we've already handled the TYPE_ARG_TYPES, we don't
7832 	   want walk_tree walking into them itself.  */
7833 	*walk_subtrees = 0;
7834       }
7835       break;
7836 
7837     case TYPEOF_TYPE:
7838     case UNDERLYING_TYPE:
7839       if (pfd->include_nondeduced_p
7840 	  && for_each_template_parm (TYPE_FIELDS (t), fn, data,
7841 				     pfd->visited,
7842 				     pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7843 	return error_mark_node;
7844       break;
7845 
7846     case FUNCTION_DECL:
7847     case VAR_DECL:
7848       if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (t) && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (t)
7849 	  && for_each_template_parm (DECL_TI_ARGS (t), fn, data,
7850 				     pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7851 	return error_mark_node;
7852       /* Fall through.  */
7853 
7854     case PARM_DECL:
7855     case CONST_DECL:
7856       if (TREE_CODE (t) == CONST_DECL && DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t)
7857 	  && for_each_template_parm (DECL_INITIAL (t), fn, data,
7858 				     pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7859 	return error_mark_node;
7860       if (DECL_CONTEXT (t)
7861 	  && pfd->include_nondeduced_p
7862 	  && for_each_template_parm (DECL_CONTEXT (t), fn, data,
7863 				     pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7864 	return error_mark_node;
7865       break;
7866 
7867     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
7868       /* Record template parameters such as `T' inside `TT<T>'.  */
7869       if (for_each_template_parm (TYPE_TI_ARGS (t), fn, data, pfd->visited,
7870 				  pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7871 	return error_mark_node;
7872       /* Fall through.  */
7873 
7874     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
7875     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
7876     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
7877       if (fn && (*fn)(t, data))
7878 	return error_mark_node;
7879       else if (!fn)
7880 	return error_mark_node;
7881       break;
7882 
7883     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
7884       /* A template template parameter is encountered.  */
7885       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t)
7886 	  && for_each_template_parm (TREE_TYPE (t), fn, data, pfd->visited,
7887 				     pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7888 	return error_mark_node;
7889 
7890       /* Already substituted template template parameter */
7891       *walk_subtrees = 0;
7892       break;
7893 
7894     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
7895       if (!fn
7896 	  || for_each_template_parm (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t), fn,
7897 				     data, pfd->visited,
7898 				     pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7899 	return error_mark_node;
7900       break;
7901 
7902     case CONSTRUCTOR:
7903       if (TREE_TYPE (t) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (t))
7904 	  && pfd->include_nondeduced_p
7905 	  && for_each_template_parm (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE
7906 				     (TREE_TYPE (t)), fn, data,
7907 				     pfd->visited, pfd->include_nondeduced_p))
7908 	return error_mark_node;
7909       break;
7910 
7911     case INDIRECT_REF:
7912     case COMPONENT_REF:
7913       /* If there's no type, then this thing must be some expression
7914 	 involving template parameters.  */
7915       if (!fn && !TREE_TYPE (t))
7916 	return error_mark_node;
7917       break;
7918 
7919     case MODOP_EXPR:
7920     case CAST_EXPR:
7921     case IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR:
7922     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
7923     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
7924     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
7925     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
7926     case ARROW_EXPR:
7927     case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
7928     case TYPEID_EXPR:
7929     case PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR:
7930       if (!fn)
7931 	return error_mark_node;
7932       break;
7933 
7934     default:
7935       break;
7936     }
7937 
7938   /* We didn't find any template parameters we liked.  */
7939   return NULL_TREE;
7940 }
7941 
7942 /* For each TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM, TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM,
7943    BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM or TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX in T,
7944    call FN with the parameter and the DATA.
7945    If FN returns nonzero, the iteration is terminated, and
7946    for_each_template_parm returns 1.  Otherwise, the iteration
7947    continues.  If FN never returns a nonzero value, the value
7948    returned by for_each_template_parm is 0.  If FN is NULL, it is
7949    considered to be the function which always returns 1.
7950 
7951    If INCLUDE_NONDEDUCED_P, then this routine will also visit template
7952    parameters that occur in non-deduced contexts.  When false, only
7953    visits those template parameters that can be deduced.  */
7954 
7955 static int
7956 for_each_template_parm (tree t, tree_fn_t fn, void* data,
7957 			struct pointer_set_t *visited,
7958 			bool include_nondeduced_p)
7959 {
7960   struct pair_fn_data pfd;
7961   int result;
7962 
7963   /* Set up.  */
7964   pfd.fn = fn;
7965   pfd.data = data;
7966   pfd.include_nondeduced_p = include_nondeduced_p;
7967 
7968   /* Walk the tree.  (Conceptually, we would like to walk without
7969      duplicates, but for_each_template_parm_r recursively calls
7970      for_each_template_parm, so we would need to reorganize a fair
7971      bit to use walk_tree_without_duplicates, so we keep our own
7972      visited list.)  */
7973   if (visited)
7974     pfd.visited = visited;
7975   else
7976     pfd.visited = pointer_set_create ();
7977   result = cp_walk_tree (&t,
7978 		         for_each_template_parm_r,
7979 		         &pfd,
7980 		         pfd.visited) != NULL_TREE;
7981 
7982   /* Clean up.  */
7983   if (!visited)
7984     {
7985       pointer_set_destroy (pfd.visited);
7986       pfd.visited = 0;
7987     }
7988 
7989   return result;
7990 }
7991 
7992 /* Returns true if T depends on any template parameter.  */
7993 
7994 int
7995 uses_template_parms (tree t)
7996 {
7997   bool dependent_p;
7998   int saved_processing_template_decl;
7999 
8000   saved_processing_template_decl = processing_template_decl;
8001   if (!saved_processing_template_decl)
8002     processing_template_decl = 1;
8003   if (TYPE_P (t))
8004     dependent_p = dependent_type_p (t);
8005   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == TREE_VEC)
8006     dependent_p = any_dependent_template_arguments_p (t);
8007   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == TREE_LIST)
8008     dependent_p = (uses_template_parms (TREE_VALUE (t))
8009 		   || uses_template_parms (TREE_CHAIN (t)));
8010   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL)
8011     dependent_p = dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t));
8012   else if (DECL_P (t)
8013 	   || EXPR_P (t)
8014 	   || TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX
8015 	   || TREE_CODE (t) == OVERLOAD
8016 	   || BASELINK_P (t)
8017 	   || TREE_CODE (t) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
8018 	   || TREE_CODE (t) == TRAIT_EXPR
8019 	   || TREE_CODE (t) == CONSTRUCTOR
8020 	   || CONSTANT_CLASS_P (t))
8021     dependent_p = (type_dependent_expression_p (t)
8022 		   || value_dependent_expression_p (t));
8023   else
8024     {
8025       gcc_assert (t == error_mark_node);
8026       dependent_p = false;
8027     }
8028 
8029   processing_template_decl = saved_processing_template_decl;
8030 
8031   return dependent_p;
8032 }
8033 
8034 /* Returns true if T depends on any template parameter with level LEVEL.  */
8035 
8036 int
8037 uses_template_parms_level (tree t, int level)
8038 {
8039   return for_each_template_parm (t, template_parm_this_level_p, &level, NULL,
8040 				 /*include_nondeduced_p=*/true);
8041 }
8042 
8043 /* Returns TRUE iff INST is an instantiation we don't need to do in an
8044    ill-formed translation unit, i.e. a variable or function that isn't
8045    usable in a constant expression.  */
8046 
8047 static inline bool
8048 neglectable_inst_p (tree d)
8049 {
8050   return (DECL_P (d)
8051 	  && !(TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL ? DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (d)
8052 	       : decl_maybe_constant_var_p (d)));
8053 }
8054 
8055 /* Returns TRUE iff we should refuse to instantiate DECL because it's
8056    neglectable and instantiated from within an erroneous instantiation.  */
8057 
8058 static bool
8059 limit_bad_template_recursion (tree decl)
8060 {
8061   struct tinst_level *lev = current_tinst_level;
8062   int errs = errorcount + sorrycount;
8063   if (lev == NULL || errs == 0 || !neglectable_inst_p (decl))
8064     return false;
8065 
8066   for (; lev; lev = lev->next)
8067     if (neglectable_inst_p (lev->decl))
8068       break;
8069 
8070   return (lev && errs > lev->errors);
8071 }
8072 
8073 static int tinst_depth;
8074 extern int max_tinst_depth;
8075 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
8076 int depth_reached;
8077 #endif
8078 static GTY(()) struct tinst_level *last_error_tinst_level;
8079 
8080 /* We're starting to instantiate D; record the template instantiation context
8081    for diagnostics and to restore it later.  */
8082 
8083 int
8084 push_tinst_level (tree d)
8085 {
8086   struct tinst_level *new_level;
8087 
8088   if (tinst_depth >= max_tinst_depth)
8089     {
8090       last_error_tinst_level = current_tinst_level;
8091       if (TREE_CODE (d) == TREE_LIST)
8092 	error ("template instantiation depth exceeds maximum of %d (use "
8093 	       "-ftemplate-depth= to increase the maximum) substituting %qS",
8094 	       max_tinst_depth, d);
8095       else
8096 	error ("template instantiation depth exceeds maximum of %d (use "
8097 	       "-ftemplate-depth= to increase the maximum) instantiating %qD",
8098 	       max_tinst_depth, d);
8099 
8100       print_instantiation_context ();
8101 
8102       return 0;
8103     }
8104 
8105   /* If the current instantiation caused problems, don't let it instantiate
8106      anything else.  Do allow deduction substitution and decls usable in
8107      constant expressions.  */
8108   if (limit_bad_template_recursion (d))
8109     return 0;
8110 
8111   new_level = ggc_alloc_tinst_level ();
8112   new_level->decl = d;
8113   new_level->locus = input_location;
8114   new_level->errors = errorcount+sorrycount;
8115   new_level->in_system_header_p = in_system_header;
8116   new_level->next = current_tinst_level;
8117   current_tinst_level = new_level;
8118 
8119   ++tinst_depth;
8120 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
8121   if (tinst_depth > depth_reached)
8122     depth_reached = tinst_depth;
8123 #endif
8124 
8125   return 1;
8126 }
8127 
8128 /* We're done instantiating this template; return to the instantiation
8129    context.  */
8130 
8131 void
8132 pop_tinst_level (void)
8133 {
8134   /* Restore the filename and line number stashed away when we started
8135      this instantiation.  */
8136   input_location = current_tinst_level->locus;
8137   current_tinst_level = current_tinst_level->next;
8138   --tinst_depth;
8139 }
8140 
8141 /* We're instantiating a deferred template; restore the template
8142    instantiation context in which the instantiation was requested, which
8143    is one step out from LEVEL.  Return the corresponding DECL or TYPE.  */
8144 
8145 static tree
8146 reopen_tinst_level (struct tinst_level *level)
8147 {
8148   struct tinst_level *t;
8149 
8150   tinst_depth = 0;
8151   for (t = level; t; t = t->next)
8152     ++tinst_depth;
8153 
8154   current_tinst_level = level;
8155   pop_tinst_level ();
8156   if (current_tinst_level)
8157     current_tinst_level->errors = errorcount+sorrycount;
8158   return level->decl;
8159 }
8160 
8161 /* Returns the TINST_LEVEL which gives the original instantiation
8162    context.  */
8163 
8164 struct tinst_level *
8165 outermost_tinst_level (void)
8166 {
8167   struct tinst_level *level = current_tinst_level;
8168   if (level)
8169     while (level->next)
8170       level = level->next;
8171   return level;
8172 }
8173 
8174 /* Returns TRUE if PARM is a parameter of the template TEMPL.  */
8175 
8176 bool
8177 parameter_of_template_p (tree parm, tree templ)
8178 {
8179   tree parms;
8180   int i;
8181 
8182   if (!parm || !templ)
8183     return false;
8184 
8185   gcc_assert (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (parm));
8186   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (templ) == TEMPLATE_DECL);
8187 
8188   parms = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (templ);
8189   parms = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (parms);
8190 
8191   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms); ++i)
8192     {
8193       tree p = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i));
8194       if (p == error_mark_node)
8195 	continue;
8196 
8197       if (parm == p
8198 	  || (DECL_INITIAL (parm)
8199 	      && DECL_INITIAL (parm) == DECL_INITIAL (p)))
8200 	return true;
8201     }
8202 
8203   return false;
8204 }
8205 
8206 /* DECL is a friend FUNCTION_DECL or TEMPLATE_DECL.  ARGS is the
8207    vector of template arguments, as for tsubst.
8208 
8209    Returns an appropriate tsubst'd friend declaration.  */
8210 
8211 static tree
8212 tsubst_friend_function (tree decl, tree args)
8213 {
8214   tree new_friend;
8215 
8216   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
8217       && DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl)
8218       && TREE_CODE (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl)) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
8219     /* This was a friend declared with an explicit template
8220        argument list, e.g.:
8221 
8222        friend void f<>(T);
8223 
8224        to indicate that f was a template instantiation, not a new
8225        function declaration.  Now, we have to figure out what
8226        instantiation of what template.  */
8227     {
8228       tree template_id, arglist, fns;
8229       tree new_args;
8230       tree tmpl;
8231       tree ns = decl_namespace_context (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (current_class_type));
8232 
8233       /* Friend functions are looked up in the containing namespace scope.
8234 	 We must enter that scope, to avoid finding member functions of the
8235 	 current class with same name.  */
8236       push_nested_namespace (ns);
8237       fns = tsubst_expr (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl), args,
8238 			 tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
8239 			 /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
8240       pop_nested_namespace (ns);
8241       arglist = tsubst (DECL_TI_ARGS (decl), args,
8242 			tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
8243       template_id = lookup_template_function (fns, arglist);
8244 
8245       new_friend = tsubst (decl, args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
8246       tmpl = determine_specialization (template_id, new_friend,
8247 				       &new_args,
8248 				       /*need_member_template=*/0,
8249 				       TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args),
8250 				       tsk_none);
8251       return instantiate_template (tmpl, new_args, tf_error);
8252     }
8253 
8254   new_friend = tsubst (decl, args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
8255 
8256   /* The NEW_FRIEND will look like an instantiation, to the
8257      compiler, but is not an instantiation from the point of view of
8258      the language.  For example, we might have had:
8259 
8260      template <class T> struct S {
8261        template <class U> friend void f(T, U);
8262      };
8263 
8264      Then, in S<int>, template <class U> void f(int, U) is not an
8265      instantiation of anything.  */
8266   if (new_friend == error_mark_node)
8267     return error_mark_node;
8268 
8269   DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (new_friend) = 0;
8270   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
8271     {
8272       DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (new_friend)) = 0;
8273       DECL_SAVED_TREE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (new_friend))
8274 	= DECL_SAVED_TREE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (decl));
8275     }
8276 
8277   /* The mangled name for the NEW_FRIEND is incorrect.  The function
8278      is not a template instantiation and should not be mangled like
8279      one.  Therefore, we forget the mangling here; we'll recompute it
8280      later if we need it.  */
8281   if (TREE_CODE (new_friend) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
8282     {
8283       SET_DECL_RTL (new_friend, NULL);
8284       SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (new_friend, NULL_TREE);
8285     }
8286 
8287   if (DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (new_friend))
8288     {
8289       tree old_decl;
8290       tree new_friend_template_info;
8291       tree new_friend_result_template_info;
8292       tree ns;
8293       int  new_friend_is_defn;
8294 
8295       /* We must save some information from NEW_FRIEND before calling
8296 	 duplicate decls since that function will free NEW_FRIEND if
8297 	 possible.  */
8298       new_friend_template_info = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (new_friend);
8299       new_friend_is_defn =
8300 	    (DECL_INITIAL (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT
8301 			   (template_for_substitution (new_friend)))
8302 	     != NULL_TREE);
8303       if (TREE_CODE (new_friend) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
8304 	{
8305 	  /* This declaration is a `primary' template.  */
8306 	  DECL_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE (new_friend) = new_friend;
8307 
8308 	  new_friend_result_template_info
8309 	    = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (new_friend));
8310 	}
8311       else
8312 	new_friend_result_template_info = NULL_TREE;
8313 
8314       /* Make the init_value nonzero so pushdecl knows this is a defn.  */
8315       if (new_friend_is_defn)
8316 	DECL_INITIAL (new_friend) = error_mark_node;
8317 
8318       /* Inside pushdecl_namespace_level, we will push into the
8319 	 current namespace. However, the friend function should go
8320 	 into the namespace of the template.  */
8321       ns = decl_namespace_context (new_friend);
8322       push_nested_namespace (ns);
8323       old_decl = pushdecl_namespace_level (new_friend, /*is_friend=*/true);
8324       pop_nested_namespace (ns);
8325 
8326       if (old_decl == error_mark_node)
8327 	return error_mark_node;
8328 
8329       if (old_decl != new_friend)
8330 	{
8331 	  /* This new friend declaration matched an existing
8332 	     declaration.  For example, given:
8333 
8334 	       template <class T> void f(T);
8335 	       template <class U> class C {
8336 		 template <class T> friend void f(T) {}
8337 	       };
8338 
8339 	     the friend declaration actually provides the definition
8340 	     of `f', once C has been instantiated for some type.  So,
8341 	     old_decl will be the out-of-class template declaration,
8342 	     while new_friend is the in-class definition.
8343 
8344 	     But, if `f' was called before this point, the
8345 	     instantiation of `f' will have DECL_TI_ARGS corresponding
8346 	     to `T' but not to `U', references to which might appear
8347 	     in the definition of `f'.  Previously, the most general
8348 	     template for an instantiation of `f' was the out-of-class
8349 	     version; now it is the in-class version.  Therefore, we
8350 	     run through all specialization of `f', adding to their
8351 	     DECL_TI_ARGS appropriately.  In particular, they need a
8352 	     new set of outer arguments, corresponding to the
8353 	     arguments for this class instantiation.
8354 
8355 	     The same situation can arise with something like this:
8356 
8357 	       friend void f(int);
8358 	       template <class T> class C {
8359 		 friend void f(T) {}
8360 	       };
8361 
8362 	     when `C<int>' is instantiated.  Now, `f(int)' is defined
8363 	     in the class.  */
8364 
8365 	  if (!new_friend_is_defn)
8366 	    /* On the other hand, if the in-class declaration does
8367 	       *not* provide a definition, then we don't want to alter
8368 	       existing definitions.  We can just leave everything
8369 	       alone.  */
8370 	    ;
8371 	  else
8372 	    {
8373 	      tree new_template = TI_TEMPLATE (new_friend_template_info);
8374 	      tree new_args = TI_ARGS (new_friend_template_info);
8375 
8376 	      /* Overwrite whatever template info was there before, if
8377 		 any, with the new template information pertaining to
8378 		 the declaration.  */
8379 	      DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (old_decl) = new_friend_template_info;
8380 
8381 	      if (TREE_CODE (old_decl) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
8382 		{
8383 		  /* We should have called reregister_specialization in
8384 		     duplicate_decls.  */
8385 		  gcc_assert (retrieve_specialization (new_template,
8386 						       new_args, 0)
8387 			      == old_decl);
8388 
8389 		  /* Instantiate it if the global has already been used.  */
8390 		  if (DECL_ODR_USED (old_decl))
8391 		    instantiate_decl (old_decl, /*defer_ok=*/true,
8392 				      /*expl_inst_class_mem_p=*/false);
8393 		}
8394 	      else
8395 		{
8396 		  tree t;
8397 
8398 		  /* Indicate that the old function template is a partial
8399 		     instantiation.  */
8400 		  DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (old_decl))
8401 		    = new_friend_result_template_info;
8402 
8403 		  gcc_assert (new_template
8404 			      == most_general_template (new_template));
8405 		  gcc_assert (new_template != old_decl);
8406 
8407 		  /* Reassign any specializations already in the hash table
8408 		     to the new more general template, and add the
8409 		     additional template args.  */
8410 		  for (t = DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (old_decl);
8411 		       t != NULL_TREE;
8412 		       t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
8413 		    {
8414 		      tree spec = TREE_VALUE (t);
8415 		      spec_entry elt;
8416 
8417 		      elt.tmpl = old_decl;
8418 		      elt.args = DECL_TI_ARGS (spec);
8419 		      elt.spec = NULL_TREE;
8420 
8421 		      htab_remove_elt (decl_specializations, &elt);
8422 
8423 		      DECL_TI_ARGS (spec)
8424 			= add_outermost_template_args (new_args,
8425 						       DECL_TI_ARGS (spec));
8426 
8427 		      register_specialization
8428 			(spec, new_template, DECL_TI_ARGS (spec), true, 0);
8429 
8430 		    }
8431 		  DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (old_decl) = NULL_TREE;
8432 		}
8433 	    }
8434 
8435 	  /* The information from NEW_FRIEND has been merged into OLD_DECL
8436 	     by duplicate_decls.  */
8437 	  new_friend = old_decl;
8438 	}
8439     }
8440   else
8441     {
8442       tree context = DECL_CONTEXT (new_friend);
8443       bool dependent_p;
8444 
8445       /* In the code
8446 	   template <class T> class C {
8447 	     template <class U> friend void C1<U>::f (); // case 1
8448 	     friend void C2<T>::f ();			 // case 2
8449 	   };
8450 	 we only need to make sure CONTEXT is a complete type for
8451 	 case 2.  To distinguish between the two cases, we note that
8452 	 CONTEXT of case 1 remains dependent type after tsubst while
8453 	 this isn't true for case 2.  */
8454       ++processing_template_decl;
8455       dependent_p = dependent_type_p (context);
8456       --processing_template_decl;
8457 
8458       if (!dependent_p
8459 	  && !complete_type_or_else (context, NULL_TREE))
8460 	return error_mark_node;
8461 
8462       if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (context))
8463 	{
8464 	  /* Check to see that the declaration is really present, and,
8465 	     possibly obtain an improved declaration.  */
8466 	  tree fn = check_classfn (context,
8467 				   new_friend, NULL_TREE);
8468 
8469 	  if (fn)
8470 	    new_friend = fn;
8471 	}
8472     }
8473 
8474   return new_friend;
8475 }
8476 
8477 /* FRIEND_TMPL is a friend TEMPLATE_DECL.  ARGS is the vector of
8478    template arguments, as for tsubst.
8479 
8480    Returns an appropriate tsubst'd friend type or error_mark_node on
8481    failure.  */
8482 
8483 static tree
8484 tsubst_friend_class (tree friend_tmpl, tree args)
8485 {
8486   tree friend_type;
8487   tree tmpl;
8488   tree context;
8489 
8490   context = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (friend_tmpl);
8491 
8492   if (context != global_namespace)
8493     {
8494       if (TREE_CODE (context) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
8495 	push_nested_namespace (context);
8496       else
8497 	push_nested_class (tsubst (context, args, tf_none, NULL_TREE));
8498     }
8499 
8500   /* Look for a class template declaration.  We look for hidden names
8501      because two friend declarations of the same template are the
8502      same.  For example, in:
8503 
8504        struct A {
8505          template <typename> friend class F;
8506        };
8507        template <typename> struct B {
8508          template <typename> friend class F;
8509        };
8510 
8511      both F templates are the same.  */
8512   tmpl = lookup_name_real (DECL_NAME (friend_tmpl), 0, 0,
8513 			   /*block_p=*/true, 0,
8514 			   LOOKUP_COMPLAIN | LOOKUP_HIDDEN);
8515 
8516   /* But, if we don't find one, it might be because we're in a
8517      situation like this:
8518 
8519        template <class T>
8520        struct S {
8521 	 template <class U>
8522 	 friend struct S;
8523        };
8524 
8525      Here, in the scope of (say) S<int>, `S' is bound to a TYPE_DECL
8526      for `S<int>', not the TEMPLATE_DECL.  */
8527   if (!tmpl || !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
8528     {
8529       tmpl = lookup_name_prefer_type (DECL_NAME (friend_tmpl), 1);
8530       tmpl = maybe_get_template_decl_from_type_decl (tmpl);
8531     }
8532 
8533   if (tmpl && DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
8534     {
8535       /* The friend template has already been declared.  Just
8536 	 check to see that the declarations match, and install any new
8537 	 default parameters.  We must tsubst the default parameters,
8538 	 of course.  We only need the innermost template parameters
8539 	 because that is all that redeclare_class_template will look
8540 	 at.  */
8541       if (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (friend_tmpl))
8542 	  > TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args))
8543 	{
8544 	  tree parms;
8545           location_t saved_input_location;
8546 	  parms = tsubst_template_parms (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (friend_tmpl),
8547 					 args, tf_warning_or_error);
8548 
8549           saved_input_location = input_location;
8550           input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (friend_tmpl);
8551 	  redeclare_class_template (TREE_TYPE (tmpl), parms);
8552           input_location = saved_input_location;
8553 
8554 	}
8555 
8556       friend_type = TREE_TYPE (tmpl);
8557     }
8558   else
8559     {
8560       /* The friend template has not already been declared.  In this
8561 	 case, the instantiation of the template class will cause the
8562 	 injection of this template into the global scope.  */
8563       tmpl = tsubst (friend_tmpl, args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
8564       if (tmpl == error_mark_node)
8565 	return error_mark_node;
8566 
8567       /* The new TMPL is not an instantiation of anything, so we
8568 	 forget its origins.  We don't reset CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE for
8569 	 the new type because that is supposed to be the corresponding
8570 	 template decl, i.e., TMPL.  */
8571       DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (tmpl) = 0;
8572       DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (tmpl) = NULL_TREE;
8573       CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (tmpl)) = 0;
8574       CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (tmpl))
8575 	= INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (tmpl)));
8576 
8577       /* Inject this template into the global scope.  */
8578       friend_type = TREE_TYPE (pushdecl_top_level_maybe_friend (tmpl, true));
8579     }
8580 
8581   if (context != global_namespace)
8582     {
8583       if (TREE_CODE (context) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
8584 	pop_nested_namespace (context);
8585       else
8586 	pop_nested_class ();
8587     }
8588 
8589   return friend_type;
8590 }
8591 
8592 /* Returns zero if TYPE cannot be completed later due to circularity.
8593    Otherwise returns one.  */
8594 
8595 static int
8596 can_complete_type_without_circularity (tree type)
8597 {
8598   if (type == NULL_TREE || type == error_mark_node)
8599     return 0;
8600   else if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
8601     return 1;
8602   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
8603     return can_complete_type_without_circularity (TREE_TYPE (type));
8604   else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type)
8605 	   && TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type)))
8606     return 0;
8607   else
8608     return 1;
8609 }
8610 
8611 /* Apply any attributes which had to be deferred until instantiation
8612    time.  DECL_P, ATTRIBUTES and ATTR_FLAGS are as cplus_decl_attributes;
8613    ARGS, COMPLAIN, IN_DECL are as tsubst.  */
8614 
8615 static void
8616 apply_late_template_attributes (tree *decl_p, tree attributes, int attr_flags,
8617 				tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
8618 {
8619   tree last_dep = NULL_TREE;
8620   tree t;
8621   tree *p;
8622 
8623   for (t = attributes; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
8624     if (ATTR_IS_DEPENDENT (t))
8625       {
8626 	last_dep = t;
8627 	attributes = copy_list (attributes);
8628 	break;
8629       }
8630 
8631   if (DECL_P (*decl_p))
8632     {
8633       if (TREE_TYPE (*decl_p) == error_mark_node)
8634 	return;
8635       p = &DECL_ATTRIBUTES (*decl_p);
8636     }
8637   else
8638     p = &TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (*decl_p);
8639 
8640   if (last_dep)
8641     {
8642       tree late_attrs = NULL_TREE;
8643       tree *q = &late_attrs;
8644 
8645       for (*p = attributes; *p; )
8646 	{
8647 	  t = *p;
8648 	  if (ATTR_IS_DEPENDENT (t))
8649 	    {
8650 	      *p = TREE_CHAIN (t);
8651 	      TREE_CHAIN (t) = NULL_TREE;
8652 	      /* If the first attribute argument is an identifier, don't
8653 		 pass it through tsubst.  Attributes like mode, format,
8654 		 cleanup and several target specific attributes expect it
8655 		 unmodified.  */
8656 	      if (TREE_VALUE (t)
8657 		  && TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (t)) == TREE_LIST
8658 		  && TREE_VALUE (TREE_VALUE (t))
8659 		  && (TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (TREE_VALUE (t)))
8660 		      == IDENTIFIER_NODE))
8661 		{
8662 		  tree chain
8663 		    = tsubst_expr (TREE_CHAIN (TREE_VALUE (t)), args, complain,
8664 				   in_decl,
8665 				   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
8666 		  if (chain != TREE_CHAIN (TREE_VALUE (t)))
8667 		    TREE_VALUE (t)
8668 		      = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_VALUE (TREE_VALUE (t)),
8669 				   chain);
8670 		}
8671 	      else
8672 		TREE_VALUE (t)
8673 		  = tsubst_expr (TREE_VALUE (t), args, complain, in_decl,
8674 				 /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
8675 	      *q = t;
8676 	      q = &TREE_CHAIN (t);
8677 	    }
8678 	  else
8679 	    p = &TREE_CHAIN (t);
8680 	}
8681 
8682       cplus_decl_attributes (decl_p, late_attrs, attr_flags);
8683     }
8684 }
8685 
8686 /* Perform (or defer) access check for typedefs that were referenced
8687    from within the template TMPL code.
8688    This is a subroutine of instantiate_template and instantiate_class_template.
8689    TMPL is the template to consider and TARGS is the list of arguments of
8690    that template.  */
8691 
8692 static void
8693 perform_typedefs_access_check (tree tmpl, tree targs)
8694 {
8695   location_t saved_location;
8696   int i;
8697   qualified_typedef_usage_t *iter;
8698 
8699   if (!tmpl
8700       || (!CLASS_TYPE_P (tmpl)
8701 	  && TREE_CODE (tmpl) != FUNCTION_DECL))
8702     return;
8703 
8704   saved_location = input_location;
8705   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (qualified_typedef_usage_t,
8706 		    get_types_needing_access_check (tmpl),
8707 		    i, iter)
8708     {
8709       tree type_decl = iter->typedef_decl;
8710       tree type_scope = iter->context;
8711 
8712       if (!type_decl || !type_scope || !CLASS_TYPE_P (type_scope))
8713 	continue;
8714 
8715       if (uses_template_parms (type_decl))
8716 	type_decl = tsubst (type_decl, targs, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8717       if (uses_template_parms (type_scope))
8718 	type_scope = tsubst (type_scope, targs, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8719 
8720       /* Make access check error messages point to the location
8721          of the use of the typedef.  */
8722       input_location = iter->locus;
8723       perform_or_defer_access_check (TYPE_BINFO (type_scope),
8724 				     type_decl, type_decl);
8725     }
8726     input_location = saved_location;
8727 }
8728 
8729 static tree
8730 instantiate_class_template_1 (tree type)
8731 {
8732   tree templ, args, pattern, t, member;
8733   tree typedecl;
8734   tree pbinfo;
8735   tree base_list;
8736   unsigned int saved_maximum_field_alignment;
8737   tree fn_context;
8738 
8739   if (type == error_mark_node)
8740     return error_mark_node;
8741 
8742   if (COMPLETE_OR_OPEN_TYPE_P (type)
8743       || uses_template_parms (type))
8744     return type;
8745 
8746   /* Figure out which template is being instantiated.  */
8747   templ = most_general_template (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (type));
8748   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (templ) == TEMPLATE_DECL);
8749 
8750   /* Determine what specialization of the original template to
8751      instantiate.  */
8752   t = most_specialized_class (type, templ, tf_warning_or_error);
8753   if (t == error_mark_node)
8754     {
8755       TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type) = 1;
8756       return error_mark_node;
8757     }
8758   else if (t)
8759     {
8760       /* This TYPE is actually an instantiation of a partial
8761 	 specialization.  We replace the innermost set of ARGS with
8762 	 the arguments appropriate for substitution.  For example,
8763 	 given:
8764 
8765 	   template <class T> struct S {};
8766 	   template <class T> struct S<T*> {};
8767 
8768 	 and supposing that we are instantiating S<int*>, ARGS will
8769 	 presently be {int*} -- but we need {int}.  */
8770       pattern = TREE_TYPE (t);
8771       args = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
8772     }
8773   else
8774     {
8775       pattern = TREE_TYPE (templ);
8776       args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type);
8777     }
8778 
8779   /* If the template we're instantiating is incomplete, then clearly
8780      there's nothing we can do.  */
8781   if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (pattern))
8782     return type;
8783 
8784   /* If we've recursively instantiated too many templates, stop.  */
8785   if (! push_tinst_level (type))
8786     return type;
8787 
8788   /* Now we're really doing the instantiation.  Mark the type as in
8789      the process of being defined.  */
8790   TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type) = 1;
8791 
8792   /* We may be in the middle of deferred access check.  Disable
8793      it now.  */
8794   push_deferring_access_checks (dk_no_deferred);
8795 
8796   fn_context = decl_function_context (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type));
8797   if (!fn_context)
8798     push_to_top_level ();
8799   /* Use #pragma pack from the template context.  */
8800   saved_maximum_field_alignment = maximum_field_alignment;
8801   maximum_field_alignment = TYPE_PRECISION (pattern);
8802 
8803   SET_CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_UNKNOWN (type);
8804 
8805   /* Set the input location to the most specialized template definition.
8806      This is needed if tsubsting causes an error.  */
8807   typedecl = TYPE_MAIN_DECL (pattern);
8808   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_NAME (type)) =
8809     DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (typedecl);
8810 
8811   TYPE_PACKED (type) = TYPE_PACKED (pattern);
8812   TYPE_ALIGN (type) = TYPE_ALIGN (pattern);
8813   TYPE_USER_ALIGN (type) = TYPE_USER_ALIGN (pattern);
8814   TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type) = TYPE_FOR_JAVA (pattern); /* For libjava's JArray<T> */
8815   if (ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (pattern))
8816     SET_ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (type);
8817   if (CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (pattern))
8818     {
8819       CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (type) = 1;
8820       CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY (type) = CLASSTYPE_VISIBILITY (pattern);
8821       /* Adjust visibility for template arguments.  */
8822       determine_visibility (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type));
8823     }
8824   CLASSTYPE_FINAL (type) = CLASSTYPE_FINAL (pattern);
8825 
8826   pbinfo = TYPE_BINFO (pattern);
8827 
8828   /* We should never instantiate a nested class before its enclosing
8829      class; we need to look up the nested class by name before we can
8830      instantiate it, and that lookup should instantiate the enclosing
8831      class.  */
8832   gcc_assert (!DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (pattern))
8833 	      || COMPLETE_OR_OPEN_TYPE_P (TYPE_CONTEXT (type)));
8834 
8835   base_list = NULL_TREE;
8836   if (BINFO_N_BASE_BINFOS (pbinfo))
8837     {
8838       tree pbase_binfo;
8839       tree pushed_scope;
8840       int i;
8841 
8842       /* We must enter the scope containing the type, as that is where
8843 	 the accessibility of types named in dependent bases are
8844 	 looked up from.  */
8845       pushed_scope = push_scope (CP_TYPE_CONTEXT (type));
8846 
8847       /* Substitute into each of the bases to determine the actual
8848 	 basetypes.  */
8849       for (i = 0; BINFO_BASE_ITERATE (pbinfo, i, pbase_binfo); i++)
8850 	{
8851 	  tree base;
8852 	  tree access = BINFO_BASE_ACCESS (pbinfo, i);
8853           tree expanded_bases = NULL_TREE;
8854           int idx, len = 1;
8855 
8856           if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (BINFO_TYPE (pbase_binfo)))
8857             {
8858               expanded_bases =
8859 		tsubst_pack_expansion (BINFO_TYPE (pbase_binfo),
8860 				       args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8861               if (expanded_bases == error_mark_node)
8862                 continue;
8863 
8864               len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_bases);
8865             }
8866 
8867           for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
8868             {
8869               if (expanded_bases)
8870                 /* Extract the already-expanded base class.  */
8871                 base = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_bases, idx);
8872               else
8873                 /* Substitute to figure out the base class.  */
8874                 base = tsubst (BINFO_TYPE (pbase_binfo), args, tf_error,
8875                                NULL_TREE);
8876 
8877               if (base == error_mark_node)
8878                 continue;
8879 
8880               base_list = tree_cons (access, base, base_list);
8881               if (BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (pbase_binfo))
8882                 TREE_TYPE (base_list) = integer_type_node;
8883             }
8884 	}
8885 
8886       /* The list is now in reverse order; correct that.  */
8887       base_list = nreverse (base_list);
8888 
8889       if (pushed_scope)
8890 	pop_scope (pushed_scope);
8891     }
8892   /* Now call xref_basetypes to set up all the base-class
8893      information.  */
8894   xref_basetypes (type, base_list);
8895 
8896   apply_late_template_attributes (&type, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (pattern),
8897 				  (int) ATTR_FLAG_TYPE_IN_PLACE,
8898 				  args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8899   fixup_attribute_variants (type);
8900 
8901   /* Now that our base classes are set up, enter the scope of the
8902      class, so that name lookups into base classes, etc. will work
8903      correctly.  This is precisely analogous to what we do in
8904      begin_class_definition when defining an ordinary non-template
8905      class, except we also need to push the enclosing classes.  */
8906   push_nested_class (type);
8907 
8908   /* Now members are processed in the order of declaration.  */
8909   for (member = CLASSTYPE_DECL_LIST (pattern);
8910        member; member = TREE_CHAIN (member))
8911     {
8912       tree t = TREE_VALUE (member);
8913 
8914       if (TREE_PURPOSE (member))
8915 	{
8916 	  if (TYPE_P (t))
8917 	    {
8918 	      /* Build new CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS.  */
8919 
8920 	      tree newtag;
8921 	      bool class_template_p;
8922 
8923 	      class_template_p = (TREE_CODE (t) != ENUMERAL_TYPE
8924 				  && TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (t)
8925 				  && CLASSTYPE_IS_TEMPLATE (t));
8926 	      /* If the member is a class template, then -- even after
8927 		 substitution -- there may be dependent types in the
8928 		 template argument list for the class.  We increment
8929 		 PROCESSING_TEMPLATE_DECL so that dependent_type_p, as
8930 		 that function will assume that no types are dependent
8931 		 when outside of a template.  */
8932 	      if (class_template_p)
8933 		++processing_template_decl;
8934 	      newtag = tsubst (t, args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8935 	      if (class_template_p)
8936 		--processing_template_decl;
8937 	      if (newtag == error_mark_node)
8938 		continue;
8939 
8940 	      if (TREE_CODE (newtag) != ENUMERAL_TYPE)
8941 		{
8942 		  tree name = TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t);
8943 
8944 		  if (class_template_p)
8945 		    /* Unfortunately, lookup_template_class sets
8946 		       CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION for a partial
8947 		       instantiation (i.e., for the type of a member
8948 		       template class nested within a template class.)
8949 		       This behavior is required for
8950 		       maybe_process_partial_specialization to work
8951 		       correctly, but is not accurate in this case;
8952 		       the TAG is not an instantiation of anything.
8953 		       (The corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL is an
8954 		       instantiation, but the TYPE is not.) */
8955 		    CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (newtag) = 0;
8956 
8957 		  /* Now, we call pushtag to put this NEWTAG into the scope of
8958 		     TYPE.  We first set up the IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE to avoid
8959 		     pushtag calling push_template_decl.  We don't have to do
8960 		     this for enums because it will already have been done in
8961 		     tsubst_enum.  */
8962 		  if (name)
8963 		    SET_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE (name, newtag);
8964 		  pushtag (name, newtag, /*tag_scope=*/ts_current);
8965 		}
8966 	    }
8967 	  else if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL
8968 		   || DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_P (t))
8969 	    {
8970 	      /* Build new TYPE_METHODS.  */
8971 	      tree r;
8972 
8973 	      if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
8974 		++processing_template_decl;
8975 	      r = tsubst (t, args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
8976 	      if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
8977 		--processing_template_decl;
8978 	      set_current_access_from_decl (r);
8979 	      finish_member_declaration (r);
8980 	      /* Instantiate members marked with attribute used.  */
8981 	      if (r != error_mark_node && DECL_PRESERVE_P (r))
8982 		mark_used (r);
8983 	    }
8984 	  else
8985 	    {
8986 	      /* Build new TYPE_FIELDS.  */
8987               if (TREE_CODE (t) == STATIC_ASSERT)
8988                 {
8989                   tree condition =
8990                     tsubst_expr (STATIC_ASSERT_CONDITION (t), args,
8991                                  tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
8992                                  /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
8993                   finish_static_assert (condition,
8994                                         STATIC_ASSERT_MESSAGE (t),
8995                                         STATIC_ASSERT_SOURCE_LOCATION (t),
8996                                         /*member_p=*/true);
8997                 }
8998 	      else if (TREE_CODE (t) != CONST_DECL)
8999 		{
9000 		  tree r;
9001 
9002 		  /* The file and line for this declaration, to
9003 		     assist in error message reporting.  Since we
9004 		     called push_tinst_level above, we don't need to
9005 		     restore these.  */
9006 		  input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (t);
9007 
9008 		  if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9009 		    ++processing_template_decl;
9010 		  r = tsubst (t, args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
9011 		  if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9012 		    --processing_template_decl;
9013 		  if (TREE_CODE (r) == VAR_DECL)
9014 		    {
9015 		      /* In [temp.inst]:
9016 
9017 			   [t]he initialization (and any associated
9018 			   side-effects) of a static data member does
9019 			   not occur unless the static data member is
9020 			   itself used in a way that requires the
9021 			   definition of the static data member to
9022 			   exist.
9023 
9024 			 Therefore, we do not substitute into the
9025 			 initialized for the static data member here.  */
9026 		      finish_static_data_member_decl
9027 			(r,
9028 			 /*init=*/NULL_TREE,
9029 			 /*init_const_expr_p=*/false,
9030 			 /*asmspec_tree=*/NULL_TREE,
9031 			 /*flags=*/0);
9032 		      /* Instantiate members marked with attribute used.  */
9033 		      if (r != error_mark_node && DECL_PRESERVE_P (r))
9034 			mark_used (r);
9035 		    }
9036 		  else if (TREE_CODE (r) == FIELD_DECL)
9037 		    {
9038 		      /* Determine whether R has a valid type and can be
9039 			 completed later.  If R is invalid, then it is
9040 			 replaced by error_mark_node so that it will not be
9041 			 added to TYPE_FIELDS.  */
9042 		      tree rtype = TREE_TYPE (r);
9043 		      if (can_complete_type_without_circularity (rtype))
9044 			complete_type (rtype);
9045 
9046 		      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (rtype))
9047 			{
9048 			  cxx_incomplete_type_error (r, rtype);
9049 			  r = error_mark_node;
9050 			}
9051 		    }
9052 
9053 		  /* If it is a TYPE_DECL for a class-scoped ENUMERAL_TYPE,
9054 		     such a thing will already have been added to the field
9055 		     list by tsubst_enum in finish_member_declaration in the
9056 		     CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS case above.  */
9057 		  if (!(TREE_CODE (r) == TYPE_DECL
9058 			&& TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (r)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
9059 			&& DECL_ARTIFICIAL (r)))
9060 		    {
9061 		      set_current_access_from_decl (r);
9062 		      finish_member_declaration (r);
9063 		    }
9064 		}
9065 	    }
9066 	}
9067       else
9068 	{
9069 	  if (TYPE_P (t) || DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (t))
9070 	    {
9071 	      /* Build new CLASSTYPE_FRIEND_CLASSES.  */
9072 
9073 	      tree friend_type = t;
9074 	      bool adjust_processing_template_decl = false;
9075 
9076 	      if (TREE_CODE (friend_type) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9077 		{
9078 		  /* template <class T> friend class C;  */
9079 		  friend_type = tsubst_friend_class (friend_type, args);
9080 		  adjust_processing_template_decl = true;
9081 		}
9082 	      else if (TREE_CODE (friend_type) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE)
9083 		{
9084 		  /* template <class T> friend class C::D;  */
9085 		  friend_type = tsubst (friend_type, args,
9086 					tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
9087 		  if (TREE_CODE (friend_type) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9088 		    friend_type = TREE_TYPE (friend_type);
9089 		  adjust_processing_template_decl = true;
9090 		}
9091 	      else if (TREE_CODE (friend_type) == TYPENAME_TYPE
9092 		       || TREE_CODE (friend_type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
9093 		{
9094 		  /* This could be either
9095 
9096 		       friend class T::C;
9097 
9098 		     when dependent_type_p is false or
9099 
9100 		       template <class U> friend class T::C;
9101 
9102 		     otherwise.  */
9103 		  friend_type = tsubst (friend_type, args,
9104 					tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
9105 		  /* Bump processing_template_decl for correct
9106 		     dependent_type_p calculation.  */
9107 		  ++processing_template_decl;
9108 		  if (dependent_type_p (friend_type))
9109 		    adjust_processing_template_decl = true;
9110 		  --processing_template_decl;
9111 		}
9112 	      else if (!CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (friend_type)
9113 		       && hidden_name_p (TYPE_NAME (friend_type)))
9114 		{
9115 		  /* friend class C;
9116 
9117 		     where C hasn't been declared yet.  Let's lookup name
9118 		     from namespace scope directly, bypassing any name that
9119 		     come from dependent base class.  */
9120 		  tree ns = decl_namespace_context (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (friend_type));
9121 
9122 		  /* The call to xref_tag_from_type does injection for friend
9123 		     classes.  */
9124 		  push_nested_namespace (ns);
9125 		  friend_type =
9126 		    xref_tag_from_type (friend_type, NULL_TREE,
9127 					/*tag_scope=*/ts_current);
9128 		  pop_nested_namespace (ns);
9129 		}
9130 	      else if (uses_template_parms (friend_type))
9131 		/* friend class C<T>;  */
9132 		friend_type = tsubst (friend_type, args,
9133 				      tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
9134 	      /* Otherwise it's
9135 
9136 		   friend class C;
9137 
9138 		 where C is already declared or
9139 
9140 		   friend class C<int>;
9141 
9142 		 We don't have to do anything in these cases.  */
9143 
9144 	      if (adjust_processing_template_decl)
9145 		/* Trick make_friend_class into realizing that the friend
9146 		   we're adding is a template, not an ordinary class.  It's
9147 		   important that we use make_friend_class since it will
9148 		   perform some error-checking and output cross-reference
9149 		   information.  */
9150 		++processing_template_decl;
9151 
9152 	      if (friend_type != error_mark_node)
9153 		make_friend_class (type, friend_type, /*complain=*/false);
9154 
9155 	      if (adjust_processing_template_decl)
9156 		--processing_template_decl;
9157 	    }
9158 	  else
9159 	    {
9160 	      /* Build new DECL_FRIENDLIST.  */
9161 	      tree r;
9162 
9163 	      /* The file and line for this declaration, to
9164 		 assist in error message reporting.  Since we
9165 		 called push_tinst_level above, we don't need to
9166 		 restore these.  */
9167 	      input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (t);
9168 
9169 	      if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9170 		{
9171 		  ++processing_template_decl;
9172 		  push_deferring_access_checks (dk_no_check);
9173 		}
9174 
9175 	      r = tsubst_friend_function (t, args);
9176 	      add_friend (type, r, /*complain=*/false);
9177 	      if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
9178 		{
9179 		  pop_deferring_access_checks ();
9180 		  --processing_template_decl;
9181 		}
9182 	    }
9183 	}
9184     }
9185 
9186   if (CLASSTYPE_LAMBDA_EXPR (type))
9187     {
9188       tree decl = lambda_function (type);
9189       if (decl)
9190 	{
9191 	  tree lambda = CLASSTYPE_LAMBDA_EXPR (type);
9192 	  if (LAMBDA_EXPR_DEDUCE_RETURN_TYPE_P (lambda))
9193 	    {
9194 	      apply_lambda_return_type (lambda, void_type_node);
9195 	      LAMBDA_EXPR_RETURN_TYPE (lambda) = NULL_TREE;
9196 	    }
9197 
9198 	  LAMBDA_EXPR_THIS_CAPTURE (lambda)
9199 	    = lookup_field_1 (type, get_identifier ("__this"), false);
9200 
9201 	  instantiate_decl (decl, false, false);
9202 	  maybe_add_lambda_conv_op (type);
9203 
9204 	  LAMBDA_EXPR_THIS_CAPTURE (lambda) = NULL_TREE;
9205 	}
9206       else
9207 	gcc_assert (errorcount);
9208     }
9209 
9210   /* Set the file and line number information to whatever is given for
9211      the class itself.  This puts error messages involving generated
9212      implicit functions at a predictable point, and the same point
9213      that would be used for non-template classes.  */
9214   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (typedecl);
9215 
9216   unreverse_member_declarations (type);
9217   finish_struct_1 (type);
9218   TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type) = 0;
9219 
9220   /* We don't instantiate default arguments for member functions.  14.7.1:
9221 
9222      The implicit instantiation of a class template specialization causes
9223      the implicit instantiation of the declarations, but not of the
9224      definitions or default arguments, of the class member functions,
9225      member classes, static data members and member templates....  */
9226 
9227   /* Some typedefs referenced from within the template code need to be access
9228      checked at template instantiation time, i.e now. These types were
9229      added to the template at parsing time. Let's get those and perform
9230      the access checks then.  */
9231   perform_typedefs_access_check (pattern, args);
9232   perform_deferred_access_checks ();
9233   pop_nested_class ();
9234   maximum_field_alignment = saved_maximum_field_alignment;
9235   if (!fn_context)
9236     pop_from_top_level ();
9237   pop_deferring_access_checks ();
9238   pop_tinst_level ();
9239 
9240   /* The vtable for a template class can be emitted in any translation
9241      unit in which the class is instantiated.  When there is no key
9242      method, however, finish_struct_1 will already have added TYPE to
9243      the keyed_classes list.  */
9244   if (TYPE_CONTAINS_VPTR_P (type) && CLASSTYPE_KEY_METHOD (type))
9245     keyed_classes = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, keyed_classes);
9246 
9247   return type;
9248 }
9249 
9250 /* Wrapper for instantiate_class_template_1.  */
9251 
9252 tree
9253 instantiate_class_template (tree type)
9254 {
9255   tree ret;
9256   timevar_push (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
9257   ret = instantiate_class_template_1 (type);
9258   timevar_pop (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
9259   return ret;
9260 }
9261 
9262 static tree
9263 tsubst_template_arg (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
9264 {
9265   tree r;
9266 
9267   if (!t)
9268     r = t;
9269   else if (TYPE_P (t))
9270     r = tsubst (t, args, complain, in_decl);
9271   else
9272     {
9273       if (!(complain & tf_warning))
9274 	++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
9275       r = tsubst_expr (t, args, complain, in_decl,
9276 		       /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
9277       if (!(complain & tf_warning))
9278 	--c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
9279       /* Preserve the raw-reference nature of T.  */
9280       if (TREE_TYPE (t) && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == REFERENCE_TYPE
9281 	  && REFERENCE_REF_P (r))
9282 	r = TREE_OPERAND (r, 0);
9283     }
9284   return r;
9285 }
9286 
9287 /* Given a function parameter pack TMPL_PARM and some function parameters
9288    instantiated from it at *SPEC_P, return a NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK of them
9289    and set *SPEC_P to point at the next point in the list.  */
9290 
9291 static tree
9292 extract_fnparm_pack (tree tmpl_parm, tree *spec_p)
9293 {
9294   /* Collect all of the extra "packed" parameters into an
9295      argument pack.  */
9296   tree parmvec;
9297   tree parmtypevec;
9298   tree argpack = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
9299   tree argtypepack = cxx_make_type (TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
9300   tree spec_parm = *spec_p;
9301   int i, len;
9302 
9303   for (len = 0; spec_parm; ++len, spec_parm = TREE_CHAIN (spec_parm))
9304     if (tmpl_parm
9305 	&& !function_parameter_expanded_from_pack_p (spec_parm, tmpl_parm))
9306       break;
9307 
9308   /* Fill in PARMVEC and PARMTYPEVEC with all of the parameters.  */
9309   parmvec = make_tree_vec (len);
9310   parmtypevec = make_tree_vec (len);
9311   spec_parm = *spec_p;
9312   for (i = 0; i < len; i++, spec_parm = DECL_CHAIN (spec_parm))
9313     {
9314       TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, i) = spec_parm;
9315       TREE_VEC_ELT (parmtypevec, i) = TREE_TYPE (spec_parm);
9316     }
9317 
9318   /* Build the argument packs.  */
9319   SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (argpack, parmvec);
9320   SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (argtypepack, parmtypevec);
9321   TREE_TYPE (argpack) = argtypepack;
9322   *spec_p = spec_parm;
9323 
9324   return argpack;
9325 }
9326 
9327 /* Give a chain SPEC_PARM of PARM_DECLs, pack them into a
9328    NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK.  */
9329 
9330 static tree
9331 make_fnparm_pack (tree spec_parm)
9332 {
9333   return extract_fnparm_pack (NULL_TREE, &spec_parm);
9334 }
9335 
9336 /* Substitute ARGS into T, which is an pack expansion
9337    (i.e. TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION or EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION). Returns a
9338    TREE_VEC with the substituted arguments, a PACK_EXPANSION_* node
9339    (if only a partial substitution could be performed) or
9340    ERROR_MARK_NODE if there was an error.  */
9341 tree
9342 tsubst_pack_expansion (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain,
9343 		       tree in_decl)
9344 {
9345   tree pattern;
9346   tree pack, packs = NULL_TREE;
9347   bool unsubstituted_packs = false;
9348   bool real_packs = false;
9349   int missing_level = 0;
9350   int i, len = -1;
9351   tree result;
9352   htab_t saved_local_specializations = NULL;
9353   bool need_local_specializations = false;
9354   int levels;
9355 
9356   gcc_assert (PACK_EXPANSION_P (t));
9357   pattern = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (t);
9358 
9359   /* Add in any args remembered from an earlier partial instantiation.  */
9360   args = add_to_template_args (PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args);
9361 
9362   levels = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
9363 
9364   /* Determine the argument packs that will instantiate the parameter
9365      packs used in the expansion expression. While we're at it,
9366      compute the number of arguments to be expanded and make sure it
9367      is consistent.  */
9368   for (pack = PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (t); pack;
9369        pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
9370     {
9371       tree parm_pack = TREE_VALUE (pack);
9372       tree arg_pack = NULL_TREE;
9373       tree orig_arg = NULL_TREE;
9374       int level = 0;
9375 
9376       if (TREE_CODE (parm_pack) == BASES)
9377        {
9378          if (BASES_DIRECT (parm_pack))
9379            return calculate_direct_bases (tsubst_expr (BASES_TYPE (parm_pack),
9380                                                         args, complain, in_decl, false));
9381          else
9382            return calculate_bases (tsubst_expr (BASES_TYPE (parm_pack),
9383                                                  args, complain, in_decl, false));
9384        }
9385       if (TREE_CODE (parm_pack) == PARM_DECL)
9386 	{
9387 	  if (PACK_EXPANSION_LOCAL_P (t))
9388 	    arg_pack = retrieve_local_specialization (parm_pack);
9389 	  else
9390 	    {
9391 	      /* We can't rely on local_specializations for a parameter
9392 		 name used later in a function declaration (such as in a
9393 		 late-specified return type).  Even if it exists, it might
9394 		 have the wrong value for a recursive call.  Just make a
9395 		 dummy decl, since it's only used for its type.  */
9396 	      /* Copy before tsubsting so that we don't recurse into any
9397 		 later PARM_DECLs.  */
9398 	      arg_pack = tsubst_decl (copy_node (parm_pack), args, complain);
9399 	      if (arg_pack && FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (arg_pack))
9400 		/* Partial instantiation of the parm_pack, we can't build
9401 		   up an argument pack yet.  */
9402 		arg_pack = NULL_TREE;
9403 	      else
9404 		arg_pack = make_fnparm_pack (arg_pack);
9405 	      need_local_specializations = true;
9406 	    }
9407 	}
9408       else
9409         {
9410 	  int idx;
9411           template_parm_level_and_index (parm_pack, &level, &idx);
9412 
9413           if (level <= levels)
9414             arg_pack = TMPL_ARG (args, level, idx);
9415         }
9416 
9417       orig_arg = arg_pack;
9418       if (arg_pack && TREE_CODE (arg_pack) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
9419 	arg_pack = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (arg_pack);
9420 
9421       if (arg_pack && !ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg_pack))
9422 	/* This can only happen if we forget to expand an argument
9423 	   pack somewhere else. Just return an error, silently.  */
9424 	{
9425 	  result = make_tree_vec (1);
9426 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (result, 0) = error_mark_node;
9427 	  return result;
9428 	}
9429 
9430       if (arg_from_parm_pack_p (arg_pack, parm_pack))
9431 	/* The argument pack that the parameter maps to is just an
9432 	   expansion of the parameter itself, such as one would find
9433 	   in the implicit typedef of a class inside the class itself.
9434 	   Consider this parameter "unsubstituted", so that we will
9435 	   maintain the outer pack expansion.  */
9436 	arg_pack = NULL_TREE;
9437 
9438       if (arg_pack)
9439         {
9440           int my_len =
9441             TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack));
9442 
9443 	  /* Don't bother trying to do a partial substitution with
9444 	     incomplete packs; we'll try again after deduction.  */
9445           if (ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P (arg_pack))
9446             return t;
9447 
9448           if (len < 0)
9449 	    len = my_len;
9450           else if (len != my_len)
9451             {
9452 	      if (!(complain & tf_error))
9453 		/* Fail quietly.  */;
9454               else if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
9455                 error ("mismatched argument pack lengths while expanding "
9456                        "%<%T%>",
9457                        pattern);
9458               else
9459                 error ("mismatched argument pack lengths while expanding "
9460                        "%<%E%>",
9461                        pattern);
9462               return error_mark_node;
9463             }
9464 
9465 	  if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack)) == 1
9466 	      && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg_pack),
9467 						 0)))
9468 	    /* This isn't a real argument pack yet.  */;
9469 	  else
9470 	    real_packs = true;
9471 
9472           /* Keep track of the parameter packs and their corresponding
9473              argument packs.  */
9474           packs = tree_cons (parm_pack, arg_pack, packs);
9475           TREE_TYPE (packs) = orig_arg;
9476         }
9477       else
9478 	{
9479 	  /* We can't substitute for this parameter pack.  We use a flag as
9480 	     well as the missing_level counter because function parameter
9481 	     packs don't have a level.  */
9482 	  unsubstituted_packs = true;
9483 	  if (!missing_level || missing_level > level)
9484 	    missing_level = level;
9485 	}
9486     }
9487 
9488   /* We cannot expand this expansion expression, because we don't have
9489      all of the argument packs we need.  */
9490   if (unsubstituted_packs)
9491     {
9492       if (real_packs)
9493 	{
9494 	  /* We got some full packs, but we can't substitute them in until we
9495 	     have values for all the packs.  So remember these until then.  */
9496 	  tree save_args;
9497 
9498 	  t = make_pack_expansion (pattern);
9499 
9500 	  /* The call to add_to_template_args above assumes no overlap
9501 	     between saved args and new args, so prune away any fake
9502 	     args, i.e. those that satisfied arg_from_parm_pack_p above.  */
9503 	  if (missing_level && levels >= missing_level)
9504 	    {
9505 	      gcc_assert (TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (args)
9506 			  && missing_level > 1);
9507 	      TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) = missing_level - 1;
9508 	      save_args = copy_node (args);
9509 	      TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) = levels;
9510 	    }
9511 	  else
9512 	    save_args = args;
9513 
9514 	  PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (t) = save_args;
9515 	}
9516       else
9517 	{
9518 	  /* There were no real arguments, we're just replacing a parameter
9519 	     pack with another version of itself. Substitute into the
9520 	     pattern and return a PACK_EXPANSION_*. The caller will need to
9521 	     deal with that.  */
9522 	  if (TREE_CODE (t) == EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION)
9523 	    t = tsubst_expr (pattern, args, complain, in_decl,
9524 			     /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
9525 	  else
9526 	    t = tsubst (pattern, args, complain, in_decl);
9527 	  t = make_pack_expansion (t);
9528 	}
9529       return t;
9530     }
9531 
9532   /* We could not find any argument packs that work.  */
9533   if (len < 0)
9534     return error_mark_node;
9535 
9536   if (need_local_specializations)
9537     {
9538       /* We're in a late-specified return type, so create our own local
9539 	 specializations table; the current table is either NULL or (in the
9540 	 case of recursive unification) might have bindings that we don't
9541 	 want to use or alter.  */
9542       saved_local_specializations = local_specializations;
9543       local_specializations = htab_create (37,
9544 					   hash_local_specialization,
9545 					   eq_local_specializations,
9546 					   NULL);
9547     }
9548 
9549   /* For each argument in each argument pack, substitute into the
9550      pattern.  */
9551   result = make_tree_vec (len);
9552   for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
9553     {
9554       /* For parameter pack, change the substitution of the parameter
9555          pack to the ith argument in its argument pack, then expand
9556          the pattern.  */
9557       for (pack = packs; pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
9558         {
9559           tree parm = TREE_PURPOSE (pack);
9560 	  tree arg;
9561 
9562 	  /* Select the Ith argument from the pack.  */
9563           if (TREE_CODE (parm) == PARM_DECL)
9564             {
9565 	      if (i == 0)
9566 		{
9567 		  arg = make_node (ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT);
9568 		  ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (arg) = TREE_VALUE (pack);
9569 		  mark_used (parm);
9570 		  register_local_specialization (arg, parm);
9571 		}
9572 	      else
9573 		arg = retrieve_local_specialization (parm);
9574             }
9575           else
9576             {
9577               int idx, level;
9578               template_parm_level_and_index (parm, &level, &idx);
9579 
9580 	      if (i == 0)
9581 		{
9582 		  arg = make_node (ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT);
9583 		  ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_FROM_PACK (arg) = TREE_VALUE (pack);
9584 		  /* Update the corresponding argument.  */
9585 		  TMPL_ARG (args, level, idx) = arg;
9586 		}
9587 	      else
9588 		/* Re-use the ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT.  */
9589 		arg = TMPL_ARG (args, level, idx);
9590             }
9591 	  ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_INDEX (arg) = i;
9592         }
9593 
9594       /* Substitute into the PATTERN with the altered arguments.  */
9595       if (!TYPE_P (pattern))
9596         TREE_VEC_ELT (result, i) =
9597           tsubst_expr (pattern, args, complain, in_decl,
9598                        /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
9599       else
9600         TREE_VEC_ELT (result, i) = tsubst (pattern, args, complain, in_decl);
9601 
9602       if (TREE_VEC_ELT (result, i) == error_mark_node)
9603 	{
9604 	  result = error_mark_node;
9605 	  break;
9606 	}
9607     }
9608 
9609   /* Update ARGS to restore the substitution from parameter packs to
9610      their argument packs.  */
9611   for (pack = packs; pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
9612     {
9613       tree parm = TREE_PURPOSE (pack);
9614 
9615       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == PARM_DECL)
9616         register_local_specialization (TREE_TYPE (pack), parm);
9617       else
9618         {
9619           int idx, level;
9620           template_parm_level_and_index (parm, &level, &idx);
9621 
9622           /* Update the corresponding argument.  */
9623           if (TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (args))
9624             TREE_VEC_ELT (TREE_VEC_ELT (args, level -1 ), idx) =
9625               TREE_TYPE (pack);
9626           else
9627             TREE_VEC_ELT (args, idx) = TREE_TYPE (pack);
9628         }
9629     }
9630 
9631   if (need_local_specializations)
9632     {
9633       htab_delete (local_specializations);
9634       local_specializations = saved_local_specializations;
9635     }
9636 
9637   return result;
9638 }
9639 
9640 /* Given PARM_DECL PARM, find the corresponding PARM_DECL in the template
9641    TMPL.  We do this using DECL_PARM_INDEX, which should work even with
9642    parameter packs; all parms generated from a function parameter pack will
9643    have the same DECL_PARM_INDEX.  */
9644 
9645 tree
9646 get_pattern_parm (tree parm, tree tmpl)
9647 {
9648   tree pattern = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);
9649   tree patparm;
9650 
9651   if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (parm))
9652     {
9653       for (patparm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (pattern);
9654 	   patparm; patparm = DECL_CHAIN (patparm))
9655 	if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (patparm)
9656 	    && DECL_NAME (parm) == DECL_NAME (patparm))
9657 	  break;
9658     }
9659   else
9660     {
9661       patparm = FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARM (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl));
9662       patparm = chain_index (DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm)-1, patparm);
9663       gcc_assert (DECL_PARM_INDEX (patparm)
9664 		  == DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm));
9665     }
9666 
9667   return patparm;
9668 }
9669 
9670 /* Substitute ARGS into the vector or list of template arguments T.  */
9671 
9672 static tree
9673 tsubst_template_args (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
9674 {
9675   tree orig_t = t;
9676   int len, need_new = 0, i, expanded_len_adjust = 0, out;
9677   tree *elts;
9678 
9679   if (t == error_mark_node)
9680     return error_mark_node;
9681 
9682   len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t);
9683   elts = XALLOCAVEC (tree, len);
9684 
9685   for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
9686     {
9687       tree orig_arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (t, i);
9688       tree new_arg;
9689 
9690       if (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == TREE_VEC)
9691 	new_arg = tsubst_template_args (orig_arg, args, complain, in_decl);
9692       else if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (orig_arg))
9693         {
9694           /* Substitute into an expansion expression.  */
9695           new_arg = tsubst_pack_expansion (orig_arg, args, complain, in_decl);
9696 
9697           if (TREE_CODE (new_arg) == TREE_VEC)
9698             /* Add to the expanded length adjustment the number of
9699                expanded arguments. We subtract one from this
9700                measurement, because the argument pack expression
9701                itself is already counted as 1 in
9702                LEN. EXPANDED_LEN_ADJUST can actually be negative, if
9703                the argument pack is empty.  */
9704             expanded_len_adjust += TREE_VEC_LENGTH (new_arg) - 1;
9705         }
9706       else if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (orig_arg))
9707         {
9708           /* Substitute into each of the arguments.  */
9709           new_arg = TYPE_P (orig_arg)
9710             ? cxx_make_type (TREE_CODE (orig_arg))
9711             : make_node (TREE_CODE (orig_arg));
9712 
9713           SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (
9714             new_arg,
9715             tsubst_template_args (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (orig_arg),
9716                                   args, complain, in_decl));
9717 
9718           if (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (new_arg) == error_mark_node)
9719             new_arg = error_mark_node;
9720 
9721           if (TREE_CODE (new_arg) == NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK) {
9722             TREE_TYPE (new_arg) = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (orig_arg), args,
9723                                           complain, in_decl);
9724             TREE_CONSTANT (new_arg) = TREE_CONSTANT (orig_arg);
9725 
9726             if (TREE_TYPE (new_arg) == error_mark_node)
9727               new_arg = error_mark_node;
9728           }
9729         }
9730       else
9731 	new_arg = tsubst_template_arg (orig_arg, args, complain, in_decl);
9732 
9733       if (new_arg == error_mark_node)
9734 	return error_mark_node;
9735 
9736       elts[i] = new_arg;
9737       if (new_arg != orig_arg)
9738 	need_new = 1;
9739     }
9740 
9741   if (!need_new)
9742     return t;
9743 
9744   /* Make space for the expanded arguments coming from template
9745      argument packs.  */
9746   t = make_tree_vec (len + expanded_len_adjust);
9747   /* ORIG_T can contain TREE_VECs. That happens if ORIG_T contains the
9748      arguments for a member template.
9749      In that case each TREE_VEC in ORIG_T represents a level of template
9750      arguments, and ORIG_T won't carry any non defaulted argument count.
9751      It will rather be the nested TREE_VECs that will carry one.
9752      In other words, ORIG_T carries a non defaulted argument count only
9753      if it doesn't contain any nested TREE_VEC.  */
9754   if (NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (orig_t))
9755     {
9756       int count = GET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (orig_t);
9757       count += expanded_len_adjust;
9758       SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (t, count);
9759     }
9760   for (i = 0, out = 0; i < len; i++)
9761     {
9762       if ((PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_t, i))
9763            || ARGUMENT_PACK_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_t, i)))
9764           && TREE_CODE (elts[i]) == TREE_VEC)
9765         {
9766           int idx;
9767 
9768           /* Now expand the template argument pack "in place".  */
9769           for (idx = 0; idx < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (elts[i]); idx++, out++)
9770             TREE_VEC_ELT (t, out) = TREE_VEC_ELT (elts[i], idx);
9771         }
9772       else
9773         {
9774           TREE_VEC_ELT (t, out) = elts[i];
9775           out++;
9776         }
9777     }
9778 
9779   return t;
9780 }
9781 
9782 /* Return the result of substituting ARGS into the template parameters
9783    given by PARMS.  If there are m levels of ARGS and m + n levels of
9784    PARMS, then the result will contain n levels of PARMS.  For
9785    example, if PARMS is `template <class T> template <class U>
9786    template <T*, U, class V>' and ARGS is {{int}, {double}} then the
9787    result will be `template <int*, double, class V>'.  */
9788 
9789 static tree
9790 tsubst_template_parms (tree parms, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
9791 {
9792   tree r = NULL_TREE;
9793   tree* new_parms;
9794 
9795   /* When substituting into a template, we must set
9796      PROCESSING_TEMPLATE_DECL as the template parameters may be
9797      dependent if they are based on one-another, and the dependency
9798      predicates are short-circuit outside of templates.  */
9799   ++processing_template_decl;
9800 
9801   for (new_parms = &r;
9802        TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms) > TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
9803        new_parms = &(TREE_CHAIN (*new_parms)),
9804 	 parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms))
9805     {
9806       tree new_vec =
9807 	make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (TREE_VALUE (parms)));
9808       int i;
9809 
9810       for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (new_vec); ++i)
9811 	{
9812           tree tuple;
9813 
9814           if (parms == error_mark_node)
9815             continue;
9816 
9817           tuple = TREE_VEC_ELT (TREE_VALUE (parms), i);
9818 
9819           if (tuple == error_mark_node)
9820             continue;
9821 
9822 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (new_vec, i) =
9823 	    tsubst_template_parm (tuple, args, complain);
9824 	}
9825 
9826       *new_parms =
9827 	tree_cons (size_int (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (parms)
9828 			     - TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args)),
9829 		   new_vec, NULL_TREE);
9830     }
9831 
9832   --processing_template_decl;
9833 
9834   return r;
9835 }
9836 
9837 /* Return the result of substituting ARGS into one template parameter
9838    given by T. T Must be a TREE_LIST which TREE_VALUE is the template
9839    parameter and which TREE_PURPOSE is the default argument of the
9840    template parameter.  */
9841 
9842 static tree
9843 tsubst_template_parm (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
9844 {
9845   tree default_value, parm_decl;
9846 
9847   if (args == NULL_TREE
9848       || t == NULL_TREE
9849       || t == error_mark_node)
9850     return t;
9851 
9852   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (t) == TREE_LIST);
9853 
9854   default_value = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
9855   parm_decl = TREE_VALUE (t);
9856 
9857   parm_decl = tsubst (parm_decl, args, complain, NULL_TREE);
9858   if (TREE_CODE (parm_decl) == PARM_DECL
9859       && invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (TREE_TYPE (parm_decl), complain))
9860     parm_decl = error_mark_node;
9861   default_value = tsubst_template_arg (default_value, args,
9862 				       complain, NULL_TREE);
9863 
9864   return build_tree_list (default_value, parm_decl);
9865 }
9866 
9867 /* Substitute the ARGS into the indicated aggregate (or enumeration)
9868    type T.  If T is not an aggregate or enumeration type, it is
9869    handled as if by tsubst.  IN_DECL is as for tsubst.  If
9870    ENTERING_SCOPE is nonzero, T is the context for a template which
9871    we are presently tsubst'ing.  Return the substituted value.  */
9872 
9873 static tree
9874 tsubst_aggr_type (tree t,
9875 		  tree args,
9876 		  tsubst_flags_t complain,
9877 		  tree in_decl,
9878 		  int entering_scope)
9879 {
9880   if (t == NULL_TREE)
9881     return NULL_TREE;
9882 
9883   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
9884     {
9885     case RECORD_TYPE:
9886       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
9887 	return tsubst (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
9888 
9889       /* Else fall through.  */
9890     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
9891     case UNION_TYPE:
9892       if (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t) && uses_template_parms (t))
9893 	{
9894 	  tree argvec;
9895 	  tree context;
9896 	  tree r;
9897 	  int saved_unevaluated_operand;
9898 	  int saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
9899 
9900 	  /* In "sizeof(X<I>)" we need to evaluate "I".  */
9901 	  saved_unevaluated_operand = cp_unevaluated_operand;
9902 	  cp_unevaluated_operand = 0;
9903 	  saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
9904 	  c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = 0;
9905 
9906 	  /* First, determine the context for the type we are looking
9907 	     up.  */
9908 	  context = TYPE_CONTEXT (t);
9909 	  if (context && TYPE_P (context))
9910 	    {
9911 	      context = tsubst_aggr_type (context, args, complain,
9912 					  in_decl, /*entering_scope=*/1);
9913 	      /* If context is a nested class inside a class template,
9914 	         it may still need to be instantiated (c++/33959).  */
9915 	      context = complete_type (context);
9916 	    }
9917 
9918 	  /* Then, figure out what arguments are appropriate for the
9919 	     type we are trying to find.  For example, given:
9920 
9921 	       template <class T> struct S;
9922 	       template <class T, class U> void f(T, U) { S<U> su; }
9923 
9924 	     and supposing that we are instantiating f<int, double>,
9925 	     then our ARGS will be {int, double}, but, when looking up
9926 	     S we only want {double}.  */
9927 	  argvec = tsubst_template_args (TYPE_TI_ARGS (t), args,
9928 					 complain, in_decl);
9929 	  if (argvec == error_mark_node)
9930 	    r = error_mark_node;
9931 	  else
9932 	    {
9933 	      r = lookup_template_class (t, argvec, in_decl, context,
9934 					 entering_scope, complain);
9935 	      r = cp_build_qualified_type_real (r, cp_type_quals (t), complain);
9936 	    }
9937 
9938 	  cp_unevaluated_operand = saved_unevaluated_operand;
9939 	  c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings = saved_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
9940 
9941 	  return r;
9942 	}
9943       else
9944 	/* This is not a template type, so there's nothing to do.  */
9945 	return t;
9946 
9947     default:
9948       return tsubst (t, args, complain, in_decl);
9949     }
9950 }
9951 
9952 /* Substitute into the default argument ARG (a default argument for
9953    FN), which has the indicated TYPE.  */
9954 
9955 tree
9956 tsubst_default_argument (tree fn, tree type, tree arg)
9957 {
9958   tree saved_class_ptr = NULL_TREE;
9959   tree saved_class_ref = NULL_TREE;
9960 
9961   /* This can happen in invalid code.  */
9962   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == DEFAULT_ARG)
9963     return arg;
9964 
9965   /* This default argument came from a template.  Instantiate the
9966      default argument here, not in tsubst.  In the case of
9967      something like:
9968 
9969        template <class T>
9970        struct S {
9971 	 static T t();
9972 	 void f(T = t());
9973        };
9974 
9975      we must be careful to do name lookup in the scope of S<T>,
9976      rather than in the current class.  */
9977   push_access_scope (fn);
9978   /* The "this" pointer is not valid in a default argument.  */
9979   if (cfun)
9980     {
9981       saved_class_ptr = current_class_ptr;
9982       cp_function_chain->x_current_class_ptr = NULL_TREE;
9983       saved_class_ref = current_class_ref;
9984       cp_function_chain->x_current_class_ref = NULL_TREE;
9985     }
9986 
9987   push_deferring_access_checks(dk_no_deferred);
9988   /* The default argument expression may cause implicitly defined
9989      member functions to be synthesized, which will result in garbage
9990      collection.  We must treat this situation as if we were within
9991      the body of function so as to avoid collecting live data on the
9992      stack.  */
9993   ++function_depth;
9994   arg = tsubst_expr (arg, DECL_TI_ARGS (fn),
9995 		     tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
9996 		     /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
9997   --function_depth;
9998   pop_deferring_access_checks();
9999 
10000   /* Restore the "this" pointer.  */
10001   if (cfun)
10002     {
10003       cp_function_chain->x_current_class_ptr = saved_class_ptr;
10004       cp_function_chain->x_current_class_ref = saved_class_ref;
10005     }
10006 
10007   /* Make sure the default argument is reasonable.  */
10008   arg = check_default_argument (type, arg);
10009 
10010   pop_access_scope (fn);
10011 
10012   return arg;
10013 }
10014 
10015 /* Substitute into all the default arguments for FN.  */
10016 
10017 static void
10018 tsubst_default_arguments (tree fn)
10019 {
10020   tree arg;
10021   tree tmpl_args;
10022 
10023   tmpl_args = DECL_TI_ARGS (fn);
10024 
10025   /* If this function is not yet instantiated, we certainly don't need
10026      its default arguments.  */
10027   if (uses_template_parms (tmpl_args))
10028     return;
10029   /* Don't do this again for clones.  */
10030   if (DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (fn))
10031     return;
10032 
10033   for (arg = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
10034        arg;
10035        arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
10036     if (TREE_PURPOSE (arg))
10037       TREE_PURPOSE (arg) = tsubst_default_argument (fn,
10038 						    TREE_VALUE (arg),
10039 						    TREE_PURPOSE (arg));
10040 }
10041 
10042 /* Substitute the ARGS into the T, which is a _DECL.  Return the
10043    result of the substitution.  Issue error and warning messages under
10044    control of COMPLAIN.  */
10045 
10046 static tree
10047 tsubst_decl (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
10048 {
10049 #define RETURN(EXP) do { r = (EXP); goto out; } while(0)
10050   location_t saved_loc;
10051   tree r = NULL_TREE;
10052   tree in_decl = t;
10053   hashval_t hash = 0;
10054 
10055   /* Set the filename and linenumber to improve error-reporting.  */
10056   saved_loc = input_location;
10057   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (t);
10058 
10059   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
10060     {
10061     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
10062       {
10063 	/* We can get here when processing a member function template,
10064 	   member class template, or template template parameter.  */
10065 	tree decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (t);
10066 	tree spec;
10067 	tree tmpl_args;
10068 	tree full_args;
10069 
10070 	if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t))
10071 	  {
10072 	    /* Template template parameter is treated here.  */
10073 	    tree new_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10074 	    if (new_type == error_mark_node)
10075 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10076 
10077 	    r = copy_decl (t);
10078 	    DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10079 	    TREE_TYPE (r) = new_type;
10080 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (r)
10081 	      = build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
10082 			    TYPE_DECL, DECL_NAME (decl), new_type);
10083 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (r)
10084 	      = tsubst_template_parms (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (t), args,
10085 				       complain);
10086 	    TYPE_NAME (new_type) = r;
10087 	    break;
10088 	  }
10089 
10090 	/* We might already have an instance of this template.
10091 	   The ARGS are for the surrounding class type, so the
10092 	   full args contain the tsubst'd args for the context,
10093 	   plus the innermost args from the template decl.  */
10094 	tmpl_args = DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (t)
10095 	  ? CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (t))
10096 	  : DECL_TI_ARGS (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (t));
10097 	/* Because this is a template, the arguments will still be
10098 	   dependent, even after substitution.  If
10099 	   PROCESSING_TEMPLATE_DECL is not set, the dependency
10100 	   predicates will short-circuit.  */
10101 	++processing_template_decl;
10102 	full_args = tsubst_template_args (tmpl_args, args,
10103 					  complain, in_decl);
10104 	--processing_template_decl;
10105 	if (full_args == error_mark_node)
10106 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10107 
10108 	/* If this is a default template template argument,
10109 	   tsubst might not have changed anything.  */
10110 	if (full_args == tmpl_args)
10111 	  RETURN (t);
10112 
10113 	hash = hash_tmpl_and_args (t, full_args);
10114 	spec = retrieve_specialization (t, full_args, hash);
10115 	if (spec != NULL_TREE)
10116 	  {
10117 	    r = spec;
10118 	    break;
10119 	  }
10120 
10121 	/* Make a new template decl.  It will be similar to the
10122 	   original, but will record the current template arguments.
10123 	   We also create a new function declaration, which is just
10124 	   like the old one, but points to this new template, rather
10125 	   than the old one.  */
10126 	r = copy_decl (t);
10127 	gcc_assert (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (r) != 0);
10128 	DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10129 
10130 	DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (r) = build_template_info (t, args);
10131 
10132 	if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
10133 	    && !TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (decl))
10134 	  {
10135 	    tree new_type;
10136 	    ++processing_template_decl;
10137 	    new_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10138 	    --processing_template_decl;
10139 	    if (new_type == error_mark_node)
10140 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10141 
10142 	    TREE_TYPE (r) = new_type;
10143 	    CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (new_type) = r;
10144 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (r) = TYPE_MAIN_DECL (new_type);
10145 	    DECL_TI_ARGS (r) = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (new_type);
10146 	    DECL_CONTEXT (r) = TYPE_CONTEXT (new_type);
10147 	  }
10148 	else
10149 	  {
10150 	    tree new_decl;
10151 	    ++processing_template_decl;
10152 	    new_decl = tsubst (decl, args, complain, in_decl);
10153 	    --processing_template_decl;
10154 	    if (new_decl == error_mark_node)
10155 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10156 
10157 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (r) = new_decl;
10158 	    DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (new_decl) = r;
10159 	    TREE_TYPE (r) = TREE_TYPE (new_decl);
10160 	    DECL_TI_ARGS (r) = DECL_TI_ARGS (new_decl);
10161 	    DECL_CONTEXT (r) = DECL_CONTEXT (new_decl);
10162 	  }
10163 
10164 	SET_DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (r);
10165 	DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATIONS (r) = NULL_TREE;
10166 	DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (r) = NULL_TREE;
10167 
10168 	/* The template parameters for this new template are all the
10169 	   template parameters for the old template, except the
10170 	   outermost level of parameters.  */
10171 	DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (r)
10172 	  = tsubst_template_parms (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (t), args,
10173 				   complain);
10174 
10175 	if (PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (t))
10176 	  DECL_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE (r) = r;
10177 
10178 	if (TREE_CODE (decl) != TYPE_DECL)
10179 	  /* Record this non-type partial instantiation.  */
10180 	  register_specialization (r, t,
10181 				   DECL_TI_ARGS (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (r)),
10182 				   false, hash);
10183       }
10184       break;
10185 
10186     case FUNCTION_DECL:
10187       {
10188 	tree ctx;
10189 	tree argvec = NULL_TREE;
10190 	tree *friends;
10191 	tree gen_tmpl;
10192 	tree type;
10193 	int member;
10194 	int args_depth;
10195 	int parms_depth;
10196 
10197 	/* Nobody should be tsubst'ing into non-template functions.  */
10198 	gcc_assert (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (t) != NULL_TREE);
10199 
10200 	if (TREE_CODE (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t)) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
10201 	  {
10202 	    tree spec;
10203 	    bool dependent_p;
10204 
10205 	    /* If T is not dependent, just return it.  We have to
10206 	       increment PROCESSING_TEMPLATE_DECL because
10207 	       value_dependent_expression_p assumes that nothing is
10208 	       dependent when PROCESSING_TEMPLATE_DECL is zero.  */
10209 	    ++processing_template_decl;
10210 	    dependent_p = value_dependent_expression_p (t);
10211 	    --processing_template_decl;
10212 	    if (!dependent_p)
10213 	      RETURN (t);
10214 
10215 	    /* Calculate the most general template of which R is a
10216 	       specialization, and the complete set of arguments used to
10217 	       specialize R.  */
10218 	    gen_tmpl = most_general_template (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t));
10219 	    argvec = tsubst_template_args (DECL_TI_ARGS
10220                                           (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT
10221                                                  (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t))),
10222 					   args, complain, in_decl);
10223 	    if (argvec == error_mark_node)
10224 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10225 
10226 	    /* Check to see if we already have this specialization.  */
10227 	    hash = hash_tmpl_and_args (gen_tmpl, argvec);
10228 	    spec = retrieve_specialization (gen_tmpl, argvec, hash);
10229 
10230 	    if (spec)
10231 	      {
10232 		r = spec;
10233 		break;
10234 	      }
10235 
10236 	    /* We can see more levels of arguments than parameters if
10237 	       there was a specialization of a member template, like
10238 	       this:
10239 
10240 		 template <class T> struct S { template <class U> void f(); }
10241 		 template <> template <class U> void S<int>::f(U);
10242 
10243 	       Here, we'll be substituting into the specialization,
10244 	       because that's where we can find the code we actually
10245 	       want to generate, but we'll have enough arguments for
10246 	       the most general template.
10247 
10248 	       We also deal with the peculiar case:
10249 
10250 		 template <class T> struct S {
10251 		   template <class U> friend void f();
10252 		 };
10253 		 template <class U> void f() {}
10254 		 template S<int>;
10255 		 template void f<double>();
10256 
10257 	       Here, the ARGS for the instantiation of will be {int,
10258 	       double}.  But, we only need as many ARGS as there are
10259 	       levels of template parameters in CODE_PATTERN.  We are
10260 	       careful not to get fooled into reducing the ARGS in
10261 	       situations like:
10262 
10263 		 template <class T> struct S { template <class U> void f(U); }
10264 		 template <class T> template <> void S<T>::f(int) {}
10265 
10266 	       which we can spot because the pattern will be a
10267 	       specialization in this case.  */
10268 	    args_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
10269 	    parms_depth =
10270 	      TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t)));
10271 	    if (args_depth > parms_depth
10272 		&& !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (t))
10273 	      args = get_innermost_template_args (args, parms_depth);
10274 	  }
10275 	else
10276 	  {
10277 	    /* This special case arises when we have something like this:
10278 
10279 		 template <class T> struct S {
10280 		   friend void f<int>(int, double);
10281 		 };
10282 
10283 	       Here, the DECL_TI_TEMPLATE for the friend declaration
10284 	       will be an IDENTIFIER_NODE.  We are being called from
10285 	       tsubst_friend_function, and we want only to create a
10286 	       new decl (R) with appropriate types so that we can call
10287 	       determine_specialization.  */
10288 	    gen_tmpl = NULL_TREE;
10289 	  }
10290 
10291 	if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t))
10292 	  {
10293 	    if (DECL_NAME (t) == constructor_name (DECL_CONTEXT (t)))
10294 	      member = 2;
10295 	    else
10296 	      member = 1;
10297 	    ctx = tsubst_aggr_type (DECL_CONTEXT (t), args,
10298 				    complain, t, /*entering_scope=*/1);
10299 	  }
10300 	else
10301 	  {
10302 	    member = 0;
10303 	    ctx = DECL_CONTEXT (t);
10304 	  }
10305 	type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10306 	if (type == error_mark_node)
10307 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10308 
10309 	/* We do NOT check for matching decls pushed separately at this
10310 	   point, as they may not represent instantiations of this
10311 	   template, and in any case are considered separate under the
10312 	   discrete model.  */
10313 	r = copy_decl (t);
10314 	DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (r) = 0;
10315 	TREE_TYPE (r) = type;
10316 	/* Clear out the mangled name and RTL for the instantiation.  */
10317 	SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (r, NULL_TREE);
10318 	SET_DECL_RTL (r, NULL);
10319 	/* Leave DECL_INITIAL set on deleted instantiations.  */
10320 	if (!DECL_DELETED_FN (r))
10321 	  DECL_INITIAL (r) = NULL_TREE;
10322 	DECL_CONTEXT (r) = ctx;
10323 
10324 	if (member && DECL_CONV_FN_P (r))
10325 	  /* Type-conversion operator.  Reconstruct the name, in
10326 	     case it's the name of one of the template's parameters.  */
10327 	  DECL_NAME (r) = mangle_conv_op_name_for_type (TREE_TYPE (type));
10328 
10329 	DECL_ARGUMENTS (r) = tsubst (DECL_ARGUMENTS (t), args,
10330 				     complain, t);
10331 	DECL_RESULT (r) = NULL_TREE;
10332 
10333 	TREE_STATIC (r) = 0;
10334 	TREE_PUBLIC (r) = TREE_PUBLIC (t);
10335 	DECL_EXTERNAL (r) = 1;
10336 	/* If this is an instantiation of a function with internal
10337 	   linkage, we already know what object file linkage will be
10338 	   assigned to the instantiation.  */
10339 	DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (r) = !TREE_PUBLIC (r);
10340 	DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (r) = 0;
10341 	DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10342 	DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (r) = 0;
10343 	DECL_PENDING_INLINE_P (r) = 0;
10344 	DECL_SAVED_TREE (r) = NULL_TREE;
10345 	DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (r) = NULL;
10346 	TREE_USED (r) = 0;
10347 	/* We'll re-clone as appropriate in instantiate_template.  */
10348 	DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION (r) = NULL_TREE;
10349 
10350 	/* If we aren't complaining now, return on error before we register
10351 	   the specialization so that we'll complain eventually.  */
10352 	if ((complain & tf_error) == 0
10353 	    && IDENTIFIER_OPNAME_P (DECL_NAME (r))
10354 	    && !grok_op_properties (r, /*complain=*/false))
10355 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10356 
10357 	/* Set up the DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO for R.  There's no need to do
10358 	   this in the special friend case mentioned above where
10359 	   GEN_TMPL is NULL.  */
10360 	if (gen_tmpl)
10361 	  {
10362 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (r)
10363 	      = build_template_info (gen_tmpl, argvec);
10364 	    SET_DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (r);
10365 	    register_specialization (r, gen_tmpl, argvec, false, hash);
10366 
10367 	    /* We're not supposed to instantiate default arguments
10368 	       until they are called, for a template.  But, for a
10369 	       declaration like:
10370 
10371 		 template <class T> void f ()
10372 		 { extern void g(int i = T()); }
10373 
10374 	       we should do the substitution when the template is
10375 	       instantiated.  We handle the member function case in
10376 	       instantiate_class_template since the default arguments
10377 	       might refer to other members of the class.  */
10378 	    if (!member
10379 		&& !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl)
10380 		&& !uses_template_parms (argvec))
10381 	      tsubst_default_arguments (r);
10382 	  }
10383 	else
10384 	  DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (r) = NULL_TREE;
10385 
10386 	/* Copy the list of befriending classes.  */
10387 	for (friends = &DECL_BEFRIENDING_CLASSES (r);
10388 	     *friends;
10389 	     friends = &TREE_CHAIN (*friends))
10390 	  {
10391 	    *friends = copy_node (*friends);
10392 	    TREE_VALUE (*friends) = tsubst (TREE_VALUE (*friends),
10393 					    args, complain,
10394 					    in_decl);
10395 	  }
10396 
10397 	if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (r) || DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (r))
10398 	  {
10399 	    maybe_retrofit_in_chrg (r);
10400 	    if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (r))
10401 	      grok_ctor_properties (ctx, r);
10402 	    /* If this is an instantiation of a member template, clone it.
10403 	       If it isn't, that'll be handled by
10404 	       clone_constructors_and_destructors.  */
10405 	    if (PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (gen_tmpl))
10406 	      clone_function_decl (r, /*update_method_vec_p=*/0);
10407 	  }
10408 	else if ((complain & tf_error) != 0
10409 		 && IDENTIFIER_OPNAME_P (DECL_NAME (r))
10410 		 && !grok_op_properties (r, /*complain=*/true))
10411 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10412 
10413 	if (DECL_FRIEND_P (t) && DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (t))
10414 	  SET_DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (r,
10415 				   tsubst (DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (t),
10416 					    args, complain, in_decl));
10417 
10418 	/* Possibly limit visibility based on template args.  */
10419 	DECL_VISIBILITY (r) = VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
10420 	if (DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (t))
10421 	  {
10422 	    DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (r) = 0;
10423 	    DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r)
10424 	      = remove_attribute ("visibility", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r));
10425 	  }
10426 	determine_visibility (r);
10427 	if (DECL_DEFAULTED_OUTSIDE_CLASS_P (r)
10428 	    && !processing_template_decl)
10429 	  defaulted_late_check (r);
10430 
10431 	apply_late_template_attributes (&r, DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r), 0,
10432 					args, complain, in_decl);
10433       }
10434       break;
10435 
10436     case PARM_DECL:
10437       {
10438 	tree type = NULL_TREE;
10439         int i, len = 1;
10440         tree expanded_types = NULL_TREE;
10441         tree prev_r = NULL_TREE;
10442         tree first_r = NULL_TREE;
10443 
10444         if (FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (t))
10445           {
10446             /* If there is a local specialization that isn't a
10447                parameter pack, it means that we're doing a "simple"
10448                substitution from inside tsubst_pack_expansion. Just
10449                return the local specialization (which will be a single
10450                parm).  */
10451             tree spec = retrieve_local_specialization (t);
10452             if (spec
10453                 && TREE_CODE (spec) == PARM_DECL
10454                 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (spec)) != TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
10455               RETURN (spec);
10456 
10457             /* Expand the TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION that provides the types for
10458                the parameters in this function parameter pack.  */
10459             expanded_types = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_TYPE (t), args,
10460 						    complain, in_decl);
10461             if (TREE_CODE (expanded_types) == TREE_VEC)
10462               {
10463                 len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_types);
10464 
10465                 /* Zero-length parameter packs are boring. Just substitute
10466                    into the chain.  */
10467                 if (len == 0)
10468                   RETURN (tsubst (TREE_CHAIN (t), args, complain,
10469 				  TREE_CHAIN (t)));
10470               }
10471             else
10472               {
10473                 /* All we did was update the type. Make a note of that.  */
10474                 type = expanded_types;
10475                 expanded_types = NULL_TREE;
10476               }
10477           }
10478 
10479         /* Loop through all of the parameter's we'll build. When T is
10480            a function parameter pack, LEN is the number of expanded
10481            types in EXPANDED_TYPES; otherwise, LEN is 1.  */
10482         r = NULL_TREE;
10483         for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
10484           {
10485             prev_r = r;
10486             r = copy_node (t);
10487             if (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t))
10488               SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (r);
10489 
10490             if (expanded_types)
10491               /* We're on the Ith parameter of the function parameter
10492                  pack.  */
10493               {
10494 		/* An argument of a function parameter pack is not a parameter
10495 		   pack.  */
10496 		FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (r) = false;
10497 
10498                 /* Get the Ith type.  */
10499                 type = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_types, i);
10500 
10501                 if (DECL_NAME (r))
10502                   /* Rename the parameter to include the index.  */
10503                   DECL_NAME (r) =
10504                     make_ith_pack_parameter_name (DECL_NAME (r), i);
10505               }
10506             else if (!type)
10507               /* We're dealing with a normal parameter.  */
10508               type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10509 
10510             type = type_decays_to (type);
10511             TREE_TYPE (r) = type;
10512             cp_apply_type_quals_to_decl (cp_type_quals (type), r);
10513 
10514             if (DECL_INITIAL (r))
10515               {
10516                 if (TREE_CODE (DECL_INITIAL (r)) != TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
10517                   DECL_INITIAL (r) = TREE_TYPE (r);
10518                 else
10519                   DECL_INITIAL (r) = tsubst (DECL_INITIAL (r), args,
10520                                              complain, in_decl);
10521               }
10522 
10523             DECL_CONTEXT (r) = NULL_TREE;
10524 
10525             if (!DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (r))
10526               DECL_ARG_TYPE (r) = type_passed_as (type);
10527 
10528 	    apply_late_template_attributes (&r, DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r), 0,
10529 					    args, complain, in_decl);
10530 
10531             /* Keep track of the first new parameter we
10532                generate. That's what will be returned to the
10533                caller.  */
10534             if (!first_r)
10535               first_r = r;
10536 
10537             /* Build a proper chain of parameters when substituting
10538                into a function parameter pack.  */
10539             if (prev_r)
10540               DECL_CHAIN (prev_r) = r;
10541           }
10542 
10543 	if (DECL_CHAIN (t))
10544 	  DECL_CHAIN (r) = tsubst (DECL_CHAIN (t), args,
10545 				   complain, DECL_CHAIN (t));
10546 
10547         /* FIRST_R contains the start of the chain we've built.  */
10548         r = first_r;
10549       }
10550       break;
10551 
10552     case FIELD_DECL:
10553       {
10554 	tree type;
10555 
10556 	r = copy_decl (t);
10557 	type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10558 	if (type == error_mark_node)
10559 	  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10560 	TREE_TYPE (r) = type;
10561 	cp_apply_type_quals_to_decl (cp_type_quals (type), r);
10562 
10563 	if (DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (r))
10564 	  /* For bit-fields, DECL_INITIAL gives the number of bits.  For
10565 	     non-bit-fields DECL_INITIAL is a non-static data member
10566 	     initializer, which gets deferred instantiation.  */
10567 	  DECL_INITIAL (r)
10568 	    = tsubst_expr (DECL_INITIAL (t), args,
10569 			   complain, in_decl,
10570 			   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
10571 	else if (DECL_INITIAL (t))
10572 	  {
10573 	    /* Set up DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO so that we can get at the
10574 	       NSDMI in perform_member_init.  Still set DECL_INITIAL
10575 	       so that we know there is one.  */
10576 	    DECL_INITIAL (r) = void_zero_node;
10577 	    gcc_assert (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (r) == NULL);
10578 	    retrofit_lang_decl (r);
10579 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (r) = build_template_info (t, args);
10580 	  }
10581 	/* We don't have to set DECL_CONTEXT here; it is set by
10582 	   finish_member_declaration.  */
10583 	DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10584 	if (VOID_TYPE_P (type))
10585 	  error ("instantiation of %q+D as type %qT", r, type);
10586 
10587 	apply_late_template_attributes (&r, DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r), 0,
10588 					args, complain, in_decl);
10589       }
10590       break;
10591 
10592     case USING_DECL:
10593       /* We reach here only for member using decls.  We also need to check
10594 	 uses_template_parms because DECL_DEPENDENT_P is not set for a
10595 	 using-declaration that designates a member of the current
10596 	 instantiation (c++/53549).  */
10597       if (DECL_DEPENDENT_P (t)
10598 	  || uses_template_parms (USING_DECL_SCOPE (t)))
10599 	{
10600 	  r = do_class_using_decl
10601 	    (tsubst_copy (USING_DECL_SCOPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
10602 	     tsubst_copy (DECL_NAME (t), args, complain, in_decl));
10603 	  if (!r)
10604 	    r = error_mark_node;
10605 	  else
10606 	    {
10607 	      TREE_PROTECTED (r) = TREE_PROTECTED (t);
10608 	      TREE_PRIVATE (r) = TREE_PRIVATE (t);
10609 	    }
10610 	}
10611       else
10612 	{
10613 	  r = copy_node (t);
10614 	  DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10615 	}
10616       break;
10617 
10618     case TYPE_DECL:
10619     case VAR_DECL:
10620       {
10621 	tree argvec = NULL_TREE;
10622 	tree gen_tmpl = NULL_TREE;
10623 	tree spec;
10624 	tree tmpl = NULL_TREE;
10625 	tree ctx;
10626 	tree type = NULL_TREE;
10627 	bool local_p;
10628 
10629 	if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL
10630 	    && t == TYPE_MAIN_DECL (TREE_TYPE (t)))
10631 	  {
10632 	    /* If this is the canonical decl, we don't have to
10633 	       mess with instantiations, and often we can't (for
10634 	       typename, template type parms and such).  Note that
10635 	       TYPE_NAME is not correct for the above test if
10636 	       we've copied the type for a typedef.  */
10637 	    type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10638 	    if (type == error_mark_node)
10639 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10640 	    r = TYPE_NAME (type);
10641 	    break;
10642 	  }
10643 
10644 	/* Check to see if we already have the specialization we
10645 	   need.  */
10646 	spec = NULL_TREE;
10647 	if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t) || DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (t))
10648 	  {
10649 	    /* T is a static data member or namespace-scope entity.
10650 	       We have to substitute into namespace-scope variables
10651 	       (even though such entities are never templates) because
10652 	       of cases like:
10653 
10654 	         template <class T> void f() { extern T t; }
10655 
10656 	       where the entity referenced is not known until
10657 	       instantiation time.  */
10658 	    local_p = false;
10659 	    ctx = DECL_CONTEXT (t);
10660 	    if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t))
10661 	      {
10662 		ctx = tsubst_aggr_type (ctx, args,
10663 					complain,
10664 					in_decl, /*entering_scope=*/1);
10665 		/* If CTX is unchanged, then T is in fact the
10666 		   specialization we want.  That situation occurs when
10667 		   referencing a static data member within in its own
10668 		   class.  We can use pointer equality, rather than
10669 		   same_type_p, because DECL_CONTEXT is always
10670 		   canonical...  */
10671 		if (ctx == DECL_CONTEXT (t)
10672 		    && (TREE_CODE (t) != TYPE_DECL
10673 			/* ... unless T is a member template; in which
10674 			   case our caller can be willing to create a
10675 			   specialization of that template represented
10676 			   by T.  */
10677 			|| !(DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t)
10678 			     && DECL_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t)))))
10679 		  spec = t;
10680 	      }
10681 
10682 	    if (!spec)
10683 	      {
10684 		tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (t);
10685 		gen_tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
10686 		argvec = tsubst (DECL_TI_ARGS (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10687 		if (argvec == error_mark_node)
10688 		  RETURN (error_mark_node);
10689 		hash = hash_tmpl_and_args (gen_tmpl, argvec);
10690 		spec = retrieve_specialization (gen_tmpl, argvec, hash);
10691 	      }
10692 	  }
10693 	else
10694 	  {
10695 	    /* A local variable.  */
10696 	    local_p = true;
10697 	    /* Subsequent calls to pushdecl will fill this in.  */
10698 	    ctx = NULL_TREE;
10699 	    spec = retrieve_local_specialization (t);
10700 	  }
10701 	/* If we already have the specialization we need, there is
10702 	   nothing more to do.  */
10703 	if (spec)
10704 	  {
10705 	    r = spec;
10706 	    break;
10707 	  }
10708 
10709 	if (TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL && DECL_ANON_UNION_VAR_P (t))
10710 	  {
10711 	    /* Just use name lookup to find a member alias for an anonymous
10712 	       union, but then add it to the hash table.  */
10713 	    r = lookup_name (DECL_NAME (t));
10714 	    gcc_assert (DECL_ANON_UNION_VAR_P (r));
10715 	    register_local_specialization (r, t);
10716 	    break;
10717 	  }
10718 
10719 	/* Create a new node for the specialization we need.  */
10720 	r = copy_decl (t);
10721 	if (type == NULL_TREE)
10722 	  {
10723 	    if (is_typedef_decl (t))
10724 	      type = DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (t);
10725 	    else
10726 	      type = TREE_TYPE (t);
10727 	    if (TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL
10728 		&& VAR_HAD_UNKNOWN_BOUND (t)
10729 		&& type != error_mark_node)
10730 	      type = strip_array_domain (type);
10731 	    type = tsubst (type, args, complain, in_decl);
10732 	  }
10733 	if (TREE_CODE (r) == VAR_DECL)
10734 	  {
10735 	    /* Even if the original location is out of scope, the
10736 	       newly substituted one is not.  */
10737 	    DECL_DEAD_FOR_LOCAL (r) = 0;
10738 	    DECL_INITIALIZED_P (r) = 0;
10739 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (r) = 0;
10740 	    if (type == error_mark_node)
10741 	      RETURN (error_mark_node);
10742 	    if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
10743 	      {
10744 		/* It may seem that this case cannot occur, since:
10745 
10746 		     typedef void f();
10747 		     void g() { f x; }
10748 
10749 		   declares a function, not a variable.  However:
10750 
10751 		     typedef void f();
10752 		     template <typename T> void g() { T t; }
10753 		     template void g<f>();
10754 
10755 		   is an attempt to declare a variable with function
10756 		   type.  */
10757 		error ("variable %qD has function type",
10758 		       /* R is not yet sufficiently initialized, so we
10759 			  just use its name.  */
10760 		       DECL_NAME (r));
10761 		RETURN (error_mark_node);
10762 	      }
10763 	    type = complete_type (type);
10764 	    /* Wait until cp_finish_decl to set this again, to handle
10765 	       circular dependency (template/instantiate6.C). */
10766 	    DECL_INITIALIZED_BY_CONSTANT_EXPRESSION_P (r) = 0;
10767 	    type = check_var_type (DECL_NAME (r), type);
10768 
10769 	    if (DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (t))
10770 	      {
10771 		tree ve = DECL_VALUE_EXPR (t);
10772 		ve = tsubst_expr (ve, args, complain, in_decl,
10773 				  /*constant_expression_p=*/false);
10774 		if (REFERENCE_REF_P (ve))
10775 		  {
10776 		    gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE);
10777 		    ve = TREE_OPERAND (ve, 0);
10778 		  }
10779 		SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (r, ve);
10780 	      }
10781 	  }
10782 	else if (DECL_SELF_REFERENCE_P (t))
10783 	  SET_DECL_SELF_REFERENCE_P (r);
10784 	TREE_TYPE (r) = type;
10785 	cp_apply_type_quals_to_decl (cp_type_quals (type), r);
10786 	DECL_CONTEXT (r) = ctx;
10787 	/* Clear out the mangled name and RTL for the instantiation.  */
10788 	SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (r, NULL_TREE);
10789 	if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (t), TS_DECL_WRTL))
10790 	  SET_DECL_RTL (r, NULL);
10791 	/* The initializer must not be expanded until it is required;
10792 	   see [temp.inst].  */
10793 	DECL_INITIAL (r) = NULL_TREE;
10794 	if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (t), TS_DECL_WRTL))
10795 	  SET_DECL_RTL (r, NULL);
10796 	DECL_SIZE (r) = DECL_SIZE_UNIT (r) = 0;
10797 	if (TREE_CODE (r) == VAR_DECL)
10798 	  {
10799 	    /* Possibly limit visibility based on template args.  */
10800 	    DECL_VISIBILITY (r) = VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
10801 	    if (DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (t))
10802 	      {
10803 		DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (r) = 0;
10804 		DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r)
10805 		  = remove_attribute ("visibility", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r));
10806 	      }
10807 	    determine_visibility (r);
10808 	  }
10809 
10810 	if (!local_p)
10811 	  {
10812 	    /* A static data member declaration is always marked
10813 	       external when it is declared in-class, even if an
10814 	       initializer is present.  We mimic the non-template
10815 	       processing here.  */
10816 	    DECL_EXTERNAL (r) = 1;
10817 
10818 	    register_specialization (r, gen_tmpl, argvec, false, hash);
10819 	    DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (r) = build_template_info (tmpl, argvec);
10820 	    SET_DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (r);
10821 	  }
10822 	else if (cp_unevaluated_operand)
10823 	  {
10824 	    /* We're substituting this var in a decltype outside of its
10825 	       scope, such as for a lambda return type.  Don't add it to
10826 	       local_specializations, do perform auto deduction.  */
10827 	    tree auto_node = type_uses_auto (type);
10828 	    if (auto_node)
10829 	      {
10830 		tree init
10831 		  = tsubst_expr (DECL_INITIAL (t), args, complain, in_decl,
10832 				 /*constant_expression_p=*/false);
10833 		init = resolve_nondeduced_context (init);
10834 		TREE_TYPE (r) = type
10835 		  = do_auto_deduction (type, init, auto_node);
10836 	      }
10837 	  }
10838 	else
10839 	  register_local_specialization (r, t);
10840 
10841 	DECL_CHAIN (r) = NULL_TREE;
10842 
10843 	apply_late_template_attributes (&r, DECL_ATTRIBUTES (r),
10844 					/*flags=*/0,
10845 					args, complain, in_decl);
10846 
10847 	/* Preserve a typedef that names a type.  */
10848 	if (is_typedef_decl (r))
10849 	  {
10850 	    DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (r) = NULL_TREE;
10851 	    set_underlying_type (r);
10852 	  }
10853 
10854 	layout_decl (r, 0);
10855       }
10856       break;
10857 
10858     default:
10859       gcc_unreachable ();
10860     }
10861 #undef RETURN
10862 
10863  out:
10864   /* Restore the file and line information.  */
10865   input_location = saved_loc;
10866 
10867   return r;
10868 }
10869 
10870 /* Substitute into the ARG_TYPES of a function type.  */
10871 
10872 static tree
10873 tsubst_arg_types (tree arg_types,
10874 		  tree args,
10875 		  tsubst_flags_t complain,
10876 		  tree in_decl)
10877 {
10878   tree remaining_arg_types;
10879   tree type = NULL_TREE;
10880   int i = 1;
10881   tree expanded_args = NULL_TREE;
10882   tree default_arg;
10883 
10884   if (!arg_types || arg_types == void_list_node)
10885     return arg_types;
10886 
10887   remaining_arg_types = tsubst_arg_types (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types),
10888 					  args, complain, in_decl);
10889   if (remaining_arg_types == error_mark_node)
10890     return error_mark_node;
10891 
10892   if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VALUE (arg_types)))
10893     {
10894       /* For a pack expansion, perform substitution on the
10895          entire expression. Later on, we'll handle the arguments
10896          one-by-one.  */
10897       expanded_args = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_VALUE (arg_types),
10898                                             args, complain, in_decl);
10899 
10900       if (TREE_CODE (expanded_args) == TREE_VEC)
10901         /* So that we'll spin through the parameters, one by one.  */
10902         i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_args);
10903       else
10904         {
10905           /* We only partially substituted into the parameter
10906              pack. Our type is TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION.  */
10907           type = expanded_args;
10908           expanded_args = NULL_TREE;
10909         }
10910     }
10911 
10912   while (i > 0) {
10913     --i;
10914 
10915     if (expanded_args)
10916       type = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_args, i);
10917     else if (!type)
10918       type = tsubst (TREE_VALUE (arg_types), args, complain, in_decl);
10919 
10920     if (type == error_mark_node)
10921       return error_mark_node;
10922     if (VOID_TYPE_P (type))
10923       {
10924         if (complain & tf_error)
10925           {
10926             error ("invalid parameter type %qT", type);
10927             if (in_decl)
10928               error ("in declaration %q+D", in_decl);
10929           }
10930         return error_mark_node;
10931     }
10932 
10933     /* Do array-to-pointer, function-to-pointer conversion, and ignore
10934        top-level qualifiers as required.  */
10935     type = cv_unqualified (type_decays_to (type));
10936 
10937     /* We do not substitute into default arguments here.  The standard
10938        mandates that they be instantiated only when needed, which is
10939        done in build_over_call.  */
10940     default_arg = TREE_PURPOSE (arg_types);
10941 
10942     if (default_arg && TREE_CODE (default_arg) == DEFAULT_ARG)
10943       {
10944         /* We've instantiated a template before its default arguments
10945            have been parsed.  This can happen for a nested template
10946            class, and is not an error unless we require the default
10947            argument in a call of this function.  */
10948         remaining_arg_types =
10949           tree_cons (default_arg, type, remaining_arg_types);
10950         VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, DEFARG_INSTANTIATIONS (default_arg),
10951                        remaining_arg_types);
10952       }
10953     else
10954       remaining_arg_types =
10955         hash_tree_cons (default_arg, type, remaining_arg_types);
10956   }
10957 
10958   return remaining_arg_types;
10959 }
10960 
10961 /* Substitute into a FUNCTION_TYPE or METHOD_TYPE.  This routine does
10962    *not* handle the exception-specification for FNTYPE, because the
10963    initial substitution of explicitly provided template parameters
10964    during argument deduction forbids substitution into the
10965    exception-specification:
10966 
10967      [temp.deduct]
10968 
10969      All references in the function type of the function template to  the
10970      corresponding template parameters are replaced by the specified tem-
10971      plate argument values.  If a substitution in a template parameter or
10972      in  the function type of the function template results in an invalid
10973      type, type deduction fails.  [Note: The equivalent  substitution  in
10974      exception specifications is done only when the function is instanti-
10975      ated, at which point a program is  ill-formed  if  the  substitution
10976      results in an invalid type.]  */
10977 
10978 static tree
10979 tsubst_function_type (tree t,
10980 		      tree args,
10981 		      tsubst_flags_t complain,
10982 		      tree in_decl)
10983 {
10984   tree return_type;
10985   tree arg_types;
10986   tree fntype;
10987 
10988   /* The TYPE_CONTEXT is not used for function/method types.  */
10989   gcc_assert (TYPE_CONTEXT (t) == NULL_TREE);
10990 
10991   /* Substitute the return type.  */
10992   return_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
10993   if (return_type == error_mark_node)
10994     return error_mark_node;
10995   /* The standard does not presently indicate that creation of a
10996      function type with an invalid return type is a deduction failure.
10997      However, that is clearly analogous to creating an array of "void"
10998      or a reference to a reference.  This is core issue #486.  */
10999   if (TREE_CODE (return_type) == ARRAY_TYPE
11000       || TREE_CODE (return_type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
11001     {
11002       if (complain & tf_error)
11003 	{
11004 	  if (TREE_CODE (return_type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
11005 	    error ("function returning an array");
11006 	  else
11007 	    error ("function returning a function");
11008 	}
11009       return error_mark_node;
11010     }
11011 
11012   /* Substitute the argument types.  */
11013   arg_types = tsubst_arg_types (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t), args,
11014 				complain, in_decl);
11015   if (arg_types == error_mark_node)
11016     return error_mark_node;
11017 
11018   /* Construct a new type node and return it.  */
11019   if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
11020     {
11021       fntype = build_function_type (return_type, arg_types);
11022       fntype = apply_memfn_quals (fntype, type_memfn_quals (t));
11023     }
11024   else
11025     {
11026       tree r = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (arg_types));
11027       if (! MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (r))
11028 	{
11029 	  /* [temp.deduct]
11030 
11031 	     Type deduction may fail for any of the following
11032 	     reasons:
11033 
11034 	     -- Attempting to create "pointer to member of T" when T
11035 	     is not a class type.  */
11036 	  if (complain & tf_error)
11037 	    error ("creating pointer to member function of non-class type %qT",
11038 		      r);
11039 	  return error_mark_node;
11040 	}
11041 
11042       fntype = build_method_type_directly (r, return_type,
11043 					   TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
11044     }
11045   fntype = cp_build_type_attribute_variant (fntype, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (t));
11046 
11047   return fntype;
11048 }
11049 
11050 /* FNTYPE is a FUNCTION_TYPE or METHOD_TYPE.  Substitute the template
11051    ARGS into that specification, and return the substituted
11052    specification.  If there is no specification, return NULL_TREE.  */
11053 
11054 static tree
11055 tsubst_exception_specification (tree fntype,
11056 				tree args,
11057 				tsubst_flags_t complain,
11058 				tree in_decl,
11059 				bool defer_ok)
11060 {
11061   tree specs;
11062   tree new_specs;
11063 
11064   specs = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (fntype);
11065   new_specs = NULL_TREE;
11066   if (specs && TREE_PURPOSE (specs))
11067     {
11068       /* A noexcept-specifier.  */
11069       tree expr = TREE_PURPOSE (specs);
11070       if (expr == boolean_true_node || expr == boolean_false_node)
11071 	new_specs = expr;
11072       else if (defer_ok)
11073 	{
11074 	  /* Defer instantiation of noexcept-specifiers to avoid
11075 	     excessive instantiations (c++/49107).  */
11076 	  new_specs = make_node (DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT);
11077 	  if (DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_SPEC_P (specs))
11078 	    {
11079 	      /* We already partially instantiated this member template,
11080 		 so combine the new args with the old.  */
11081 	      DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_PATTERN (new_specs)
11082 		= DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_PATTERN (expr);
11083 	      DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_ARGS (new_specs)
11084 		= add_to_template_args (DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_ARGS (expr), args);
11085 	    }
11086 	  else
11087 	    {
11088 	      DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_PATTERN (new_specs) = expr;
11089 	      DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_ARGS (new_specs) = args;
11090 	    }
11091 	}
11092       else
11093 	new_specs = tsubst_copy_and_build
11094 	  (expr, args, complain, in_decl, /*function_p=*/false,
11095 	   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
11096       new_specs = build_noexcept_spec (new_specs, complain);
11097     }
11098   else if (specs)
11099     {
11100       if (! TREE_VALUE (specs))
11101 	new_specs = specs;
11102       else
11103 	while (specs)
11104 	  {
11105 	    tree spec;
11106             int i, len = 1;
11107             tree expanded_specs = NULL_TREE;
11108 
11109             if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VALUE (specs)))
11110               {
11111                 /* Expand the pack expansion type.  */
11112                 expanded_specs = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_VALUE (specs),
11113                                                        args, complain,
11114                                                        in_decl);
11115 
11116 		if (expanded_specs == error_mark_node)
11117 		  return error_mark_node;
11118 		else if (TREE_CODE (expanded_specs) == TREE_VEC)
11119 		  len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_specs);
11120 		else
11121 		  {
11122 		    /* We're substituting into a member template, so
11123 		       we got a TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION back.  Add that
11124 		       expansion and move on.  */
11125 		    gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (expanded_specs)
11126 				== TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION);
11127 		    new_specs = add_exception_specifier (new_specs,
11128 							 expanded_specs,
11129 							 complain);
11130 		    specs = TREE_CHAIN (specs);
11131 		    continue;
11132 		  }
11133               }
11134 
11135             for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
11136               {
11137                 if (expanded_specs)
11138                   spec = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_specs, i);
11139                 else
11140                   spec = tsubst (TREE_VALUE (specs), args, complain, in_decl);
11141                 if (spec == error_mark_node)
11142                   return spec;
11143                 new_specs = add_exception_specifier (new_specs, spec,
11144                                                      complain);
11145               }
11146 
11147             specs = TREE_CHAIN (specs);
11148 	  }
11149     }
11150   return new_specs;
11151 }
11152 
11153 /* Take the tree structure T and replace template parameters used
11154    therein with the argument vector ARGS.  IN_DECL is an associated
11155    decl for diagnostics.  If an error occurs, returns ERROR_MARK_NODE.
11156    Issue error and warning messages under control of COMPLAIN.  Note
11157    that we must be relatively non-tolerant of extensions here, in
11158    order to preserve conformance; if we allow substitutions that
11159    should not be allowed, we may allow argument deductions that should
11160    not succeed, and therefore report ambiguous overload situations
11161    where there are none.  In theory, we could allow the substitution,
11162    but indicate that it should have failed, and allow our caller to
11163    make sure that the right thing happens, but we don't try to do this
11164    yet.
11165 
11166    This function is used for dealing with types, decls and the like;
11167    for expressions, use tsubst_expr or tsubst_copy.  */
11168 
11169 tree
11170 tsubst (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
11171 {
11172   enum tree_code code;
11173   tree type, r = NULL_TREE;
11174 
11175   if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node
11176       || t == integer_type_node
11177       || t == void_type_node
11178       || t == char_type_node
11179       || t == unknown_type_node
11180       || TREE_CODE (t) == NAMESPACE_DECL
11181       || TREE_CODE (t) == TRANSLATION_UNIT_DECL)
11182     return t;
11183 
11184   if (DECL_P (t))
11185     return tsubst_decl (t, args, complain);
11186 
11187   if (args == NULL_TREE)
11188     return t;
11189 
11190   code = TREE_CODE (t);
11191 
11192   if (code == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
11193     type = IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE (t);
11194   else
11195     type = TREE_TYPE (t);
11196 
11197   gcc_assert (type != unknown_type_node);
11198 
11199   /* Reuse typedefs.  We need to do this to handle dependent attributes,
11200      such as attribute aligned.  */
11201   if (TYPE_P (t)
11202       && typedef_variant_p (t))
11203     {
11204       tree decl = TYPE_NAME (t);
11205 
11206       if (TYPE_DECL_ALIAS_P (decl)
11207 	  && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
11208 	  && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
11209 	  && PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl)))
11210 	{
11211 	  /* DECL represents an alias template and we want to
11212 	     instantiate it.  Let's substitute our arguments for the
11213 	     template parameters into the declaration and get the
11214 	     resulting type.  */
11215 	  r = tsubst (decl, args, complain, decl);
11216 	}
11217       else if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl)
11218 	       && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (DECL_CONTEXT (decl))
11219 	       && uses_template_parms (DECL_CONTEXT (decl)))
11220 	{
11221 	  tree tmpl = most_general_template (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
11222 	  tree gen_args = tsubst (DECL_TI_ARGS (decl), args, complain, in_decl);
11223 	  r = retrieve_specialization (tmpl, gen_args, 0);
11224 	}
11225       else if (DECL_FUNCTION_SCOPE_P (decl)
11226 	       && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (DECL_CONTEXT (decl))
11227 	       && uses_template_parms (DECL_TI_ARGS (DECL_CONTEXT (decl))))
11228 	r = retrieve_local_specialization (decl);
11229       else
11230 	/* The typedef is from a non-template context.  */
11231 	return t;
11232 
11233       if (r)
11234 	{
11235 	  r = TREE_TYPE (r);
11236 	  r = cp_build_qualified_type_real
11237 	    (r, cp_type_quals (t) | cp_type_quals (r),
11238 	     complain | tf_ignore_bad_quals);
11239 	  return r;
11240 	}
11241       else
11242 	/* We don't have an instantiation yet, so drop the typedef.  */
11243 	t = DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (decl);
11244     }
11245 
11246   if (type
11247       && code != TYPENAME_TYPE
11248       && code != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
11249       && code != IDENTIFIER_NODE
11250       && code != FUNCTION_TYPE
11251       && code != METHOD_TYPE)
11252     type = tsubst (type, args, complain, in_decl);
11253   if (type == error_mark_node)
11254     return error_mark_node;
11255 
11256   switch (code)
11257     {
11258     case RECORD_TYPE:
11259     case UNION_TYPE:
11260     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
11261       return tsubst_aggr_type (t, args, complain, in_decl,
11262 			       /*entering_scope=*/0);
11263 
11264     case ERROR_MARK:
11265     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
11266     case VOID_TYPE:
11267     case REAL_TYPE:
11268     case COMPLEX_TYPE:
11269     case VECTOR_TYPE:
11270     case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
11271     case NULLPTR_TYPE:
11272     case LANG_TYPE:
11273       return t;
11274 
11275     case INTEGER_TYPE:
11276       if (t == integer_type_node)
11277 	return t;
11278 
11279       if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (t)) == INTEGER_CST
11280 	  && TREE_CODE (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (t)) == INTEGER_CST)
11281 	return t;
11282 
11283       {
11284 	tree max, omax = TREE_OPERAND (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (t), 0);
11285 
11286 	max = tsubst_expr (omax, args, complain, in_decl,
11287 			   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
11288 
11289 	/* Fix up type of the magic NOP_EXPR with TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS if
11290 	   needed.  */
11291 	if (TREE_CODE (max) == NOP_EXPR
11292 	    && TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (omax)
11293 	    && !TREE_TYPE (max))
11294 	  TREE_TYPE (max) = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (max, 0));
11295 
11296 	/* If we're in a partial instantiation, preserve the magic NOP_EXPR
11297 	   with TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS that indicates this is not an integral
11298 	   constant expression.  */
11299 	if (processing_template_decl
11300 	    && TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (omax) && TREE_CODE (omax) == NOP_EXPR)
11301 	  {
11302 	    gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (max) == NOP_EXPR);
11303 	    TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (max) = 1;
11304 	  }
11305 
11306 	return compute_array_index_type (NULL_TREE, max, complain);
11307       }
11308 
11309     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
11310     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
11311     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
11312     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
11313       {
11314 	int idx;
11315 	int level;
11316 	int levels;
11317 	tree arg = NULL_TREE;
11318 
11319 	r = NULL_TREE;
11320 
11321 	gcc_assert (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args) > 0);
11322 	template_parm_level_and_index (t, &level, &idx);
11323 
11324 	levels = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
11325 	if (level <= levels)
11326 	  {
11327 	    arg = TMPL_ARG (args, level, idx);
11328 
11329 	    if (arg && TREE_CODE (arg) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
11330 	      /* See through ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT arguments. */
11331 	      arg = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_ARG (arg);
11332 	  }
11333 
11334 	if (arg == error_mark_node)
11335 	  return error_mark_node;
11336 	else if (arg != NULL_TREE)
11337 	  {
11338 	    if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
11339 	      /* If ARG is an argument pack, we don't actually want to
11340 		 perform a substitution here, because substitutions
11341 		 for argument packs are only done
11342 		 element-by-element. We can get to this point when
11343 		 substituting the type of a non-type template
11344 		 parameter pack, when that type actually contains
11345 		 template parameter packs from an outer template, e.g.,
11346 
11347 	         template<typename... Types> struct A {
11348 		   template<Types... Values> struct B { };
11349                  };  */
11350 	      return t;
11351 
11352 	    if (code == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
11353 	      {
11354 		int quals;
11355 		gcc_assert (TYPE_P (arg));
11356 
11357 		quals = cp_type_quals (arg) | cp_type_quals (t);
11358 
11359 		return cp_build_qualified_type_real
11360 		  (arg, quals, complain | tf_ignore_bad_quals);
11361 	      }
11362 	    else if (code == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
11363 	      {
11364 		/* We are processing a type constructed from a
11365 		   template template parameter.  */
11366 		tree argvec = tsubst (TYPE_TI_ARGS (t),
11367 				      args, complain, in_decl);
11368 		if (argvec == error_mark_node)
11369 		  return error_mark_node;
11370 
11371 		gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
11372 			    || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL
11373 			    || TREE_CODE (arg) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE);
11374 
11375 		if (TREE_CODE (arg) == UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE)
11376 		  /* Consider this code:
11377 
11378 			template <template <class> class Template>
11379 			struct Internal {
11380 			template <class Arg> using Bind = Template<Arg>;
11381 			};
11382 
11383 			template <template <class> class Template, class Arg>
11384 			using Instantiate = Template<Arg>; //#0
11385 
11386 			template <template <class> class Template,
11387                                   class Argument>
11388 			using Bind =
11389 			  Instantiate<Internal<Template>::template Bind,
11390 				      Argument>; //#1
11391 
11392 		     When #1 is parsed, the
11393 		     BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM representing the
11394 		     parameter `Template' in #0 matches the
11395 		     UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE representing the argument
11396 		     `Internal<Template>::template Bind'; We then want
11397 		     to assemble the type `Bind<Argument>' that can't
11398 		     be fully created right now, because
11399 		     `Internal<Template>' not being complete, the Bind
11400 		     template cannot be looked up in that context.  So
11401 		     we need to "store" `Bind<Argument>' for later
11402 		     when the context of Bind becomes complete.  Let's
11403 		     store that in a TYPENAME_TYPE.  */
11404 		  return make_typename_type (TYPE_CONTEXT (arg),
11405 					     build_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR,
11406 						       TYPE_IDENTIFIER (arg),
11407 						       argvec),
11408 					     typename_type,
11409 					     complain);
11410 
11411 		/* We can get a TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM here when we
11412 		   are resolving nested-types in the signature of a
11413 		   member function templates.  Otherwise ARG is a
11414 		   TEMPLATE_DECL and is the real template to be
11415 		   instantiated.  */
11416 		if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
11417 		  arg = TYPE_NAME (arg);
11418 
11419 		r = lookup_template_class (arg,
11420 					   argvec, in_decl,
11421 					   DECL_CONTEXT (arg),
11422 					    /*entering_scope=*/0,
11423 					   complain);
11424 		return cp_build_qualified_type_real
11425 		  (r, cp_type_quals (t), complain);
11426 	      }
11427 	    else
11428 	      /* TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM or TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX.  */
11429 	      return convert_from_reference (unshare_expr (arg));
11430 	  }
11431 
11432 	if (level == 1)
11433 	  /* This can happen during the attempted tsubst'ing in
11434 	     unify.  This means that we don't yet have any information
11435 	     about the template parameter in question.  */
11436 	  return t;
11437 
11438 	/* If we get here, we must have been looking at a parm for a
11439 	   more deeply nested template.  Make a new version of this
11440 	   template parameter, but with a lower level.  */
11441 	switch (code)
11442 	  {
11443 	  case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
11444 	  case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
11445 	  case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
11446 	    if (cp_type_quals (t))
11447 	      {
11448 		r = tsubst (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t), args, complain, in_decl);
11449 		r = cp_build_qualified_type_real
11450 		  (r, cp_type_quals (t),
11451 		   complain | (code == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
11452 			       ? tf_ignore_bad_quals : 0));
11453 	      }
11454 	    else
11455 	      {
11456 		r = copy_type (t);
11457 		TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (r)
11458 		  = reduce_template_parm_level (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (t),
11459 						r, levels, args, complain);
11460 		TYPE_STUB_DECL (r) = TYPE_NAME (r) = TEMPLATE_TYPE_DECL (r);
11461 		TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (r) = r;
11462 		TYPE_POINTER_TO (r) = NULL_TREE;
11463 		TYPE_REFERENCE_TO (r) = NULL_TREE;
11464 
11465 		if (TREE_CODE (r) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
11466 		  /* We have reduced the level of the template
11467 		     template parameter, but not the levels of its
11468 		     template parameters, so canonical_type_parameter
11469 		     will not be able to find the canonical template
11470 		     template parameter for this level. Thus, we
11471 		     require structural equality checking to compare
11472 		     TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARMs. */
11473 		  SET_TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY (r);
11474 		else if (TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY_P (t))
11475 		  SET_TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY (r);
11476 		else
11477 		  TYPE_CANONICAL (r) = canonical_type_parameter (r);
11478 
11479 		if (code == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
11480 		  {
11481 		    tree argvec = tsubst (TYPE_TI_ARGS (t), args,
11482 					  complain, in_decl);
11483 		    if (argvec == error_mark_node)
11484 		      return error_mark_node;
11485 
11486 		    TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_TEMPLATE_INFO (r)
11487 		      = build_template_info (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t), argvec);
11488 		  }
11489 	      }
11490 	    break;
11491 
11492 	  case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
11493 	    r = reduce_template_parm_level (t, type, levels, args, complain);
11494 	    break;
11495 
11496 	  default:
11497 	    gcc_unreachable ();
11498 	  }
11499 
11500 	return r;
11501       }
11502 
11503     case TREE_LIST:
11504       {
11505 	tree purpose, value, chain;
11506 
11507 	if (t == void_list_node)
11508 	  return t;
11509 
11510 	purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
11511 	if (purpose)
11512 	  {
11513 	    purpose = tsubst (purpose, args, complain, in_decl);
11514 	    if (purpose == error_mark_node)
11515 	      return error_mark_node;
11516 	  }
11517 	value = TREE_VALUE (t);
11518 	if (value)
11519 	  {
11520 	    value = tsubst (value, args, complain, in_decl);
11521 	    if (value == error_mark_node)
11522 	      return error_mark_node;
11523 	  }
11524 	chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
11525 	if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
11526 	  {
11527 	    chain = tsubst (chain, args, complain, in_decl);
11528 	    if (chain == error_mark_node)
11529 	      return error_mark_node;
11530 	  }
11531 	if (purpose == TREE_PURPOSE (t)
11532 	    && value == TREE_VALUE (t)
11533 	    && chain == TREE_CHAIN (t))
11534 	  return t;
11535 	return hash_tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
11536       }
11537 
11538     case TREE_BINFO:
11539       /* We should never be tsubsting a binfo.  */
11540       gcc_unreachable ();
11541 
11542     case TREE_VEC:
11543       /* A vector of template arguments.  */
11544       gcc_assert (!type);
11545       return tsubst_template_args (t, args, complain, in_decl);
11546 
11547     case POINTER_TYPE:
11548     case REFERENCE_TYPE:
11549       {
11550 	if (type == TREE_TYPE (t) && TREE_CODE (type) != METHOD_TYPE)
11551 	  return t;
11552 
11553 	/* [temp.deduct]
11554 
11555 	   Type deduction may fail for any of the following
11556 	   reasons:
11557 
11558 	   -- Attempting to create a pointer to reference type.
11559 	   -- Attempting to create a reference to a reference type or
11560 	      a reference to void.
11561 
11562 	  Core issue 106 says that creating a reference to a reference
11563 	  during instantiation is no longer a cause for failure. We
11564 	  only enforce this check in strict C++98 mode.  */
11565 	if ((TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE
11566 	     && (((cxx_dialect == cxx98) && flag_iso) || code != REFERENCE_TYPE))
11567 	    || (code == REFERENCE_TYPE && TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE))
11568 	  {
11569 	    static location_t last_loc;
11570 
11571 	    /* We keep track of the last time we issued this error
11572 	       message to avoid spewing a ton of messages during a
11573 	       single bad template instantiation.  */
11574 	    if (complain & tf_error
11575 		&& last_loc != input_location)
11576 	      {
11577 		if (TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE)
11578 		  error ("forming reference to void");
11579                else if (code == POINTER_TYPE)
11580                  error ("forming pointer to reference type %qT", type);
11581                else
11582 		  error ("forming reference to reference type %qT", type);
11583 		last_loc = input_location;
11584 	      }
11585 
11586 	    return error_mark_node;
11587 	  }
11588 	else if (code == POINTER_TYPE)
11589 	  {
11590 	    r = build_pointer_type (type);
11591 	    if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
11592 	      r = build_ptrmemfunc_type (r);
11593 	  }
11594 	else if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
11595 	  /* In C++0x, during template argument substitution, when there is an
11596 	     attempt to create a reference to a reference type, reference
11597 	     collapsing is applied as described in [14.3.1/4 temp.arg.type]:
11598 
11599 	     "If a template-argument for a template-parameter T names a type
11600 	     that is a reference to a type A, an attempt to create the type
11601 	     'lvalue reference to cv T' creates the type 'lvalue reference to
11602 	     A,' while an attempt to create the type type rvalue reference to
11603 	     cv T' creates the type T"
11604 	  */
11605 	  r = cp_build_reference_type
11606 	      (TREE_TYPE (type),
11607 	       TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (t) && TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (type));
11608 	else
11609 	  r = cp_build_reference_type (type, TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (t));
11610 	r = cp_build_qualified_type_real (r, cp_type_quals (t), complain);
11611 
11612 	if (r != error_mark_node)
11613 	  /* Will this ever be needed for TYPE_..._TO values?  */
11614 	  layout_type (r);
11615 
11616 	return r;
11617       }
11618     case OFFSET_TYPE:
11619       {
11620 	r = tsubst (TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
11621 	if (r == error_mark_node || !MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (r))
11622 	  {
11623 	    /* [temp.deduct]
11624 
11625 	       Type deduction may fail for any of the following
11626 	       reasons:
11627 
11628 	       -- Attempting to create "pointer to member of T" when T
11629 		  is not a class type.  */
11630 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11631 	      error ("creating pointer to member of non-class type %qT", r);
11632 	    return error_mark_node;
11633 	  }
11634 	if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
11635 	  {
11636 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11637 	      error ("creating pointer to member reference type %qT", type);
11638 	    return error_mark_node;
11639 	  }
11640 	if (TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE)
11641 	  {
11642 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11643 	      error ("creating pointer to member of type void");
11644 	    return error_mark_node;
11645 	  }
11646 	gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) != METHOD_TYPE);
11647 	if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
11648 	  {
11649 	    /* The type of the implicit object parameter gets its
11650 	       cv-qualifiers from the FUNCTION_TYPE. */
11651 	    tree memptr;
11652 	    tree method_type = build_memfn_type (type, r, type_memfn_quals (type));
11653 	    memptr = build_ptrmemfunc_type (build_pointer_type (method_type));
11654 	    return cp_build_qualified_type_real (memptr, cp_type_quals (t),
11655 						 complain);
11656 	  }
11657 	else
11658 	  return cp_build_qualified_type_real (build_ptrmem_type (r, type),
11659 					       cp_type_quals (t),
11660 					       complain);
11661       }
11662     case FUNCTION_TYPE:
11663     case METHOD_TYPE:
11664       {
11665 	tree fntype;
11666 	tree specs;
11667 	fntype = tsubst_function_type (t, args, complain, in_decl);
11668 	if (fntype == error_mark_node)
11669 	  return error_mark_node;
11670 
11671 	/* Substitute the exception specification.  */
11672 	specs = tsubst_exception_specification (t, args, complain,
11673 						in_decl, /*defer_ok*/true);
11674 	if (specs == error_mark_node)
11675 	  return error_mark_node;
11676 	if (specs)
11677 	  fntype = build_exception_variant (fntype, specs);
11678 	return fntype;
11679       }
11680     case ARRAY_TYPE:
11681       {
11682 	tree domain = tsubst (TYPE_DOMAIN (t), args, complain, in_decl);
11683 	if (domain == error_mark_node)
11684 	  return error_mark_node;
11685 
11686 	/* As an optimization, we avoid regenerating the array type if
11687 	   it will obviously be the same as T.  */
11688 	if (type == TREE_TYPE (t) && domain == TYPE_DOMAIN (t))
11689 	  return t;
11690 
11691 	/* These checks should match the ones in grokdeclarator.
11692 
11693 	   [temp.deduct]
11694 
11695 	   The deduction may fail for any of the following reasons:
11696 
11697 	   -- Attempting to create an array with an element type that
11698 	      is void, a function type, or a reference type, or [DR337]
11699 	      an abstract class type.  */
11700 	if (TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE
11701 	    || TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
11702 	    || TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
11703 	  {
11704 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11705 	      error ("creating array of %qT", type);
11706 	    return error_mark_node;
11707 	  }
11708 	if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && CLASSTYPE_PURE_VIRTUALS (type))
11709 	  {
11710 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11711 	      error ("creating array of %qT, which is an abstract class type",
11712 		     type);
11713 	    return error_mark_node;
11714 	  }
11715 
11716 	r = build_cplus_array_type (type, domain);
11717 
11718 	if (TYPE_USER_ALIGN (t))
11719 	  {
11720 	    TYPE_ALIGN (r) = TYPE_ALIGN (t);
11721 	    TYPE_USER_ALIGN (r) = 1;
11722 	  }
11723 
11724 	return r;
11725       }
11726 
11727     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
11728       {
11729 	tree ctx = tsubst_aggr_type (TYPE_CONTEXT (t), args, complain,
11730 				     in_decl, /*entering_scope=*/1);
11731 	tree f = tsubst_copy (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t), args,
11732 			      complain, in_decl);
11733 
11734 	if (ctx == error_mark_node || f == error_mark_node)
11735 	  return error_mark_node;
11736 
11737 	if (!MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (ctx))
11738 	  {
11739 	    if (complain & tf_error)
11740 	      error ("%qT is not a class, struct, or union type", ctx);
11741 	    return error_mark_node;
11742 	  }
11743 	else if (!uses_template_parms (ctx) && !TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ctx))
11744 	  {
11745 	    /* Normally, make_typename_type does not require that the CTX
11746 	       have complete type in order to allow things like:
11747 
11748 		 template <class T> struct S { typename S<T>::X Y; };
11749 
11750 	       But, such constructs have already been resolved by this
11751 	       point, so here CTX really should have complete type, unless
11752 	       it's a partial instantiation.  */
11753 	    ctx = complete_type (ctx);
11754 	    if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (ctx))
11755 	      {
11756 		if (complain & tf_error)
11757 		  cxx_incomplete_type_error (NULL_TREE, ctx);
11758 		return error_mark_node;
11759 	      }
11760 	  }
11761 
11762 	f = make_typename_type (ctx, f, typename_type,
11763 				(complain & tf_error) | tf_keep_type_decl);
11764 	if (f == error_mark_node)
11765 	  return f;
11766 	if (TREE_CODE (f) == TYPE_DECL)
11767 	  {
11768 	    complain |= tf_ignore_bad_quals;
11769 	    f = TREE_TYPE (f);
11770 	  }
11771 
11772 	if (TREE_CODE (f) != TYPENAME_TYPE)
11773 	  {
11774 	    if (TYPENAME_IS_ENUM_P (t) && TREE_CODE (f) != ENUMERAL_TYPE)
11775 	      {
11776 		if (complain & tf_error)
11777 		  error ("%qT resolves to %qT, which is not an enumeration type",
11778 			 t, f);
11779 		else
11780 		  return error_mark_node;
11781 	      }
11782 	    else if (TYPENAME_IS_CLASS_P (t) && !CLASS_TYPE_P (f))
11783 	      {
11784 		if (complain & tf_error)
11785 		  error ("%qT resolves to %qT, which is is not a class type",
11786 			 t, f);
11787 		else
11788 		  return error_mark_node;
11789 	      }
11790 	  }
11791 
11792 	return cp_build_qualified_type_real
11793 	  (f, cp_type_quals (f) | cp_type_quals (t), complain);
11794       }
11795 
11796     case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
11797       {
11798 	tree ctx = tsubst_aggr_type (TYPE_CONTEXT (t), args, complain,
11799 				     in_decl, /*entering_scope=*/1);
11800 	tree name = TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t);
11801 	tree parm_list = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TYPE_NAME (t));
11802 
11803 	if (ctx == error_mark_node || name == error_mark_node)
11804 	  return error_mark_node;
11805 
11806 	if (parm_list)
11807 	  parm_list = tsubst_template_parms (parm_list, args, complain);
11808 	return make_unbound_class_template (ctx, name, parm_list, complain);
11809       }
11810 
11811     case TYPEOF_TYPE:
11812       {
11813 	tree type;
11814 
11815 	++cp_unevaluated_operand;
11816 	++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
11817 
11818 	type = tsubst_expr (TYPEOF_TYPE_EXPR (t), args,
11819 			    complain, in_decl,
11820 			    /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
11821 
11822 	--cp_unevaluated_operand;
11823 	--c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
11824 
11825 	type = finish_typeof (type);
11826 	return cp_build_qualified_type_real (type,
11827 					     cp_type_quals (t)
11828 					     | cp_type_quals (type),
11829 					     complain);
11830       }
11831 
11832     case DECLTYPE_TYPE:
11833       {
11834 	tree type;
11835 
11836 	++cp_unevaluated_operand;
11837 	++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
11838 
11839 	type = tsubst_expr (DECLTYPE_TYPE_EXPR (t), args,
11840 			    complain, in_decl,
11841 			    /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
11842 
11843 	--cp_unevaluated_operand;
11844 	--c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
11845 
11846 	if (DECLTYPE_FOR_LAMBDA_CAPTURE (t))
11847 	  type = lambda_capture_field_type (type);
11848 	else if (DECLTYPE_FOR_LAMBDA_PROXY (t))
11849 	  type = lambda_proxy_type (type);
11850 	else
11851 	  type = finish_decltype_type
11852 	    (type, DECLTYPE_TYPE_ID_EXPR_OR_MEMBER_ACCESS_P (t), complain);
11853 	return cp_build_qualified_type_real (type,
11854 					     cp_type_quals (t)
11855 					     | cp_type_quals (type),
11856 					     complain);
11857       }
11858 
11859     case UNDERLYING_TYPE:
11860       {
11861 	tree type = tsubst (UNDERLYING_TYPE_TYPE (t), args,
11862 			    complain, in_decl);
11863 	return finish_underlying_type (type);
11864       }
11865 
11866     case TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
11867     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
11868       {
11869         tree r = TYPE_P (t) ? cxx_make_type (code) : make_node (code);
11870         tree packed_out =
11871           tsubst_template_args (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (t),
11872                                 args,
11873                                 complain,
11874                                 in_decl);
11875         SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (r, packed_out);
11876 
11877         /* For template nontype argument packs, also substitute into
11878            the type.  */
11879         if (code == NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK)
11880           TREE_TYPE (r) = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
11881 
11882         return r;
11883       }
11884       break;
11885 
11886     case INTEGER_CST:
11887     case REAL_CST:
11888     case STRING_CST:
11889     case PLUS_EXPR:
11890     case MINUS_EXPR:
11891     case NEGATE_EXPR:
11892     case NOP_EXPR:
11893     case INDIRECT_REF:
11894     case ADDR_EXPR:
11895     case CALL_EXPR:
11896     case ARRAY_REF:
11897     case SCOPE_REF:
11898       /* We should use one of the expression tsubsts for these codes.  */
11899       gcc_unreachable ();
11900 
11901     default:
11902       sorry ("use of %qs in template", tree_code_name [(int) code]);
11903       return error_mark_node;
11904     }
11905 }
11906 
11907 /* Like tsubst_expr for a BASELINK.  OBJECT_TYPE, if non-NULL, is the
11908    type of the expression on the left-hand side of the "." or "->"
11909    operator.  */
11910 
11911 static tree
11912 tsubst_baselink (tree baselink, tree object_type,
11913 		 tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
11914 {
11915     tree name;
11916     tree qualifying_scope;
11917     tree fns;
11918     tree optype;
11919     tree template_args = 0;
11920     bool template_id_p = false;
11921     bool qualified = BASELINK_QUALIFIED_P (baselink);
11922 
11923     /* A baselink indicates a function from a base class.  Both the
11924        BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO and the base class referenced may
11925        indicate bases of the template class, rather than the
11926        instantiated class.  In addition, lookups that were not
11927        ambiguous before may be ambiguous now.  Therefore, we perform
11928        the lookup again.  */
11929     qualifying_scope = BINFO_TYPE (BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (baselink));
11930     qualifying_scope = tsubst (qualifying_scope, args,
11931 			       complain, in_decl);
11932     fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink);
11933     optype = tsubst (BASELINK_OPTYPE (baselink), args, complain, in_decl);
11934     if (TREE_CODE (fns) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
11935       {
11936 	template_id_p = true;
11937 	template_args = TREE_OPERAND (fns, 1);
11938 	fns = TREE_OPERAND (fns, 0);
11939 	if (template_args)
11940 	  template_args = tsubst_template_args (template_args, args,
11941 						complain, in_decl);
11942       }
11943     name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (fns));
11944     if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (name))
11945       name = mangle_conv_op_name_for_type (optype);
11946     baselink = lookup_fnfields (qualifying_scope, name, /*protect=*/1);
11947     if (!baselink)
11948       return error_mark_node;
11949 
11950     /* If lookup found a single function, mark it as used at this
11951        point.  (If it lookup found multiple functions the one selected
11952        later by overload resolution will be marked as used at that
11953        point.)  */
11954     if (BASELINK_P (baselink))
11955       fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink);
11956     if (!template_id_p && !really_overloaded_fn (fns))
11957       mark_used (OVL_CURRENT (fns));
11958 
11959     /* Add back the template arguments, if present.  */
11960     if (BASELINK_P (baselink) && template_id_p)
11961       BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink)
11962 	= build_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR,
11963 		    BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink),
11964 		    template_args);
11965     /* Update the conversion operator type.  */
11966     BASELINK_OPTYPE (baselink) = optype;
11967 
11968     if (!object_type)
11969       object_type = current_class_type;
11970 
11971     if (qualified)
11972       baselink = adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup (baselink,
11973 							 qualifying_scope,
11974 							 object_type);
11975     return baselink;
11976 }
11977 
11978 /* Like tsubst_expr for a SCOPE_REF, given by QUALIFIED_ID.  DONE is
11979    true if the qualified-id will be a postfix-expression in-and-of
11980    itself; false if more of the postfix-expression follows the
11981    QUALIFIED_ID.  ADDRESS_P is true if the qualified-id is the operand
11982    of "&".  */
11983 
11984 static tree
11985 tsubst_qualified_id (tree qualified_id, tree args,
11986 		     tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl,
11987 		     bool done, bool address_p)
11988 {
11989   tree expr;
11990   tree scope;
11991   tree name;
11992   bool is_template;
11993   tree template_args;
11994 
11995   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (qualified_id) == SCOPE_REF);
11996 
11997   /* Figure out what name to look up.  */
11998   name = TREE_OPERAND (qualified_id, 1);
11999   if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
12000     {
12001       is_template = true;
12002       template_args = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
12003       if (template_args)
12004 	template_args = tsubst_template_args (template_args, args,
12005 					      complain, in_decl);
12006       name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
12007     }
12008   else
12009     {
12010       is_template = false;
12011       template_args = NULL_TREE;
12012     }
12013 
12014   /* Substitute into the qualifying scope.  When there are no ARGS, we
12015      are just trying to simplify a non-dependent expression.  In that
12016      case the qualifying scope may be dependent, and, in any case,
12017      substituting will not help.  */
12018   scope = TREE_OPERAND (qualified_id, 0);
12019   if (args)
12020     {
12021       scope = tsubst (scope, args, complain, in_decl);
12022       expr = tsubst_copy (name, args, complain, in_decl);
12023     }
12024   else
12025     expr = name;
12026 
12027   if (dependent_scope_p (scope))
12028     {
12029       if (is_template)
12030 	expr = build_min_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, expr, template_args);
12031       return build_qualified_name (NULL_TREE, scope, expr,
12032 				   QUALIFIED_NAME_IS_TEMPLATE (qualified_id));
12033     }
12034 
12035   if (!BASELINK_P (name) && !DECL_P (expr))
12036     {
12037       if (TREE_CODE (expr) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
12038 	{
12039 	  /* A BIT_NOT_EXPR is used to represent a destructor.  */
12040 	  if (!check_dtor_name (scope, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)))
12041 	    {
12042 	      error ("qualifying type %qT does not match destructor name ~%qT",
12043 		     scope, TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0));
12044 	      expr = error_mark_node;
12045 	    }
12046 	  else
12047 	    expr = lookup_qualified_name (scope, complete_dtor_identifier,
12048 					  /*is_type_p=*/0, false);
12049 	}
12050       else
12051 	expr = lookup_qualified_name (scope, expr, /*is_type_p=*/0, false);
12052       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_CODE (expr) == TEMPLATE_DECL
12053 		     ? DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (expr) : expr) == TYPE_DECL)
12054 	{
12055 	  if (complain & tf_error)
12056 	    {
12057 	      error ("dependent-name %qE is parsed as a non-type, but "
12058 		     "instantiation yields a type", qualified_id);
12059 	      inform (input_location, "say %<typename %E%> if a type is meant", qualified_id);
12060 	    }
12061 	  return error_mark_node;
12062 	}
12063     }
12064 
12065   if (DECL_P (expr))
12066     {
12067       check_accessibility_of_qualified_id (expr, /*object_type=*/NULL_TREE,
12068 					   scope);
12069       /* Remember that there was a reference to this entity.  */
12070       mark_used (expr);
12071     }
12072 
12073   if (expr == error_mark_node || TREE_CODE (expr) == TREE_LIST)
12074     {
12075       if (complain & tf_error)
12076 	qualified_name_lookup_error (scope,
12077 				     TREE_OPERAND (qualified_id, 1),
12078 				     expr, input_location);
12079       return error_mark_node;
12080     }
12081 
12082   if (is_template)
12083     expr = lookup_template_function (expr, template_args);
12084 
12085   if (expr == error_mark_node && complain & tf_error)
12086     qualified_name_lookup_error (scope, TREE_OPERAND (qualified_id, 1),
12087 				 expr, input_location);
12088   else if (TYPE_P (scope))
12089     {
12090       expr = (adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup
12091 	      (expr, scope, current_class_type));
12092       expr = (finish_qualified_id_expr
12093 	      (scope, expr, done, address_p && PTRMEM_OK_P (qualified_id),
12094 	       QUALIFIED_NAME_IS_TEMPLATE (qualified_id),
12095 	       /*template_arg_p=*/false));
12096     }
12097 
12098   /* Expressions do not generally have reference type.  */
12099   if (TREE_CODE (expr) != SCOPE_REF
12100       /* However, if we're about to form a pointer-to-member, we just
12101 	 want the referenced member referenced.  */
12102       && TREE_CODE (expr) != OFFSET_REF)
12103     expr = convert_from_reference (expr);
12104 
12105   return expr;
12106 }
12107 
12108 /* Like tsubst, but deals with expressions.  This function just replaces
12109    template parms; to finish processing the resultant expression, use
12110    tsubst_copy_and_build or tsubst_expr.  */
12111 
12112 static tree
12113 tsubst_copy (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
12114 {
12115   enum tree_code code;
12116   tree r;
12117 
12118   if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node || args == NULL_TREE)
12119     return t;
12120 
12121   code = TREE_CODE (t);
12122 
12123   switch (code)
12124     {
12125     case PARM_DECL:
12126       r = retrieve_local_specialization (t);
12127 
12128       if (r == NULL)
12129 	{
12130 	  tree c;
12131 
12132 	  /* We get here for a use of 'this' in an NSDMI.  */
12133 	  if (DECL_NAME (t) == this_identifier
12134 	      && at_function_scope_p ()
12135 	      && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl))
12136 	    return current_class_ptr;
12137 
12138 	  /* This can happen for a parameter name used later in a function
12139 	     declaration (such as in a late-specified return type).  Just
12140 	     make a dummy decl, since it's only used for its type.  */
12141 	  gcc_assert (cp_unevaluated_operand != 0);
12142 	  /* We copy T because want to tsubst the PARM_DECL only,
12143 	     not the following PARM_DECLs that are chained to T.  */
12144 	  c = copy_node (t);
12145 	  r = tsubst_decl (c, args, complain);
12146 	  /* Give it the template pattern as its context; its true context
12147 	     hasn't been instantiated yet and this is good enough for
12148 	     mangling.  */
12149 	  DECL_CONTEXT (r) = DECL_CONTEXT (t);
12150 	}
12151 
12152       if (TREE_CODE (r) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
12153 	r = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_ARG (r);
12154       mark_used (r);
12155       return r;
12156 
12157     case CONST_DECL:
12158       {
12159 	tree enum_type;
12160 	tree v;
12161 
12162 	if (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t))
12163 	  return tsubst_copy (DECL_INITIAL (t), args, complain, in_decl);
12164 	/* There is no need to substitute into namespace-scope
12165 	   enumerators.  */
12166 	if (DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (t))
12167 	  return t;
12168 	/* If ARGS is NULL, then T is known to be non-dependent.  */
12169 	if (args == NULL_TREE)
12170 	  return integral_constant_value (t);
12171 
12172 	/* Unfortunately, we cannot just call lookup_name here.
12173 	   Consider:
12174 
12175 	     template <int I> int f() {
12176 	     enum E { a = I };
12177 	     struct S { void g() { E e = a; } };
12178 	     };
12179 
12180 	   When we instantiate f<7>::S::g(), say, lookup_name is not
12181 	   clever enough to find f<7>::a.  */
12182 	enum_type
12183 	  = tsubst_aggr_type (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl,
12184 			      /*entering_scope=*/0);
12185 
12186 	for (v = TYPE_VALUES (enum_type);
12187 	     v != NULL_TREE;
12188 	     v = TREE_CHAIN (v))
12189 	  if (TREE_PURPOSE (v) == DECL_NAME (t))
12190 	    return TREE_VALUE (v);
12191 
12192 	  /* We didn't find the name.  That should never happen; if
12193 	     name-lookup found it during preliminary parsing, we
12194 	     should find it again here during instantiation.  */
12195 	gcc_unreachable ();
12196       }
12197       return t;
12198 
12199     case FIELD_DECL:
12200       if (DECL_CONTEXT (t))
12201 	{
12202 	  tree ctx;
12203 
12204 	  ctx = tsubst_aggr_type (DECL_CONTEXT (t), args, complain, in_decl,
12205 				  /*entering_scope=*/1);
12206 	  if (ctx != DECL_CONTEXT (t))
12207 	    {
12208 	      tree r = lookup_field (ctx, DECL_NAME (t), 0, false);
12209 	      if (!r)
12210 		{
12211 		  if (complain & tf_error)
12212 		    error ("using invalid field %qD", t);
12213 		  return error_mark_node;
12214 		}
12215 	      return r;
12216 	    }
12217 	}
12218 
12219       return t;
12220 
12221     case VAR_DECL:
12222     case FUNCTION_DECL:
12223       if ((DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (t) && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (t))
12224 	  || local_variable_p (t))
12225 	t = tsubst (t, args, complain, in_decl);
12226       mark_used (t);
12227       return t;
12228 
12229     case NAMESPACE_DECL:
12230       return t;
12231 
12232     case OVERLOAD:
12233       /* An OVERLOAD will always be a non-dependent overload set; an
12234 	 overload set from function scope will just be represented with an
12235 	 IDENTIFIER_NODE, and from class scope with a BASELINK.  */
12236       gcc_assert (!uses_template_parms (t));
12237       return t;
12238 
12239     case BASELINK:
12240       return tsubst_baselink (t, current_class_type, args, complain, in_decl);
12241 
12242     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
12243       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (t))
12244 	return tsubst (TREE_TYPE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (t)),
12245 		       args, complain, in_decl);
12246       else if (DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_P (t) && DECL_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_P (t))
12247 	return tsubst (t, args, complain, in_decl);
12248       else if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (t)
12249 	       && uses_template_parms (DECL_CONTEXT (t)))
12250 	{
12251 	  /* Template template argument like the following example need
12252 	     special treatment:
12253 
12254 	       template <template <class> class TT> struct C {};
12255 	       template <class T> struct D {
12256 		 template <class U> struct E {};
12257 		 C<E> c;				// #1
12258 	       };
12259 	       D<int> d;				// #2
12260 
12261 	     We are processing the template argument `E' in #1 for
12262 	     the template instantiation #2.  Originally, `E' is a
12263 	     TEMPLATE_DECL with `D<T>' as its DECL_CONTEXT.  Now we
12264 	     have to substitute this with one having context `D<int>'.  */
12265 
12266 	  tree context = tsubst (DECL_CONTEXT (t), args, complain, in_decl);
12267 	  return lookup_field (context, DECL_NAME(t), 0, false);
12268 	}
12269       else
12270 	/* Ordinary template template argument.  */
12271 	return t;
12272 
12273     case CAST_EXPR:
12274     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
12275     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
12276     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
12277     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
12278     case IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR:
12279     case CONVERT_EXPR:
12280     case NOP_EXPR:
12281       return build1
12282 	(code, tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
12283 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl));
12284 
12285     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
12286       if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)))
12287         {
12288 
12289           tree expanded;
12290 	  int len = 0;
12291 
12292 	  ++cp_unevaluated_operand;
12293 	  ++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
12294 	  /* We only want to compute the number of arguments.  */
12295 	  expanded = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args,
12296 					    complain, in_decl);
12297 	  --cp_unevaluated_operand;
12298 	  --c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
12299 
12300 	  if (TREE_CODE (expanded) == TREE_VEC)
12301 	    len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded);
12302 
12303 	  if (expanded == error_mark_node)
12304 	    return error_mark_node;
12305 	  else if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (expanded)
12306 		   || (TREE_CODE (expanded) == TREE_VEC
12307 		       && len > 0
12308 		       && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded, len-1))))
12309 	    {
12310 	      if (TREE_CODE (expanded) == TREE_VEC)
12311 		expanded = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded, len - 1);
12312 
12313 	      if (TYPE_P (expanded))
12314 		return cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_type (expanded, SIZEOF_EXPR,
12315 						   complain & tf_error);
12316 	      else
12317 		return cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_expr (expanded, SIZEOF_EXPR,
12318                                                    complain & tf_error);
12319 	    }
12320 	  else
12321 	    return build_int_cst (size_type_node, len);
12322         }
12323       /* Fall through */
12324 
12325     case INDIRECT_REF:
12326     case NEGATE_EXPR:
12327     case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
12328     case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
12329     case ADDR_EXPR:
12330     case UNARY_PLUS_EXPR:      /* Unary + */
12331     case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
12332     case AT_ENCODE_EXPR:
12333     case ARROW_EXPR:
12334     case THROW_EXPR:
12335     case TYPEID_EXPR:
12336     case REALPART_EXPR:
12337     case IMAGPART_EXPR:
12338       return build1
12339 	(code, tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
12340 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl));
12341 
12342     case COMPONENT_REF:
12343       {
12344 	tree object;
12345 	tree name;
12346 
12347 	object = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl);
12348 	name = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
12349 	if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
12350 	  {
12351 	    name = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), args,
12352 				complain, in_decl);
12353 	    name = build1 (BIT_NOT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, name);
12354 	  }
12355 	else if (TREE_CODE (name) == SCOPE_REF
12356 		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (name, 1)) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
12357 	  {
12358 	    tree base = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), args,
12359 				     complain, in_decl);
12360 	    name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
12361 	    name = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), args,
12362 				complain, in_decl);
12363 	    name = build1 (BIT_NOT_EXPR, NULL_TREE, name);
12364 	    name = build_qualified_name (/*type=*/NULL_TREE,
12365 					 base, name,
12366 					 /*template_p=*/false);
12367 	  }
12368 	else if (BASELINK_P (name))
12369 	  name = tsubst_baselink (name,
12370 				  non_reference (TREE_TYPE (object)),
12371 				  args, complain,
12372 				  in_decl);
12373 	else
12374 	  name = tsubst_copy (name, args, complain, in_decl);
12375 	return build_nt (COMPONENT_REF, object, name, NULL_TREE);
12376       }
12377 
12378     case PLUS_EXPR:
12379     case MINUS_EXPR:
12380     case MULT_EXPR:
12381     case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
12382     case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:
12383     case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:
12384     case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:
12385     case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:
12386     case BIT_AND_EXPR:
12387     case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
12388     case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
12389     case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
12390     case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
12391     case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
12392     case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
12393     case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
12394     case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
12395     case RSHIFT_EXPR:
12396     case LSHIFT_EXPR:
12397     case RROTATE_EXPR:
12398     case LROTATE_EXPR:
12399     case EQ_EXPR:
12400     case NE_EXPR:
12401     case MAX_EXPR:
12402     case MIN_EXPR:
12403     case LE_EXPR:
12404     case GE_EXPR:
12405     case LT_EXPR:
12406     case GT_EXPR:
12407     case COMPOUND_EXPR:
12408     case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
12409     case MEMBER_REF:
12410     case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
12411     case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
12412     case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
12413     case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
12414       return build_nt
12415 	(code, tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12416 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl));
12417 
12418     case SCOPE_REF:
12419       return build_qualified_name (/*type=*/NULL_TREE,
12420 				   tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
12421 						args, complain, in_decl),
12422 				   tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
12423 						args, complain, in_decl),
12424 				   QUALIFIED_NAME_IS_TEMPLATE (t));
12425 
12426     case ARRAY_REF:
12427       return build_nt
12428 	(ARRAY_REF,
12429 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12430 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl),
12431 	 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
12432 
12433     case CALL_EXPR:
12434       {
12435 	int n = VL_EXP_OPERAND_LENGTH (t);
12436 	tree result = build_vl_exp (CALL_EXPR, n);
12437 	int i;
12438 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
12439 	  TREE_OPERAND (t, i) = tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, i), args,
12440 					     complain, in_decl);
12441 	return result;
12442       }
12443 
12444     case COND_EXPR:
12445     case MODOP_EXPR:
12446     case PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR:
12447       {
12448 	r = build_nt
12449 	  (code, tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12450 	   tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl),
12451 	   tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2), args, complain, in_decl));
12452 	TREE_NO_WARNING (r) = TREE_NO_WARNING (t);
12453 	return r;
12454       }
12455 
12456     case NEW_EXPR:
12457       {
12458 	r = build_nt
12459 	(code, tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12460 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl),
12461 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2), args, complain, in_decl));
12462 	NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (r) = NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t);
12463 	return r;
12464       }
12465 
12466     case DELETE_EXPR:
12467       {
12468 	r = build_nt
12469 	(code, tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12470 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl));
12471 	DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (r) = DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t);
12472 	DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (r) = DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t);
12473 	return r;
12474       }
12475 
12476     case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
12477       {
12478 	/* Substituted template arguments */
12479 	tree fn = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
12480 	tree targs = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
12481 
12482 	fn = tsubst_copy (fn, args, complain, in_decl);
12483 	if (targs)
12484 	  targs = tsubst_template_args (targs, args, complain, in_decl);
12485 
12486 	return lookup_template_function (fn, targs);
12487       }
12488 
12489     case TREE_LIST:
12490       {
12491 	tree purpose, value, chain;
12492 
12493 	if (t == void_list_node)
12494 	  return t;
12495 
12496 	purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
12497 	if (purpose)
12498 	  purpose = tsubst_copy (purpose, args, complain, in_decl);
12499 	value = TREE_VALUE (t);
12500 	if (value)
12501 	  value = tsubst_copy (value, args, complain, in_decl);
12502 	chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
12503 	if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
12504 	  chain = tsubst_copy (chain, args, complain, in_decl);
12505 	if (purpose == TREE_PURPOSE (t)
12506 	    && value == TREE_VALUE (t)
12507 	    && chain == TREE_CHAIN (t))
12508 	  return t;
12509 	return tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
12510       }
12511 
12512     case RECORD_TYPE:
12513     case UNION_TYPE:
12514     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
12515     case INTEGER_TYPE:
12516     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
12517     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
12518     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
12519     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
12520     case POINTER_TYPE:
12521     case REFERENCE_TYPE:
12522     case OFFSET_TYPE:
12523     case FUNCTION_TYPE:
12524     case METHOD_TYPE:
12525     case ARRAY_TYPE:
12526     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
12527     case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
12528     case TYPEOF_TYPE:
12529     case DECLTYPE_TYPE:
12530     case TYPE_DECL:
12531       return tsubst (t, args, complain, in_decl);
12532 
12533     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
12534       if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (t))
12535 	{
12536 	  tree new_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
12537 	  return mangle_conv_op_name_for_type (new_type);
12538 	}
12539       else
12540 	return t;
12541 
12542     case CONSTRUCTOR:
12543       /* This is handled by tsubst_copy_and_build.  */
12544       gcc_unreachable ();
12545 
12546     case VA_ARG_EXPR:
12547       return build_x_va_arg (tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain,
12548 					  in_decl),
12549 			     tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl));
12550 
12551     case CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR:
12552       /* We shouldn't have built any of these during initial template
12553 	 generation.  Instead, they should be built during instantiation
12554 	 in response to the saved STMT_IS_FULL_EXPR_P setting.  */
12555       gcc_unreachable ();
12556 
12557     case OFFSET_REF:
12558       r = build2
12559 	(code, tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
12560 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args, complain, in_decl),
12561 	 tsubst_copy (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl));
12562       PTRMEM_OK_P (r) = PTRMEM_OK_P (t);
12563       mark_used (TREE_OPERAND (r, 1));
12564       return r;
12565 
12566     case EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION:
12567       error ("invalid use of pack expansion expression");
12568       return error_mark_node;
12569 
12570     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
12571       error ("use %<...%> to expand argument pack");
12572       return error_mark_node;
12573 
12574     case INTEGER_CST:
12575     case REAL_CST:
12576     case STRING_CST:
12577     case COMPLEX_CST:
12578       {
12579 	/* Instantiate any typedefs in the type.  */
12580 	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
12581 	r = fold_convert (type, t);
12582 	gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (r) == code);
12583 	return r;
12584       }
12585 
12586     case PTRMEM_CST:
12587       /* These can sometimes show up in a partial instantiation, but never
12588 	 involve template parms.  */
12589       gcc_assert (!uses_template_parms (t));
12590       return t;
12591 
12592     default:
12593       /* We shouldn't get here, but keep going if !ENABLE_CHECKING.  */
12594       gcc_checking_assert (false);
12595       return t;
12596     }
12597 }
12598 
12599 /* Like tsubst_copy, but specifically for OpenMP clauses.  */
12600 
12601 static tree
12602 tsubst_omp_clauses (tree clauses, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain,
12603 		    tree in_decl)
12604 {
12605   tree new_clauses = NULL, nc, oc;
12606 
12607   for (oc = clauses; oc ; oc = OMP_CLAUSE_CHAIN (oc))
12608     {
12609       nc = copy_node (oc);
12610       OMP_CLAUSE_CHAIN (nc) = new_clauses;
12611       new_clauses = nc;
12612 
12613       switch (OMP_CLAUSE_CODE (nc))
12614 	{
12615 	case OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE:
12616 	  if (OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE_STMT (oc))
12617 	    {
12618 	      OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE_STMT (nc) = push_stmt_list ();
12619 	      tsubst_expr (OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE_STMT (oc), args, complain,
12620 			   in_decl, /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
12621 	      OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE_STMT (nc)
12622 		= pop_stmt_list (OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE_STMT (nc));
12623 	    }
12624 	  /* FALLTHRU */
12625 	case OMP_CLAUSE_PRIVATE:
12626 	case OMP_CLAUSE_SHARED:
12627 	case OMP_CLAUSE_FIRSTPRIVATE:
12628 	case OMP_CLAUSE_REDUCTION:
12629 	case OMP_CLAUSE_COPYIN:
12630 	case OMP_CLAUSE_COPYPRIVATE:
12631 	case OMP_CLAUSE_IF:
12632 	case OMP_CLAUSE_NUM_THREADS:
12633 	case OMP_CLAUSE_SCHEDULE:
12634 	case OMP_CLAUSE_COLLAPSE:
12635 	case OMP_CLAUSE_FINAL:
12636 	  OMP_CLAUSE_OPERAND (nc, 0)
12637 	    = tsubst_expr (OMP_CLAUSE_OPERAND (oc, 0), args, complain,
12638 			   in_decl, /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
12639 	  break;
12640 	case OMP_CLAUSE_NOWAIT:
12641 	case OMP_CLAUSE_ORDERED:
12642 	case OMP_CLAUSE_DEFAULT:
12643 	case OMP_CLAUSE_UNTIED:
12644 	case OMP_CLAUSE_MERGEABLE:
12645 	  break;
12646 	default:
12647 	  gcc_unreachable ();
12648 	}
12649     }
12650 
12651   return finish_omp_clauses (nreverse (new_clauses));
12652 }
12653 
12654 /* Like tsubst_copy_and_build, but unshare TREE_LIST nodes.  */
12655 
12656 static tree
12657 tsubst_copy_asm_operands (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain,
12658 			  tree in_decl)
12659 {
12660 #define RECUR(t) tsubst_copy_asm_operands (t, args, complain, in_decl)
12661 
12662   tree purpose, value, chain;
12663 
12664   if (t == NULL)
12665     return t;
12666 
12667   if (TREE_CODE (t) != TREE_LIST)
12668     return tsubst_copy_and_build (t, args, complain, in_decl,
12669 				  /*function_p=*/false,
12670 				  /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
12671 
12672   if (t == void_list_node)
12673     return t;
12674 
12675   purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
12676   if (purpose)
12677     purpose = RECUR (purpose);
12678   value = TREE_VALUE (t);
12679   if (value)
12680     {
12681       if (TREE_CODE (value) != LABEL_DECL)
12682 	value = RECUR (value);
12683       else
12684 	{
12685 	  value = lookup_label (DECL_NAME (value));
12686 	  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (value) == LABEL_DECL);
12687 	  TREE_USED (value) = 1;
12688 	}
12689     }
12690   chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
12691   if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
12692     chain = RECUR (chain);
12693   return tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
12694 #undef RECUR
12695 }
12696 
12697 /* Substitute one OMP_FOR iterator.  */
12698 
12699 static void
12700 tsubst_omp_for_iterator (tree t, int i, tree declv, tree initv,
12701 			 tree condv, tree incrv, tree *clauses,
12702 			 tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl,
12703 			 bool integral_constant_expression_p)
12704 {
12705 #define RECUR(NODE)				\
12706   tsubst_expr ((NODE), args, complain, in_decl,	\
12707 	       integral_constant_expression_p)
12708   tree decl, init, cond, incr, auto_node;
12709 
12710   init = TREE_VEC_ELT (OMP_FOR_INIT (t), i);
12711   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (init) == MODIFY_EXPR);
12712   decl = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (init, 0));
12713   init = TREE_OPERAND (init, 1);
12714   auto_node = type_uses_auto (TREE_TYPE (decl));
12715   if (auto_node && init)
12716     {
12717       tree init_expr = init;
12718       if (TREE_CODE (init_expr) == DECL_EXPR)
12719 	init_expr = DECL_INITIAL (DECL_EXPR_DECL (init_expr));
12720       init_expr = RECUR (init_expr);
12721       TREE_TYPE (decl)
12722 	= do_auto_deduction (TREE_TYPE (decl), init_expr, auto_node);
12723     }
12724   gcc_assert (!type_dependent_expression_p (decl));
12725 
12726   if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
12727     {
12728       cond = RECUR (TREE_VEC_ELT (OMP_FOR_COND (t), i));
12729       incr = TREE_VEC_ELT (OMP_FOR_INCR (t), i);
12730       if (TREE_CODE (incr) == MODIFY_EXPR)
12731 	incr = build_x_modify_expr (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0)), NOP_EXPR,
12732 				    RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)),
12733 				    complain);
12734       else
12735 	incr = RECUR (incr);
12736       TREE_VEC_ELT (declv, i) = decl;
12737       TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) = init;
12738       TREE_VEC_ELT (condv, i) = cond;
12739       TREE_VEC_ELT (incrv, i) = incr;
12740       return;
12741     }
12742 
12743   if (init && TREE_CODE (init) != DECL_EXPR)
12744     {
12745       tree c;
12746       for (c = *clauses; c ; c = OMP_CLAUSE_CHAIN (c))
12747 	{
12748 	  if ((OMP_CLAUSE_CODE (c) == OMP_CLAUSE_PRIVATE
12749 	       || OMP_CLAUSE_CODE (c) == OMP_CLAUSE_LASTPRIVATE)
12750 	      && OMP_CLAUSE_DECL (c) == decl)
12751 	    break;
12752 	  else if (OMP_CLAUSE_CODE (c) == OMP_CLAUSE_FIRSTPRIVATE
12753 		   && OMP_CLAUSE_DECL (c) == decl)
12754 	    error ("iteration variable %qD should not be firstprivate", decl);
12755 	  else if (OMP_CLAUSE_CODE (c) == OMP_CLAUSE_REDUCTION
12756 		   && OMP_CLAUSE_DECL (c) == decl)
12757 	    error ("iteration variable %qD should not be reduction", decl);
12758 	}
12759       if (c == NULL)
12760 	{
12761 	  c = build_omp_clause (input_location, OMP_CLAUSE_PRIVATE);
12762 	  OMP_CLAUSE_DECL (c) = decl;
12763 	  c = finish_omp_clauses (c);
12764 	  if (c)
12765 	    {
12766 	      OMP_CLAUSE_CHAIN (c) = *clauses;
12767 	      *clauses = c;
12768 	    }
12769 	}
12770     }
12771   cond = TREE_VEC_ELT (OMP_FOR_COND (t), i);
12772   if (COMPARISON_CLASS_P (cond))
12773     cond = build2 (TREE_CODE (cond), boolean_type_node,
12774 		   RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (cond, 0)),
12775 		   RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (cond, 1)));
12776   else
12777     cond = RECUR (cond);
12778   incr = TREE_VEC_ELT (OMP_FOR_INCR (t), i);
12779   switch (TREE_CODE (incr))
12780     {
12781     case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
12782     case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
12783     case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
12784     case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
12785       incr = build2 (TREE_CODE (incr), TREE_TYPE (decl),
12786 		     RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0)), NULL_TREE);
12787       break;
12788     case MODIFY_EXPR:
12789       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)) == PLUS_EXPR
12790 	  || TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)) == MINUS_EXPR)
12791 	{
12792 	  tree rhs = TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1);
12793 	  incr = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (decl),
12794 			 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0)),
12795 			 build2 (TREE_CODE (rhs), TREE_TYPE (decl),
12796 				 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 0)),
12797 				 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 1))));
12798 	}
12799       else
12800 	incr = RECUR (incr);
12801       break;
12802     case MODOP_EXPR:
12803       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)) == PLUS_EXPR
12804 	  || TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)) == MINUS_EXPR)
12805 	{
12806 	  tree lhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0));
12807 	  incr = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (decl), lhs,
12808 			 build2 (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)),
12809 				 TREE_TYPE (decl), lhs,
12810 				 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 2))));
12811 	}
12812       else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)) == NOP_EXPR
12813 	       && (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 2)) == PLUS_EXPR
12814 		   || (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 2)) == MINUS_EXPR)))
12815 	{
12816 	  tree rhs = TREE_OPERAND (incr, 2);
12817 	  incr = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (decl),
12818 			 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0)),
12819 			 build2 (TREE_CODE (rhs), TREE_TYPE (decl),
12820 				 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 0)),
12821 				 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 1))));
12822 	}
12823       else
12824 	incr = RECUR (incr);
12825       break;
12826     default:
12827       incr = RECUR (incr);
12828       break;
12829     }
12830 
12831   TREE_VEC_ELT (declv, i) = decl;
12832   TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) = init;
12833   TREE_VEC_ELT (condv, i) = cond;
12834   TREE_VEC_ELT (incrv, i) = incr;
12835 #undef RECUR
12836 }
12837 
12838 /* Like tsubst_copy for expressions, etc. but also does semantic
12839    processing.  */
12840 
12841 static tree
12842 tsubst_expr (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl,
12843 	     bool integral_constant_expression_p)
12844 {
12845 #define RECUR(NODE)				\
12846   tsubst_expr ((NODE), args, complain, in_decl,	\
12847 	       integral_constant_expression_p)
12848 
12849   tree stmt, tmp;
12850 
12851   if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
12852     return t;
12853 
12854   if (EXPR_HAS_LOCATION (t))
12855     input_location = EXPR_LOCATION (t);
12856   if (STATEMENT_CODE_P (TREE_CODE (t)))
12857     current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = STMT_IS_FULL_EXPR_P (t);
12858 
12859   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
12860     {
12861     case STATEMENT_LIST:
12862       {
12863 	tree_stmt_iterator i;
12864 	for (i = tsi_start (t); !tsi_end_p (i); tsi_next (&i))
12865 	  RECUR (tsi_stmt (i));
12866 	break;
12867       }
12868 
12869     case CTOR_INITIALIZER:
12870       finish_mem_initializers (tsubst_initializer_list
12871 			       (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), args));
12872       break;
12873 
12874     case RETURN_EXPR:
12875       finish_return_stmt (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
12876       break;
12877 
12878     case EXPR_STMT:
12879       tmp = RECUR (EXPR_STMT_EXPR (t));
12880       if (EXPR_STMT_STMT_EXPR_RESULT (t))
12881 	finish_stmt_expr_expr (tmp, cur_stmt_expr);
12882       else
12883 	finish_expr_stmt (tmp);
12884       break;
12885 
12886     case USING_STMT:
12887       do_using_directive (USING_STMT_NAMESPACE (t));
12888       break;
12889 
12890     case DECL_EXPR:
12891       {
12892 	tree decl, pattern_decl;
12893 	tree init;
12894 
12895 	pattern_decl = decl = DECL_EXPR_DECL (t);
12896 	if (TREE_CODE (decl) == LABEL_DECL)
12897 	  finish_label_decl (DECL_NAME (decl));
12898 	else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == USING_DECL)
12899 	  {
12900 	    tree scope = USING_DECL_SCOPE (decl);
12901 	    tree name = DECL_NAME (decl);
12902 	    tree decl;
12903 
12904 	    scope = tsubst (scope, args, complain, in_decl);
12905 	    decl = lookup_qualified_name (scope, name,
12906 					  /*is_type_p=*/false,
12907 					  /*complain=*/false);
12908 	    if (decl == error_mark_node || TREE_CODE (decl) == TREE_LIST)
12909 	      qualified_name_lookup_error (scope, name, decl, input_location);
12910 	    else
12911 	      do_local_using_decl (decl, scope, name);
12912 	  }
12913 	else
12914 	  {
12915 	    init = DECL_INITIAL (decl);
12916 	    decl = tsubst (decl, args, complain, in_decl);
12917 	    if (decl != error_mark_node)
12918 	      {
12919 		/* By marking the declaration as instantiated, we avoid
12920 		   trying to instantiate it.  Since instantiate_decl can't
12921 		   handle local variables, and since we've already done
12922 		   all that needs to be done, that's the right thing to
12923 		   do.  */
12924 		if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
12925 		  DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (decl) = 1;
12926 		if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
12927 		    && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
12928 		  /* Anonymous aggregates are a special case.  */
12929 		  finish_anon_union (decl);
12930 		else if (is_capture_proxy (DECL_EXPR_DECL (t)))
12931 		  {
12932 		    DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
12933 		    insert_capture_proxy (decl);
12934 		  }
12935 		else
12936 		  {
12937 		    int const_init = false;
12938 		    maybe_push_decl (decl);
12939 		    if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
12940 			&& DECL_PRETTY_FUNCTION_P (decl))
12941 		      {
12942 			/* For __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ we have to adjust the
12943 			   initializer.  */
12944 			const char *const name
12945 			  = cxx_printable_name (current_function_decl, 2);
12946 			init = cp_fname_init (name, &TREE_TYPE (decl));
12947 		      }
12948 		    else
12949 		      {
12950 			tree t = RECUR (init);
12951 
12952 			if (init && !t)
12953 			  {
12954 			    /* If we had an initializer but it
12955 			       instantiated to nothing,
12956 			       value-initialize the object.  This will
12957 			       only occur when the initializer was a
12958 			       pack expansion where the parameter packs
12959 			       used in that expansion were of length
12960 			       zero.  */
12961 			    init = build_value_init (TREE_TYPE (decl),
12962 						     complain);
12963 			    if (TREE_CODE (init) == AGGR_INIT_EXPR)
12964 			      init = get_target_expr_sfinae (init, complain);
12965 			  }
12966 			else
12967 			  init = t;
12968 		      }
12969 
12970 		    if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
12971 		      const_init = (DECL_INITIALIZED_BY_CONSTANT_EXPRESSION_P
12972 				    (pattern_decl));
12973 		    cp_finish_decl (decl, init, const_init, NULL_TREE, 0);
12974 		  }
12975 	      }
12976 	  }
12977 
12978 	/* A DECL_EXPR can also be used as an expression, in the condition
12979 	   clause of an if/for/while construct.  */
12980 	return decl;
12981       }
12982 
12983     case FOR_STMT:
12984       stmt = begin_for_stmt (NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
12985       RECUR (FOR_INIT_STMT (t));
12986       finish_for_init_stmt (stmt);
12987       tmp = RECUR (FOR_COND (t));
12988       finish_for_cond (tmp, stmt);
12989       tmp = RECUR (FOR_EXPR (t));
12990       finish_for_expr (tmp, stmt);
12991       RECUR (FOR_BODY (t));
12992       finish_for_stmt (stmt);
12993       break;
12994 
12995     case RANGE_FOR_STMT:
12996       {
12997         tree decl, expr;
12998         stmt = begin_for_stmt (NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
12999         decl = RANGE_FOR_DECL (t);
13000         decl = tsubst (decl, args, complain, in_decl);
13001         maybe_push_decl (decl);
13002         expr = RECUR (RANGE_FOR_EXPR (t));
13003         stmt = cp_convert_range_for (stmt, decl, expr);
13004         RECUR (RANGE_FOR_BODY (t));
13005         finish_for_stmt (stmt);
13006       }
13007       break;
13008 
13009     case WHILE_STMT:
13010       stmt = begin_while_stmt ();
13011       tmp = RECUR (WHILE_COND (t));
13012       finish_while_stmt_cond (tmp, stmt);
13013       RECUR (WHILE_BODY (t));
13014       finish_while_stmt (stmt);
13015       break;
13016 
13017     case DO_STMT:
13018       stmt = begin_do_stmt ();
13019       RECUR (DO_BODY (t));
13020       finish_do_body (stmt);
13021       tmp = RECUR (DO_COND (t));
13022       finish_do_stmt (tmp, stmt);
13023       break;
13024 
13025     case IF_STMT:
13026       stmt = begin_if_stmt ();
13027       tmp = RECUR (IF_COND (t));
13028       finish_if_stmt_cond (tmp, stmt);
13029       RECUR (THEN_CLAUSE (t));
13030       finish_then_clause (stmt);
13031 
13032       if (ELSE_CLAUSE (t))
13033 	{
13034 	  begin_else_clause (stmt);
13035 	  RECUR (ELSE_CLAUSE (t));
13036 	  finish_else_clause (stmt);
13037 	}
13038 
13039       finish_if_stmt (stmt);
13040       break;
13041 
13042     case BIND_EXPR:
13043       if (BIND_EXPR_BODY_BLOCK (t))
13044 	stmt = begin_function_body ();
13045       else
13046 	stmt = begin_compound_stmt (BIND_EXPR_TRY_BLOCK (t)
13047 				    ? BCS_TRY_BLOCK : 0);
13048 
13049       RECUR (BIND_EXPR_BODY (t));
13050 
13051       if (BIND_EXPR_BODY_BLOCK (t))
13052 	finish_function_body (stmt);
13053       else
13054 	finish_compound_stmt (stmt);
13055       break;
13056 
13057     case BREAK_STMT:
13058       finish_break_stmt ();
13059       break;
13060 
13061     case CONTINUE_STMT:
13062       finish_continue_stmt ();
13063       break;
13064 
13065     case SWITCH_STMT:
13066       stmt = begin_switch_stmt ();
13067       tmp = RECUR (SWITCH_STMT_COND (t));
13068       finish_switch_cond (tmp, stmt);
13069       RECUR (SWITCH_STMT_BODY (t));
13070       finish_switch_stmt (stmt);
13071       break;
13072 
13073     case CASE_LABEL_EXPR:
13074       finish_case_label (EXPR_LOCATION (t),
13075 			 RECUR (CASE_LOW (t)),
13076 			 RECUR (CASE_HIGH (t)));
13077       break;
13078 
13079     case LABEL_EXPR:
13080       {
13081 	tree decl = LABEL_EXPR_LABEL (t);
13082 	tree label;
13083 
13084 	label = finish_label_stmt (DECL_NAME (decl));
13085 	if (DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl) != NULL_TREE)
13086 	  cplus_decl_attributes (&label, DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl), 0);
13087       }
13088       break;
13089 
13090     case GOTO_EXPR:
13091       tmp = GOTO_DESTINATION (t);
13092       if (TREE_CODE (tmp) != LABEL_DECL)
13093 	/* Computed goto's must be tsubst'd into.  On the other hand,
13094 	   non-computed gotos must not be; the identifier in question
13095 	   will have no binding.  */
13096 	tmp = RECUR (tmp);
13097       else
13098 	tmp = DECL_NAME (tmp);
13099       finish_goto_stmt (tmp);
13100       break;
13101 
13102     case ASM_EXPR:
13103       tmp = finish_asm_stmt
13104 	(ASM_VOLATILE_P (t),
13105 	 RECUR (ASM_STRING (t)),
13106 	 tsubst_copy_asm_operands (ASM_OUTPUTS (t), args, complain, in_decl),
13107 	 tsubst_copy_asm_operands (ASM_INPUTS (t), args, complain, in_decl),
13108 	 tsubst_copy_asm_operands (ASM_CLOBBERS (t), args, complain, in_decl),
13109 	 tsubst_copy_asm_operands (ASM_LABELS (t), args, complain, in_decl));
13110       {
13111 	tree asm_expr = tmp;
13112 	if (TREE_CODE (asm_expr) == CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR)
13113 	  asm_expr = TREE_OPERAND (asm_expr, 0);
13114 	ASM_INPUT_P (asm_expr) = ASM_INPUT_P (t);
13115       }
13116       break;
13117 
13118     case TRY_BLOCK:
13119       if (CLEANUP_P (t))
13120 	{
13121 	  stmt = begin_try_block ();
13122 	  RECUR (TRY_STMTS (t));
13123 	  finish_cleanup_try_block (stmt);
13124 	  finish_cleanup (RECUR (TRY_HANDLERS (t)), stmt);
13125 	}
13126       else
13127 	{
13128 	  tree compound_stmt = NULL_TREE;
13129 
13130 	  if (FN_TRY_BLOCK_P (t))
13131 	    stmt = begin_function_try_block (&compound_stmt);
13132 	  else
13133 	    stmt = begin_try_block ();
13134 
13135 	  RECUR (TRY_STMTS (t));
13136 
13137 	  if (FN_TRY_BLOCK_P (t))
13138 	    finish_function_try_block (stmt);
13139 	  else
13140 	    finish_try_block (stmt);
13141 
13142 	  RECUR (TRY_HANDLERS (t));
13143 	  if (FN_TRY_BLOCK_P (t))
13144 	    finish_function_handler_sequence (stmt, compound_stmt);
13145 	  else
13146 	    finish_handler_sequence (stmt);
13147 	}
13148       break;
13149 
13150     case HANDLER:
13151       {
13152 	tree decl = HANDLER_PARMS (t);
13153 
13154 	if (decl)
13155 	  {
13156 	    decl = tsubst (decl, args, complain, in_decl);
13157 	    /* Prevent instantiate_decl from trying to instantiate
13158 	       this variable.  We've already done all that needs to be
13159 	       done.  */
13160 	    if (decl != error_mark_node)
13161 	      DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (decl) = 1;
13162 	  }
13163 	stmt = begin_handler ();
13164 	finish_handler_parms (decl, stmt);
13165 	RECUR (HANDLER_BODY (t));
13166 	finish_handler (stmt);
13167       }
13168       break;
13169 
13170     case TAG_DEFN:
13171       tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, NULL_TREE);
13172       break;
13173 
13174     case STATIC_ASSERT:
13175       {
13176         tree condition =
13177           tsubst_expr (STATIC_ASSERT_CONDITION (t),
13178                        args,
13179                        complain, in_decl,
13180                        /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
13181         finish_static_assert (condition,
13182                               STATIC_ASSERT_MESSAGE (t),
13183                               STATIC_ASSERT_SOURCE_LOCATION (t),
13184                               /*member_p=*/false);
13185       }
13186       break;
13187 
13188     case OMP_PARALLEL:
13189       tmp = tsubst_omp_clauses (OMP_PARALLEL_CLAUSES (t),
13190 				args, complain, in_decl);
13191       stmt = begin_omp_parallel ();
13192       RECUR (OMP_PARALLEL_BODY (t));
13193       OMP_PARALLEL_COMBINED (finish_omp_parallel (tmp, stmt))
13194 	= OMP_PARALLEL_COMBINED (t);
13195       break;
13196 
13197     case OMP_TASK:
13198       tmp = tsubst_omp_clauses (OMP_TASK_CLAUSES (t),
13199 				args, complain, in_decl);
13200       stmt = begin_omp_task ();
13201       RECUR (OMP_TASK_BODY (t));
13202       finish_omp_task (tmp, stmt);
13203       break;
13204 
13205     case OMP_FOR:
13206       {
13207 	tree clauses, body, pre_body;
13208 	tree declv, initv, condv, incrv;
13209 	int i;
13210 
13211 	clauses = tsubst_omp_clauses (OMP_FOR_CLAUSES (t),
13212 				      args, complain, in_decl);
13213 	declv = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (OMP_FOR_INIT (t)));
13214 	initv = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (OMP_FOR_INIT (t)));
13215 	condv = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (OMP_FOR_INIT (t)));
13216 	incrv = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (OMP_FOR_INIT (t)));
13217 
13218 	for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (OMP_FOR_INIT (t)); i++)
13219 	  tsubst_omp_for_iterator (t, i, declv, initv, condv, incrv,
13220 				   &clauses, args, complain, in_decl,
13221 				   integral_constant_expression_p);
13222 
13223 	stmt = begin_omp_structured_block ();
13224 
13225 	for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (initv); i++)
13226 	  if (TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) == NULL
13227 	      || TREE_CODE (TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i)) != DECL_EXPR)
13228 	    TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) = RECUR (TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i));
13229 	  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i))))
13230 	    {
13231 	      tree init = RECUR (TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i));
13232 	      gcc_assert (init == TREE_VEC_ELT (declv, i));
13233 	      TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) = NULL_TREE;
13234 	    }
13235 	  else
13236 	    {
13237 	      tree decl_expr = TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i);
13238 	      tree init = DECL_INITIAL (DECL_EXPR_DECL (decl_expr));
13239 	      gcc_assert (init != NULL);
13240 	      TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i) = RECUR (init);
13241 	      DECL_INITIAL (DECL_EXPR_DECL (decl_expr)) = NULL;
13242 	      RECUR (decl_expr);
13243 	      DECL_INITIAL (DECL_EXPR_DECL (decl_expr)) = init;
13244 	    }
13245 
13246 	pre_body = push_stmt_list ();
13247 	RECUR (OMP_FOR_PRE_BODY (t));
13248 	pre_body = pop_stmt_list (pre_body);
13249 
13250 	body = push_stmt_list ();
13251 	RECUR (OMP_FOR_BODY (t));
13252 	body = pop_stmt_list (body);
13253 
13254 	t = finish_omp_for (EXPR_LOCATION (t), declv, initv, condv, incrv,
13255 			    body, pre_body, clauses);
13256 
13257 	add_stmt (finish_omp_structured_block (stmt));
13258       }
13259       break;
13260 
13261     case OMP_SECTIONS:
13262     case OMP_SINGLE:
13263       tmp = tsubst_omp_clauses (OMP_CLAUSES (t), args, complain, in_decl);
13264       stmt = push_stmt_list ();
13265       RECUR (OMP_BODY (t));
13266       stmt = pop_stmt_list (stmt);
13267 
13268       t = copy_node (t);
13269       OMP_BODY (t) = stmt;
13270       OMP_CLAUSES (t) = tmp;
13271       add_stmt (t);
13272       break;
13273 
13274     case OMP_SECTION:
13275     case OMP_CRITICAL:
13276     case OMP_MASTER:
13277     case OMP_ORDERED:
13278       stmt = push_stmt_list ();
13279       RECUR (OMP_BODY (t));
13280       stmt = pop_stmt_list (stmt);
13281 
13282       t = copy_node (t);
13283       OMP_BODY (t) = stmt;
13284       add_stmt (t);
13285       break;
13286 
13287     case OMP_ATOMIC:
13288       gcc_assert (OMP_ATOMIC_DEPENDENT_P (t));
13289       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)) != MODIFY_EXPR)
13290 	{
13291 	  tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
13292 	  tree rhs1 = NULL_TREE;
13293 	  tree lhs, rhs;
13294 	  if (TREE_CODE (op1) == COMPOUND_EXPR)
13295 	    {
13296 	      rhs1 = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0));
13297 	      op1 = TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1);
13298 	    }
13299 	  lhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0));
13300 	  rhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1));
13301 	  finish_omp_atomic (OMP_ATOMIC, TREE_CODE (op1), lhs, rhs,
13302 			     NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, rhs1);
13303 	}
13304       else
13305 	{
13306 	  tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
13307 	  tree v = NULL_TREE, lhs, rhs = NULL_TREE, lhs1 = NULL_TREE;
13308 	  tree rhs1 = NULL_TREE;
13309 	  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1));
13310 	  enum tree_code opcode = NOP_EXPR;
13311 	  if (code == OMP_ATOMIC_READ)
13312 	    {
13313 	      v = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0));
13314 	      lhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1), 0));
13315 	    }
13316 	  else if (code == OMP_ATOMIC_CAPTURE_OLD
13317 		   || code == OMP_ATOMIC_CAPTURE_NEW)
13318 	    {
13319 	      tree op11 = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1), 1);
13320 	      v = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0));
13321 	      lhs1 = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1), 0));
13322 	      if (TREE_CODE (op11) == COMPOUND_EXPR)
13323 		{
13324 		  rhs1 = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op11, 0));
13325 		  op11 = TREE_OPERAND (op11, 1);
13326 		}
13327 	      lhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op11, 0));
13328 	      rhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op11, 1));
13329 	      opcode = TREE_CODE (op11);
13330 	    }
13331 	  else
13332 	    {
13333 	      code = OMP_ATOMIC;
13334 	      lhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0));
13335 	      rhs = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 1));
13336 	    }
13337 	  finish_omp_atomic (code, opcode, lhs, rhs, v, lhs1, rhs1);
13338 	}
13339       break;
13340 
13341     case TRANSACTION_EXPR:
13342       {
13343 	int flags = 0;
13344 	flags |= (TRANSACTION_EXPR_OUTER (t) ? TM_STMT_ATTR_OUTER : 0);
13345 	flags |= (TRANSACTION_EXPR_RELAXED (t) ? TM_STMT_ATTR_RELAXED : 0);
13346 
13347         if (TRANSACTION_EXPR_IS_STMT (t))
13348           {
13349 	    tree body = TRANSACTION_EXPR_BODY (t);
13350 	    tree noex = NULL_TREE;
13351 	    if (TREE_CODE (body) == MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR)
13352 	      {
13353 		noex = MUST_NOT_THROW_COND (body);
13354 		if (noex == NULL_TREE)
13355 		  noex = boolean_true_node;
13356 		body = TREE_OPERAND (body, 0);
13357 	      }
13358             stmt = begin_transaction_stmt (input_location, NULL, flags);
13359             RECUR (body);
13360             finish_transaction_stmt (stmt, NULL, flags, RECUR (noex));
13361           }
13362         else
13363           {
13364             stmt = build_transaction_expr (EXPR_LOCATION (t),
13365 					   RECUR (TRANSACTION_EXPR_BODY (t)),
13366 					   flags, NULL_TREE);
13367             return stmt;
13368           }
13369       }
13370       break;
13371 
13372     case MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR:
13373       return build_must_not_throw_expr (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13374 					RECUR (MUST_NOT_THROW_COND (t)));
13375 
13376     case EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION:
13377       error ("invalid use of pack expansion expression");
13378       return error_mark_node;
13379 
13380     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
13381       error ("use %<...%> to expand argument pack");
13382       return error_mark_node;
13383 
13384     default:
13385       gcc_assert (!STATEMENT_CODE_P (TREE_CODE (t)));
13386 
13387       return tsubst_copy_and_build (t, args, complain, in_decl,
13388 				    /*function_p=*/false,
13389 				    integral_constant_expression_p);
13390     }
13391 
13392   return NULL_TREE;
13393 #undef RECUR
13394 }
13395 
13396 /* T is a postfix-expression that is not being used in a function
13397    call.  Return the substituted version of T.  */
13398 
13399 static tree
13400 tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (tree t, tree args,
13401 				    tsubst_flags_t complain,
13402 				    tree in_decl)
13403 {
13404   if (TREE_CODE (t) == SCOPE_REF)
13405     t = tsubst_qualified_id (t, args, complain, in_decl,
13406 			     /*done=*/false, /*address_p=*/false);
13407   else
13408     t = tsubst_copy_and_build (t, args, complain, in_decl,
13409 			       /*function_p=*/false,
13410 			       /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
13411 
13412   return t;
13413 }
13414 
13415 /* Like tsubst but deals with expressions and performs semantic
13416    analysis.  FUNCTION_P is true if T is the "F" in "F (ARGS)".  */
13417 
13418 tree
13419 tsubst_copy_and_build (tree t,
13420 		       tree args,
13421 		       tsubst_flags_t complain,
13422 		       tree in_decl,
13423 		       bool function_p,
13424 		       bool integral_constant_expression_p)
13425 {
13426 #define RECUR(NODE)						\
13427   tsubst_copy_and_build (NODE, args, complain, in_decl, 	\
13428 			 /*function_p=*/false,			\
13429 			 integral_constant_expression_p)
13430 
13431   tree op1;
13432 
13433   if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
13434     return t;
13435 
13436   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
13437     {
13438     case USING_DECL:
13439       t = DECL_NAME (t);
13440       /* Fall through.  */
13441     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
13442       {
13443 	tree decl;
13444 	cp_id_kind idk;
13445 	bool non_integral_constant_expression_p;
13446 	const char *error_msg;
13447 
13448 	if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (t))
13449 	  {
13450 	    tree new_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
13451 	    t = mangle_conv_op_name_for_type (new_type);
13452 	  }
13453 
13454 	/* Look up the name.  */
13455 	decl = lookup_name (t);
13456 
13457 	/* By convention, expressions use ERROR_MARK_NODE to indicate
13458 	   failure, not NULL_TREE.  */
13459 	if (decl == NULL_TREE)
13460 	  decl = error_mark_node;
13461 
13462 	decl = finish_id_expression (t, decl, NULL_TREE,
13463 				     &idk,
13464 				     integral_constant_expression_p,
13465           /*allow_non_integral_constant_expression_p=*/(cxx_dialect >= cxx0x),
13466 				     &non_integral_constant_expression_p,
13467 				     /*template_p=*/false,
13468 				     /*done=*/true,
13469 				     /*address_p=*/false,
13470 				     /*template_arg_p=*/false,
13471 				     &error_msg,
13472 				     input_location);
13473 	if (error_msg)
13474 	  error (error_msg);
13475 	if (!function_p && TREE_CODE (decl) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
13476 	  {
13477 	    if (complain & tf_error)
13478 	      unqualified_name_lookup_error (decl);
13479 	    decl = error_mark_node;
13480 	  }
13481 	return decl;
13482       }
13483 
13484     case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
13485       {
13486 	tree object;
13487 	tree templ = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
13488 	tree targs = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
13489 
13490 	if (targs)
13491 	  targs = tsubst_template_args (targs, args, complain, in_decl);
13492 
13493 	if (TREE_CODE (templ) == COMPONENT_REF)
13494 	  {
13495 	    object = TREE_OPERAND (templ, 0);
13496 	    templ = TREE_OPERAND (templ, 1);
13497 	  }
13498 	else
13499 	  object = NULL_TREE;
13500 	templ = lookup_template_function (templ, targs);
13501 
13502 	if (object)
13503 	  return build3 (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (templ),
13504 			 object, templ, NULL_TREE);
13505 	else
13506 	  return baselink_for_fns (templ);
13507       }
13508 
13509     case INDIRECT_REF:
13510       {
13511 	tree r = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
13512 
13513 	if (REFERENCE_REF_P (t))
13514 	  {
13515 	    /* A type conversion to reference type will be enclosed in
13516 	       such an indirect ref, but the substitution of the cast
13517 	       will have also added such an indirect ref.  */
13518 	    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (r)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
13519 	      r = convert_from_reference (r);
13520 	  }
13521 	else
13522 	  r = build_x_indirect_ref (r, RO_UNARY_STAR, complain);
13523 	return r;
13524       }
13525 
13526     case NOP_EXPR:
13527       return build_nop
13528 	(tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
13529 	 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
13530 
13531     case IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR:
13532       {
13533 	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
13534 	tree expr = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
13535 	int flags = LOOKUP_IMPLICIT;
13536 	if (IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR_DIRECT_INIT (t))
13537 	  flags = LOOKUP_NORMAL;
13538 	return perform_implicit_conversion_flags (type, expr, complain,
13539 						  flags);
13540       }
13541 
13542     case CONVERT_EXPR:
13543       return build1
13544 	(CONVERT_EXPR,
13545 	 tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl),
13546 	 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
13547 
13548     case CAST_EXPR:
13549     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
13550     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
13551     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
13552     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
13553       {
13554 	tree type;
13555 	tree op;
13556 
13557 	type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
13558 	if (integral_constant_expression_p
13559 	    && !cast_valid_in_integral_constant_expression_p (type))
13560 	  {
13561             if (complain & tf_error)
13562               error ("a cast to a type other than an integral or "
13563                      "enumeration type cannot appear in a constant-expression");
13564 	    return error_mark_node;
13565 	  }
13566 
13567 	op = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
13568 
13569 	switch (TREE_CODE (t))
13570 	  {
13571 	  case CAST_EXPR:
13572 	    return build_functional_cast (type, op, complain);
13573 	  case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
13574 	    return build_reinterpret_cast (type, op, complain);
13575 	  case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
13576 	    return build_const_cast (type, op, complain);
13577 	  case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
13578 	    return build_dynamic_cast (type, op, complain);
13579 	  case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
13580 	    return build_static_cast (type, op, complain);
13581 	  default:
13582 	    gcc_unreachable ();
13583 	  }
13584       }
13585 
13586     case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
13587     case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
13588       op1 = tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
13589 						args, complain, in_decl);
13590       return build_x_unary_op (TREE_CODE (t), op1, complain);
13591 
13592     case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
13593     case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
13594     case NEGATE_EXPR:
13595     case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
13596     case ABS_EXPR:
13597     case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
13598     case UNARY_PLUS_EXPR:  /* Unary + */
13599     case REALPART_EXPR:
13600     case IMAGPART_EXPR:
13601       return build_x_unary_op (TREE_CODE (t), RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13602                                complain);
13603 
13604     case FIX_TRUNC_EXPR:
13605       return cp_build_unary_op (FIX_TRUNC_EXPR, RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13606 				0, complain);
13607 
13608     case ADDR_EXPR:
13609       op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
13610       if (TREE_CODE (op1) == LABEL_DECL)
13611 	return finish_label_address_expr (DECL_NAME (op1),
13612 					  EXPR_LOCATION (op1));
13613       if (TREE_CODE (op1) == SCOPE_REF)
13614 	op1 = tsubst_qualified_id (op1, args, complain, in_decl,
13615 				   /*done=*/true, /*address_p=*/true);
13616       else
13617 	op1 = tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (op1, args, complain,
13618 						  in_decl);
13619       return build_x_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, op1, complain);
13620 
13621     case PLUS_EXPR:
13622     case MINUS_EXPR:
13623     case MULT_EXPR:
13624     case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
13625     case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:
13626     case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:
13627     case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:
13628     case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:
13629     case BIT_AND_EXPR:
13630     case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
13631     case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
13632     case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
13633     case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
13634     case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
13635     case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
13636     case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
13637     case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
13638     case RSHIFT_EXPR:
13639     case LSHIFT_EXPR:
13640     case RROTATE_EXPR:
13641     case LROTATE_EXPR:
13642     case EQ_EXPR:
13643     case NE_EXPR:
13644     case MAX_EXPR:
13645     case MIN_EXPR:
13646     case LE_EXPR:
13647     case GE_EXPR:
13648     case LT_EXPR:
13649     case GT_EXPR:
13650     case MEMBER_REF:
13651     case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
13652       {
13653 	tree r = build_x_binary_op
13654 	  (TREE_CODE (t),
13655 	   RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13656 	   (TREE_NO_WARNING (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))
13657 	    ? ERROR_MARK
13658 	    : TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))),
13659 	   RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
13660 	   (TREE_NO_WARNING (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1))
13661 	    ? ERROR_MARK
13662 	    : TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1))),
13663 	   /*overload=*/NULL,
13664 	   complain);
13665 	if (EXPR_P (r) && TREE_NO_WARNING (t))
13666 	  TREE_NO_WARNING (r) = TREE_NO_WARNING (t);
13667 	return r;
13668       }
13669 
13670     case SCOPE_REF:
13671       return tsubst_qualified_id (t, args, complain, in_decl, /*done=*/true,
13672 				  /*address_p=*/false);
13673     case ARRAY_REF:
13674       op1 = tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
13675 						args, complain, in_decl);
13676       return build_x_array_ref (op1, RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)), complain);
13677 
13678     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
13679       if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)))
13680 	return tsubst_copy (t, args, complain, in_decl);
13681       /* Fall through */
13682 
13683     case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
13684       op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
13685       if (!args)
13686 	{
13687 	  /* When there are no ARGS, we are trying to evaluate a
13688 	     non-dependent expression from the parser.  Trying to do
13689 	     the substitutions may not work.  */
13690 	  if (!TYPE_P (op1))
13691 	    op1 = TREE_TYPE (op1);
13692 	}
13693       else
13694 	{
13695 	  ++cp_unevaluated_operand;
13696 	  ++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13697 	  op1 = tsubst_copy_and_build (op1, args, complain, in_decl,
13698 				       /*function_p=*/false,
13699 				       /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
13700 	  --cp_unevaluated_operand;
13701 	  --c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13702 	}
13703       if (TYPE_P (op1))
13704 	return cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_type (op1, TREE_CODE (t),
13705                                            complain & tf_error);
13706       else
13707 	return cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_expr (op1, TREE_CODE (t),
13708                                            complain & tf_error);
13709 
13710     case AT_ENCODE_EXPR:
13711       {
13712 	op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
13713 	++cp_unevaluated_operand;
13714 	++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13715 	op1 = tsubst_copy_and_build (op1, args, complain, in_decl,
13716 				     /*function_p=*/false,
13717 				     /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
13718 	--cp_unevaluated_operand;
13719 	--c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13720 	return objc_build_encode_expr (op1);
13721       }
13722 
13723     case NOEXCEPT_EXPR:
13724       op1 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
13725       ++cp_unevaluated_operand;
13726       ++c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13727       op1 = tsubst_copy_and_build (op1, args, complain, in_decl,
13728 				   /*function_p=*/false,
13729 				   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
13730       --cp_unevaluated_operand;
13731       --c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings;
13732       return finish_noexcept_expr (op1, complain);
13733 
13734     case MODOP_EXPR:
13735       {
13736 	tree r = build_x_modify_expr
13737 	  (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13738 	   TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
13739 	   RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
13740 	   complain);
13741 	/* TREE_NO_WARNING must be set if either the expression was
13742 	   parenthesized or it uses an operator such as >>= rather
13743 	   than plain assignment.  In the former case, it was already
13744 	   set and must be copied.  In the latter case,
13745 	   build_x_modify_expr sets it and it must not be reset
13746 	   here.  */
13747 	if (TREE_NO_WARNING (t))
13748 	  TREE_NO_WARNING (r) = TREE_NO_WARNING (t);
13749 	return r;
13750       }
13751 
13752     case ARROW_EXPR:
13753       op1 = tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
13754 						args, complain, in_decl);
13755       /* Remember that there was a reference to this entity.  */
13756       if (DECL_P (op1))
13757 	mark_used (op1);
13758       return build_x_arrow (op1);
13759 
13760     case NEW_EXPR:
13761       {
13762 	tree placement = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
13763 	tree init = RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 3));
13764 	VEC(tree,gc) *placement_vec;
13765 	VEC(tree,gc) *init_vec;
13766 	tree ret;
13767 
13768 	if (placement == NULL_TREE)
13769 	  placement_vec = NULL;
13770 	else
13771 	  {
13772 	    placement_vec = make_tree_vector ();
13773 	    for (; placement != NULL_TREE; placement = TREE_CHAIN (placement))
13774 	      VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, placement_vec, TREE_VALUE (placement));
13775 	  }
13776 
13777 	/* If there was an initializer in the original tree, but it
13778 	   instantiated to an empty list, then we should pass a
13779 	   non-NULL empty vector to tell build_new that it was an
13780 	   empty initializer() rather than no initializer.  This can
13781 	   only happen when the initializer is a pack expansion whose
13782 	   parameter packs are of length zero.  */
13783 	if (init == NULL_TREE && TREE_OPERAND (t, 3) == NULL_TREE)
13784 	  init_vec = NULL;
13785 	else
13786 	  {
13787 	    init_vec = make_tree_vector ();
13788 	    if (init == void_zero_node)
13789 	      gcc_assert (init_vec != NULL);
13790 	    else
13791 	      {
13792 		for (; init != NULL_TREE; init = TREE_CHAIN (init))
13793 		  VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, init_vec, TREE_VALUE (init));
13794 	      }
13795 	  }
13796 
13797 	ret = build_new (&placement_vec,
13798 			 tsubst (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), args, complain, in_decl),
13799 			 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
13800 			 &init_vec,
13801 			 NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t),
13802 			 complain);
13803 
13804 	if (placement_vec != NULL)
13805 	  release_tree_vector (placement_vec);
13806 	if (init_vec != NULL)
13807 	  release_tree_vector (init_vec);
13808 
13809 	return ret;
13810       }
13811 
13812     case DELETE_EXPR:
13813      return delete_sanity
13814        (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13815 	RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
13816 	DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t),
13817 	DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t),
13818 	complain);
13819 
13820     case COMPOUND_EXPR:
13821       return build_x_compound_expr (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
13822 				    RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
13823                                     complain);
13824 
13825     case CALL_EXPR:
13826       {
13827 	tree function;
13828 	VEC(tree,gc) *call_args;
13829 	unsigned int nargs, i;
13830 	bool qualified_p;
13831 	bool koenig_p;
13832 	tree ret;
13833 
13834 	function = CALL_EXPR_FN (t);
13835 	/* When we parsed the expression,  we determined whether or
13836 	   not Koenig lookup should be performed.  */
13837 	koenig_p = KOENIG_LOOKUP_P (t);
13838 	if (TREE_CODE (function) == SCOPE_REF)
13839 	  {
13840 	    qualified_p = true;
13841 	    function = tsubst_qualified_id (function, args, complain, in_decl,
13842 					    /*done=*/false,
13843 					    /*address_p=*/false);
13844 	  }
13845 	else if (koenig_p && TREE_CODE (function) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
13846 	  {
13847 	    /* Do nothing; calling tsubst_copy_and_build on an identifier
13848 	       would incorrectly perform unqualified lookup again.
13849 
13850 	       Note that we can also have an IDENTIFIER_NODE if the earlier
13851 	       unqualified lookup found a member function; in that case
13852 	       koenig_p will be false and we do want to do the lookup
13853 	       again to find the instantiated member function.
13854 
13855 	       FIXME but doing that causes c++/15272, so we need to stop
13856 	       using IDENTIFIER_NODE in that situation.  */
13857 	    qualified_p = false;
13858 	  }
13859 	else
13860 	  {
13861 	    if (TREE_CODE (function) == COMPONENT_REF)
13862 	      {
13863 		tree op = TREE_OPERAND (function, 1);
13864 
13865 		qualified_p = (TREE_CODE (op) == SCOPE_REF
13866 			       || (BASELINK_P (op)
13867 				   && BASELINK_QUALIFIED_P (op)));
13868 	      }
13869 	    else
13870 	      qualified_p = false;
13871 
13872 	    function = tsubst_copy_and_build (function, args, complain,
13873 					      in_decl,
13874 					      !qualified_p,
13875 					      integral_constant_expression_p);
13876 
13877 	    if (BASELINK_P (function))
13878 	      qualified_p = true;
13879 	  }
13880 
13881 	nargs = call_expr_nargs (t);
13882 	call_args = make_tree_vector ();
13883 	for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
13884 	  {
13885 	    tree arg = CALL_EXPR_ARG (t, i);
13886 
13887 	    if (!PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
13888 	      VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, call_args,
13889 			     RECUR (CALL_EXPR_ARG (t, i)));
13890 	    else
13891 	      {
13892 		/* Expand the pack expansion and push each entry onto
13893 		   CALL_ARGS.  */
13894 		arg = tsubst_pack_expansion (arg, args, complain, in_decl);
13895 		if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_VEC)
13896 		  {
13897 		    unsigned int len, j;
13898 
13899 		    len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg);
13900 		    for (j = 0; j < len; ++j)
13901 		      {
13902 			tree value = TREE_VEC_ELT (arg, j);
13903 			if (value != NULL_TREE)
13904 			  value = convert_from_reference (value);
13905 			VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, call_args, value);
13906 		      }
13907 		  }
13908 		else
13909 		  {
13910 		    /* A partial substitution.  Add one entry.  */
13911 		    VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, call_args, arg);
13912 		  }
13913 	      }
13914 	  }
13915 
13916 	/* We do not perform argument-dependent lookup if normal
13917 	   lookup finds a non-function, in accordance with the
13918 	   expected resolution of DR 218.  */
13919 	if (koenig_p
13920 	    && ((is_overloaded_fn (function)
13921 		 /* If lookup found a member function, the Koenig lookup is
13922 		    not appropriate, even if an unqualified-name was used
13923 		    to denote the function.  */
13924 		 && !DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (get_first_fn (function)))
13925 		|| TREE_CODE (function) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
13926 	    /* Only do this when substitution turns a dependent call
13927 	       into a non-dependent call.  */
13928 	    && type_dependent_expression_p_push (t)
13929 	    && !any_type_dependent_arguments_p (call_args))
13930 	  function = perform_koenig_lookup (function, call_args, false,
13931 					    tf_none);
13932 
13933 	if (TREE_CODE (function) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
13934 	    && !any_type_dependent_arguments_p (call_args))
13935 	  {
13936 	    if (koenig_p && (complain & tf_warning_or_error))
13937 	      {
13938 		/* For backwards compatibility and good diagnostics, try
13939 		   the unqualified lookup again if we aren't in SFINAE
13940 		   context.  */
13941 		tree unq = (tsubst_copy_and_build
13942 			    (function, args, complain, in_decl, true,
13943 			     integral_constant_expression_p));
13944 		if (unq == error_mark_node)
13945 		  return error_mark_node;
13946 
13947 		if (unq != function)
13948 		  {
13949 		    tree fn = unq;
13950 		    if (TREE_CODE (fn) == INDIRECT_REF)
13951 		      fn = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0);
13952 		    if (TREE_CODE (fn) == COMPONENT_REF)
13953 		      fn = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 1);
13954 		    if (is_overloaded_fn (fn))
13955 		      fn = get_first_fn (fn);
13956 		    permerror (EXPR_LOC_OR_HERE (t),
13957 			       "%qD was not declared in this scope, "
13958 			       "and no declarations were found by "
13959 			       "argument-dependent lookup at the point "
13960 			       "of instantiation", function);
13961 		    if (!DECL_P (fn))
13962 		      /* Can't say anything more.  */;
13963 		    else if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (fn))
13964 		      {
13965 			inform (EXPR_LOC_OR_HERE (t),
13966 				"declarations in dependent base %qT are "
13967 				"not found by unqualified lookup",
13968 				DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (fn));
13969 			if (current_class_ptr)
13970 			  inform (EXPR_LOC_OR_HERE (t),
13971 				  "use %<this->%D%> instead", function);
13972 			else
13973 			  inform (EXPR_LOC_OR_HERE (t),
13974 				  "use %<%T::%D%> instead",
13975 				  current_class_name, function);
13976 		      }
13977 		    else
13978 		      inform (0, "%q+D declared here, later in the "
13979 				"translation unit", fn);
13980 		    function = unq;
13981 		  }
13982 	      }
13983 	    if (TREE_CODE (function) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
13984 	      {
13985 		unqualified_name_lookup_error (function);
13986 		release_tree_vector (call_args);
13987 		return error_mark_node;
13988 	      }
13989 	  }
13990 
13991 	/* Remember that there was a reference to this entity.  */
13992 	if (DECL_P (function))
13993 	  mark_used (function);
13994 
13995 	if (TREE_CODE (function) == OFFSET_REF)
13996 	  ret = build_offset_ref_call_from_tree (function, &call_args);
13997 	else if (TREE_CODE (function) == COMPONENT_REF)
13998 	  {
13999 	    tree instance = TREE_OPERAND (function, 0);
14000 	    tree fn = TREE_OPERAND (function, 1);
14001 
14002 	    if (processing_template_decl
14003 		&& (type_dependent_expression_p (instance)
14004 		    || (!BASELINK_P (fn)
14005 			&& TREE_CODE (fn) != FIELD_DECL)
14006 		    || type_dependent_expression_p (fn)
14007 		    || any_type_dependent_arguments_p (call_args)))
14008 	      ret = build_nt_call_vec (function, call_args);
14009 	    else if (!BASELINK_P (fn))
14010 	      ret = finish_call_expr (function, &call_args,
14011 				       /*disallow_virtual=*/false,
14012 				       /*koenig_p=*/false,
14013 				       complain);
14014 	    else
14015 	      ret = (build_new_method_call
14016 		      (instance, fn,
14017 		       &call_args, NULL_TREE,
14018 		       qualified_p ? LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL : LOOKUP_NORMAL,
14019 		       /*fn_p=*/NULL,
14020 		       complain));
14021 	  }
14022 	else
14023 	  ret = finish_call_expr (function, &call_args,
14024 				  /*disallow_virtual=*/qualified_p,
14025 				  koenig_p,
14026 				  complain);
14027 
14028 	release_tree_vector (call_args);
14029 
14030 	return ret;
14031       }
14032 
14033     case COND_EXPR:
14034       return build_x_conditional_expr
14035 	(RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
14036 	 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
14037 	 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
14038          complain);
14039 
14040     case PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR:
14041       return finish_pseudo_destructor_expr
14042 	(RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
14043 	 RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
14044 	 tsubst (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2), args, complain, in_decl));
14045 
14046     case TREE_LIST:
14047       {
14048 	tree purpose, value, chain;
14049 
14050 	if (t == void_list_node)
14051 	  return t;
14052 
14053         if ((TREE_PURPOSE (t) && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_PURPOSE (t)))
14054             || (TREE_VALUE (t) && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VALUE (t))))
14055           {
14056             /* We have pack expansions, so expand those and
14057                create a new list out of it.  */
14058             tree purposevec = NULL_TREE;
14059             tree valuevec = NULL_TREE;
14060             tree chain;
14061             int i, len = -1;
14062 
14063             /* Expand the argument expressions.  */
14064             if (TREE_PURPOSE (t))
14065               purposevec = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_PURPOSE (t), args,
14066                                                  complain, in_decl);
14067             if (TREE_VALUE (t))
14068               valuevec = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_VALUE (t), args,
14069                                                complain, in_decl);
14070 
14071             /* Build the rest of the list.  */
14072             chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
14073             if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
14074               chain = RECUR (chain);
14075 
14076             /* Determine the number of arguments.  */
14077             if (purposevec && TREE_CODE (purposevec) == TREE_VEC)
14078               {
14079                 len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (purposevec);
14080                 gcc_assert (!valuevec || len == TREE_VEC_LENGTH (valuevec));
14081               }
14082             else if (TREE_CODE (valuevec) == TREE_VEC)
14083               len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (valuevec);
14084             else
14085               {
14086                 /* Since we only performed a partial substitution into
14087                    the argument pack, we only return a single list
14088                    node.  */
14089                 if (purposevec == TREE_PURPOSE (t)
14090                     && valuevec == TREE_VALUE (t)
14091                     && chain == TREE_CHAIN (t))
14092                   return t;
14093 
14094                 return tree_cons (purposevec, valuevec, chain);
14095               }
14096 
14097             /* Convert the argument vectors into a TREE_LIST */
14098             i = len;
14099             while (i > 0)
14100               {
14101                 /* Grab the Ith values.  */
14102                 i--;
14103                 purpose = purposevec ? TREE_VEC_ELT (purposevec, i)
14104 		                     : NULL_TREE;
14105                 value
14106 		  = valuevec ? convert_from_reference (TREE_VEC_ELT (valuevec, i))
14107                              : NULL_TREE;
14108 
14109                 /* Build the list (backwards).  */
14110                 chain = tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
14111               }
14112 
14113             return chain;
14114           }
14115 
14116 	purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
14117 	if (purpose)
14118 	  purpose = RECUR (purpose);
14119 	value = TREE_VALUE (t);
14120 	if (value)
14121 	  value = RECUR (value);
14122 	chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
14123 	if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
14124 	  chain = RECUR (chain);
14125 	if (purpose == TREE_PURPOSE (t)
14126 	    && value == TREE_VALUE (t)
14127 	    && chain == TREE_CHAIN (t))
14128 	  return t;
14129 	return tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
14130       }
14131 
14132     case COMPONENT_REF:
14133       {
14134 	tree object;
14135 	tree object_type;
14136 	tree member;
14137 
14138 	object = tsubst_non_call_postfix_expression (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
14139 						     args, complain, in_decl);
14140 	/* Remember that there was a reference to this entity.  */
14141 	if (DECL_P (object))
14142 	  mark_used (object);
14143 	object_type = TREE_TYPE (object);
14144 
14145 	member = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
14146 	if (BASELINK_P (member))
14147 	  member = tsubst_baselink (member,
14148 				    non_reference (TREE_TYPE (object)),
14149 				    args, complain, in_decl);
14150 	else
14151 	  member = tsubst_copy (member, args, complain, in_decl);
14152 	if (member == error_mark_node)
14153 	  return error_mark_node;
14154 
14155 	if (type_dependent_expression_p (object))
14156 	  /* We can't do much here.  */;
14157 	else if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (object_type))
14158 	  {
14159 	    if (SCALAR_TYPE_P (object_type))
14160 	      {
14161 		tree s = NULL_TREE;
14162 		tree dtor = member;
14163 
14164 		if (TREE_CODE (dtor) == SCOPE_REF)
14165 		  {
14166 		    s = TREE_OPERAND (dtor, 0);
14167 		    dtor = TREE_OPERAND (dtor, 1);
14168 		  }
14169 		if (TREE_CODE (dtor) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
14170 		  {
14171 		    dtor = TREE_OPERAND (dtor, 0);
14172 		    if (TYPE_P (dtor))
14173 		      return finish_pseudo_destructor_expr (object, s, dtor);
14174 		  }
14175 	      }
14176 	  }
14177 	else if (TREE_CODE (member) == SCOPE_REF
14178 		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (member, 1)) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
14179 	  {
14180 	    /* Lookup the template functions now that we know what the
14181 	       scope is.  */
14182 	    tree scope = TREE_OPERAND (member, 0);
14183 	    tree tmpl = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (member, 1), 0);
14184 	    tree args = TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (member, 1), 1);
14185 	    member = lookup_qualified_name (scope, tmpl,
14186 					    /*is_type_p=*/false,
14187 					    /*complain=*/false);
14188 	    if (BASELINK_P (member))
14189 	      {
14190 		BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (member)
14191 		  = build_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (member),
14192 			      args);
14193 		member = (adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup
14194 			  (member, BINFO_TYPE (BASELINK_BINFO (member)),
14195 			   object_type));
14196 	      }
14197 	    else
14198 	      {
14199 		qualified_name_lookup_error (scope, tmpl, member,
14200 					     input_location);
14201 		return error_mark_node;
14202 	      }
14203 	  }
14204 	else if (TREE_CODE (member) == SCOPE_REF
14205 		 && !CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_OPERAND (member, 0))
14206 		 && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (member, 0)) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
14207 	  {
14208 	    if (complain & tf_error)
14209 	      {
14210 		if (TYPE_P (TREE_OPERAND (member, 0)))
14211 		  error ("%qT is not a class or namespace",
14212 			 TREE_OPERAND (member, 0));
14213 		else
14214 		  error ("%qD is not a class or namespace",
14215 			 TREE_OPERAND (member, 0));
14216 	      }
14217 	    return error_mark_node;
14218 	  }
14219 	else if (TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL)
14220 	  return finish_non_static_data_member (member, object, NULL_TREE);
14221 
14222 	return finish_class_member_access_expr (object, member,
14223 						/*template_p=*/false,
14224 						complain);
14225       }
14226 
14227     case THROW_EXPR:
14228       return build_throw
14229 	(RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
14230 
14231     case CONSTRUCTOR:
14232       {
14233 	VEC(constructor_elt,gc) *n;
14234 	constructor_elt *ce;
14235 	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
14236 	tree type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
14237 	bool process_index_p;
14238         int newlen;
14239         bool need_copy_p = false;
14240 	tree r;
14241 
14242 	if (type == error_mark_node)
14243 	  return error_mark_node;
14244 
14245 	/* digest_init will do the wrong thing if we let it.  */
14246 	if (type && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
14247 	  return t;
14248 
14249 	/* We do not want to process the index of aggregate
14250 	   initializers as they are identifier nodes which will be
14251 	   looked up by digest_init.  */
14252 	process_index_p = !(type && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (type));
14253 
14254 	n = VEC_copy (constructor_elt, gc, CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (t));
14255         newlen = VEC_length (constructor_elt, n);
14256 	FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (constructor_elt, n, idx, ce)
14257 	  {
14258 	    if (ce->index && process_index_p)
14259 	      ce->index = RECUR (ce->index);
14260 
14261             if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (ce->value))
14262               {
14263                 /* Substitute into the pack expansion.  */
14264                 ce->value = tsubst_pack_expansion (ce->value, args, complain,
14265                                                   in_decl);
14266 
14267 		if (ce->value == error_mark_node
14268 		    || PACK_EXPANSION_P (ce->value))
14269 		  ;
14270 		else if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ce->value) == 1)
14271                   /* Just move the argument into place.  */
14272                   ce->value = TREE_VEC_ELT (ce->value, 0);
14273                 else
14274                   {
14275                     /* Update the length of the final CONSTRUCTOR
14276                        arguments vector, and note that we will need to
14277                        copy.*/
14278                     newlen = newlen + TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ce->value) - 1;
14279                     need_copy_p = true;
14280                   }
14281               }
14282             else
14283               ce->value = RECUR (ce->value);
14284 	  }
14285 
14286         if (need_copy_p)
14287           {
14288             VEC(constructor_elt,gc) *old_n = n;
14289 
14290             n = VEC_alloc (constructor_elt, gc, newlen);
14291             FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (constructor_elt, old_n, idx, ce)
14292               {
14293                 if (TREE_CODE (ce->value) == TREE_VEC)
14294                   {
14295                     int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (ce->value);
14296                     for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
14297                       CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (n, 0,
14298                                               TREE_VEC_ELT (ce->value, i));
14299                   }
14300                 else
14301                   CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT (n, 0, ce->value);
14302               }
14303           }
14304 
14305 	r = build_constructor (init_list_type_node, n);
14306 	CONSTRUCTOR_IS_DIRECT_INIT (r) = CONSTRUCTOR_IS_DIRECT_INIT (t);
14307 
14308 	if (TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (t))
14309 	  return finish_compound_literal (type, r, complain);
14310 
14311 	TREE_TYPE (r) = type;
14312 	return r;
14313       }
14314 
14315     case TYPEID_EXPR:
14316       {
14317 	tree operand_0 = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
14318 	if (TYPE_P (operand_0))
14319 	  {
14320 	    operand_0 = tsubst (operand_0, args, complain, in_decl);
14321 	    return get_typeid (operand_0);
14322 	  }
14323 	else
14324 	  {
14325 	    operand_0 = RECUR (operand_0);
14326 	    return build_typeid (operand_0);
14327 	  }
14328       }
14329 
14330     case VAR_DECL:
14331       if (!args)
14332 	return t;
14333       /* Fall through */
14334 
14335     case PARM_DECL:
14336       {
14337 	tree r = tsubst_copy (t, args, complain, in_decl);
14338 
14339 	if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
14340 	  /* If the original type was a reference, we'll be wrapped in
14341 	     the appropriate INDIRECT_REF.  */
14342 	  r = convert_from_reference (r);
14343 	return r;
14344       }
14345 
14346     case VA_ARG_EXPR:
14347       return build_x_va_arg (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
14348 			     tsubst (TREE_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl));
14349 
14350     case OFFSETOF_EXPR:
14351       return finish_offsetof (RECUR (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
14352 
14353     case TRAIT_EXPR:
14354       {
14355 	tree type1 = tsubst_copy (TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE1 (t), args,
14356 				  complain, in_decl);
14357 
14358 	tree type2 = TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE2 (t);
14359 	if (type2)
14360 	  type2 = tsubst_copy (type2, args, complain, in_decl);
14361 
14362 	return finish_trait_expr (TRAIT_EXPR_KIND (t), type1, type2);
14363       }
14364 
14365     case STMT_EXPR:
14366       {
14367 	tree old_stmt_expr = cur_stmt_expr;
14368 	tree stmt_expr = begin_stmt_expr ();
14369 
14370 	cur_stmt_expr = stmt_expr;
14371 	tsubst_expr (STMT_EXPR_STMT (t), args, complain, in_decl,
14372 		     integral_constant_expression_p);
14373 	stmt_expr = finish_stmt_expr (stmt_expr, false);
14374 	cur_stmt_expr = old_stmt_expr;
14375 
14376 	/* If the resulting list of expression statement is empty,
14377 	   fold it further into void_zero_node.  */
14378 	if (empty_expr_stmt_p (stmt_expr))
14379 	  stmt_expr = void_zero_node;
14380 
14381 	return stmt_expr;
14382       }
14383 
14384     case CONST_DECL:
14385       t = tsubst_copy (t, args, complain, in_decl);
14386       /* As in finish_id_expression, we resolve enumeration constants
14387 	 to their underlying values.  */
14388       if (TREE_CODE (t) == CONST_DECL && !processing_template_decl)
14389 	{
14390 	  used_types_insert (TREE_TYPE (t));
14391 	  return DECL_INITIAL (t);
14392 	}
14393       return t;
14394 
14395     case LAMBDA_EXPR:
14396       {
14397 	tree r = build_lambda_expr ();
14398 
14399 	tree type = tsubst (LAMBDA_EXPR_CLOSURE (t), args, complain, NULL_TREE);
14400 	LAMBDA_EXPR_CLOSURE (r) = type;
14401 	CLASSTYPE_LAMBDA_EXPR (type) = r;
14402 
14403 	LAMBDA_EXPR_LOCATION (r)
14404 	  = LAMBDA_EXPR_LOCATION (t);
14405 	LAMBDA_EXPR_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_MODE (r)
14406 	  = LAMBDA_EXPR_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_MODE (t);
14407 	LAMBDA_EXPR_MUTABLE_P (r) = LAMBDA_EXPR_MUTABLE_P (t);
14408 	LAMBDA_EXPR_DISCRIMINATOR (r)
14409 	  = (LAMBDA_EXPR_DISCRIMINATOR (t));
14410 	LAMBDA_EXPR_EXTRA_SCOPE (r)
14411 	  = RECUR (LAMBDA_EXPR_EXTRA_SCOPE (t));
14412 	if (LAMBDA_EXPR_RETURN_TYPE (t) == dependent_lambda_return_type_node)
14413 	  {
14414 	    LAMBDA_EXPR_RETURN_TYPE (r) = dependent_lambda_return_type_node;
14415 	    LAMBDA_EXPR_DEDUCE_RETURN_TYPE_P (r) = true;
14416 	  }
14417 	else
14418 	  LAMBDA_EXPR_RETURN_TYPE (r)
14419 	    = tsubst (LAMBDA_EXPR_RETURN_TYPE (t), args, complain, in_decl);
14420 
14421 	gcc_assert (LAMBDA_EXPR_THIS_CAPTURE (t) == NULL_TREE
14422 		    && LAMBDA_EXPR_PENDING_PROXIES (t) == NULL);
14423 
14424 	/* Do this again now that LAMBDA_EXPR_EXTRA_SCOPE is set.  */
14425 	determine_visibility (TYPE_NAME (type));
14426 	/* Now that we know visibility, instantiate the type so we have a
14427 	   declaration of the op() for later calls to lambda_function.  */
14428 	complete_type (type);
14429 
14430 	/* The capture list refers to closure members, so this needs to
14431 	   wait until after we finish instantiating the type.  */
14432 	LAMBDA_EXPR_CAPTURE_LIST (r)
14433 	  = RECUR (LAMBDA_EXPR_CAPTURE_LIST (t));
14434 
14435 	return build_lambda_object (r);
14436       }
14437 
14438     case TARGET_EXPR:
14439       /* We can get here for a constant initializer of non-dependent type.
14440          FIXME stop folding in cp_parser_initializer_clause.  */
14441       gcc_assert (TREE_CONSTANT (t));
14442       {
14443 	tree r = get_target_expr (RECUR (TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (t)));
14444 	TREE_CONSTANT (r) = true;
14445 	return r;
14446       }
14447 
14448     case TRANSACTION_EXPR:
14449       return tsubst_expr(t, args, complain, in_decl,
14450 	     integral_constant_expression_p);
14451 
14452     default:
14453       /* Handle Objective-C++ constructs, if appropriate.  */
14454       {
14455 	tree subst
14456 	  = objcp_tsubst_copy_and_build (t, args, complain,
14457 					 in_decl, /*function_p=*/false);
14458 	if (subst)
14459 	  return subst;
14460       }
14461       return tsubst_copy (t, args, complain, in_decl);
14462     }
14463 
14464 #undef RECUR
14465 }
14466 
14467 /* Verify that the instantiated ARGS are valid. For type arguments,
14468    make sure that the type's linkage is ok. For non-type arguments,
14469    make sure they are constants if they are integral or enumerations.
14470    Emit an error under control of COMPLAIN, and return TRUE on error.  */
14471 
14472 static bool
14473 check_instantiated_arg (tree tmpl, tree t, tsubst_flags_t complain)
14474 {
14475   if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (t))
14476     {
14477       tree vec = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (t);
14478       int len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (vec);
14479       bool result = false;
14480       int i;
14481 
14482       for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
14483 	if (check_instantiated_arg (tmpl, TREE_VEC_ELT (vec, i), complain))
14484 	  result = true;
14485       return result;
14486     }
14487   else if (TYPE_P (t))
14488     {
14489       /* [basic.link]: A name with no linkage (notably, the name
14490 	 of a class or enumeration declared in a local scope)
14491 	 shall not be used to declare an entity with linkage.
14492 	 This implies that names with no linkage cannot be used as
14493 	 template arguments
14494 
14495 	 DR 757 relaxes this restriction for C++0x.  */
14496       tree nt = (cxx_dialect > cxx98 ? NULL_TREE
14497 		 : no_linkage_check (t, /*relaxed_p=*/false));
14498 
14499       if (nt)
14500 	{
14501 	  /* DR 488 makes use of a type with no linkage cause
14502 	     type deduction to fail.  */
14503 	  if (complain & tf_error)
14504 	    {
14505 	      if (TYPE_ANONYMOUS_P (nt))
14506 		error ("%qT is/uses anonymous type", t);
14507 	      else
14508 		error ("template argument for %qD uses local type %qT",
14509 		       tmpl, t);
14510 	    }
14511 	  return true;
14512 	}
14513       /* In order to avoid all sorts of complications, we do not
14514 	 allow variably-modified types as template arguments.  */
14515       else if (variably_modified_type_p (t, NULL_TREE))
14516 	{
14517 	  if (complain & tf_error)
14518 	    error ("%qT is a variably modified type", t);
14519 	  return true;
14520 	}
14521     }
14522   /* A non-type argument of integral or enumerated type must be a
14523      constant.  */
14524   else if (TREE_TYPE (t)
14525 	   && INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t))
14526 	   && !TREE_CONSTANT (t))
14527     {
14528       if (complain & tf_error)
14529 	error ("integral expression %qE is not constant", t);
14530       return true;
14531     }
14532   return false;
14533 }
14534 
14535 static bool
14536 check_instantiated_args (tree tmpl, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
14537 {
14538   int ix, len = DECL_NTPARMS (tmpl);
14539   bool result = false;
14540 
14541   for (ix = 0; ix != len; ix++)
14542     {
14543       if (check_instantiated_arg (tmpl, TREE_VEC_ELT (args, ix), complain))
14544 	result = true;
14545     }
14546   if (result && (complain & tf_error))
14547     error ("  trying to instantiate %qD", tmpl);
14548   return result;
14549 }
14550 
14551 /* In C++0x, it's possible to have a function template whose type depends
14552    on itself recursively.  This is most obvious with decltype, but can also
14553    occur with enumeration scope (c++/48969).  So we need to catch infinite
14554    recursion and reject the substitution at deduction time; this function
14555    will return error_mark_node for any repeated substitution.
14556 
14557    This also catches excessive recursion such as when f<N> depends on
14558    f<N-1> across all integers, and returns error_mark_node for all the
14559    substitutions back up to the initial one.
14560 
14561    This is, of course, not reentrant.  */
14562 
14563 static tree
14564 deduction_tsubst_fntype (tree fn, tree targs, tsubst_flags_t complain)
14565 {
14566   static bool excessive_deduction_depth;
14567   static int deduction_depth;
14568   struct pending_template *old_last_pend = last_pending_template;
14569   struct tinst_level *old_error_tinst = last_error_tinst_level;
14570 
14571   tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (fn);
14572   tree tinst;
14573   tree r;
14574 
14575   if (excessive_deduction_depth)
14576     return error_mark_node;
14577 
14578   tinst = build_tree_list (fn, targs);
14579   if (!push_tinst_level (tinst))
14580     {
14581       excessive_deduction_depth = true;
14582       ggc_free (tinst);
14583       return error_mark_node;
14584     }
14585 
14586   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn);
14587   ++deduction_depth;
14588   push_deduction_access_scope (fn);
14589   r = tsubst (fntype, targs, complain, NULL_TREE);
14590   pop_deduction_access_scope (fn);
14591   --deduction_depth;
14592 
14593   if (excessive_deduction_depth)
14594     {
14595       r = error_mark_node;
14596       if (deduction_depth == 0)
14597 	/* Reset once we're all the way out.  */
14598 	excessive_deduction_depth = false;
14599     }
14600 
14601   pop_tinst_level ();
14602   /* We can't free this if a pending_template entry or last_error_tinst_level
14603      is pointing at it.  */
14604   if (last_pending_template == old_last_pend
14605       && last_error_tinst_level == old_error_tinst)
14606     ggc_free (tinst);
14607   return r;
14608 }
14609 
14610 /* Instantiate the indicated variable or function template TMPL with
14611    the template arguments in TARG_PTR.  */
14612 
14613 static tree
14614 instantiate_template_1 (tree tmpl, tree orig_args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
14615 {
14616   tree targ_ptr = orig_args;
14617   tree fndecl;
14618   tree gen_tmpl;
14619   tree spec;
14620 
14621   if (tmpl == error_mark_node)
14622     return error_mark_node;
14623 
14624   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_DECL);
14625 
14626   /* If this function is a clone, handle it specially.  */
14627   if (DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (tmpl))
14628     {
14629       tree spec;
14630       tree clone;
14631 
14632       /* Use DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN because only FUNCTION_DECLs have
14633 	 DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION.  */
14634       spec = instantiate_template (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (tmpl),
14635 				   targ_ptr, complain);
14636       if (spec == error_mark_node)
14637 	return error_mark_node;
14638 
14639       /* Look for the clone.  */
14640       FOR_EACH_CLONE (clone, spec)
14641 	if (DECL_NAME (clone) == DECL_NAME (tmpl))
14642 	  return clone;
14643       /* We should always have found the clone by now.  */
14644       gcc_unreachable ();
14645       return NULL_TREE;
14646     }
14647 
14648   /* Check to see if we already have this specialization.  */
14649   gen_tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
14650   if (tmpl != gen_tmpl)
14651     /* The TMPL is a partial instantiation.  To get a full set of
14652        arguments we must add the arguments used to perform the
14653        partial instantiation.  */
14654     targ_ptr = add_outermost_template_args (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl),
14655 					    targ_ptr);
14656 
14657   /* It would be nice to avoid hashing here and then again in tsubst_decl,
14658      but it doesn't seem to be on the hot path.  */
14659   spec = retrieve_specialization (gen_tmpl, targ_ptr, 0);
14660 
14661   gcc_assert (tmpl == gen_tmpl
14662 	      || ((fndecl = retrieve_specialization (tmpl, orig_args, 0))
14663 		  == spec)
14664 	      || fndecl == NULL_TREE);
14665 
14666   if (spec != NULL_TREE)
14667     return spec;
14668 
14669   if (check_instantiated_args (gen_tmpl, INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targ_ptr),
14670 			       complain))
14671     return error_mark_node;
14672 
14673   /* We are building a FUNCTION_DECL, during which the access of its
14674      parameters and return types have to be checked.  However this
14675      FUNCTION_DECL which is the desired context for access checking
14676      is not built yet.  We solve this chicken-and-egg problem by
14677      deferring all checks until we have the FUNCTION_DECL.  */
14678   push_deferring_access_checks (dk_deferred);
14679 
14680   /* Instantiation of the function happens in the context of the function
14681      template, not the context of the overload resolution we're doing.  */
14682   push_to_top_level ();
14683   if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (gen_tmpl))
14684     {
14685       tree ctx = tsubst (DECL_CONTEXT (gen_tmpl), targ_ptr,
14686 			 complain, gen_tmpl);
14687       push_nested_class (ctx);
14688     }
14689   /* Substitute template parameters to obtain the specialization.  */
14690   fndecl = tsubst (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (gen_tmpl),
14691 		   targ_ptr, complain, gen_tmpl);
14692   if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (gen_tmpl))
14693     pop_nested_class ();
14694   pop_from_top_level ();
14695 
14696   if (fndecl == error_mark_node)
14697     return error_mark_node;
14698 
14699   /* Now we know the specialization, compute access previously
14700      deferred.  */
14701   push_access_scope (fndecl);
14702 
14703   /* Some typedefs referenced from within the template code need to be access
14704      checked at template instantiation time, i.e now. These types were
14705      added to the template at parsing time. Let's get those and perfom
14706      the acces checks then.  */
14707   perform_typedefs_access_check (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl), targ_ptr);
14708   perform_deferred_access_checks ();
14709   pop_access_scope (fndecl);
14710   pop_deferring_access_checks ();
14711 
14712   /* The DECL_TI_TEMPLATE should always be the immediate parent
14713      template, not the most general template.  */
14714   DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fndecl) = tmpl;
14715 
14716   /* If we've just instantiated the main entry point for a function,
14717      instantiate all the alternate entry points as well.  We do this
14718      by cloning the instantiation of the main entry point, not by
14719      instantiating the template clones.  */
14720   if (DECL_CHAIN (gen_tmpl) && DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (DECL_CHAIN (gen_tmpl)))
14721     clone_function_decl (fndecl, /*update_method_vec_p=*/0);
14722 
14723   return fndecl;
14724 }
14725 
14726 /* Wrapper for instantiate_template_1.  */
14727 
14728 tree
14729 instantiate_template (tree tmpl, tree orig_args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
14730 {
14731   tree ret;
14732   timevar_push (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
14733   ret = instantiate_template_1 (tmpl, orig_args,  complain);
14734   timevar_pop (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
14735   return ret;
14736 }
14737 
14738 /* We're going to do deduction substitution on the type of TMPL, a function
14739    template.  In C++11 mode, push into that access scope.  In C++03 mode,
14740    disable access checking.  */
14741 
14742 static void
14743 push_deduction_access_scope (tree tmpl)
14744 {
14745   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
14746     {
14747       int ptd = processing_template_decl;
14748       push_access_scope (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl));
14749       /* Preserve processing_template_decl across push_to_top_level.  */
14750       if (ptd && !processing_template_decl)
14751 	++processing_template_decl;
14752     }
14753   else
14754     push_deferring_access_checks (dk_no_check);
14755 }
14756 
14757 /* And pop back out.  */
14758 
14759 static void
14760 pop_deduction_access_scope (tree tmpl)
14761 {
14762   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
14763     pop_access_scope (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl));
14764   else
14765     pop_deferring_access_checks ();
14766 }
14767 
14768 /* PARM is a template parameter pack for FN.  Returns true iff
14769    PARM is used in a deducible way in the argument list of FN.  */
14770 
14771 static bool
14772 pack_deducible_p (tree parm, tree fn)
14773 {
14774   tree t = FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARMTYPE (fn);
14775   for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
14776     {
14777       tree type = TREE_VALUE (t);
14778       tree packs;
14779       if (!PACK_EXPANSION_P (type))
14780 	continue;
14781       for (packs = PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (type);
14782 	   packs; packs = TREE_CHAIN (packs))
14783 	if (TREE_VALUE (packs) == parm)
14784 	  {
14785 	    /* The template parameter pack is used in a function parameter
14786 	       pack.  If this is the end of the parameter list, the
14787 	       template parameter pack is deducible.  */
14788 	    if (TREE_CHAIN (t) == void_list_node)
14789 	      return true;
14790 	    else
14791 	      /* Otherwise, not.  Well, it could be deduced from
14792 		 a non-pack parameter, but doing so would end up with
14793 		 a deduction mismatch, so don't bother.  */
14794 	      return false;
14795 	  }
14796     }
14797   /* The template parameter pack isn't used in any function parameter
14798      packs, but it might be used deeper, e.g. tuple<Args...>.  */
14799   return true;
14800 }
14801 
14802 /* The FN is a TEMPLATE_DECL for a function.  ARGS is an array with
14803    NARGS elements of the arguments that are being used when calling
14804    it.  TARGS is a vector into which the deduced template arguments
14805    are placed.
14806 
14807    Return zero for success, 2 for an incomplete match that doesn't resolve
14808    all the types, and 1 for complete failure.  An error message will be
14809    printed only for an incomplete match.
14810 
14811    If FN is a conversion operator, or we are trying to produce a specific
14812    specialization, RETURN_TYPE is the return type desired.
14813 
14814    The EXPLICIT_TARGS are explicit template arguments provided via a
14815    template-id.
14816 
14817    The parameter STRICT is one of:
14818 
14819    DEDUCE_CALL:
14820      We are deducing arguments for a function call, as in
14821      [temp.deduct.call].
14822 
14823    DEDUCE_CONV:
14824      We are deducing arguments for a conversion function, as in
14825      [temp.deduct.conv].
14826 
14827    DEDUCE_EXACT:
14828      We are deducing arguments when doing an explicit instantiation
14829      as in [temp.explicit], when determining an explicit specialization
14830      as in [temp.expl.spec], or when taking the address of a function
14831      template, as in [temp.deduct.funcaddr].  */
14832 
14833 int
14834 fn_type_unification (tree fn,
14835 		     tree explicit_targs,
14836 		     tree targs,
14837 		     const tree *args,
14838 		     unsigned int nargs,
14839 		     tree return_type,
14840 		     unification_kind_t strict,
14841 		     int flags,
14842 		     bool explain_p)
14843 {
14844   tree parms;
14845   tree fntype;
14846   int result;
14847 
14848   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL);
14849 
14850   fntype = TREE_TYPE (fn);
14851   if (explicit_targs)
14852     {
14853       /* [temp.deduct]
14854 
14855 	 The specified template arguments must match the template
14856 	 parameters in kind (i.e., type, nontype, template), and there
14857 	 must not be more arguments than there are parameters;
14858 	 otherwise type deduction fails.
14859 
14860 	 Nontype arguments must match the types of the corresponding
14861 	 nontype template parameters, or must be convertible to the
14862 	 types of the corresponding nontype parameters as specified in
14863 	 _temp.arg.nontype_, otherwise type deduction fails.
14864 
14865 	 All references in the function type of the function template
14866 	 to the corresponding template parameters are replaced by the
14867 	 specified template argument values.  If a substitution in a
14868 	 template parameter or in the function type of the function
14869 	 template results in an invalid type, type deduction fails.  */
14870       tree tparms = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (fn);
14871       int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms);
14872       tree converted_args;
14873       bool incomplete = false;
14874 
14875       if (explicit_targs == error_mark_node)
14876 	return unify_invalid (explain_p);
14877 
14878       converted_args
14879 	= (coerce_template_parms (tparms, explicit_targs, NULL_TREE,
14880 				  (explain_p
14881 				   ? tf_warning_or_error
14882 				   : tf_none),
14883 				   /*require_all_args=*/false,
14884 				   /*use_default_args=*/false));
14885       if (converted_args == error_mark_node)
14886 	return 1;
14887 
14888       /* Substitute the explicit args into the function type.  This is
14889 	 necessary so that, for instance, explicitly declared function
14890 	 arguments can match null pointed constants.  If we were given
14891 	 an incomplete set of explicit args, we must not do semantic
14892 	 processing during substitution as we could create partial
14893 	 instantiations.  */
14894       for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
14895         {
14896           tree parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i));
14897           bool parameter_pack = false;
14898 	  tree targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (converted_args, i);
14899 
14900           /* Dig out the actual parm.  */
14901           if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_DECL
14902               || TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
14903             {
14904               parm = TREE_TYPE (parm);
14905               parameter_pack = TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARAMETER_PACK (parm);
14906             }
14907           else if (TREE_CODE (parm) == PARM_DECL)
14908             {
14909               parm = DECL_INITIAL (parm);
14910               parameter_pack = TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (parm);
14911             }
14912 
14913 	  if (!parameter_pack && targ == NULL_TREE)
14914 	    /* No explicit argument for this template parameter.  */
14915 	    incomplete = true;
14916 
14917           if (parameter_pack && pack_deducible_p (parm, fn))
14918             {
14919               /* Mark the argument pack as "incomplete". We could
14920                  still deduce more arguments during unification.
14921 	         We remove this mark in type_unification_real.  */
14922               if (targ)
14923                 {
14924                   ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P(targ) = 1;
14925                   ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (targ)
14926                     = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (targ);
14927                 }
14928 
14929               /* We have some incomplete argument packs.  */
14930               incomplete = true;
14931             }
14932         }
14933 
14934       processing_template_decl += incomplete;
14935       fntype = deduction_tsubst_fntype (fn, converted_args,
14936 					(explain_p
14937 					 ? tf_warning_or_error
14938 					 : tf_none));
14939       processing_template_decl -= incomplete;
14940 
14941       if (fntype == error_mark_node)
14942 	return 1;
14943 
14944       /* Place the explicitly specified arguments in TARGS.  */
14945       for (i = NUM_TMPL_ARGS (converted_args); i--;)
14946 	TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = TREE_VEC_ELT (converted_args, i);
14947     }
14948 
14949   /* Never do unification on the 'this' parameter.  */
14950   parms = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype));
14951 
14952   if (return_type)
14953     {
14954       tree *new_args;
14955 
14956       parms = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (fntype), parms);
14957       new_args = XALLOCAVEC (tree, nargs + 1);
14958       new_args[0] = return_type;
14959       memcpy (new_args + 1, args, nargs * sizeof (tree));
14960       args = new_args;
14961       ++nargs;
14962     }
14963 
14964   /* We allow incomplete unification without an error message here
14965      because the standard doesn't seem to explicitly prohibit it.  Our
14966      callers must be ready to deal with unification failures in any
14967      event.  */
14968   result = type_unification_real (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (fn),
14969 				  targs, parms, args, nargs, /*subr=*/0,
14970 				  strict, flags, explain_p);
14971 
14972   /* Now that we have bindings for all of the template arguments,
14973      ensure that the arguments deduced for the template template
14974      parameters have compatible template parameter lists.  We cannot
14975      check this property before we have deduced all template
14976      arguments, because the template parameter types of a template
14977      template parameter might depend on prior template parameters
14978      deduced after the template template parameter.  The following
14979      ill-formed example illustrates this issue:
14980 
14981        template<typename T, template<T> class C> void f(C<5>, T);
14982 
14983        template<int N> struct X {};
14984 
14985        void g() {
14986          f(X<5>(), 5l); // error: template argument deduction fails
14987        }
14988 
14989      The template parameter list of 'C' depends on the template type
14990      parameter 'T', but 'C' is deduced to 'X' before 'T' is deduced to
14991      'long'.  Thus, we can't check that 'C' cannot bind to 'X' at the
14992      time that we deduce 'C'.  */
14993   if (result == 0
14994       && !template_template_parm_bindings_ok_p
14995            (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (fn), targs))
14996     return unify_inconsistent_template_template_parameters (explain_p);
14997 
14998   if (result == 0)
14999     /* All is well so far.  Now, check:
15000 
15001        [temp.deduct]
15002 
15003        When all template arguments have been deduced, all uses of
15004        template parameters in nondeduced contexts are replaced with
15005        the corresponding deduced argument values.  If the
15006        substitution results in an invalid type, as described above,
15007        type deduction fails.  */
15008     {
15009       tree substed = deduction_tsubst_fntype (fn, targs,
15010 					      (explain_p
15011 					       ? tf_warning_or_error
15012 					       : tf_none));
15013       if (substed == error_mark_node)
15014 	return 1;
15015 
15016       /* If we're looking for an exact match, check that what we got
15017 	 is indeed an exact match.  It might not be if some template
15018 	 parameters are used in non-deduced contexts.  */
15019       if (strict == DEDUCE_EXACT)
15020 	{
15021 	  unsigned int i;
15022 
15023 	  tree sarg
15024 	    = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (substed));
15025 	  if (return_type)
15026 	    sarg = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (substed), sarg);
15027 	  for (i = 0; i < nargs && sarg; ++i, sarg = TREE_CHAIN (sarg))
15028 	    if (!same_type_p (args[i], TREE_VALUE (sarg)))
15029 	      return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, args[i],
15030 					  TREE_VALUE (sarg));
15031 	}
15032     }
15033 
15034   return result;
15035 }
15036 
15037 /* Adjust types before performing type deduction, as described in
15038    [temp.deduct.call] and [temp.deduct.conv].  The rules in these two
15039    sections are symmetric.  PARM is the type of a function parameter
15040    or the return type of the conversion function.  ARG is the type of
15041    the argument passed to the call, or the type of the value
15042    initialized with the result of the conversion function.
15043    ARG_EXPR is the original argument expression, which may be null.  */
15044 
15045 static int
15046 maybe_adjust_types_for_deduction (unification_kind_t strict,
15047 				  tree* parm,
15048 				  tree* arg,
15049 				  tree arg_expr)
15050 {
15051   int result = 0;
15052 
15053   switch (strict)
15054     {
15055     case DEDUCE_CALL:
15056       break;
15057 
15058     case DEDUCE_CONV:
15059       {
15060 	/* Swap PARM and ARG throughout the remainder of this
15061 	   function; the handling is precisely symmetric since PARM
15062 	   will initialize ARG rather than vice versa.  */
15063 	tree* temp = parm;
15064 	parm = arg;
15065 	arg = temp;
15066 	break;
15067       }
15068 
15069     case DEDUCE_EXACT:
15070       /* Core issue #873: Do the DR606 thing (see below) for these cases,
15071 	 too, but here handle it by stripping the reference from PARM
15072 	 rather than by adding it to ARG.  */
15073       if (TREE_CODE (*parm) == REFERENCE_TYPE
15074 	  && TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (*parm)
15075 	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (*parm)) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
15076 	  && cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (*parm)) == TYPE_UNQUALIFIED
15077 	  && TREE_CODE (*arg) == REFERENCE_TYPE
15078 	  && !TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (*arg))
15079 	*parm = TREE_TYPE (*parm);
15080       /* Nothing else to do in this case.  */
15081       return 0;
15082 
15083     default:
15084       gcc_unreachable ();
15085     }
15086 
15087   if (TREE_CODE (*parm) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
15088     {
15089       /* [temp.deduct.call]
15090 
15091 	 If P is not a reference type:
15092 
15093 	 --If A is an array type, the pointer type produced by the
15094 	 array-to-pointer standard conversion (_conv.array_) is
15095 	 used in place of A for type deduction; otherwise,
15096 
15097 	 --If A is a function type, the pointer type produced by
15098 	 the function-to-pointer standard conversion
15099 	 (_conv.func_) is used in place of A for type deduction;
15100 	 otherwise,
15101 
15102 	 --If A is a cv-qualified type, the top level
15103 	 cv-qualifiers of A's type are ignored for type
15104 	 deduction.  */
15105       if (TREE_CODE (*arg) == ARRAY_TYPE)
15106 	*arg = build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (*arg));
15107       else if (TREE_CODE (*arg) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
15108 	*arg = build_pointer_type (*arg);
15109       else
15110 	*arg = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (*arg);
15111     }
15112 
15113   /* From C++0x [14.8.2.1/3 temp.deduct.call] (after DR606), "If P is
15114      of the form T&&, where T is a template parameter, and the argument
15115      is an lvalue, T is deduced as A& */
15116   if (TREE_CODE (*parm) == REFERENCE_TYPE
15117       && TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (*parm)
15118       && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (*parm)) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
15119       && cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (*parm)) == TYPE_UNQUALIFIED
15120       && (arg_expr ? real_lvalue_p (arg_expr)
15121 	  /* try_one_overload doesn't provide an arg_expr, but
15122 	     functions are always lvalues.  */
15123 	  : TREE_CODE (*arg) == FUNCTION_TYPE))
15124     *arg = build_reference_type (*arg);
15125 
15126   /* [temp.deduct.call]
15127 
15128      If P is a cv-qualified type, the top level cv-qualifiers
15129      of P's type are ignored for type deduction.  If P is a
15130      reference type, the type referred to by P is used for
15131      type deduction.  */
15132   *parm = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (*parm);
15133   if (TREE_CODE (*parm) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
15134     {
15135       *parm = TREE_TYPE (*parm);
15136       result |= UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL;
15137     }
15138 
15139   /* DR 322. For conversion deduction, remove a reference type on parm
15140      too (which has been swapped into ARG).  */
15141   if (strict == DEDUCE_CONV && TREE_CODE (*arg) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
15142     *arg = TREE_TYPE (*arg);
15143 
15144   return result;
15145 }
15146 
15147 /* Subroutine of unify_one_argument.  PARM is a function parameter of a
15148    template which does contain any deducible template parameters; check if
15149    ARG is a suitable match for it.  STRICT, FLAGS and EXPLAIN_P are as in
15150    unify_one_argument.  */
15151 
15152 static int
15153 check_non_deducible_conversion (tree parm, tree arg, int strict,
15154 				int flags, bool explain_p)
15155 {
15156   tree type;
15157 
15158   if (!TYPE_P (arg))
15159     type = TREE_TYPE (arg);
15160   else
15161     type = arg;
15162 
15163   if (same_type_p (parm, type))
15164     return unify_success (explain_p);
15165 
15166   if (strict == DEDUCE_CONV)
15167     {
15168       if (can_convert_arg (type, parm, NULL_TREE, flags))
15169 	return unify_success (explain_p);
15170     }
15171   else if (strict != DEDUCE_EXACT)
15172     {
15173       if (can_convert_arg (parm, type,
15174 			   TYPE_P (arg) ? NULL_TREE : arg,
15175 			   flags))
15176 	return unify_success (explain_p);
15177     }
15178 
15179   if (strict == DEDUCE_EXACT)
15180     return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
15181   else
15182     return unify_arg_conversion (explain_p, parm, type, arg);
15183 }
15184 
15185 /* Subroutine of type_unification_real and unify_pack_expansion to
15186    handle unification of a single P/A pair.  Parameters are as
15187    for those functions.  */
15188 
15189 static int
15190 unify_one_argument (tree tparms, tree targs, tree parm, tree arg,
15191 		    int subr, unification_kind_t strict, int flags,
15192 		    bool explain_p)
15193 {
15194   tree arg_expr = NULL_TREE;
15195   int arg_strict;
15196 
15197   if (arg == error_mark_node || parm == error_mark_node)
15198     return unify_invalid (explain_p);
15199   if (arg == unknown_type_node)
15200     /* We can't deduce anything from this, but we might get all the
15201        template args from other function args.  */
15202     return unify_success (explain_p);
15203 
15204   /* FIXME uses_deducible_template_parms */
15205   if (TYPE_P (parm) && !uses_template_parms (parm))
15206     return check_non_deducible_conversion (parm, arg, strict, flags,
15207 					   explain_p);
15208 
15209   switch (strict)
15210     {
15211     case DEDUCE_CALL:
15212       arg_strict = (UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL
15213 		    | UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL
15214 		    | UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED);
15215       break;
15216 
15217     case DEDUCE_CONV:
15218       arg_strict = UNIFY_ALLOW_LESS_CV_QUAL;
15219       break;
15220 
15221     case DEDUCE_EXACT:
15222       arg_strict = UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE;
15223       break;
15224 
15225     default:
15226       gcc_unreachable ();
15227     }
15228 
15229   /* We only do these transformations if this is the top-level
15230      parameter_type_list in a call or declaration matching; in other
15231      situations (nested function declarators, template argument lists) we
15232      won't be comparing a type to an expression, and we don't do any type
15233      adjustments.  */
15234   if (!subr)
15235     {
15236       if (!TYPE_P (arg))
15237 	{
15238 	  gcc_assert (TREE_TYPE (arg) != NULL_TREE);
15239 	  if (type_unknown_p (arg))
15240 	    {
15241 	      /* [temp.deduct.type] A template-argument can be
15242 		 deduced from a pointer to function or pointer
15243 		 to member function argument if the set of
15244 		 overloaded functions does not contain function
15245 		 templates and at most one of a set of
15246 		 overloaded functions provides a unique
15247 		 match.  */
15248 
15249 	      if (resolve_overloaded_unification
15250 		  (tparms, targs, parm, arg, strict,
15251 		   arg_strict, explain_p))
15252 		return unify_success (explain_p);
15253 	      return unify_overload_resolution_failure (explain_p, arg);
15254 	    }
15255 
15256 	  arg_expr = arg;
15257 	  arg = unlowered_expr_type (arg);
15258 	  if (arg == error_mark_node)
15259 	    return unify_invalid (explain_p);
15260 	}
15261 
15262       arg_strict |=
15263 	maybe_adjust_types_for_deduction (strict, &parm, &arg, arg_expr);
15264     }
15265   else
15266     gcc_assert ((TYPE_P (parm) || TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
15267 		== (TYPE_P (arg) || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL));
15268 
15269   /* For deduction from an init-list we need the actual list.  */
15270   if (arg_expr && BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (arg_expr))
15271     arg = arg_expr;
15272   return unify (tparms, targs, parm, arg, arg_strict, explain_p);
15273 }
15274 
15275 /* Most parms like fn_type_unification.
15276 
15277    If SUBR is 1, we're being called recursively (to unify the
15278    arguments of a function or method parameter of a function
15279    template). */
15280 
15281 static int
15282 type_unification_real (tree tparms,
15283 		       tree targs,
15284 		       tree xparms,
15285 		       const tree *xargs,
15286 		       unsigned int xnargs,
15287 		       int subr,
15288 		       unification_kind_t strict,
15289 		       int flags,
15290 		       bool explain_p)
15291 {
15292   tree parm, arg;
15293   int i;
15294   int ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms);
15295   int saw_undeduced = 0;
15296   tree parms;
15297   const tree *args;
15298   unsigned int nargs;
15299   unsigned int ia;
15300 
15301   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (tparms) == TREE_VEC);
15302   gcc_assert (xparms == NULL_TREE || TREE_CODE (xparms) == TREE_LIST);
15303   gcc_assert (ntparms > 0);
15304 
15305   /* Reset the number of non-defaulted template arguments contained
15306      in TARGS.  */
15307   NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (targs) = NULL_TREE;
15308 
15309  again:
15310   parms = xparms;
15311   args = xargs;
15312   nargs = xnargs;
15313 
15314   ia = 0;
15315   while (parms && parms != void_list_node
15316 	 && ia < nargs)
15317     {
15318       parm = TREE_VALUE (parms);
15319 
15320       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION
15321 	  && (!TREE_CHAIN (parms) || TREE_CHAIN (parms) == void_list_node))
15322 	/* For a function parameter pack that occurs at the end of the
15323 	   parameter-declaration-list, the type A of each remaining
15324 	   argument of the call is compared with the type P of the
15325 	   declarator-id of the function parameter pack.  */
15326 	break;
15327 
15328       parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
15329 
15330       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
15331 	/* For a function parameter pack that does not occur at the
15332 	   end of the parameter-declaration-list, the type of the
15333 	   parameter pack is a non-deduced context.  */
15334 	continue;
15335 
15336       arg = args[ia];
15337       ++ia;
15338 
15339       if (unify_one_argument (tparms, targs, parm, arg, subr, strict,
15340 			      flags, explain_p))
15341 	return 1;
15342     }
15343 
15344   if (parms
15345       && parms != void_list_node
15346       && TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (parms)) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
15347     {
15348       /* Unify the remaining arguments with the pack expansion type.  */
15349       tree argvec;
15350       tree parmvec = make_tree_vec (1);
15351 
15352       /* Allocate a TREE_VEC and copy in all of the arguments */
15353       argvec = make_tree_vec (nargs - ia);
15354       for (i = 0; ia < nargs; ++ia, ++i)
15355 	TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, i) = args[ia];
15356 
15357       /* Copy the parameter into parmvec.  */
15358       TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, 0) = TREE_VALUE (parms);
15359       if (unify_pack_expansion (tparms, targs, parmvec, argvec, strict,
15360                                 /*subr=*/subr, explain_p))
15361         return 1;
15362 
15363       /* Advance to the end of the list of parameters.  */
15364       parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
15365     }
15366 
15367   /* Fail if we've reached the end of the parm list, and more args
15368      are present, and the parm list isn't variadic.  */
15369   if (ia < nargs && parms == void_list_node)
15370     return unify_too_many_arguments (explain_p, nargs, ia);
15371   /* Fail if parms are left and they don't have default values.  */
15372   if (parms && parms != void_list_node
15373       && TREE_PURPOSE (parms) == NULL_TREE)
15374     {
15375       unsigned int count = nargs;
15376       tree p = parms;
15377       while (p && p != void_list_node)
15378 	{
15379 	  count++;
15380 	  p = TREE_CHAIN (p);
15381 	}
15382       return unify_too_few_arguments (explain_p, ia, count);
15383     }
15384 
15385   if (!subr)
15386     {
15387       tsubst_flags_t complain = (explain_p
15388 				 ? tf_warning_or_error
15389 				 : tf_none);
15390 
15391       /* Check to see if we need another pass before we start clearing
15392 	 ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P.  */
15393       for (i = 0; i < ntparms; i++)
15394 	{
15395 	  tree targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i);
15396 	  tree tparm = TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i);
15397 
15398 	  if (targ || tparm == error_mark_node)
15399 	    continue;
15400 	  tparm = TREE_VALUE (tparm);
15401 
15402 	  /* If this is an undeduced nontype parameter that depends on
15403 	     a type parameter, try another pass; its type may have been
15404 	     deduced from a later argument than the one from which
15405 	     this parameter can be deduced.  */
15406 	  if (TREE_CODE (tparm) == PARM_DECL
15407 	      && uses_template_parms (TREE_TYPE (tparm))
15408 	      && !saw_undeduced++)
15409 	    goto again;
15410 	}
15411 
15412       for (i = 0; i < ntparms; i++)
15413 	{
15414 	  tree targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i);
15415 	  tree tparm = TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i);
15416 
15417 	  /* Clear the "incomplete" flags on all argument packs now so that
15418 	     substituting them into later default arguments works.  */
15419 	  if (targ && ARGUMENT_PACK_P (targ))
15420             {
15421               ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P (targ) = 0;
15422               ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (targ) = NULL_TREE;
15423             }
15424 
15425 	  if (targ || tparm == error_mark_node)
15426 	    continue;
15427 	  tparm = TREE_VALUE (tparm);
15428 
15429 	  /* Core issue #226 (C++0x) [temp.deduct]:
15430 
15431 	     If a template argument has not been deduced, its
15432 	     default template argument, if any, is used.
15433 
15434 	     When we are in C++98 mode, TREE_PURPOSE will either
15435 	     be NULL_TREE or ERROR_MARK_NODE, so we do not need
15436 	     to explicitly check cxx_dialect here.  */
15437 	  if (TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i)))
15438 	    {
15439 	      tree parm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i));
15440 	      tree arg = TREE_PURPOSE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, i));
15441 	      location_t save_loc = input_location;
15442 	      if (DECL_P (parm))
15443 		input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm);
15444 	      arg = tsubst_template_arg (arg, targs, complain, NULL_TREE);
15445 	      arg = convert_template_argument (parm, arg, targs, complain,
15446 					       i, NULL_TREE);
15447 	      input_location = save_loc;
15448 	      if (arg == error_mark_node)
15449 		return 1;
15450 	      else
15451 		{
15452 		  TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = arg;
15453 		  /* The position of the first default template argument,
15454 		     is also the number of non-defaulted arguments in TARGS.
15455 		     Record that.  */
15456 		  if (!NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (targs))
15457 		    SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (targs, i);
15458 		  continue;
15459 		}
15460 	    }
15461 
15462 	  /* If the type parameter is a parameter pack, then it will
15463 	     be deduced to an empty parameter pack.  */
15464 	  if (template_parameter_pack_p (tparm))
15465 	    {
15466 	      tree arg;
15467 
15468 	      if (TREE_CODE (tparm) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
15469 		{
15470 		  arg = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
15471 		  TREE_TYPE (arg)  = TREE_TYPE (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (tparm));
15472 		  TREE_CONSTANT (arg) = 1;
15473 		}
15474 	      else
15475 		arg = cxx_make_type (TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
15476 
15477 	      SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg, make_tree_vec (0));
15478 
15479 	      TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = arg;
15480 	      continue;
15481 	    }
15482 
15483 	  return unify_parameter_deduction_failure (explain_p, tparm);
15484 	}
15485     }
15486 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
15487   if (!NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (targs))
15488     SET_NON_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ARGS_COUNT (targs, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs));
15489 #endif
15490 
15491   return unify_success (explain_p);
15492 }
15493 
15494 /* Subroutine of type_unification_real.  Args are like the variables
15495    at the call site.  ARG is an overloaded function (or template-id);
15496    we try deducing template args from each of the overloads, and if
15497    only one succeeds, we go with that.  Modifies TARGS and returns
15498    true on success.  */
15499 
15500 static bool
15501 resolve_overloaded_unification (tree tparms,
15502 				tree targs,
15503 				tree parm,
15504 				tree arg,
15505 				unification_kind_t strict,
15506 				int sub_strict,
15507 			        bool explain_p)
15508 {
15509   tree tempargs = copy_node (targs);
15510   int good = 0;
15511   tree goodfn = NULL_TREE;
15512   bool addr_p;
15513 
15514   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == ADDR_EXPR)
15515     {
15516       arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0);
15517       addr_p = true;
15518     }
15519   else
15520     addr_p = false;
15521 
15522   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == COMPONENT_REF)
15523     /* Handle `&x' where `x' is some static or non-static member
15524        function name.  */
15525     arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1);
15526 
15527   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == OFFSET_REF)
15528     arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1);
15529 
15530   /* Strip baselink information.  */
15531   if (BASELINK_P (arg))
15532     arg = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (arg);
15533 
15534   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
15535     {
15536       /* If we got some explicit template args, we need to plug them into
15537 	 the affected templates before we try to unify, in case the
15538 	 explicit args will completely resolve the templates in question.  */
15539 
15540       int ok = 0;
15541       tree expl_subargs = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1);
15542       arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0);
15543 
15544       for (; arg; arg = OVL_NEXT (arg))
15545 	{
15546 	  tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (arg);
15547 	  tree subargs, elem;
15548 
15549 	  if (TREE_CODE (fn) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
15550 	    continue;
15551 
15552 	  ++processing_template_decl;
15553 	  subargs = get_bindings (fn, DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (fn),
15554 				  expl_subargs, /*check_ret=*/false);
15555 	  if (subargs && !any_dependent_template_arguments_p (subargs))
15556 	    {
15557 	      elem = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (fn), subargs, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
15558 	      if (try_one_overload (tparms, targs, tempargs, parm,
15559 				    elem, strict, sub_strict, addr_p, explain_p)
15560 		  && (!goodfn || !same_type_p (goodfn, elem)))
15561 		{
15562 		  goodfn = elem;
15563 		  ++good;
15564 		}
15565 	    }
15566 	  else if (subargs)
15567 	    ++ok;
15568 	  --processing_template_decl;
15569 	}
15570       /* If no templates (or more than one) are fully resolved by the
15571 	 explicit arguments, this template-id is a non-deduced context; it
15572 	 could still be OK if we deduce all template arguments for the
15573 	 enclosing call through other arguments.  */
15574       if (good != 1)
15575 	good = ok;
15576     }
15577   else if (TREE_CODE (arg) != OVERLOAD
15578 	   && TREE_CODE (arg) != FUNCTION_DECL)
15579     /* If ARG is, for example, "(0, &f)" then its type will be unknown
15580        -- but the deduction does not succeed because the expression is
15581        not just the function on its own.  */
15582     return false;
15583   else
15584     for (; arg; arg = OVL_NEXT (arg))
15585       if (try_one_overload (tparms, targs, tempargs, parm,
15586 			    TREE_TYPE (OVL_CURRENT (arg)),
15587 			    strict, sub_strict, addr_p, explain_p)
15588 	  && (!goodfn || !decls_match (goodfn, OVL_CURRENT (arg))))
15589 	{
15590 	  goodfn = OVL_CURRENT (arg);
15591 	  ++good;
15592 	}
15593 
15594   /* [temp.deduct.type] A template-argument can be deduced from a pointer
15595      to function or pointer to member function argument if the set of
15596      overloaded functions does not contain function templates and at most
15597      one of a set of overloaded functions provides a unique match.
15598 
15599      So if we found multiple possibilities, we return success but don't
15600      deduce anything.  */
15601 
15602   if (good == 1)
15603     {
15604       int i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs);
15605       for (; i--; )
15606 	if (TREE_VEC_ELT (tempargs, i))
15607 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = TREE_VEC_ELT (tempargs, i);
15608     }
15609   if (good)
15610     return true;
15611 
15612   return false;
15613 }
15614 
15615 /* Core DR 115: In contexts where deduction is done and fails, or in
15616    contexts where deduction is not done, if a template argument list is
15617    specified and it, along with any default template arguments, identifies
15618    a single function template specialization, then the template-id is an
15619    lvalue for the function template specialization.  */
15620 
15621 tree
15622 resolve_nondeduced_context (tree orig_expr)
15623 {
15624   tree expr, offset, baselink;
15625   bool addr;
15626 
15627   if (!type_unknown_p (orig_expr))
15628     return orig_expr;
15629 
15630   expr = orig_expr;
15631   addr = false;
15632   offset = NULL_TREE;
15633   baselink = NULL_TREE;
15634 
15635   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
15636     {
15637       expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
15638       addr = true;
15639     }
15640   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == OFFSET_REF)
15641     {
15642       offset = expr;
15643       expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1);
15644     }
15645   if (BASELINK_P (expr))
15646     {
15647       baselink = expr;
15648       expr = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (expr);
15649     }
15650 
15651   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
15652     {
15653       int good = 0;
15654       tree goodfn = NULL_TREE;
15655 
15656       /* If we got some explicit template args, we need to plug them into
15657 	 the affected templates before we try to unify, in case the
15658 	 explicit args will completely resolve the templates in question.  */
15659 
15660       tree expl_subargs = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1);
15661       tree arg = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
15662       tree badfn = NULL_TREE;
15663       tree badargs = NULL_TREE;
15664 
15665       for (; arg; arg = OVL_NEXT (arg))
15666 	{
15667 	  tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (arg);
15668 	  tree subargs, elem;
15669 
15670 	  if (TREE_CODE (fn) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
15671 	    continue;
15672 
15673 	  ++processing_template_decl;
15674 	  subargs = get_bindings (fn, DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (fn),
15675 				  expl_subargs, /*check_ret=*/false);
15676 	  if (subargs && !any_dependent_template_arguments_p (subargs))
15677 	    {
15678 	      elem = instantiate_template (fn, subargs, tf_none);
15679 	      if (elem == error_mark_node)
15680 		{
15681 		  badfn = fn;
15682 		  badargs = subargs;
15683 		}
15684 	      else if (elem && (!goodfn || !decls_match (goodfn, elem)))
15685 		{
15686 		  goodfn = elem;
15687 		  ++good;
15688 		}
15689 	    }
15690 	  --processing_template_decl;
15691 	}
15692       if (good == 1)
15693 	{
15694 	  mark_used (goodfn);
15695 	  expr = goodfn;
15696 	  if (baselink)
15697 	    expr = build_baselink (BASELINK_BINFO (baselink),
15698 				   BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (baselink),
15699 				   expr, BASELINK_OPTYPE (baselink));
15700 	  if (offset)
15701 	    {
15702 	      tree base
15703 		= TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (offset, 0)));
15704 	      expr = build_offset_ref (base, expr, addr);
15705 	    }
15706 	  if (addr)
15707 	    expr = cp_build_addr_expr (expr, tf_warning_or_error);
15708 	  return expr;
15709 	}
15710       else if (good == 0 && badargs)
15711 	/* There were no good options and at least one bad one, so let the
15712 	   user know what the problem is.  */
15713 	instantiate_template (badfn, badargs, tf_warning_or_error);
15714     }
15715   return orig_expr;
15716 }
15717 
15718 /* Subroutine of resolve_overloaded_unification; does deduction for a single
15719    overload.  Fills TARGS with any deduced arguments, or error_mark_node if
15720    different overloads deduce different arguments for a given parm.
15721    ADDR_P is true if the expression for which deduction is being
15722    performed was of the form "& fn" rather than simply "fn".
15723 
15724    Returns 1 on success.  */
15725 
15726 static int
15727 try_one_overload (tree tparms,
15728 		  tree orig_targs,
15729 		  tree targs,
15730 		  tree parm,
15731 		  tree arg,
15732 		  unification_kind_t strict,
15733 		  int sub_strict,
15734 		  bool addr_p,
15735 		  bool explain_p)
15736 {
15737   int nargs;
15738   tree tempargs;
15739   int i;
15740 
15741   /* [temp.deduct.type] A template-argument can be deduced from a pointer
15742      to function or pointer to member function argument if the set of
15743      overloaded functions does not contain function templates and at most
15744      one of a set of overloaded functions provides a unique match.
15745 
15746      So if this is a template, just return success.  */
15747 
15748   if (uses_template_parms (arg))
15749     return 1;
15750 
15751   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == METHOD_TYPE)
15752     arg = build_ptrmemfunc_type (build_pointer_type (arg));
15753   else if (addr_p)
15754     arg = build_pointer_type (arg);
15755 
15756   sub_strict |= maybe_adjust_types_for_deduction (strict, &parm, &arg, NULL);
15757 
15758   /* We don't copy orig_targs for this because if we have already deduced
15759      some template args from previous args, unify would complain when we
15760      try to deduce a template parameter for the same argument, even though
15761      there isn't really a conflict.  */
15762   nargs = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs);
15763   tempargs = make_tree_vec (nargs);
15764 
15765   if (unify (tparms, tempargs, parm, arg, sub_strict, explain_p))
15766     return 0;
15767 
15768   /* First make sure we didn't deduce anything that conflicts with
15769      explicitly specified args.  */
15770   for (i = nargs; i--; )
15771     {
15772       tree elt = TREE_VEC_ELT (tempargs, i);
15773       tree oldelt = TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_targs, i);
15774 
15775       if (!elt)
15776 	/*NOP*/;
15777       else if (uses_template_parms (elt))
15778 	/* Since we're unifying against ourselves, we will fill in
15779 	   template args used in the function parm list with our own
15780 	   template parms.  Discard them.  */
15781 	TREE_VEC_ELT (tempargs, i) = NULL_TREE;
15782       else if (oldelt && !template_args_equal (oldelt, elt))
15783 	return 0;
15784     }
15785 
15786   for (i = nargs; i--; )
15787     {
15788       tree elt = TREE_VEC_ELT (tempargs, i);
15789 
15790       if (elt)
15791 	TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = elt;
15792     }
15793 
15794   return 1;
15795 }
15796 
15797 /* PARM is a template class (perhaps with unbound template
15798    parameters).  ARG is a fully instantiated type.  If ARG can be
15799    bound to PARM, return ARG, otherwise return NULL_TREE.  TPARMS and
15800    TARGS are as for unify.  */
15801 
15802 static tree
15803 try_class_unification (tree tparms, tree targs, tree parm, tree arg,
15804 		       bool explain_p)
15805 {
15806   tree copy_of_targs;
15807 
15808   if (!CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (arg)
15809       || (most_general_template (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (arg))
15810 	  != most_general_template (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (parm))))
15811     return NULL_TREE;
15812 
15813   /* We need to make a new template argument vector for the call to
15814      unify.  If we used TARGS, we'd clutter it up with the result of
15815      the attempted unification, even if this class didn't work out.
15816      We also don't want to commit ourselves to all the unifications
15817      we've already done, since unification is supposed to be done on
15818      an argument-by-argument basis.  In other words, consider the
15819      following pathological case:
15820 
15821        template <int I, int J, int K>
15822        struct S {};
15823 
15824        template <int I, int J>
15825        struct S<I, J, 2> : public S<I, I, I>, S<J, J, J> {};
15826 
15827        template <int I, int J, int K>
15828        void f(S<I, J, K>, S<I, I, I>);
15829 
15830        void g() {
15831 	 S<0, 0, 0> s0;
15832 	 S<0, 1, 2> s2;
15833 
15834 	 f(s0, s2);
15835        }
15836 
15837      Now, by the time we consider the unification involving `s2', we
15838      already know that we must have `f<0, 0, 0>'.  But, even though
15839      `S<0, 1, 2>' is derived from `S<0, 0, 0>', the code is invalid
15840      because there are two ways to unify base classes of S<0, 1, 2>
15841      with S<I, I, I>.  If we kept the already deduced knowledge, we
15842      would reject the possibility I=1.  */
15843   copy_of_targs = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs));
15844 
15845   /* If unification failed, we're done.  */
15846   if (unify (tparms, copy_of_targs, CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (parm),
15847 	     CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (arg), UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p))
15848     return NULL_TREE;
15849 
15850   return arg;
15851 }
15852 
15853 /* Given a template type PARM and a class type ARG, find the unique
15854    base type in ARG that is an instance of PARM.  We do not examine
15855    ARG itself; only its base-classes.  If there is not exactly one
15856    appropriate base class, return NULL_TREE.  PARM may be the type of
15857    a partial specialization, as well as a plain template type.  Used
15858    by unify.  */
15859 
15860 static enum template_base_result
15861 get_template_base (tree tparms, tree targs, tree parm, tree arg,
15862 		   bool explain_p, tree *result)
15863 {
15864   tree rval = NULL_TREE;
15865   tree binfo;
15866 
15867   gcc_assert (RECORD_OR_UNION_CODE_P (TREE_CODE (arg)));
15868 
15869   binfo = TYPE_BINFO (complete_type (arg));
15870   if (!binfo)
15871     {
15872       /* The type could not be completed.  */
15873       *result = NULL_TREE;
15874       return tbr_incomplete_type;
15875     }
15876 
15877   /* Walk in inheritance graph order.  The search order is not
15878      important, and this avoids multiple walks of virtual bases.  */
15879   for (binfo = TREE_CHAIN (binfo); binfo; binfo = TREE_CHAIN (binfo))
15880     {
15881       tree r = try_class_unification (tparms, targs, parm,
15882 				      BINFO_TYPE (binfo), explain_p);
15883 
15884       if (r)
15885 	{
15886 	  /* If there is more than one satisfactory baseclass, then:
15887 
15888 	       [temp.deduct.call]
15889 
15890 	      If they yield more than one possible deduced A, the type
15891 	      deduction fails.
15892 
15893 	     applies.  */
15894 	  if (rval && !same_type_p (r, rval))
15895 	    {
15896 	      *result = NULL_TREE;
15897 	      return tbr_ambiguous_baseclass;
15898 	    }
15899 
15900 	  rval = r;
15901 	}
15902     }
15903 
15904   *result = rval;
15905   return tbr_success;
15906 }
15907 
15908 /* Returns the level of DECL, which declares a template parameter.  */
15909 
15910 static int
15911 template_decl_level (tree decl)
15912 {
15913   switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
15914     {
15915     case TYPE_DECL:
15916     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
15917       return TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (TREE_TYPE (decl));
15918 
15919     case PARM_DECL:
15920       return TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (DECL_INITIAL (decl));
15921 
15922     default:
15923       gcc_unreachable ();
15924     }
15925   return 0;
15926 }
15927 
15928 /* Decide whether ARG can be unified with PARM, considering only the
15929    cv-qualifiers of each type, given STRICT as documented for unify.
15930    Returns nonzero iff the unification is OK on that basis.  */
15931 
15932 static int
15933 check_cv_quals_for_unify (int strict, tree arg, tree parm)
15934 {
15935   int arg_quals = cp_type_quals (arg);
15936   int parm_quals = cp_type_quals (parm);
15937 
15938   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
15939       && !(strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL))
15940     {
15941       /*  Although a CVR qualifier is ignored when being applied to a
15942 	  substituted template parameter ([8.3.2]/1 for example), that
15943 	  does not allow us to unify "const T" with "int&" because both
15944 	  types are not of the form "cv-list T" [14.8.2.5 temp.deduct.type].
15945 	  It is ok when we're allowing additional CV qualifiers
15946 	  at the outer level [14.8.2.1]/3,1st bullet.  */
15947       if ((TREE_CODE (arg) == REFERENCE_TYPE
15948 	   || TREE_CODE (arg) == FUNCTION_TYPE
15949 	   || TREE_CODE (arg) == METHOD_TYPE)
15950 	  && (parm_quals & (TYPE_QUAL_CONST | TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE)))
15951 	return 0;
15952 
15953       if ((!POINTER_TYPE_P (arg) && TREE_CODE (arg) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
15954 	  && (parm_quals & TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT))
15955 	return 0;
15956     }
15957 
15958   if (!(strict & (UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL | UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL))
15959       && (arg_quals & parm_quals) != parm_quals)
15960     return 0;
15961 
15962   if (!(strict & (UNIFY_ALLOW_LESS_CV_QUAL | UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LESS_CV_QUAL))
15963       && (parm_quals & arg_quals) != arg_quals)
15964     return 0;
15965 
15966   return 1;
15967 }
15968 
15969 /* Determines the LEVEL and INDEX for the template parameter PARM.  */
15970 void
15971 template_parm_level_and_index (tree parm, int* level, int* index)
15972 {
15973   if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
15974       || TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
15975       || TREE_CODE (parm) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
15976     {
15977       *index = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (parm);
15978       *level = TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (parm);
15979     }
15980   else
15981     {
15982       *index = TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (parm);
15983       *level = TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (parm);
15984     }
15985 }
15986 
15987 #define RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE(TP, TA, P, A, S, EP)			\
15988   do {									\
15989     if (unify (TP, TA, P, A, S, EP))					\
15990       return 1;								\
15991   } while (0);
15992 
15993 /* Unifies the remaining arguments in PACKED_ARGS with the pack
15994    expansion at the end of PACKED_PARMS. Returns 0 if the type
15995    deduction succeeds, 1 otherwise. STRICT is the same as in
15996    unify. CALL_ARGS_P is true iff PACKED_ARGS is actually a function
15997    call argument list. We'll need to adjust the arguments to make them
15998    types. SUBR tells us if this is from a recursive call to
15999    type_unification_real, or for comparing two template argument
16000    lists. */
16001 
16002 static int
16003 unify_pack_expansion (tree tparms, tree targs, tree packed_parms,
16004                       tree packed_args, unification_kind_t strict,
16005                       bool subr, bool explain_p)
16006 {
16007   tree parm
16008     = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_parms, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_parms) - 1);
16009   tree pattern = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (parm);
16010   tree pack, packs = NULL_TREE;
16011   int i, start = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_parms) - 1;
16012   int len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_args);
16013 
16014   /* Determine the parameter packs we will be deducing from the
16015      pattern, and record their current deductions.  */
16016   for (pack = PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (parm);
16017        pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
16018     {
16019       tree parm_pack = TREE_VALUE (pack);
16020       int idx, level;
16021 
16022       /* Determine the index and level of this parameter pack.  */
16023       template_parm_level_and_index (parm_pack, &level, &idx);
16024 
16025       /* Keep track of the parameter packs and their corresponding
16026          argument packs.  */
16027       packs = tree_cons (parm_pack, TMPL_ARG (targs, level, idx), packs);
16028       TREE_TYPE (packs) = make_tree_vec (len - start);
16029     }
16030 
16031   /* Loop through all of the arguments that have not yet been
16032      unified and unify each with the pattern.  */
16033   for (i = start; i < len; i++)
16034     {
16035       tree parm;
16036       bool any_explicit = false;
16037       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_args, i);
16038 
16039       /* For each parameter pack, set its TMPL_ARG to either NULL_TREE
16040 	 or the element of its argument pack at the current index if
16041 	 this argument was explicitly specified.  */
16042       for (pack = packs; pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
16043         {
16044           int idx, level;
16045           tree arg, pargs;
16046           template_parm_level_and_index (TREE_PURPOSE (pack), &level, &idx);
16047 
16048           arg = NULL_TREE;
16049           if (TREE_VALUE (pack)
16050               && (pargs = ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (TREE_VALUE (pack)))
16051               && (i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (pargs)))
16052             {
16053               any_explicit = true;
16054               arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (pargs, i);
16055             }
16056           TMPL_ARG (targs, level, idx) = arg;
16057         }
16058 
16059       /* If we had explicit template arguments, substitute them into the
16060 	 pattern before deduction.  */
16061       if (any_explicit)
16062 	{
16063 	  /* Some arguments might still be unspecified or dependent.  */
16064 	  bool dependent;
16065 	  ++processing_template_decl;
16066 	  dependent = any_dependent_template_arguments_p (targs);
16067 	  if (!dependent)
16068 	    --processing_template_decl;
16069 	  parm = tsubst (pattern, targs,
16070 			 explain_p ? tf_warning_or_error : tf_none,
16071 			 NULL_TREE);
16072 	  if (dependent)
16073 	    --processing_template_decl;
16074 	  if (parm == error_mark_node)
16075 	    return 1;
16076 	}
16077       else
16078 	parm = pattern;
16079 
16080       /* Unify the pattern with the current argument.  */
16081       if (unify_one_argument (tparms, targs, parm, arg, subr, strict,
16082 			      LOOKUP_IMPLICIT, explain_p))
16083 	return 1;
16084 
16085       /* For each parameter pack, collect the deduced value.  */
16086       for (pack = packs; pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
16087         {
16088           int idx, level;
16089           template_parm_level_and_index (TREE_PURPOSE (pack), &level, &idx);
16090 
16091           TREE_VEC_ELT (TREE_TYPE (pack), i - start) =
16092             TMPL_ARG (targs, level, idx);
16093         }
16094     }
16095 
16096   /* Verify that the results of unification with the parameter packs
16097      produce results consistent with what we've seen before, and make
16098      the deduced argument packs available.  */
16099   for (pack = packs; pack; pack = TREE_CHAIN (pack))
16100     {
16101       tree old_pack = TREE_VALUE (pack);
16102       tree new_args = TREE_TYPE (pack);
16103       int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (new_args);
16104       int idx, level;
16105       bool nondeduced_p = false;
16106 
16107       /* By default keep the original deduced argument pack.
16108 	 If necessary, more specific code is going to update the
16109 	 resulting deduced argument later down in this function.  */
16110       template_parm_level_and_index (TREE_PURPOSE (pack), &level, &idx);
16111       TMPL_ARG (targs, level, idx) = old_pack;
16112 
16113       /* If NEW_ARGS contains any NULL_TREE entries, we didn't
16114 	 actually deduce anything.  */
16115       for (i = 0; i < len && !nondeduced_p; ++i)
16116 	if (TREE_VEC_ELT (new_args, i) == NULL_TREE)
16117 	  nondeduced_p = true;
16118       if (nondeduced_p)
16119 	continue;
16120 
16121       if (old_pack && ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P (old_pack))
16122         {
16123           /* If we had fewer function args than explicit template args,
16124              just use the explicits.  */
16125           tree explicit_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (old_pack);
16126           int explicit_len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (explicit_args);
16127           if (len < explicit_len)
16128             new_args = explicit_args;
16129         }
16130 
16131       if (!old_pack)
16132         {
16133           tree result;
16134           /* Build the deduced *_ARGUMENT_PACK.  */
16135           if (TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (pack)) == TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX)
16136             {
16137               result = make_node (NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
16138               TREE_TYPE (result) =
16139                 TREE_TYPE (TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (TREE_PURPOSE (pack)));
16140               TREE_CONSTANT (result) = 1;
16141             }
16142           else
16143             result = cxx_make_type (TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK);
16144 
16145           SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (result, new_args);
16146 
16147           /* Note the deduced argument packs for this parameter
16148              pack.  */
16149           TMPL_ARG (targs, level, idx) = result;
16150         }
16151       else if (ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P (old_pack)
16152                && (ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (old_pack)
16153                    == ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (old_pack)))
16154         {
16155           /* We only had the explicitly-provided arguments before, but
16156              now we have a complete set of arguments.  */
16157           tree explicit_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (old_pack);
16158 
16159           SET_ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (old_pack, new_args);
16160           ARGUMENT_PACK_INCOMPLETE_P (old_pack) = 1;
16161           ARGUMENT_PACK_EXPLICIT_ARGS (old_pack) = explicit_args;
16162         }
16163       else
16164 	{
16165 	  tree bad_old_arg = NULL_TREE, bad_new_arg = NULL_TREE;
16166 	  tree old_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (old_pack);
16167 
16168 	  if (!comp_template_args_with_info (old_args, new_args,
16169 					     &bad_old_arg, &bad_new_arg))
16170 	    /* Inconsistent unification of this parameter pack.  */
16171 	    return unify_parameter_pack_inconsistent (explain_p,
16172 						      bad_old_arg,
16173 						      bad_new_arg);
16174 	}
16175     }
16176 
16177   return unify_success (explain_p);
16178 }
16179 
16180 /* Deduce the value of template parameters.  TPARMS is the (innermost)
16181    set of template parameters to a template.  TARGS is the bindings
16182    for those template parameters, as determined thus far; TARGS may
16183    include template arguments for outer levels of template parameters
16184    as well.  PARM is a parameter to a template function, or a
16185    subcomponent of that parameter; ARG is the corresponding argument.
16186    This function attempts to match PARM with ARG in a manner
16187    consistent with the existing assignments in TARGS.  If more values
16188    are deduced, then TARGS is updated.
16189 
16190    Returns 0 if the type deduction succeeds, 1 otherwise.  The
16191    parameter STRICT is a bitwise or of the following flags:
16192 
16193      UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE:
16194        Require an exact match between PARM and ARG.
16195      UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL:
16196        Allow the deduced ARG to be more cv-qualified (by qualification
16197        conversion) than ARG.
16198      UNIFY_ALLOW_LESS_CV_QUAL:
16199        Allow the deduced ARG to be less cv-qualified than ARG.
16200      UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED:
16201        Allow the deduced ARG to be a template base class of ARG,
16202        or a pointer to a template base class of the type pointed to by
16203        ARG.
16204      UNIFY_ALLOW_INTEGER:
16205        Allow any integral type to be deduced.  See the TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX
16206        case for more information.
16207      UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL:
16208        This is the outermost level of a deduction. Used to determine validity
16209        of qualification conversions. A valid qualification conversion must
16210        have const qualified pointers leading up to the inner type which
16211        requires additional CV quals, except at the outer level, where const
16212        is not required [conv.qual]. It would be normal to set this flag in
16213        addition to setting UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL.
16214      UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL:
16215        This is the outermost level of a deduction, and PARM can be more CV
16216        qualified at this point.
16217      UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LESS_CV_QUAL:
16218        This is the outermost level of a deduction, and PARM can be less CV
16219        qualified at this point.  */
16220 
16221 static int
16222 unify (tree tparms, tree targs, tree parm, tree arg, int strict,
16223        bool explain_p)
16224 {
16225   int idx;
16226   tree targ;
16227   tree tparm;
16228   int strict_in = strict;
16229 
16230   /* I don't think this will do the right thing with respect to types.
16231      But the only case I've seen it in so far has been array bounds, where
16232      signedness is the only information lost, and I think that will be
16233      okay.  */
16234   while (TREE_CODE (parm) == NOP_EXPR)
16235     parm = TREE_OPERAND (parm, 0);
16236 
16237   if (arg == error_mark_node)
16238     return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16239   if (arg == unknown_type_node
16240       || arg == init_list_type_node)
16241     /* We can't deduce anything from this, but we might get all the
16242        template args from other function args.  */
16243     return unify_success (explain_p);
16244 
16245   /* If PARM uses template parameters, then we can't bail out here,
16246      even if ARG == PARM, since we won't record unifications for the
16247      template parameters.  We might need them if we're trying to
16248      figure out which of two things is more specialized.  */
16249   if (arg == parm && !uses_template_parms (parm))
16250     return unify_success (explain_p);
16251 
16252   /* Handle init lists early, so the rest of the function can assume
16253      we're dealing with a type. */
16254   if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (arg))
16255     {
16256       tree elt, elttype;
16257       unsigned i;
16258       tree orig_parm = parm;
16259 
16260       /* Replace T with std::initializer_list<T> for deduction.  */
16261       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
16262 	  && flag_deduce_init_list)
16263 	parm = listify (parm);
16264 
16265       if (!is_std_init_list (parm))
16266 	/* We can only deduce from an initializer list argument if the
16267 	   parameter is std::initializer_list; otherwise this is a
16268 	   non-deduced context. */
16269 	return unify_success (explain_p);
16270 
16271       elttype = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (parm), 0);
16272 
16273       FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (arg), i, elt)
16274 	{
16275 	  int elt_strict = strict;
16276 
16277 	  if (elt == error_mark_node)
16278 	    return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16279 
16280 	  if (!BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (elt))
16281 	    {
16282 	      tree type = TREE_TYPE (elt);
16283 	      /* It should only be possible to get here for a call.  */
16284 	      gcc_assert (elt_strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL);
16285 	      elt_strict |= maybe_adjust_types_for_deduction
16286 		(DEDUCE_CALL, &elttype, &type, elt);
16287 	      elt = type;
16288 	    }
16289 
16290 	  RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs, elttype, elt, elt_strict,
16291 				   explain_p);
16292 	}
16293 
16294       /* If the std::initializer_list<T> deduction worked, replace the
16295 	 deduced A with std::initializer_list<A>.  */
16296       if (orig_parm != parm)
16297 	{
16298 	  idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (orig_parm);
16299 	  targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx);
16300 	  targ = listify (targ);
16301 	  TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx) = targ;
16302 	}
16303       return unify_success (explain_p);
16304     }
16305 
16306   /* Immediately reject some pairs that won't unify because of
16307      cv-qualification mismatches.  */
16308   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_CODE (parm)
16309       && TYPE_P (arg)
16310       /* It is the elements of the array which hold the cv quals of an array
16311 	 type, and the elements might be template type parms. We'll check
16312 	 when we recurse.  */
16313       && TREE_CODE (arg) != ARRAY_TYPE
16314       /* We check the cv-qualifiers when unifying with template type
16315 	 parameters below.  We want to allow ARG `const T' to unify with
16316 	 PARM `T' for example, when computing which of two templates
16317 	 is more specialized, for example.  */
16318       && TREE_CODE (arg) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
16319       && !check_cv_quals_for_unify (strict_in, arg, parm))
16320     return unify_cv_qual_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16321 
16322   if (!(strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL)
16323       && TYPE_P (parm) && !CP_TYPE_CONST_P (parm))
16324     strict &= ~UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL;
16325   strict &= ~UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LEVEL;
16326   strict &= ~UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED;
16327   strict &= ~UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_MORE_CV_QUAL;
16328   strict &= ~UNIFY_ALLOW_OUTER_LESS_CV_QUAL;
16329 
16330   switch (TREE_CODE (parm))
16331     {
16332     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
16333     case SCOPE_REF:
16334     case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
16335       /* In a type which contains a nested-name-specifier, template
16336 	 argument values cannot be deduced for template parameters used
16337 	 within the nested-name-specifier.  */
16338       return unify_success (explain_p);
16339 
16340     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
16341     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
16342     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
16343       tparm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, 0));
16344       if (tparm == error_mark_node)
16345 	return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16346 
16347       if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (parm)
16348 	  != template_decl_level (tparm))
16349 	/* The PARM is not one we're trying to unify.  Just check
16350 	   to see if it matches ARG.  */
16351 	{
16352 	  if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_CODE (parm)
16353 	      && same_type_p (parm, arg))
16354 	    return unify_success (explain_p);
16355 	  else
16356 	    return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16357 	}
16358       idx = TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (parm);
16359       targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx);
16360       tparm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, idx));
16361       if (tparm == error_mark_node)
16362 	return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16363 
16364       /* Check for mixed types and values.  */
16365       if ((TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
16366 	   && TREE_CODE (tparm) != TYPE_DECL)
16367 	  || (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
16368 	      && TREE_CODE (tparm) != TEMPLATE_DECL))
16369 	gcc_unreachable ();
16370 
16371       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
16372 	{
16373 	  /* ARG must be constructed from a template class or a template
16374 	     template parameter.  */
16375 	  if (TREE_CODE (arg) != BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
16376 	      && !CLASSTYPE_SPECIALIZATION_OF_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (arg))
16377 	    return unify_template_deduction_failure (explain_p, parm, arg);
16378 
16379 	  {
16380 	    tree parmvec = TYPE_TI_ARGS (parm);
16381 	    tree argvec = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (TYPE_TI_ARGS (arg));
16382 	    tree full_argvec = add_to_template_args (targs, argvec);
16383 	    tree parm_parms
16384               = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS
16385 	          (TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_TEMPLATE_DECL (parm));
16386 	    int i, len;
16387             int parm_variadic_p = 0;
16388 
16389 	    /* The resolution to DR150 makes clear that default
16390 	       arguments for an N-argument may not be used to bind T
16391 	       to a template template parameter with fewer than N
16392 	       parameters.  It is not safe to permit the binding of
16393 	       default arguments as an extension, as that may change
16394 	       the meaning of a conforming program.  Consider:
16395 
16396 		  struct Dense { static const unsigned int dim = 1; };
16397 
16398 		  template <template <typename> class View,
16399 			    typename Block>
16400 		  void operator+(float, View<Block> const&);
16401 
16402 		  template <typename Block,
16403 			    unsigned int Dim = Block::dim>
16404 		  struct Lvalue_proxy { operator float() const; };
16405 
16406 		  void
16407 		  test_1d (void) {
16408 		    Lvalue_proxy<Dense> p;
16409 		    float b;
16410 		    b + p;
16411 		  }
16412 
16413 	      Here, if Lvalue_proxy is permitted to bind to View, then
16414 	      the global operator+ will be used; if they are not, the
16415 	      Lvalue_proxy will be converted to float.  */
16416 	    if (coerce_template_parms (parm_parms,
16417                                        full_argvec,
16418 				       TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (parm),
16419 				       (explain_p
16420 					? tf_warning_or_error
16421 					: tf_none),
16422 				       /*require_all_args=*/true,
16423 				       /*use_default_args=*/false)
16424 		== error_mark_node)
16425 	      return 1;
16426 
16427 	    /* Deduce arguments T, i from TT<T> or TT<i>.
16428 	       We check each element of PARMVEC and ARGVEC individually
16429 	       rather than the whole TREE_VEC since they can have
16430 	       different number of elements.  */
16431 
16432             parmvec = expand_template_argument_pack (parmvec);
16433             argvec = expand_template_argument_pack (argvec);
16434 
16435             len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parmvec);
16436 
16437             /* Check if the parameters end in a pack, making them
16438                variadic.  */
16439             if (len > 0
16440                 && PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, len - 1)))
16441               parm_variadic_p = 1;
16442 
16443             if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (argvec) < len - parm_variadic_p)
16444               return unify_too_few_arguments (explain_p,
16445 					      TREE_VEC_LENGTH (argvec), len);
16446 
16447              for (i = 0; i < len - parm_variadic_p; ++i)
16448 	      {
16449 		RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs,
16450 					 TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, i),
16451 					 TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, i),
16452 					 UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16453 	      }
16454 
16455 	    if (parm_variadic_p
16456 		&& unify_pack_expansion (tparms, targs,
16457 					 parmvec, argvec,
16458 					 DEDUCE_EXACT,
16459 					 /*subr=*/true, explain_p))
16460 	      return 1;
16461 	  }
16462 	  arg = TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (arg);
16463 
16464 	  /* Fall through to deduce template name.  */
16465 	}
16466 
16467       if (TREE_CODE (parm) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
16468 	  || TREE_CODE (parm) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
16469 	{
16470 	  /* Deduce template name TT from TT, TT<>, TT<T> and TT<i>.  */
16471 
16472 	  /* Simple cases: Value already set, does match or doesn't.  */
16473 	  if (targ != NULL_TREE && template_args_equal (targ, arg))
16474 	    return unify_success (explain_p);
16475 	  else if (targ)
16476 	    return unify_inconsistency (explain_p, parm, targ, arg);
16477 	}
16478       else
16479 	{
16480 	  /* If PARM is `const T' and ARG is only `int', we don't have
16481 	     a match unless we are allowing additional qualification.
16482 	     If ARG is `const int' and PARM is just `T' that's OK;
16483 	     that binds `const int' to `T'.  */
16484 	  if (!check_cv_quals_for_unify (strict_in | UNIFY_ALLOW_LESS_CV_QUAL,
16485 					 arg, parm))
16486 	    return unify_cv_qual_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16487 
16488 	  /* Consider the case where ARG is `const volatile int' and
16489 	     PARM is `const T'.  Then, T should be `volatile int'.  */
16490 	  arg = cp_build_qualified_type_real
16491 	    (arg, cp_type_quals (arg) & ~cp_type_quals (parm), tf_none);
16492 	  if (arg == error_mark_node)
16493 	    return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16494 
16495 	  /* Simple cases: Value already set, does match or doesn't.  */
16496 	  if (targ != NULL_TREE && same_type_p (targ, arg))
16497 	    return unify_success (explain_p);
16498 	  else if (targ)
16499 	    return unify_inconsistency (explain_p, parm, targ, arg);
16500 
16501 	  /* Make sure that ARG is not a variable-sized array.  (Note
16502 	     that were talking about variable-sized arrays (like
16503 	     `int[n]'), rather than arrays of unknown size (like
16504 	     `int[]').)  We'll get very confused by such a type since
16505 	     the bound of the array is not constant, and therefore
16506 	     not mangleable.  Besides, such types are not allowed in
16507 	     ISO C++, so we can do as we please here.  We do allow
16508 	     them for 'auto' deduction, since that isn't ABI-exposed.  */
16509 	  if (!is_auto (parm) && variably_modified_type_p (arg, NULL_TREE))
16510 	    return unify_vla_arg (explain_p, arg);
16511 
16512 	  /* Strip typedefs as in convert_template_argument.  */
16513 	  arg = canonicalize_type_argument (arg, tf_none);
16514 	}
16515 
16516       /* If ARG is a parameter pack or an expansion, we cannot unify
16517 	 against it unless PARM is also a parameter pack.  */
16518       if ((template_parameter_pack_p (arg) || PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
16519 	  && !template_parameter_pack_p (parm))
16520 	return unify_parameter_pack_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16521 
16522       /* If the argument deduction results is a METHOD_TYPE,
16523          then there is a problem.
16524          METHOD_TYPE doesn't map to any real C++ type the result of
16525 	 the deduction can not be of that type.  */
16526       if (TREE_CODE (arg) == METHOD_TYPE)
16527 	return unify_method_type_error (explain_p, arg);
16528 
16529       TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx) = arg;
16530       return unify_success (explain_p);
16531 
16532     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
16533       tparm = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, 0));
16534       if (tparm == error_mark_node)
16535 	return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16536 
16537       if (TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (parm)
16538 	  != template_decl_level (tparm))
16539 	{
16540 	  /* The PARM is not one we're trying to unify.  Just check
16541 	     to see if it matches ARG.  */
16542 	  int result = !(TREE_CODE (arg) == TREE_CODE (parm)
16543 			 && cp_tree_equal (parm, arg));
16544 	  if (result)
16545 	    unify_expression_unequal (explain_p, parm, arg);
16546 	  return result;
16547 	}
16548 
16549       idx = TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (parm);
16550       targ = TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx);
16551 
16552       if (targ)
16553 	{
16554 	  int x = !cp_tree_equal (targ, arg);
16555 	  if (x)
16556 	    unify_inconsistency (explain_p, parm, targ, arg);
16557 	  return x;
16558 	}
16559 
16560       /* [temp.deduct.type] If, in the declaration of a function template
16561 	 with a non-type template-parameter, the non-type
16562 	 template-parameter is used in an expression in the function
16563 	 parameter-list and, if the corresponding template-argument is
16564 	 deduced, the template-argument type shall match the type of the
16565 	 template-parameter exactly, except that a template-argument
16566 	 deduced from an array bound may be of any integral type.
16567 	 The non-type parameter might use already deduced type parameters.  */
16568       tparm = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (parm), targs, 0, NULL_TREE);
16569       if (!TREE_TYPE (arg))
16570 	/* Template-parameter dependent expression.  Just accept it for now.
16571 	   It will later be processed in convert_template_argument.  */
16572 	;
16573       else if (same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (arg), tparm))
16574 	/* OK */;
16575       else if ((strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_INTEGER)
16576 	       && (TREE_CODE (tparm) == INTEGER_TYPE
16577 		   || TREE_CODE (tparm) == BOOLEAN_TYPE))
16578 	/* Convert the ARG to the type of PARM; the deduced non-type
16579 	   template argument must exactly match the types of the
16580 	   corresponding parameter.  */
16581 	arg = fold (build_nop (tparm, arg));
16582       else if (uses_template_parms (tparm))
16583 	/* We haven't deduced the type of this parameter yet.  Try again
16584 	   later.  */
16585 	return unify_success (explain_p);
16586       else
16587 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, tparm, arg);
16588 
16589       /* If ARG is a parameter pack or an expansion, we cannot unify
16590 	 against it unless PARM is also a parameter pack.  */
16591       if ((template_parameter_pack_p (arg) || PACK_EXPANSION_P (arg))
16592 	  && !TEMPLATE_PARM_PARAMETER_PACK (parm))
16593 	return unify_parameter_pack_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16594 
16595       TREE_VEC_ELT (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (targs), idx) = arg;
16596       return unify_success (explain_p);
16597 
16598     case PTRMEM_CST:
16599      {
16600 	/* A pointer-to-member constant can be unified only with
16601 	 another constant.  */
16602       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != PTRMEM_CST)
16603 	return unify_ptrmem_cst_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16604 
16605       /* Just unify the class member. It would be useless (and possibly
16606 	 wrong, depending on the strict flags) to unify also
16607 	 PTRMEM_CST_CLASS, because we want to be sure that both parm and
16608 	 arg refer to the same variable, even if through different
16609 	 classes. For instance:
16610 
16611 	 struct A { int x; };
16612 	 struct B : A { };
16613 
16614 	 Unification of &A::x and &B::x must succeed.  */
16615       return unify (tparms, targs, PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (parm),
16616 		    PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (arg), strict, explain_p);
16617      }
16618 
16619     case POINTER_TYPE:
16620       {
16621 	if (TREE_CODE (arg) != POINTER_TYPE)
16622 	  return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16623 
16624 	/* [temp.deduct.call]
16625 
16626 	   A can be another pointer or pointer to member type that can
16627 	   be converted to the deduced A via a qualification
16628 	   conversion (_conv.qual_).
16629 
16630 	   We pass down STRICT here rather than UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE.
16631 	   This will allow for additional cv-qualification of the
16632 	   pointed-to types if appropriate.  */
16633 
16634 	if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == RECORD_TYPE)
16635 	  /* The derived-to-base conversion only persists through one
16636 	     level of pointers.  */
16637 	  strict |= (strict_in & UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED);
16638 
16639 	return unify (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm),
16640 		      TREE_TYPE (arg), strict, explain_p);
16641       }
16642 
16643     case REFERENCE_TYPE:
16644       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
16645 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16646       return unify (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm), TREE_TYPE (arg),
16647 		    strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL, explain_p);
16648 
16649     case ARRAY_TYPE:
16650       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != ARRAY_TYPE)
16651 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16652       if ((TYPE_DOMAIN (parm) == NULL_TREE)
16653 	  != (TYPE_DOMAIN (arg) == NULL_TREE))
16654 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16655       if (TYPE_DOMAIN (parm) != NULL_TREE)
16656 	{
16657 	  tree parm_max;
16658 	  tree arg_max;
16659 	  bool parm_cst;
16660 	  bool arg_cst;
16661 
16662 	  /* Our representation of array types uses "N - 1" as the
16663 	     TYPE_MAX_VALUE for an array with "N" elements, if "N" is
16664 	     not an integer constant.  We cannot unify arbitrarily
16665 	     complex expressions, so we eliminate the MINUS_EXPRs
16666 	     here.  */
16667 	  parm_max = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (parm));
16668 	  parm_cst = TREE_CODE (parm_max) == INTEGER_CST;
16669 	  if (!parm_cst)
16670 	    {
16671 	      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (parm_max) == MINUS_EXPR);
16672 	      parm_max = TREE_OPERAND (parm_max, 0);
16673 	    }
16674 	  arg_max = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (arg));
16675 	  arg_cst = TREE_CODE (arg_max) == INTEGER_CST;
16676 	  if (!arg_cst)
16677 	    {
16678 	      /* The ARG_MAX may not be a simple MINUS_EXPR, if we are
16679 		 trying to unify the type of a variable with the type
16680 		 of a template parameter.  For example:
16681 
16682                    template <unsigned int N>
16683 		   void f (char (&) [N]);
16684 		   int g();
16685 		   void h(int i) {
16686                      char a[g(i)];
16687 		     f(a);
16688                    }
16689 
16690                 Here, the type of the ARG will be "int [g(i)]", and
16691                 may be a SAVE_EXPR, etc.  */
16692 	      if (TREE_CODE (arg_max) != MINUS_EXPR)
16693 		return unify_vla_arg (explain_p, arg);
16694 	      arg_max = TREE_OPERAND (arg_max, 0);
16695 	    }
16696 
16697 	  /* If only one of the bounds used a MINUS_EXPR, compensate
16698 	     by adding one to the other bound.  */
16699 	  if (parm_cst && !arg_cst)
16700 	    parm_max = fold_build2_loc (input_location, PLUS_EXPR,
16701 				    integer_type_node,
16702 				    parm_max,
16703 				    integer_one_node);
16704 	  else if (arg_cst && !parm_cst)
16705 	    arg_max = fold_build2_loc (input_location, PLUS_EXPR,
16706 				   integer_type_node,
16707 				   arg_max,
16708 				   integer_one_node);
16709 
16710 	  RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs, parm_max, arg_max,
16711 				   UNIFY_ALLOW_INTEGER, explain_p);
16712 	}
16713       return unify (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm), TREE_TYPE (arg),
16714 		    strict & UNIFY_ALLOW_MORE_CV_QUAL, explain_p);
16715 
16716     case REAL_TYPE:
16717     case COMPLEX_TYPE:
16718     case VECTOR_TYPE:
16719     case INTEGER_TYPE:
16720     case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
16721     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
16722     case VOID_TYPE:
16723     case NULLPTR_TYPE:
16724       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != TREE_CODE (parm))
16725 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16726 
16727       /* We have already checked cv-qualification at the top of the
16728 	 function.  */
16729       if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (arg, parm))
16730 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16731 
16732       /* As far as unification is concerned, this wins.	 Later checks
16733 	 will invalidate it if necessary.  */
16734       return unify_success (explain_p);
16735 
16736       /* Types INTEGER_CST and MINUS_EXPR can come from array bounds.  */
16737       /* Type INTEGER_CST can come from ordinary constant template args.  */
16738     case INTEGER_CST:
16739       while (TREE_CODE (arg) == NOP_EXPR)
16740 	arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0);
16741 
16742       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != INTEGER_CST)
16743 	return unify_template_argument_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16744       return (tree_int_cst_equal (parm, arg)
16745 	      ? unify_success (explain_p)
16746 	      : unify_template_argument_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg));
16747 
16748     case TREE_VEC:
16749       {
16750 	int i, len, argslen;
16751 	int parm_variadic_p = 0;
16752 
16753 	if (TREE_CODE (arg) != TREE_VEC)
16754 	  return unify_template_argument_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16755 
16756 	len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parm);
16757 	argslen = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg);
16758 
16759 	/* Check for pack expansions in the parameters.  */
16760 	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
16761 	  {
16762 	    if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (parm, i)))
16763 	      {
16764 		if (i == len - 1)
16765 		  /* We can unify against something with a trailing
16766 		     parameter pack.  */
16767 		  parm_variadic_p = 1;
16768 		else
16769 		  /* [temp.deduct.type]/9: If the template argument list of
16770 		     P contains a pack expansion that is not the last
16771 		     template argument, the entire template argument list
16772 		     is a non-deduced context.  */
16773 		  return unify_success (explain_p);
16774 	      }
16775 	  }
16776 
16777         /* If we don't have enough arguments to satisfy the parameters
16778            (not counting the pack expression at the end), or we have
16779            too many arguments for a parameter list that doesn't end in
16780            a pack expression, we can't unify.  */
16781 	if (parm_variadic_p
16782 	    ? argslen < len - parm_variadic_p
16783 	    : argslen != len)
16784 	  return unify_arity (explain_p, TREE_VEC_LENGTH (arg), len);
16785 
16786 	/* Unify all of the parameters that precede the (optional)
16787 	   pack expression.  */
16788 	for (i = 0; i < len - parm_variadic_p; ++i)
16789 	  {
16790 	    RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs,
16791 				     TREE_VEC_ELT (parm, i),
16792 				     TREE_VEC_ELT (arg, i),
16793 				     UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16794 	  }
16795 	if (parm_variadic_p)
16796 	  return unify_pack_expansion (tparms, targs, parm, arg,
16797 				       DEDUCE_EXACT,
16798 				       /*subr=*/true, explain_p);
16799 	return unify_success (explain_p);
16800       }
16801 
16802     case RECORD_TYPE:
16803     case UNION_TYPE:
16804       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != TREE_CODE (parm))
16805 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16806 
16807       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (parm))
16808 	{
16809 	  if (!TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg))
16810 	    return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16811 
16812 	  return unify (tparms, targs,
16813 			TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (parm),
16814 			TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (arg),
16815 			strict, explain_p);
16816 	}
16817 
16818       if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (parm))
16819 	{
16820 	  tree t = NULL_TREE;
16821 
16822 	  if (strict_in & UNIFY_ALLOW_DERIVED)
16823 	    {
16824 	      /* First, we try to unify the PARM and ARG directly.  */
16825 	      t = try_class_unification (tparms, targs,
16826 					 parm, arg, explain_p);
16827 
16828 	      if (!t)
16829 		{
16830 		  /* Fallback to the special case allowed in
16831 		     [temp.deduct.call]:
16832 
16833 		       If P is a class, and P has the form
16834 		       template-id, then A can be a derived class of
16835 		       the deduced A.  Likewise, if P is a pointer to
16836 		       a class of the form template-id, A can be a
16837 		       pointer to a derived class pointed to by the
16838 		       deduced A.  */
16839 		  enum template_base_result r;
16840 		  r = get_template_base (tparms, targs, parm, arg,
16841 					 explain_p, &t);
16842 
16843 		  if (!t)
16844 		    return unify_no_common_base (explain_p, r, parm, arg);
16845 		}
16846 	    }
16847 	  else if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (arg)
16848 		   && (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (parm)
16849 		       == CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (arg)))
16850 	    /* Perhaps PARM is something like S<U> and ARG is S<int>.
16851 	       Then, we should unify `int' and `U'.  */
16852 	    t = arg;
16853 	  else
16854 	    /* There's no chance of unification succeeding.  */
16855 	    return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16856 
16857 	  return unify (tparms, targs, CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (parm),
16858 			CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (t), UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16859 	}
16860       else if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (parm, arg))
16861 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16862       return unify_success (explain_p);
16863 
16864     case METHOD_TYPE:
16865     case FUNCTION_TYPE:
16866       {
16867 	unsigned int nargs;
16868 	tree *args;
16869 	tree a;
16870 	unsigned int i;
16871 
16872 	if (TREE_CODE (arg) != TREE_CODE (parm))
16873 	  return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16874 
16875 	/* CV qualifications for methods can never be deduced, they must
16876 	   match exactly.  We need to check them explicitly here,
16877 	   because type_unification_real treats them as any other
16878 	   cv-qualified parameter.  */
16879 	if (TREE_CODE (parm) == METHOD_TYPE
16880 	    && (!check_cv_quals_for_unify
16881 		(UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE,
16882 		 class_of_this_parm (arg),
16883 		 class_of_this_parm (parm))))
16884 	  return unify_cv_qual_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16885 
16886 	RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm),
16887 				 TREE_TYPE (arg), UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16888 
16889 	nargs = list_length (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (arg));
16890 	args = XALLOCAVEC (tree, nargs);
16891 	for (a = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (arg), i = 0;
16892 	     a != NULL_TREE && a != void_list_node;
16893 	     a = TREE_CHAIN (a), ++i)
16894 	  args[i] = TREE_VALUE (a);
16895 	nargs = i;
16896 
16897 	return type_unification_real (tparms, targs, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (parm),
16898 				      args, nargs, 1, DEDUCE_EXACT,
16899 				      LOOKUP_NORMAL, explain_p);
16900       }
16901 
16902     case OFFSET_TYPE:
16903       /* Unify a pointer to member with a pointer to member function, which
16904 	 deduces the type of the member as a function type. */
16905       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg))
16906 	{
16907 	  tree method_type;
16908 	  tree fntype;
16909 
16910 	  /* Check top-level cv qualifiers */
16911 	  if (!check_cv_quals_for_unify (UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, arg, parm))
16912 	    return unify_cv_qual_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16913 
16914 	  RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs, TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (parm),
16915 				   TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (arg),
16916 				   UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16917 
16918 	  /* Determine the type of the function we are unifying against. */
16919 	  method_type = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (arg));
16920 	  fntype =
16921 	    build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (method_type),
16922 				 TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (method_type)));
16923 
16924 	  /* Extract the cv-qualifiers of the member function from the
16925 	     implicit object parameter and place them on the function
16926 	     type to be restored later. */
16927 	  fntype = apply_memfn_quals (fntype, type_memfn_quals (method_type));
16928 	  return unify (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm), fntype, strict, explain_p);
16929 	}
16930 
16931       if (TREE_CODE (arg) != OFFSET_TYPE)
16932 	return unify_type_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16933       RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE (tparms, targs, TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (parm),
16934 			       TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (arg),
16935 			       UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, explain_p);
16936       return unify (tparms, targs, TREE_TYPE (parm), TREE_TYPE (arg),
16937 		    strict, explain_p);
16938 
16939     case CONST_DECL:
16940       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (parm))
16941 	return unify (tparms, targs, DECL_INITIAL (parm), arg, strict, explain_p);
16942       if (arg != integral_constant_value (parm))
16943 	return unify_template_argument_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16944       return unify_success (explain_p);
16945 
16946     case FIELD_DECL:
16947     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
16948       /* Matched cases are handled by the ARG == PARM test above.  */
16949       return unify_template_argument_mismatch (explain_p, parm, arg);
16950 
16951     case VAR_DECL:
16952       /* A non-type template parameter that is a variable should be a
16953 	 an integral constant, in which case, it whould have been
16954 	 folded into its (constant) value. So we should not be getting
16955 	 a variable here.  */
16956       gcc_unreachable ();
16957 
16958     case TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
16959     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
16960       return unify (tparms, targs, ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (parm),
16961 		    ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg), strict, explain_p);
16962 
16963     case TYPEOF_TYPE:
16964     case DECLTYPE_TYPE:
16965     case UNDERLYING_TYPE:
16966       /* Cannot deduce anything from TYPEOF_TYPE, DECLTYPE_TYPE,
16967 	 or UNDERLYING_TYPE nodes.  */
16968       return unify_success (explain_p);
16969 
16970     case ERROR_MARK:
16971       /* Unification fails if we hit an error node.  */
16972       return unify_invalid (explain_p);
16973 
16974     default:
16975       /* An unresolved overload is a nondeduced context.  */
16976       if (is_overloaded_fn (parm) || type_unknown_p (parm))
16977 	return unify_success (explain_p);
16978       gcc_assert (EXPR_P (parm));
16979 
16980       /* We must be looking at an expression.  This can happen with
16981 	 something like:
16982 
16983 	   template <int I>
16984 	   void foo(S<I>, S<I + 2>);
16985 
16986 	 This is a "nondeduced context":
16987 
16988 	   [deduct.type]
16989 
16990 	   The nondeduced contexts are:
16991 
16992 	   --A type that is a template-id in which one or more of
16993 	     the template-arguments is an expression that references
16994 	     a template-parameter.
16995 
16996 	 In these cases, we assume deduction succeeded, but don't
16997 	 actually infer any unifications.  */
16998 
16999       if (!uses_template_parms (parm)
17000 	  && !template_args_equal (parm, arg))
17001 	return unify_expression_unequal (explain_p, parm, arg);
17002       else
17003 	return unify_success (explain_p);
17004     }
17005 }
17006 #undef RECUR_AND_CHECK_FAILURE
17007 
17008 /* Note that DECL can be defined in this translation unit, if
17009    required.  */
17010 
17011 static void
17012 mark_definable (tree decl)
17013 {
17014   tree clone;
17015   DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 1;
17016   FOR_EACH_CLONE (clone, decl)
17017     DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (clone) = 1;
17018 }
17019 
17020 /* Called if RESULT is explicitly instantiated, or is a member of an
17021    explicitly instantiated class.  */
17022 
17023 void
17024 mark_decl_instantiated (tree result, int extern_p)
17025 {
17026   SET_DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (result);
17027 
17028   /* If this entity has already been written out, it's too late to
17029      make any modifications.  */
17030   if (TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (result))
17031     return;
17032 
17033   if (TREE_CODE (result) != FUNCTION_DECL)
17034     /* The TREE_PUBLIC flag for function declarations will have been
17035        set correctly by tsubst.  */
17036     TREE_PUBLIC (result) = 1;
17037 
17038   /* This might have been set by an earlier implicit instantiation.  */
17039   DECL_COMDAT (result) = 0;
17040 
17041   if (extern_p)
17042     DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (result) = 0;
17043   else
17044     {
17045       mark_definable (result);
17046       /* Always make artificials weak.  */
17047       if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (result) && flag_weak)
17048 	comdat_linkage (result);
17049       /* For WIN32 we also want to put explicit instantiations in
17050 	 linkonce sections.  */
17051       else if (TREE_PUBLIC (result))
17052 	maybe_make_one_only (result);
17053     }
17054 
17055   /* If EXTERN_P, then this function will not be emitted -- unless
17056      followed by an explicit instantiation, at which point its linkage
17057      will be adjusted.  If !EXTERN_P, then this function will be
17058      emitted here.  In neither circumstance do we want
17059      import_export_decl to adjust the linkage.  */
17060   DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (result) = 1;
17061 }
17062 
17063 /* Subroutine of more_specialized_fn: check whether TARGS is missing any
17064    important template arguments.  If any are missing, we check whether
17065    they're important by using error_mark_node for substituting into any
17066    args that were used for partial ordering (the ones between ARGS and END)
17067    and seeing if it bubbles up.  */
17068 
17069 static bool
17070 check_undeduced_parms (tree targs, tree args, tree end)
17071 {
17072   bool found = false;
17073   int i;
17074   for (i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
17075     if (TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) == NULL_TREE)
17076       {
17077 	found = true;
17078 	TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, i) = error_mark_node;
17079       }
17080   if (found)
17081     {
17082       for (; args != end; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
17083 	{
17084 	  tree substed = tsubst (TREE_VALUE (args), targs, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
17085 	  if (substed == error_mark_node)
17086 	    return true;
17087 	}
17088     }
17089   return false;
17090 }
17091 
17092 /* Given two function templates PAT1 and PAT2, return:
17093 
17094    1 if PAT1 is more specialized than PAT2 as described in [temp.func.order].
17095    -1 if PAT2 is more specialized than PAT1.
17096    0 if neither is more specialized.
17097 
17098    LEN indicates the number of parameters we should consider
17099    (defaulted parameters should not be considered).
17100 
17101    The 1998 std underspecified function template partial ordering, and
17102    DR214 addresses the issue.  We take pairs of arguments, one from
17103    each of the templates, and deduce them against each other.  One of
17104    the templates will be more specialized if all the *other*
17105    template's arguments deduce against its arguments and at least one
17106    of its arguments *does* *not* deduce against the other template's
17107    corresponding argument.  Deduction is done as for class templates.
17108    The arguments used in deduction have reference and top level cv
17109    qualifiers removed.  Iff both arguments were originally reference
17110    types *and* deduction succeeds in both directions, the template
17111    with the more cv-qualified argument wins for that pairing (if
17112    neither is more cv-qualified, they both are equal).  Unlike regular
17113    deduction, after all the arguments have been deduced in this way,
17114    we do *not* verify the deduced template argument values can be
17115    substituted into non-deduced contexts.
17116 
17117    The logic can be a bit confusing here, because we look at deduce1 and
17118    targs1 to see if pat2 is at least as specialized, and vice versa; if we
17119    can find template arguments for pat1 to make arg1 look like arg2, that
17120    means that arg2 is at least as specialized as arg1.  */
17121 
17122 int
17123 more_specialized_fn (tree pat1, tree pat2, int len)
17124 {
17125   tree decl1 = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (pat1);
17126   tree decl2 = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (pat2);
17127   tree targs1 = make_tree_vec (DECL_NTPARMS (pat1));
17128   tree targs2 = make_tree_vec (DECL_NTPARMS (pat2));
17129   tree tparms1 = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (pat1);
17130   tree tparms2 = DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (pat2);
17131   tree args1 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl1));
17132   tree args2 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl2));
17133   tree origs1, origs2;
17134   bool lose1 = false;
17135   bool lose2 = false;
17136 
17137   /* Remove the this parameter from non-static member functions.  If
17138      one is a non-static member function and the other is not a static
17139      member function, remove the first parameter from that function
17140      also.  This situation occurs for operator functions where we
17141      locate both a member function (with this pointer) and non-member
17142      operator (with explicit first operand).  */
17143   if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl1))
17144     {
17145       len--; /* LEN is the number of significant arguments for DECL1 */
17146       args1 = TREE_CHAIN (args1);
17147       if (!DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (decl2))
17148 	args2 = TREE_CHAIN (args2);
17149     }
17150   else if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (decl2))
17151     {
17152       args2 = TREE_CHAIN (args2);
17153       if (!DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (decl1))
17154 	{
17155 	  len--;
17156 	  args1 = TREE_CHAIN (args1);
17157 	}
17158     }
17159 
17160   /* If only one is a conversion operator, they are unordered.  */
17161   if (DECL_CONV_FN_P (decl1) != DECL_CONV_FN_P (decl2))
17162     return 0;
17163 
17164   /* Consider the return type for a conversion function */
17165   if (DECL_CONV_FN_P (decl1))
17166     {
17167       args1 = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl1)), args1);
17168       args2 = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl2)), args2);
17169       len++;
17170     }
17171 
17172   processing_template_decl++;
17173 
17174   origs1 = args1;
17175   origs2 = args2;
17176 
17177   while (len--
17178 	 /* Stop when an ellipsis is seen.  */
17179 	 && args1 != NULL_TREE && args2 != NULL_TREE)
17180     {
17181       tree arg1 = TREE_VALUE (args1);
17182       tree arg2 = TREE_VALUE (args2);
17183       int deduce1, deduce2;
17184       int quals1 = -1;
17185       int quals2 = -1;
17186 
17187       if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION
17188           && TREE_CODE (arg2) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
17189         {
17190           /* When both arguments are pack expansions, we need only
17191              unify the patterns themselves.  */
17192           arg1 = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (arg1);
17193           arg2 = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (arg2);
17194 
17195           /* This is the last comparison we need to do.  */
17196           len = 0;
17197         }
17198 
17199       if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
17200 	{
17201 	  arg1 = TREE_TYPE (arg1);
17202 	  quals1 = cp_type_quals (arg1);
17203 	}
17204 
17205       if (TREE_CODE (arg2) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
17206 	{
17207 	  arg2 = TREE_TYPE (arg2);
17208 	  quals2 = cp_type_quals (arg2);
17209 	}
17210 
17211       if ((quals1 < 0) != (quals2 < 0))
17212 	{
17213 	  /* Only of the args is a reference, see if we should apply
17214 	     array/function pointer decay to it.  This is not part of
17215 	     DR214, but is, IMHO, consistent with the deduction rules
17216 	     for the function call itself, and with our earlier
17217 	     implementation of the underspecified partial ordering
17218 	     rules.  (nathan).  */
17219 	  if (quals1 >= 0)
17220 	    {
17221 	      switch (TREE_CODE (arg1))
17222 		{
17223 		case ARRAY_TYPE:
17224 		  arg1 = TREE_TYPE (arg1);
17225 		  /* FALLTHROUGH. */
17226 		case FUNCTION_TYPE:
17227 		  arg1 = build_pointer_type (arg1);
17228 		  break;
17229 
17230 		default:
17231 		  break;
17232 		}
17233 	    }
17234 	  else
17235 	    {
17236 	      switch (TREE_CODE (arg2))
17237 		{
17238 		case ARRAY_TYPE:
17239 		  arg2 = TREE_TYPE (arg2);
17240 		  /* FALLTHROUGH. */
17241 		case FUNCTION_TYPE:
17242 		  arg2 = build_pointer_type (arg2);
17243 		  break;
17244 
17245 		default:
17246 		  break;
17247 		}
17248 	    }
17249 	}
17250 
17251       arg1 = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (arg1);
17252       arg2 = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (arg2);
17253 
17254       if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
17255         {
17256           int i, len2 = list_length (args2);
17257           tree parmvec = make_tree_vec (1);
17258           tree argvec = make_tree_vec (len2);
17259           tree ta = args2;
17260 
17261           /* Setup the parameter vector, which contains only ARG1.  */
17262           TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, 0) = arg1;
17263 
17264           /* Setup the argument vector, which contains the remaining
17265              arguments.  */
17266           for (i = 0; i < len2; i++, ta = TREE_CHAIN (ta))
17267             TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, i) = TREE_VALUE (ta);
17268 
17269           deduce1 = (unify_pack_expansion (tparms1, targs1, parmvec,
17270 					   argvec, DEDUCE_EXACT,
17271 					   /*subr=*/true, /*explain_p=*/false)
17272 		     == 0);
17273 
17274           /* We cannot deduce in the other direction, because ARG1 is
17275              a pack expansion but ARG2 is not.  */
17276           deduce2 = 0;
17277         }
17278       else if (TREE_CODE (arg2) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
17279         {
17280           int i, len1 = list_length (args1);
17281           tree parmvec = make_tree_vec (1);
17282           tree argvec = make_tree_vec (len1);
17283           tree ta = args1;
17284 
17285           /* Setup the parameter vector, which contains only ARG1.  */
17286           TREE_VEC_ELT (parmvec, 0) = arg2;
17287 
17288           /* Setup the argument vector, which contains the remaining
17289              arguments.  */
17290           for (i = 0; i < len1; i++, ta = TREE_CHAIN (ta))
17291             TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, i) = TREE_VALUE (ta);
17292 
17293           deduce2 = (unify_pack_expansion (tparms2, targs2, parmvec,
17294 					   argvec, DEDUCE_EXACT,
17295 					   /*subr=*/true, /*explain_p=*/false)
17296 		     == 0);
17297 
17298           /* We cannot deduce in the other direction, because ARG2 is
17299              a pack expansion but ARG1 is not.*/
17300           deduce1 = 0;
17301         }
17302 
17303       else
17304         {
17305           /* The normal case, where neither argument is a pack
17306              expansion.  */
17307           deduce1 = (unify (tparms1, targs1, arg1, arg2,
17308 			    UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, /*explain_p=*/false)
17309 		     == 0);
17310           deduce2 = (unify (tparms2, targs2, arg2, arg1,
17311 			    UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, /*explain_p=*/false)
17312 		     == 0);
17313         }
17314 
17315       /* If we couldn't deduce arguments for tparms1 to make arg1 match
17316 	 arg2, then arg2 is not as specialized as arg1.  */
17317       if (!deduce1)
17318 	lose2 = true;
17319       if (!deduce2)
17320 	lose1 = true;
17321 
17322       /* "If, for a given type, deduction succeeds in both directions
17323 	 (i.e., the types are identical after the transformations above)
17324 	 and if the type from the argument template is more cv-qualified
17325 	 than the type from the parameter template (as described above)
17326 	 that type is considered to be more specialized than the other. If
17327 	 neither type is more cv-qualified than the other then neither type
17328 	 is more specialized than the other."  */
17329 
17330       if (deduce1 && deduce2
17331 	  && quals1 != quals2 && quals1 >= 0 && quals2 >= 0)
17332 	{
17333 	  if ((quals1 & quals2) == quals2)
17334 	    lose2 = true;
17335 	  if ((quals1 & quals2) == quals1)
17336 	    lose1 = true;
17337 	}
17338 
17339       if (lose1 && lose2)
17340 	/* We've failed to deduce something in either direction.
17341 	   These must be unordered.  */
17342 	break;
17343 
17344       if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION
17345           || TREE_CODE (arg2) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
17346         /* We have already processed all of the arguments in our
17347            handing of the pack expansion type.  */
17348         len = 0;
17349 
17350       args1 = TREE_CHAIN (args1);
17351       args2 = TREE_CHAIN (args2);
17352     }
17353 
17354   /* "In most cases, all template parameters must have values in order for
17355      deduction to succeed, but for partial ordering purposes a template
17356      parameter may remain without a value provided it is not used in the
17357      types being used for partial ordering."
17358 
17359      Thus, if we are missing any of the targs1 we need to substitute into
17360      origs1, then pat2 is not as specialized as pat1.  This can happen when
17361      there is a nondeduced context.  */
17362   if (!lose2 && check_undeduced_parms (targs1, origs1, args1))
17363     lose2 = true;
17364   if (!lose1 && check_undeduced_parms (targs2, origs2, args2))
17365     lose1 = true;
17366 
17367   processing_template_decl--;
17368 
17369   /* All things being equal, if the next argument is a pack expansion
17370      for one function but not for the other, prefer the
17371      non-variadic function.  FIXME this is bogus; see c++/41958.  */
17372   if (lose1 == lose2
17373       && args1 && TREE_VALUE (args1)
17374       && args2 && TREE_VALUE (args2))
17375     {
17376       lose1 = TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (args1)) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION;
17377       lose2 = TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (args2)) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION;
17378     }
17379 
17380   if (lose1 == lose2)
17381     return 0;
17382   else if (!lose1)
17383     return 1;
17384   else
17385     return -1;
17386 }
17387 
17388 /* Determine which of two partial specializations is more specialized.
17389 
17390    PAT1 is a TREE_LIST whose TREE_TYPE is the _TYPE node corresponding
17391    to the first partial specialization.  The TREE_VALUE is the
17392    innermost set of template parameters for the partial
17393    specialization.  PAT2 is similar, but for the second template.
17394 
17395    Return 1 if the first partial specialization is more specialized;
17396    -1 if the second is more specialized; 0 if neither is more
17397    specialized.
17398 
17399    See [temp.class.order] for information about determining which of
17400    two templates is more specialized.  */
17401 
17402 static int
17403 more_specialized_class (tree pat1, tree pat2)
17404 {
17405   tree targs;
17406   tree tmpl1, tmpl2;
17407   int winner = 0;
17408   bool any_deductions = false;
17409 
17410   tmpl1 = TREE_TYPE (pat1);
17411   tmpl2 = TREE_TYPE (pat2);
17412 
17413   /* Just like what happens for functions, if we are ordering between
17414      different class template specializations, we may encounter dependent
17415      types in the arguments, and we need our dependency check functions
17416      to behave correctly.  */
17417   ++processing_template_decl;
17418   targs = get_class_bindings (TREE_VALUE (pat1),
17419 			      CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (tmpl1),
17420 			      CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (tmpl2));
17421   if (targs)
17422     {
17423       --winner;
17424       any_deductions = true;
17425     }
17426 
17427   targs = get_class_bindings (TREE_VALUE (pat2),
17428 			      CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (tmpl2),
17429 			      CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (tmpl1));
17430   if (targs)
17431     {
17432       ++winner;
17433       any_deductions = true;
17434     }
17435   --processing_template_decl;
17436 
17437   /* In the case of a tie where at least one of the class templates
17438      has a parameter pack at the end, the template with the most
17439      non-packed parameters wins.  */
17440   if (winner == 0
17441       && any_deductions
17442       && (template_args_variadic_p (TREE_PURPOSE (pat1))
17443           || template_args_variadic_p (TREE_PURPOSE (pat2))))
17444     {
17445       tree args1 = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (TREE_PURPOSE (pat1));
17446       tree args2 = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (TREE_PURPOSE (pat2));
17447       int len1 = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args1);
17448       int len2 = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args2);
17449 
17450       /* We don't count the pack expansion at the end.  */
17451       if (template_args_variadic_p (TREE_PURPOSE (pat1)))
17452         --len1;
17453       if (template_args_variadic_p (TREE_PURPOSE (pat2)))
17454         --len2;
17455 
17456       if (len1 > len2)
17457         return 1;
17458       else if (len1 < len2)
17459         return -1;
17460     }
17461 
17462   return winner;
17463 }
17464 
17465 /* Return the template arguments that will produce the function signature
17466    DECL from the function template FN, with the explicit template
17467    arguments EXPLICIT_ARGS.  If CHECK_RETTYPE is true, the return type must
17468    also match.  Return NULL_TREE if no satisfactory arguments could be
17469    found.  */
17470 
17471 static tree
17472 get_bindings (tree fn, tree decl, tree explicit_args, bool check_rettype)
17473 {
17474   int ntparms = DECL_NTPARMS (fn);
17475   tree targs = make_tree_vec (ntparms);
17476   tree decl_type;
17477   tree decl_arg_types;
17478   tree *args;
17479   unsigned int nargs, ix;
17480   tree arg;
17481 
17482   /* Substitute the explicit template arguments into the type of DECL.
17483      The call to fn_type_unification will handle substitution into the
17484      FN.  */
17485   decl_type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
17486   if (explicit_args && uses_template_parms (decl_type))
17487     {
17488       tree tmpl;
17489       tree converted_args;
17490 
17491       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl))
17492 	tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
17493       else
17494 	/* We can get here for some invalid specializations.  */
17495 	return NULL_TREE;
17496 
17497       converted_args
17498 	= coerce_template_parms (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl),
17499 				 explicit_args, NULL_TREE,
17500 				 tf_none,
17501 				 /*require_all_args=*/false,
17502 				 /*use_default_args=*/false);
17503       if (converted_args == error_mark_node)
17504 	return NULL_TREE;
17505 
17506       decl_type = tsubst (decl_type, converted_args, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
17507       if (decl_type == error_mark_node)
17508 	return NULL_TREE;
17509     }
17510 
17511   /* Never do unification on the 'this' parameter.  */
17512   decl_arg_types = skip_artificial_parms_for (decl,
17513 					      TYPE_ARG_TYPES (decl_type));
17514 
17515   nargs = list_length (decl_arg_types);
17516   args = XALLOCAVEC (tree, nargs);
17517   for (arg = decl_arg_types, ix = 0;
17518        arg != NULL_TREE && arg != void_list_node;
17519        arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg), ++ix)
17520     args[ix] = TREE_VALUE (arg);
17521 
17522   if (fn_type_unification (fn, explicit_args, targs,
17523 			   args, ix,
17524 			   (check_rettype || DECL_CONV_FN_P (fn)
17525 			    ? TREE_TYPE (decl_type) : NULL_TREE),
17526 			   DEDUCE_EXACT, LOOKUP_NORMAL, /*explain_p=*/false))
17527     return NULL_TREE;
17528 
17529   return targs;
17530 }
17531 
17532 /* Return the innermost template arguments that, when applied to a
17533    template specialization whose innermost template parameters are
17534    TPARMS, and whose specialization arguments are SPEC_ARGS, yield the
17535    ARGS.
17536 
17537    For example, suppose we have:
17538 
17539      template <class T, class U> struct S {};
17540      template <class T> struct S<T*, int> {};
17541 
17542    Then, suppose we want to get `S<double*, int>'.  The TPARMS will be
17543    {T}, the SPEC_ARGS will be {T*, int} and the ARGS will be {double*,
17544    int}.  The resulting vector will be {double}, indicating that `T'
17545    is bound to `double'.  */
17546 
17547 static tree
17548 get_class_bindings (tree tparms, tree spec_args, tree args)
17549 {
17550   int i, ntparms = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (tparms);
17551   tree deduced_args;
17552   tree innermost_deduced_args;
17553 
17554   innermost_deduced_args = make_tree_vec (ntparms);
17555   if (TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (args))
17556     {
17557       deduced_args = copy_node (args);
17558       SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (deduced_args,
17559 			   TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (deduced_args),
17560 			   innermost_deduced_args);
17561     }
17562   else
17563     deduced_args = innermost_deduced_args;
17564 
17565   if (unify (tparms, deduced_args,
17566 	     INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (spec_args),
17567 	     INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (args),
17568 	     UNIFY_ALLOW_NONE, /*explain_p=*/false))
17569     return NULL_TREE;
17570 
17571   for (i =  0; i < ntparms; ++i)
17572     if (! TREE_VEC_ELT (innermost_deduced_args, i))
17573       return NULL_TREE;
17574 
17575   /* Verify that nondeduced template arguments agree with the type
17576      obtained from argument deduction.
17577 
17578      For example:
17579 
17580        struct A { typedef int X; };
17581        template <class T, class U> struct C {};
17582        template <class T> struct C<T, typename T::X> {};
17583 
17584      Then with the instantiation `C<A, int>', we can deduce that
17585      `T' is `A' but unify () does not check whether `typename T::X'
17586      is `int'.  */
17587   spec_args = tsubst (spec_args, deduced_args, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
17588   if (spec_args == error_mark_node
17589       /* We only need to check the innermost arguments; the other
17590 	 arguments will always agree.  */
17591       || !comp_template_args (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (spec_args),
17592 			      INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (args)))
17593     return NULL_TREE;
17594 
17595   /* Now that we have bindings for all of the template arguments,
17596      ensure that the arguments deduced for the template template
17597      parameters have compatible template parameter lists.  See the use
17598      of template_template_parm_bindings_ok_p in fn_type_unification
17599      for more information.  */
17600   if (!template_template_parm_bindings_ok_p (tparms, deduced_args))
17601     return NULL_TREE;
17602 
17603   return deduced_args;
17604 }
17605 
17606 /* TEMPLATES is a TREE_LIST.  Each TREE_VALUE is a TEMPLATE_DECL.
17607    Return the TREE_LIST node with the most specialized template, if
17608    any.  If there is no most specialized template, the error_mark_node
17609    is returned.
17610 
17611    Note that this function does not look at, or modify, the
17612    TREE_PURPOSE or TREE_TYPE of any of the nodes.  Since the node
17613    returned is one of the elements of INSTANTIATIONS, callers may
17614    store information in the TREE_PURPOSE or TREE_TYPE of the nodes,
17615    and retrieve it from the value returned.  */
17616 
17617 tree
17618 most_specialized_instantiation (tree templates)
17619 {
17620   tree fn, champ;
17621 
17622   ++processing_template_decl;
17623 
17624   champ = templates;
17625   for (fn = TREE_CHAIN (templates); fn; fn = TREE_CHAIN (fn))
17626     {
17627       int fate = 0;
17628 
17629       if (get_bindings (TREE_VALUE (champ),
17630 			DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (TREE_VALUE (fn)),
17631 			NULL_TREE, /*check_ret=*/true))
17632 	fate--;
17633 
17634       if (get_bindings (TREE_VALUE (fn),
17635 			DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (TREE_VALUE (champ)),
17636 			NULL_TREE, /*check_ret=*/true))
17637 	fate++;
17638 
17639       if (fate == -1)
17640 	champ = fn;
17641       else if (!fate)
17642 	{
17643 	  /* Equally specialized, move to next function.  If there
17644 	     is no next function, nothing's most specialized.  */
17645 	  fn = TREE_CHAIN (fn);
17646 	  champ = fn;
17647 	  if (!fn)
17648 	    break;
17649 	}
17650     }
17651 
17652   if (champ)
17653     /* Now verify that champ is better than everything earlier in the
17654        instantiation list.  */
17655     for (fn = templates; fn != champ; fn = TREE_CHAIN (fn))
17656       if (get_bindings (TREE_VALUE (champ),
17657 			DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (TREE_VALUE (fn)),
17658 			NULL_TREE, /*check_ret=*/true)
17659 	  || !get_bindings (TREE_VALUE (fn),
17660 			    DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (TREE_VALUE (champ)),
17661 			    NULL_TREE, /*check_ret=*/true))
17662 	{
17663 	  champ = NULL_TREE;
17664 	  break;
17665 	}
17666 
17667   processing_template_decl--;
17668 
17669   if (!champ)
17670     return error_mark_node;
17671 
17672   return champ;
17673 }
17674 
17675 /* If DECL is a specialization of some template, return the most
17676    general such template.  Otherwise, returns NULL_TREE.
17677 
17678    For example, given:
17679 
17680      template <class T> struct S { template <class U> void f(U); };
17681 
17682    if TMPL is `template <class U> void S<int>::f(U)' this will return
17683    the full template.  This function will not trace past partial
17684    specializations, however.  For example, given in addition:
17685 
17686      template <class T> struct S<T*> { template <class U> void f(U); };
17687 
17688    if TMPL is `template <class U> void S<int*>::f(U)' this will return
17689    `template <class T> template <class U> S<T*>::f(U)'.  */
17690 
17691 tree
17692 most_general_template (tree decl)
17693 {
17694   /* If DECL is a FUNCTION_DECL, find the TEMPLATE_DECL of which it is
17695      an immediate specialization.  */
17696   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
17697     {
17698       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)) {
17699 	decl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
17700 
17701 	/* The DECL_TI_TEMPLATE can be an IDENTIFIER_NODE for a
17702 	   template friend.  */
17703 	if (TREE_CODE (decl) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
17704 	  return NULL_TREE;
17705       } else
17706 	return NULL_TREE;
17707     }
17708 
17709   /* Look for more and more general templates.  */
17710   while (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl))
17711     {
17712       /* The DECL_TI_TEMPLATE can be an IDENTIFIER_NODE in some cases.
17713 	 (See cp-tree.h for details.)  */
17714       if (TREE_CODE (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl)) != TEMPLATE_DECL)
17715 	break;
17716 
17717       if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl))
17718 	  && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
17719 	break;
17720 
17721       /* Stop if we run into an explicitly specialized class template.  */
17722       if (!DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (decl)
17723 	  && DECL_CONTEXT (decl)
17724 	  && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (DECL_CONTEXT (decl)))
17725 	break;
17726 
17727       decl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
17728     }
17729 
17730   return decl;
17731 }
17732 
17733 /* Return the most specialized of the class template partial
17734    specializations of TMPL which can produce TYPE, a specialization of
17735    TMPL.  The value returned is actually a TREE_LIST; the TREE_TYPE is
17736    a _TYPE node corresponding to the partial specialization, while the
17737    TREE_PURPOSE is the set of template arguments that must be
17738    substituted into the TREE_TYPE in order to generate TYPE.
17739 
17740    If the choice of partial specialization is ambiguous, a diagnostic
17741    is issued, and the error_mark_node is returned.  If there are no
17742    partial specializations of TMPL matching TYPE, then NULL_TREE is
17743    returned.  */
17744 
17745 static tree
17746 most_specialized_class (tree type, tree tmpl, tsubst_flags_t complain)
17747 {
17748   tree list = NULL_TREE;
17749   tree t;
17750   tree champ;
17751   int fate;
17752   bool ambiguous_p;
17753   tree args;
17754   tree outer_args = NULL_TREE;
17755 
17756   tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
17757   args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type);
17758 
17759   /* For determining which partial specialization to use, only the
17760      innermost args are interesting.  */
17761   if (TMPL_ARGS_HAVE_MULTIPLE_LEVELS (args))
17762     {
17763       outer_args = strip_innermost_template_args (args, 1);
17764       args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (args);
17765     }
17766 
17767   for (t = DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (tmpl); t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
17768     {
17769       tree partial_spec_args;
17770       tree spec_args;
17771       tree parms = TREE_VALUE (t);
17772 
17773       partial_spec_args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (t));
17774 
17775       ++processing_template_decl;
17776 
17777       if (outer_args)
17778 	{
17779 	  int i;
17780 
17781 	  /* Discard the outer levels of args, and then substitute in the
17782 	     template args from the enclosing class.  */
17783 	  partial_spec_args = INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (partial_spec_args);
17784 	  partial_spec_args = tsubst_template_args
17785 	    (partial_spec_args, outer_args, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
17786 
17787 	  /* PARMS already refers to just the innermost parms, but the
17788 	     template parms in partial_spec_args had their levels lowered
17789 	     by tsubst, so we need to do the same for the parm list.  We
17790 	     can't just tsubst the TREE_VEC itself, as tsubst wants to
17791 	     treat a TREE_VEC as an argument vector.  */
17792 	  parms = copy_node (parms);
17793 	  for (i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (parms) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
17794 	    TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i) =
17795 	      tsubst (TREE_VEC_ELT (parms, i), outer_args, tf_none, NULL_TREE);
17796 
17797 	}
17798 
17799       partial_spec_args =
17800 	  coerce_template_parms (DECL_INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl),
17801 				 add_to_template_args (outer_args,
17802 						       partial_spec_args),
17803 				 tmpl, tf_none,
17804 				 /*require_all_args=*/true,
17805 				 /*use_default_args=*/true);
17806 
17807       --processing_template_decl;
17808 
17809       if (partial_spec_args == error_mark_node)
17810 	return error_mark_node;
17811 
17812       spec_args = get_class_bindings (parms,
17813 				      partial_spec_args,
17814 				      args);
17815       if (spec_args)
17816 	{
17817 	  if (outer_args)
17818 	    spec_args = add_to_template_args (outer_args, spec_args);
17819 	  list = tree_cons (spec_args, TREE_VALUE (t), list);
17820 	  TREE_TYPE (list) = TREE_TYPE (t);
17821 	}
17822     }
17823 
17824   if (! list)
17825     return NULL_TREE;
17826 
17827   ambiguous_p = false;
17828   t = list;
17829   champ = t;
17830   t = TREE_CHAIN (t);
17831   for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
17832     {
17833       fate = more_specialized_class (champ, t);
17834       if (fate == 1)
17835 	;
17836       else
17837 	{
17838 	  if (fate == 0)
17839 	    {
17840 	      t = TREE_CHAIN (t);
17841 	      if (! t)
17842 		{
17843 		  ambiguous_p = true;
17844 		  break;
17845 		}
17846 	    }
17847 	  champ = t;
17848 	}
17849     }
17850 
17851   if (!ambiguous_p)
17852     for (t = list; t && t != champ; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
17853       {
17854 	fate = more_specialized_class (champ, t);
17855 	if (fate != 1)
17856 	  {
17857 	    ambiguous_p = true;
17858 	    break;
17859 	  }
17860       }
17861 
17862   if (ambiguous_p)
17863     {
17864       const char *str;
17865       char *spaces = NULL;
17866       if (!(complain & tf_error))
17867 	return error_mark_node;
17868       error ("ambiguous class template instantiation for %q#T", type);
17869       str = ngettext ("candidate is:", "candidates are:", list_length (list));
17870       for (t = list; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
17871         {
17872           error ("%s %+#T", spaces ? spaces : str, TREE_TYPE (t));
17873           spaces = spaces ? spaces : get_spaces (str);
17874         }
17875       free (spaces);
17876       return error_mark_node;
17877     }
17878 
17879   return champ;
17880 }
17881 
17882 /* Explicitly instantiate DECL.  */
17883 
17884 void
17885 do_decl_instantiation (tree decl, tree storage)
17886 {
17887   tree result = NULL_TREE;
17888   int extern_p = 0;
17889 
17890   if (!decl || decl == error_mark_node)
17891     /* An error occurred, for which grokdeclarator has already issued
17892        an appropriate message.  */
17893     return;
17894   else if (! DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
17895     {
17896       error ("explicit instantiation of non-template %q#D", decl);
17897       return;
17898     }
17899   else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
17900     {
17901       /* There is an asymmetry here in the way VAR_DECLs and
17902 	 FUNCTION_DECLs are handled by grokdeclarator.  In the case of
17903 	 the latter, the DECL we get back will be marked as a
17904 	 template instantiation, and the appropriate
17905 	 DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO will be set up.  This does not happen for
17906 	 VAR_DECLs so we do the lookup here.  Probably, grokdeclarator
17907 	 should handle VAR_DECLs as it currently handles
17908 	 FUNCTION_DECLs.  */
17909       if (!DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (decl))
17910 	{
17911 	  error ("%qD is not a static data member of a class template", decl);
17912 	  return;
17913 	}
17914       result = lookup_field (DECL_CONTEXT (decl), DECL_NAME (decl), 0, false);
17915       if (!result || TREE_CODE (result) != VAR_DECL)
17916 	{
17917 	  error ("no matching template for %qD found", decl);
17918 	  return;
17919 	}
17920       if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (result), TREE_TYPE (decl)))
17921 	{
17922 	  error ("type %qT for explicit instantiation %qD does not match "
17923 		 "declared type %qT", TREE_TYPE (result), decl,
17924 		 TREE_TYPE (decl));
17925 	  return;
17926 	}
17927     }
17928   else if (TREE_CODE (decl) != FUNCTION_DECL)
17929     {
17930       error ("explicit instantiation of %q#D", decl);
17931       return;
17932     }
17933   else
17934     result = decl;
17935 
17936   /* Check for various error cases.  Note that if the explicit
17937      instantiation is valid the RESULT will currently be marked as an
17938      *implicit* instantiation; DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION is not set
17939      until we get here.  */
17940 
17941   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (result))
17942     {
17943       /* DR 259 [temp.spec].
17944 
17945 	 Both an explicit instantiation and a declaration of an explicit
17946 	 specialization shall not appear in a program unless the explicit
17947 	 instantiation follows a declaration of the explicit specialization.
17948 
17949 	 For a given set of template parameters, if an explicit
17950 	 instantiation of a template appears after a declaration of an
17951 	 explicit specialization for that template, the explicit
17952 	 instantiation has no effect.  */
17953       return;
17954     }
17955   else if (DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (result))
17956     {
17957       /* [temp.spec]
17958 
17959 	 No program shall explicitly instantiate any template more
17960 	 than once.
17961 
17962 	 We check DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN so as not to complain when
17963 	 the first instantiation was `extern' and the second is not,
17964 	 and EXTERN_P for the opposite case.  */
17965       if (DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (result) && !extern_p)
17966 	permerror (input_location, "duplicate explicit instantiation of %q#D", result);
17967       /* If an "extern" explicit instantiation follows an ordinary
17968 	 explicit instantiation, the template is instantiated.  */
17969       if (extern_p)
17970 	return;
17971     }
17972   else if (!DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (result))
17973     {
17974       error ("no matching template for %qD found", result);
17975       return;
17976     }
17977   else if (!DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (result))
17978     {
17979       permerror (input_location, "explicit instantiation of non-template %q#D", result);
17980       return;
17981     }
17982 
17983   if (storage == NULL_TREE)
17984     ;
17985   else if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
17986     {
17987       if (!in_system_header && (cxx_dialect == cxx98))
17988 	pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
17989 		 "ISO C++ 1998 forbids the use of %<extern%> on explicit "
17990 		 "instantiations");
17991       extern_p = 1;
17992     }
17993   else
17994     error ("storage class %qD applied to template instantiation", storage);
17995 
17996   check_explicit_instantiation_namespace (result);
17997   mark_decl_instantiated (result, extern_p);
17998   if (! extern_p)
17999     instantiate_decl (result, /*defer_ok=*/1,
18000 		      /*expl_inst_class_mem_p=*/false);
18001 }
18002 
18003 static void
18004 mark_class_instantiated (tree t, int extern_p)
18005 {
18006   SET_CLASSTYPE_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (t);
18007   SET_CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (t);
18008   CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (t) = extern_p;
18009   TYPE_DECL_SUPPRESS_DEBUG (TYPE_NAME (t)) = extern_p;
18010   if (! extern_p)
18011     {
18012       CLASSTYPE_DEBUG_REQUESTED (t) = 1;
18013       rest_of_type_compilation (t, 1);
18014     }
18015 }
18016 
18017 /* Called from do_type_instantiation through binding_table_foreach to
18018    do recursive instantiation for the type bound in ENTRY.  */
18019 static void
18020 bt_instantiate_type_proc (binding_entry entry, void *data)
18021 {
18022   tree storage = *(tree *) data;
18023 
18024   if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (entry->type)
18025       && !uses_template_parms (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (entry->type)))
18026     do_type_instantiation (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (entry->type), storage, 0);
18027 }
18028 
18029 /* Called from do_type_instantiation to instantiate a member
18030    (a member function or a static member variable) of an
18031    explicitly instantiated class template.  */
18032 static void
18033 instantiate_class_member (tree decl, int extern_p)
18034 {
18035   mark_decl_instantiated (decl, extern_p);
18036   if (! extern_p)
18037     instantiate_decl (decl, /*defer_ok=*/1,
18038 		      /*expl_inst_class_mem_p=*/true);
18039 }
18040 
18041 /* Perform an explicit instantiation of template class T.  STORAGE, if
18042    non-null, is the RID for extern, inline or static.  COMPLAIN is
18043    nonzero if this is called from the parser, zero if called recursively,
18044    since the standard is unclear (as detailed below).  */
18045 
18046 void
18047 do_type_instantiation (tree t, tree storage, tsubst_flags_t complain)
18048 {
18049   int extern_p = 0;
18050   int nomem_p = 0;
18051   int static_p = 0;
18052   int previous_instantiation_extern_p = 0;
18053 
18054   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TYPE_DECL)
18055     t = TREE_TYPE (t);
18056 
18057   if (! CLASS_TYPE_P (t) || ! CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t))
18058     {
18059       tree tmpl =
18060 	(TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t)) ? TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t) : NULL;
18061       if (tmpl)
18062 	error ("explicit instantiation of non-class template %qD", tmpl);
18063       else
18064 	error ("explicit instantiation of non-template type %qT", t);
18065       return;
18066     }
18067 
18068   complete_type (t);
18069 
18070   if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (t))
18071     {
18072       if (complain & tf_error)
18073 	error ("explicit instantiation of %q#T before definition of template",
18074 	       t);
18075       return;
18076     }
18077 
18078   if (storage != NULL_TREE)
18079     {
18080       if (!in_system_header)
18081 	{
18082 	  if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
18083 	    {
18084 	      if (cxx_dialect == cxx98)
18085 		pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
18086 			 "ISO C++ 1998 forbids the use of %<extern%> on "
18087 			 "explicit instantiations");
18088 	    }
18089 	  else
18090 	    pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
18091 		     "ISO C++ forbids the use of %qE"
18092 		     " on explicit instantiations", storage);
18093 	}
18094 
18095       if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_INLINE])
18096 	nomem_p = 1;
18097       else if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
18098 	extern_p = 1;
18099       else if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_STATIC])
18100 	static_p = 1;
18101       else
18102 	{
18103 	  error ("storage class %qD applied to template instantiation",
18104 		 storage);
18105 	  extern_p = 0;
18106 	}
18107     }
18108 
18109   if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (t))
18110     {
18111       /* DR 259 [temp.spec].
18112 
18113 	 Both an explicit instantiation and a declaration of an explicit
18114 	 specialization shall not appear in a program unless the explicit
18115 	 instantiation follows a declaration of the explicit specialization.
18116 
18117 	 For a given set of template parameters, if an explicit
18118 	 instantiation of a template appears after a declaration of an
18119 	 explicit specialization for that template, the explicit
18120 	 instantiation has no effect.  */
18121       return;
18122     }
18123   else if (CLASSTYPE_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (t))
18124     {
18125       /* [temp.spec]
18126 
18127 	 No program shall explicitly instantiate any template more
18128 	 than once.
18129 
18130 	 If PREVIOUS_INSTANTIATION_EXTERN_P, then the first explicit
18131 	 instantiation was `extern'.  If EXTERN_P then the second is.
18132 	 These cases are OK.  */
18133       previous_instantiation_extern_p = CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (t);
18134 
18135       if (!previous_instantiation_extern_p && !extern_p
18136 	  && (complain & tf_error))
18137 	permerror (input_location, "duplicate explicit instantiation of %q#T", t);
18138 
18139       /* If we've already instantiated the template, just return now.  */
18140       if (!CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (t))
18141 	return;
18142     }
18143 
18144   check_explicit_instantiation_namespace (TYPE_NAME (t));
18145   mark_class_instantiated (t, extern_p);
18146 
18147   if (nomem_p)
18148     return;
18149 
18150   {
18151     tree tmp;
18152 
18153     /* In contrast to implicit instantiation, where only the
18154        declarations, and not the definitions, of members are
18155        instantiated, we have here:
18156 
18157 	 [temp.explicit]
18158 
18159 	 The explicit instantiation of a class template specialization
18160 	 implies the instantiation of all of its members not
18161 	 previously explicitly specialized in the translation unit
18162 	 containing the explicit instantiation.
18163 
18164        Of course, we can't instantiate member template classes, since
18165        we don't have any arguments for them.  Note that the standard
18166        is unclear on whether the instantiation of the members are
18167        *explicit* instantiations or not.  However, the most natural
18168        interpretation is that it should be an explicit instantiation.  */
18169 
18170     if (! static_p)
18171       for (tmp = TYPE_METHODS (t); tmp; tmp = DECL_CHAIN (tmp))
18172 	if (TREE_CODE (tmp) == FUNCTION_DECL
18173 	    && DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (tmp))
18174 	  instantiate_class_member (tmp, extern_p);
18175 
18176     for (tmp = TYPE_FIELDS (t); tmp; tmp = DECL_CHAIN (tmp))
18177       if (TREE_CODE (tmp) == VAR_DECL && DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (tmp))
18178 	instantiate_class_member (tmp, extern_p);
18179 
18180     if (CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS (t))
18181       binding_table_foreach (CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS (t),
18182 			     bt_instantiate_type_proc, &storage);
18183   }
18184 }
18185 
18186 /* Given a function DECL, which is a specialization of TMPL, modify
18187    DECL to be a re-instantiation of TMPL with the same template
18188    arguments.  TMPL should be the template into which tsubst'ing
18189    should occur for DECL, not the most general template.
18190 
18191    One reason for doing this is a scenario like this:
18192 
18193      template <class T>
18194      void f(const T&, int i);
18195 
18196      void g() { f(3, 7); }
18197 
18198      template <class T>
18199      void f(const T& t, const int i) { }
18200 
18201    Note that when the template is first instantiated, with
18202    instantiate_template, the resulting DECL will have no name for the
18203    first parameter, and the wrong type for the second.  So, when we go
18204    to instantiate the DECL, we regenerate it.  */
18205 
18206 static void
18207 regenerate_decl_from_template (tree decl, tree tmpl)
18208 {
18209   /* The arguments used to instantiate DECL, from the most general
18210      template.  */
18211   tree args;
18212   tree code_pattern;
18213 
18214   args = DECL_TI_ARGS (decl);
18215   code_pattern = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);
18216 
18217   /* Make sure that we can see identifiers, and compute access
18218      correctly.  */
18219   push_access_scope (decl);
18220 
18221   if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18222     {
18223       tree decl_parm;
18224       tree pattern_parm;
18225       tree specs;
18226       int args_depth;
18227       int parms_depth;
18228 
18229       args_depth = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
18230       parms_depth = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl));
18231       if (args_depth > parms_depth)
18232 	args = get_innermost_template_args (args, parms_depth);
18233 
18234       specs = tsubst_exception_specification (TREE_TYPE (code_pattern),
18235 					      args, tf_error, NULL_TREE,
18236 					      /*defer_ok*/false);
18237       if (specs && specs != error_mark_node)
18238 	TREE_TYPE (decl) = build_exception_variant (TREE_TYPE (decl),
18239 						    specs);
18240 
18241       /* Merge parameter declarations.  */
18242       decl_parm = skip_artificial_parms_for (decl,
18243 					     DECL_ARGUMENTS (decl));
18244       pattern_parm
18245 	= skip_artificial_parms_for (code_pattern,
18246 				     DECL_ARGUMENTS (code_pattern));
18247       while (decl_parm && !FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (pattern_parm))
18248 	{
18249 	  tree parm_type;
18250 	  tree attributes;
18251 
18252 	  if (DECL_NAME (decl_parm) != DECL_NAME (pattern_parm))
18253 	    DECL_NAME (decl_parm) = DECL_NAME (pattern_parm);
18254 	  parm_type = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (pattern_parm), args, tf_error,
18255 			      NULL_TREE);
18256 	  parm_type = type_decays_to (parm_type);
18257 	  if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl_parm), parm_type))
18258 	    TREE_TYPE (decl_parm) = parm_type;
18259 	  attributes = DECL_ATTRIBUTES (pattern_parm);
18260 	  if (DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl_parm) != attributes)
18261 	    {
18262 	      DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl_parm) = attributes;
18263 	      cplus_decl_attributes (&decl_parm, attributes, /*flags=*/0);
18264 	    }
18265 	  decl_parm = DECL_CHAIN (decl_parm);
18266 	  pattern_parm = DECL_CHAIN (pattern_parm);
18267 	}
18268       /* Merge any parameters that match with the function parameter
18269          pack.  */
18270       if (pattern_parm && FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (pattern_parm))
18271         {
18272           int i, len;
18273           tree expanded_types;
18274           /* Expand the TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION that provides the types for
18275              the parameters in this function parameter pack.  */
18276           expanded_types = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_TYPE (pattern_parm),
18277                                                  args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
18278           len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_types);
18279           for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
18280             {
18281               tree parm_type;
18282               tree attributes;
18283 
18284               if (DECL_NAME (decl_parm) != DECL_NAME (pattern_parm))
18285                 /* Rename the parameter to include the index.  */
18286                 DECL_NAME (decl_parm) =
18287                   make_ith_pack_parameter_name (DECL_NAME (pattern_parm), i);
18288               parm_type = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_types, i);
18289               parm_type = type_decays_to (parm_type);
18290               if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl_parm), parm_type))
18291                 TREE_TYPE (decl_parm) = parm_type;
18292               attributes = DECL_ATTRIBUTES (pattern_parm);
18293               if (DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl_parm) != attributes)
18294                 {
18295                   DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl_parm) = attributes;
18296                   cplus_decl_attributes (&decl_parm, attributes, /*flags=*/0);
18297                 }
18298               decl_parm = DECL_CHAIN (decl_parm);
18299             }
18300         }
18301       /* Merge additional specifiers from the CODE_PATTERN.  */
18302       if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (code_pattern)
18303 	  && !DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl))
18304 	DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl) = 1;
18305     }
18306   else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
18307     {
18308       DECL_INITIAL (decl) =
18309 	tsubst_expr (DECL_INITIAL (code_pattern), args,
18310 		     tf_error, DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl),
18311 		     /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
18312       if (VAR_HAD_UNKNOWN_BOUND (decl))
18313 	TREE_TYPE (decl) = tsubst (TREE_TYPE (code_pattern), args,
18314 				   tf_error, DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
18315     }
18316   else
18317     gcc_unreachable ();
18318 
18319   pop_access_scope (decl);
18320 }
18321 
18322 /* Return the TEMPLATE_DECL into which DECL_TI_ARGS(DECL) should be
18323    substituted to get DECL.  */
18324 
18325 tree
18326 template_for_substitution (tree decl)
18327 {
18328   tree tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl);
18329 
18330   /* Set TMPL to the template whose DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT is the pattern
18331      for the instantiation.  This is not always the most general
18332      template.  Consider, for example:
18333 
18334 	template <class T>
18335 	struct S { template <class U> void f();
18336 		   template <> void f<int>(); };
18337 
18338      and an instantiation of S<double>::f<int>.  We want TD to be the
18339      specialization S<T>::f<int>, not the more general S<T>::f<U>.  */
18340   while (/* An instantiation cannot have a definition, so we need a
18341 	    more general template.  */
18342 	 DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (tmpl)
18343 	   /* We must also deal with friend templates.  Given:
18344 
18345 		template <class T> struct S {
18346 		  template <class U> friend void f() {};
18347 		};
18348 
18349 	      S<int>::f<U> say, is not an instantiation of S<T>::f<U>,
18350 	      so far as the language is concerned, but that's still
18351 	      where we get the pattern for the instantiation from.  On
18352 	      other hand, if the definition comes outside the class, say:
18353 
18354 		template <class T> struct S {
18355 		  template <class U> friend void f();
18356 		};
18357 		template <class U> friend void f() {}
18358 
18359 	      we don't need to look any further.  That's what the check for
18360 	      DECL_INITIAL is for.  */
18361 	  || (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
18362 	      && DECL_FRIEND_PSEUDO_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (tmpl)
18363 	      && !DECL_INITIAL (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl))))
18364     {
18365       /* The present template, TD, should not be a definition.  If it
18366 	 were a definition, we should be using it!  Note that we
18367 	 cannot restructure the loop to just keep going until we find
18368 	 a template with a definition, since that might go too far if
18369 	 a specialization was declared, but not defined.  */
18370       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (decl) != VAR_DECL
18371 		  || DECL_IN_AGGR_P (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl)));
18372 
18373       /* Fetch the more general template.  */
18374       tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (tmpl);
18375     }
18376 
18377   return tmpl;
18378 }
18379 
18380 /* Returns true if we need to instantiate this template instance even if we
18381    know we aren't going to emit it..  */
18382 
18383 bool
18384 always_instantiate_p (tree decl)
18385 {
18386   /* We always instantiate inline functions so that we can inline them.  An
18387      explicit instantiation declaration prohibits implicit instantiation of
18388      non-inline functions.  With high levels of optimization, we would
18389      normally inline non-inline functions -- but we're not allowed to do
18390      that for "extern template" functions.  Therefore, we check
18391      DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P, rather than possibly_inlined_p.  */
18392   return ((TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
18393 	   && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl))
18394 	  /* And we need to instantiate static data members so that
18395 	     their initializers are available in integral constant
18396 	     expressions.  */
18397 	  || (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
18398 	      && decl_maybe_constant_var_p (decl)));
18399 }
18400 
18401 /* If FN has a noexcept-specifier that hasn't been instantiated yet,
18402    instantiate it now, modifying TREE_TYPE (fn).  */
18403 
18404 void
18405 maybe_instantiate_noexcept (tree fn)
18406 {
18407   tree fntype, spec, noex, clone;
18408 
18409   if (DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (fn))
18410     fn = DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION (fn);
18411   fntype = TREE_TYPE (fn);
18412   spec = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (fntype);
18413 
18414   if (!DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_SPEC_P (spec))
18415     return;
18416 
18417   noex = TREE_PURPOSE (spec);
18418 
18419   if (TREE_CODE (noex) == DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT)
18420     {
18421       if (push_tinst_level (fn))
18422 	{
18423 	  push_access_scope (fn);
18424 	  input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn);
18425 	  noex = tsubst_copy_and_build (DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_PATTERN (noex),
18426 					DEFERRED_NOEXCEPT_ARGS (noex),
18427 					tf_warning_or_error, fn,
18428 					/*function_p=*/false,
18429 					/*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
18430 	  pop_access_scope (fn);
18431 	  pop_tinst_level ();
18432 	  spec = build_noexcept_spec (noex, tf_warning_or_error);
18433 	  if (spec == error_mark_node)
18434 	    spec = noexcept_false_spec;
18435 	}
18436       else
18437 	spec = noexcept_false_spec;
18438     }
18439   else
18440     {
18441       /* This is an implicitly declared function, so NOEX is a list of
18442 	 other functions to evaluate and merge.  */
18443       tree elt;
18444       spec = noexcept_true_spec;
18445       for (elt = noex; elt; elt = OVL_NEXT (elt))
18446 	{
18447 	  tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (elt);
18448 	  tree subspec;
18449 	  maybe_instantiate_noexcept (fn);
18450 	  subspec = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn));
18451 	  spec = merge_exception_specifiers (spec, subspec, NULL_TREE);
18452 	}
18453     }
18454 
18455   TREE_TYPE (fn) = build_exception_variant (fntype, spec);
18456 
18457   FOR_EACH_CLONE (clone, fn)
18458     {
18459       if (TREE_TYPE (clone) == fntype)
18460 	TREE_TYPE (clone) = TREE_TYPE (fn);
18461       else
18462 	TREE_TYPE (clone) = build_exception_variant (TREE_TYPE (clone), spec);
18463     }
18464 }
18465 
18466 /* Produce the definition of D, a _DECL generated from a template.  If
18467    DEFER_OK is nonzero, then we don't have to actually do the
18468    instantiation now; we just have to do it sometime.  Normally it is
18469    an error if this is an explicit instantiation but D is undefined.
18470    EXPL_INST_CLASS_MEM_P is true iff D is a member of an
18471    explicitly instantiated class template.  */
18472 
18473 tree
18474 instantiate_decl (tree d, int defer_ok,
18475 		  bool expl_inst_class_mem_p)
18476 {
18477   tree tmpl = DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (d);
18478   tree gen_args;
18479   tree args;
18480   tree td;
18481   tree code_pattern;
18482   tree spec;
18483   tree gen_tmpl;
18484   bool pattern_defined;
18485   location_t saved_loc = input_location;
18486   bool external_p;
18487   tree fn_context;
18488   bool nested;
18489 
18490   /* This function should only be used to instantiate templates for
18491      functions and static member variables.  */
18492   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL
18493 	      || TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL);
18494 
18495   /* Variables are never deferred; if instantiation is required, they
18496      are instantiated right away.  That allows for better code in the
18497      case that an expression refers to the value of the variable --
18498      if the variable has a constant value the referring expression can
18499      take advantage of that fact.  */
18500   if (TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL
18501       || DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (d))
18502     defer_ok = 0;
18503 
18504   /* Don't instantiate cloned functions.  Instead, instantiate the
18505      functions they cloned.  */
18506   if (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (d))
18507     d = DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION (d);
18508 
18509   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (d)
18510       || (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL
18511 	  && DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (d) && DECL_INITIAL (d))
18512       || DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (d))
18513     /* D has already been instantiated or explicitly specialized, so
18514        there's nothing for us to do here.
18515 
18516        It might seem reasonable to check whether or not D is an explicit
18517        instantiation, and, if so, stop here.  But when an explicit
18518        instantiation is deferred until the end of the compilation,
18519        DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION is set, even though we still need to do
18520        the instantiation.  */
18521     return d;
18522 
18523   /* Check to see whether we know that this template will be
18524      instantiated in some other file, as with "extern template"
18525      extension.  */
18526   external_p = (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (d) && DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (d));
18527 
18528   /* In general, we do not instantiate such templates.  */
18529   if (external_p && !always_instantiate_p (d))
18530     return d;
18531 
18532   gen_tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
18533   gen_args = DECL_TI_ARGS (d);
18534 
18535   if (tmpl != gen_tmpl)
18536     /* We should already have the extra args.  */
18537     gcc_assert (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (gen_tmpl))
18538 		== TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (gen_args));
18539   /* And what's in the hash table should match D.  */
18540   gcc_assert ((spec = retrieve_specialization (gen_tmpl, gen_args, 0)) == d
18541 	      || spec == NULL_TREE);
18542 
18543   /* This needs to happen before any tsubsting.  */
18544   if (! push_tinst_level (d))
18545     return d;
18546 
18547   timevar_push (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
18548 
18549   /* Set TD to the template whose DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT is the pattern
18550      for the instantiation.  */
18551   td = template_for_substitution (d);
18552   code_pattern = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (td);
18553 
18554   /* We should never be trying to instantiate a member of a class
18555      template or partial specialization.  */
18556   gcc_assert (d != code_pattern);
18557 
18558   if ((DECL_NAMESPACE_SCOPE_P (d) && !DECL_INITIALIZED_IN_CLASS_P (d))
18559       || DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (td))
18560     /* In the case of a friend template whose definition is provided
18561        outside the class, we may have too many arguments.  Drop the
18562        ones we don't need.  The same is true for specializations.  */
18563     args = get_innermost_template_args
18564       (gen_args, TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH  (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (td)));
18565   else
18566     args = gen_args;
18567 
18568   if (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18569     pattern_defined = (DECL_SAVED_TREE (code_pattern) != NULL_TREE
18570 		       || DECL_DEFAULTED_OUTSIDE_CLASS_P (code_pattern));
18571   else
18572     pattern_defined = ! DECL_IN_AGGR_P (code_pattern);
18573 
18574   /* We may be in the middle of deferred access check.  Disable it now.  */
18575   push_deferring_access_checks (dk_no_deferred);
18576 
18577   /* Unless an explicit instantiation directive has already determined
18578      the linkage of D, remember that a definition is available for
18579      this entity.  */
18580   if (pattern_defined
18581       && !DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (d)
18582       && !DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (d))
18583     mark_definable (d);
18584 
18585   DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (td) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (code_pattern);
18586   DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (d) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (code_pattern);
18587   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (d);
18588 
18589   /* If D is a member of an explicitly instantiated class template,
18590      and no definition is available, treat it like an implicit
18591      instantiation.  */
18592   if (!pattern_defined && expl_inst_class_mem_p
18593       && DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (d))
18594     {
18595       /* Leave linkage flags alone on instantiations with anonymous
18596 	 visibility.  */
18597       if (TREE_PUBLIC (d))
18598 	{
18599 	  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (d) = 0;
18600 	  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (d) = 0;
18601 	}
18602       SET_DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (d);
18603     }
18604 
18605   if (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18606     maybe_instantiate_noexcept (d);
18607 
18608   /* Recheck the substitutions to obtain any warning messages
18609      about ignoring cv qualifiers.  Don't do this for artificial decls,
18610      as it breaks the context-sensitive substitution for lambda op(). */
18611   if (!defer_ok && !DECL_ARTIFICIAL (d))
18612     {
18613       tree gen = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (gen_tmpl);
18614       tree type = TREE_TYPE (gen);
18615 
18616       /* Make sure that we can see identifiers, and compute access
18617 	 correctly.  D is already the target FUNCTION_DECL with the
18618 	 right context.  */
18619       push_access_scope (d);
18620 
18621       if (TREE_CODE (gen) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18622 	{
18623 	  tsubst (DECL_ARGUMENTS (gen), gen_args, tf_warning_or_error, d);
18624           tsubst_exception_specification (type, gen_args, tf_warning_or_error,
18625                                           d, /*defer_ok*/true);
18626 	  /* Don't simply tsubst the function type, as that will give
18627 	     duplicate warnings about poor parameter qualifications.
18628 	     The function arguments are the same as the decl_arguments
18629 	     without the top level cv qualifiers.  */
18630 	  type = TREE_TYPE (type);
18631 	}
18632       tsubst (type, gen_args, tf_warning_or_error, d);
18633 
18634       pop_access_scope (d);
18635     }
18636 
18637   /* Defer all other templates, unless we have been explicitly
18638      forbidden from doing so.  */
18639   if (/* If there is no definition, we cannot instantiate the
18640 	 template.  */
18641       ! pattern_defined
18642       /* If it's OK to postpone instantiation, do so.  */
18643       || defer_ok
18644       /* If this is a static data member that will be defined
18645 	 elsewhere, we don't want to instantiate the entire data
18646 	 member, but we do want to instantiate the initializer so that
18647 	 we can substitute that elsewhere.  */
18648       || (external_p && TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL))
18649     {
18650       /* The definition of the static data member is now required so
18651 	 we must substitute the initializer.  */
18652       if (TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL
18653 	  && !DECL_INITIAL (d)
18654 	  && DECL_INITIAL (code_pattern))
18655 	{
18656 	  tree ns;
18657 	  tree init;
18658 	  bool const_init = false;
18659 
18660 	  ns = decl_namespace_context (d);
18661 	  push_nested_namespace (ns);
18662 	  push_nested_class (DECL_CONTEXT (d));
18663 	  init = tsubst_expr (DECL_INITIAL (code_pattern),
18664 			      args,
18665 			      tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
18666 			      /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
18667 	  /* Make sure the initializer is still constant, in case of
18668 	     circular dependency (template/instantiate6.C). */
18669 	  const_init
18670 	    = DECL_INITIALIZED_BY_CONSTANT_EXPRESSION_P (code_pattern);
18671 	  cp_finish_decl (d, init, /*init_const_expr_p=*/const_init,
18672 			  /*asmspec_tree=*/NULL_TREE,
18673 			  LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING);
18674 	  pop_nested_class ();
18675 	  pop_nested_namespace (ns);
18676 	}
18677 
18678       /* We restore the source position here because it's used by
18679 	 add_pending_template.  */
18680       input_location = saved_loc;
18681 
18682       if (at_eof && !pattern_defined
18683 	  && DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (d)
18684 	  && DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (d))
18685 	/* [temp.explicit]
18686 
18687 	   The definition of a non-exported function template, a
18688 	   non-exported member function template, or a non-exported
18689 	   member function or static data member of a class template
18690 	   shall be present in every translation unit in which it is
18691 	   explicitly instantiated.  */
18692 	permerror (input_location,  "explicit instantiation of %qD "
18693 		   "but no definition available", d);
18694 
18695       /* If we're in unevaluated context, we just wanted to get the
18696 	 constant value; this isn't an odr use, so don't queue
18697 	 a full instantiation.  */
18698       if (cp_unevaluated_operand != 0)
18699 	goto out;
18700       /* ??? Historically, we have instantiated inline functions, even
18701 	 when marked as "extern template".  */
18702       if (!(external_p && TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL))
18703 	add_pending_template (d);
18704       goto out;
18705     }
18706   /* Tell the repository that D is available in this translation unit
18707      -- and see if it is supposed to be instantiated here.  */
18708   if (TREE_PUBLIC (d) && !DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (d) && !repo_emit_p (d))
18709     {
18710       /* In a PCH file, despite the fact that the repository hasn't
18711 	 requested instantiation in the PCH it is still possible that
18712 	 an instantiation will be required in a file that includes the
18713 	 PCH.  */
18714       if (pch_file)
18715 	add_pending_template (d);
18716       /* Instantiate inline functions so that the inliner can do its
18717 	 job, even though we'll not be emitting a copy of this
18718 	 function.  */
18719       if (!(TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL && possibly_inlined_p (d)))
18720 	goto out;
18721     }
18722 
18723   fn_context = decl_function_context (d);
18724   nested = (current_function_decl != NULL_TREE);
18725   if (!fn_context)
18726     push_to_top_level ();
18727   else if (nested)
18728     push_function_context ();
18729 
18730   /* Mark D as instantiated so that recursive calls to
18731      instantiate_decl do not try to instantiate it again.  */
18732   DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (d) = 1;
18733 
18734   /* Regenerate the declaration in case the template has been modified
18735      by a subsequent redeclaration.  */
18736   regenerate_decl_from_template (d, td);
18737 
18738   /* We already set the file and line above.  Reset them now in case
18739      they changed as a result of calling regenerate_decl_from_template.  */
18740   input_location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (d);
18741 
18742   if (TREE_CODE (d) == VAR_DECL)
18743     {
18744       tree init;
18745       bool const_init = false;
18746 
18747       /* Clear out DECL_RTL; whatever was there before may not be right
18748 	 since we've reset the type of the declaration.  */
18749       SET_DECL_RTL (d, NULL);
18750       DECL_IN_AGGR_P (d) = 0;
18751 
18752       /* The initializer is placed in DECL_INITIAL by
18753 	 regenerate_decl_from_template so we don't need to
18754 	 push/pop_access_scope again here.  Pull it out so that
18755 	 cp_finish_decl can process it.  */
18756       init = DECL_INITIAL (d);
18757       DECL_INITIAL (d) = NULL_TREE;
18758       DECL_INITIALIZED_P (d) = 0;
18759 
18760       /* Clear DECL_EXTERNAL so that cp_finish_decl will process the
18761 	 initializer.  That function will defer actual emission until
18762 	 we have a chance to determine linkage.  */
18763       DECL_EXTERNAL (d) = 0;
18764 
18765       /* Enter the scope of D so that access-checking works correctly.  */
18766       push_nested_class (DECL_CONTEXT (d));
18767       const_init = DECL_INITIALIZED_BY_CONSTANT_EXPRESSION_P (code_pattern);
18768       cp_finish_decl (d, init, const_init, NULL_TREE, 0);
18769       pop_nested_class ();
18770     }
18771   else if (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (code_pattern))
18772     synthesize_method (d);
18773   else if (TREE_CODE (d) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18774     {
18775       htab_t saved_local_specializations;
18776       tree subst_decl;
18777       tree tmpl_parm;
18778       tree spec_parm;
18779 
18780       /* Save away the current list, in case we are instantiating one
18781 	 template from within the body of another.  */
18782       saved_local_specializations = local_specializations;
18783 
18784       /* Set up the list of local specializations.  */
18785       local_specializations = htab_create (37,
18786 					   hash_local_specialization,
18787 					   eq_local_specializations,
18788 					   NULL);
18789 
18790       /* Set up context.  */
18791       start_preparsed_function (d, NULL_TREE, SF_PRE_PARSED);
18792 
18793       /* Create substitution entries for the parameters.  */
18794       subst_decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (template_for_substitution (d));
18795       tmpl_parm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (subst_decl);
18796       spec_parm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (d);
18797       if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (d))
18798 	{
18799 	  register_local_specialization (spec_parm, tmpl_parm);
18800 	  spec_parm = skip_artificial_parms_for (d, spec_parm);
18801 	  tmpl_parm = skip_artificial_parms_for (subst_decl, tmpl_parm);
18802 	}
18803       for (; tmpl_parm; tmpl_parm = DECL_CHAIN (tmpl_parm))
18804 	{
18805 	  if (!FUNCTION_PARAMETER_PACK_P (tmpl_parm))
18806 	    {
18807 	      register_local_specialization (spec_parm, tmpl_parm);
18808 	      spec_parm = DECL_CHAIN (spec_parm);
18809 	    }
18810 	  else
18811 	    {
18812 	      /* Register the (value) argument pack as a specialization of
18813 		 TMPL_PARM, then move on.  */
18814 	      tree argpack = extract_fnparm_pack (tmpl_parm, &spec_parm);
18815 	      register_local_specialization (argpack, tmpl_parm);
18816 	    }
18817 	}
18818       gcc_assert (!spec_parm);
18819 
18820       /* Substitute into the body of the function.  */
18821       tsubst_expr (DECL_SAVED_TREE (code_pattern), args,
18822 		   tf_warning_or_error, tmpl,
18823 		   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
18824 
18825       /* Set the current input_location to the end of the function
18826          so that finish_function knows where we are.  */
18827       input_location = DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (code_pattern)->function_end_locus;
18828 
18829       /* We don't need the local specializations any more.  */
18830       htab_delete (local_specializations);
18831       local_specializations = saved_local_specializations;
18832 
18833       /* Finish the function.  */
18834       d = finish_function (0);
18835       expand_or_defer_fn (d);
18836     }
18837 
18838   /* We're not deferring instantiation any more.  */
18839   TI_PENDING_TEMPLATE_FLAG (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (d)) = 0;
18840 
18841   if (!fn_context)
18842     pop_from_top_level ();
18843   else if (nested)
18844     pop_function_context ();
18845 
18846 out:
18847   input_location = saved_loc;
18848   pop_deferring_access_checks ();
18849   pop_tinst_level ();
18850 
18851   timevar_pop (TV_TEMPLATE_INST);
18852 
18853   return d;
18854 }
18855 
18856 /* Run through the list of templates that we wish we could
18857    instantiate, and instantiate any we can.  RETRIES is the
18858    number of times we retry pending template instantiation.  */
18859 
18860 void
18861 instantiate_pending_templates (int retries)
18862 {
18863   int reconsider;
18864   location_t saved_loc = input_location;
18865 
18866   /* Instantiating templates may trigger vtable generation.  This in turn
18867      may require further template instantiations.  We place a limit here
18868      to avoid infinite loop.  */
18869   if (pending_templates && retries >= max_tinst_depth)
18870     {
18871       tree decl = pending_templates->tinst->decl;
18872 
18873       error ("template instantiation depth exceeds maximum of %d"
18874 	     " instantiating %q+D, possibly from virtual table generation"
18875 	     " (use -ftemplate-depth= to increase the maximum)",
18876 	     max_tinst_depth, decl);
18877       if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
18878 	/* Pretend that we defined it.  */
18879 	DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
18880       return;
18881     }
18882 
18883   do
18884     {
18885       struct pending_template **t = &pending_templates;
18886       struct pending_template *last = NULL;
18887       reconsider = 0;
18888       while (*t)
18889 	{
18890 	  tree instantiation = reopen_tinst_level ((*t)->tinst);
18891 	  bool complete = false;
18892 
18893 	  if (TYPE_P (instantiation))
18894 	    {
18895 	      tree fn;
18896 
18897 	      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (instantiation))
18898 		{
18899 		  instantiate_class_template (instantiation);
18900 		  if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (instantiation))
18901 		    for (fn = TYPE_METHODS (instantiation);
18902 			 fn;
18903 			 fn = TREE_CHAIN (fn))
18904 		      if (! DECL_ARTIFICIAL (fn))
18905 			instantiate_decl (fn,
18906 					  /*defer_ok=*/0,
18907 					  /*expl_inst_class_mem_p=*/false);
18908 		  if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (instantiation))
18909 		    reconsider = 1;
18910 		}
18911 
18912 	      complete = COMPLETE_TYPE_P (instantiation);
18913 	    }
18914 	  else
18915 	    {
18916 	      if (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (instantiation)
18917 		  && !DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (instantiation))
18918 		{
18919 		  instantiation
18920 		    = instantiate_decl (instantiation,
18921 					/*defer_ok=*/0,
18922 					/*expl_inst_class_mem_p=*/false);
18923 		  if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (instantiation))
18924 		    reconsider = 1;
18925 		}
18926 
18927 	      complete = (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (instantiation)
18928 			  || DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATED (instantiation));
18929 	    }
18930 
18931 	  if (complete)
18932 	    /* If INSTANTIATION has been instantiated, then we don't
18933 	       need to consider it again in the future.  */
18934 	    *t = (*t)->next;
18935 	  else
18936 	    {
18937 	      last = *t;
18938 	      t = &(*t)->next;
18939 	    }
18940 	  tinst_depth = 0;
18941 	  current_tinst_level = NULL;
18942 	}
18943       last_pending_template = last;
18944     }
18945   while (reconsider);
18946 
18947   input_location = saved_loc;
18948 }
18949 
18950 /* Substitute ARGVEC into T, which is a list of initializers for
18951    either base class or a non-static data member.  The TREE_PURPOSEs
18952    are DECLs, and the TREE_VALUEs are the initializer values.  Used by
18953    instantiate_decl.  */
18954 
18955 static tree
18956 tsubst_initializer_list (tree t, tree argvec)
18957 {
18958   tree inits = NULL_TREE;
18959 
18960   for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
18961     {
18962       tree decl;
18963       tree init;
18964       tree expanded_bases = NULL_TREE;
18965       tree expanded_arguments = NULL_TREE;
18966       int i, len = 1;
18967 
18968       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (t)) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
18969         {
18970           tree expr;
18971           tree arg;
18972 
18973           /* Expand the base class expansion type into separate base
18974              classes.  */
18975           expanded_bases = tsubst_pack_expansion (TREE_PURPOSE (t), argvec,
18976                                                  tf_warning_or_error,
18977                                                  NULL_TREE);
18978           if (expanded_bases == error_mark_node)
18979             continue;
18980 
18981           /* We'll be building separate TREE_LISTs of arguments for
18982              each base.  */
18983           len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (expanded_bases);
18984           expanded_arguments = make_tree_vec (len);
18985           for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
18986             TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i) = NULL_TREE;
18987 
18988           /* Build a dummy EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION that will be used to
18989              expand each argument in the TREE_VALUE of t.  */
18990           expr = make_node (EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION);
18991 	  PACK_EXPANSION_LOCAL_P (expr) = true;
18992           PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (expr) =
18993             PACK_EXPANSION_PARAMETER_PACKS (TREE_PURPOSE (t));
18994 
18995 	  if (TREE_VALUE (t) == void_type_node)
18996 	    /* VOID_TYPE_NODE is used to indicate
18997 	       value-initialization.  */
18998 	    {
18999 	      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
19000 		TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i) = void_type_node;
19001 	    }
19002 	  else
19003 	    {
19004 	      /* Substitute parameter packs into each argument in the
19005 		 TREE_LIST.  */
19006 	      in_base_initializer = 1;
19007 	      for (arg = TREE_VALUE (t); arg; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
19008 		{
19009 		  tree expanded_exprs;
19010 
19011 		  /* Expand the argument.  */
19012 		  SET_PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (expr, TREE_VALUE (arg));
19013 		  expanded_exprs
19014 		    = tsubst_pack_expansion (expr, argvec,
19015 					     tf_warning_or_error,
19016 					     NULL_TREE);
19017 		  if (expanded_exprs == error_mark_node)
19018 		    continue;
19019 
19020 		  /* Prepend each of the expanded expressions to the
19021 		     corresponding TREE_LIST in EXPANDED_ARGUMENTS.  */
19022 		  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
19023 		    {
19024 		      TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i) =
19025 			tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
19026 				   TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_exprs, i),
19027 				   TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i));
19028 		    }
19029 		}
19030 	      in_base_initializer = 0;
19031 
19032 	      /* Reverse all of the TREE_LISTs in EXPANDED_ARGUMENTS,
19033 		 since we built them backwards.  */
19034 	      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
19035 		{
19036 		  TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i) =
19037 		    nreverse (TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i));
19038 		}
19039 	    }
19040         }
19041 
19042       for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
19043         {
19044           if (expanded_bases)
19045             {
19046               decl = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_bases, i);
19047               decl = expand_member_init (decl);
19048               init = TREE_VEC_ELT (expanded_arguments, i);
19049             }
19050           else
19051             {
19052 	      tree tmp;
19053               decl = tsubst_copy (TREE_PURPOSE (t), argvec,
19054                                   tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
19055 
19056               decl = expand_member_init (decl);
19057               if (decl && !DECL_P (decl))
19058                 in_base_initializer = 1;
19059 
19060 	      init = TREE_VALUE (t);
19061 	      tmp = init;
19062 	      if (init != void_type_node)
19063 		init = tsubst_expr (init, argvec,
19064 				    tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
19065 				    /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/false);
19066 	      if (init == NULL_TREE && tmp != NULL_TREE)
19067 		/* If we had an initializer but it instantiated to nothing,
19068 		   value-initialize the object.  This will only occur when
19069 		   the initializer was a pack expansion where the parameter
19070 		   packs used in that expansion were of length zero.  */
19071 		init = void_type_node;
19072               in_base_initializer = 0;
19073             }
19074 
19075           if (decl)
19076             {
19077               init = build_tree_list (decl, init);
19078               TREE_CHAIN (init) = inits;
19079               inits = init;
19080             }
19081         }
19082     }
19083   return inits;
19084 }
19085 
19086 /* Set CURRENT_ACCESS_SPECIFIER based on the protection of DECL.  */
19087 
19088 static void
19089 set_current_access_from_decl (tree decl)
19090 {
19091   if (TREE_PRIVATE (decl))
19092     current_access_specifier = access_private_node;
19093   else if (TREE_PROTECTED (decl))
19094     current_access_specifier = access_protected_node;
19095   else
19096     current_access_specifier = access_public_node;
19097 }
19098 
19099 /* Instantiate an enumerated type.  TAG is the template type, NEWTAG
19100    is the instantiation (which should have been created with
19101    start_enum) and ARGS are the template arguments to use.  */
19102 
19103 static void
19104 tsubst_enum (tree tag, tree newtag, tree args)
19105 {
19106   tree e;
19107 
19108   if (SCOPED_ENUM_P (newtag))
19109     begin_scope (sk_scoped_enum, newtag);
19110 
19111   for (e = TYPE_VALUES (tag); e; e = TREE_CHAIN (e))
19112     {
19113       tree value;
19114       tree decl;
19115 
19116       decl = TREE_VALUE (e);
19117       /* Note that in a template enum, the TREE_VALUE is the
19118 	 CONST_DECL, not the corresponding INTEGER_CST.  */
19119       value = tsubst_expr (DECL_INITIAL (decl),
19120 			   args, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE,
19121 			   /*integral_constant_expression_p=*/true);
19122 
19123       /* Give this enumeration constant the correct access.  */
19124       set_current_access_from_decl (decl);
19125 
19126       /* Actually build the enumerator itself.  */
19127       build_enumerator
19128 	(DECL_NAME (decl), value, newtag, DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl));
19129     }
19130 
19131   if (SCOPED_ENUM_P (newtag))
19132     finish_scope ();
19133 
19134   finish_enum_value_list (newtag);
19135   finish_enum (newtag);
19136 
19137   DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_NAME (newtag))
19138     = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_NAME (tag));
19139 }
19140 
19141 /* DECL is a FUNCTION_DECL that is a template specialization.  Return
19142    its type -- but without substituting the innermost set of template
19143    arguments.  So, innermost set of template parameters will appear in
19144    the type.  */
19145 
19146 tree
19147 get_mostly_instantiated_function_type (tree decl)
19148 {
19149   tree fn_type;
19150   tree tmpl;
19151   tree targs;
19152   tree tparms;
19153   int parm_depth;
19154 
19155   tmpl = most_general_template (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl));
19156   targs = DECL_TI_ARGS (decl);
19157   tparms = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl);
19158   parm_depth = TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (tparms);
19159 
19160   /* There should be as many levels of arguments as there are levels
19161      of parameters.  */
19162   gcc_assert (parm_depth == TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (targs));
19163 
19164   fn_type = TREE_TYPE (tmpl);
19165 
19166   if (parm_depth == 1)
19167     /* No substitution is necessary.  */
19168     ;
19169   else
19170     {
19171       int i;
19172       tree partial_args;
19173 
19174       /* Replace the innermost level of the TARGS with NULL_TREEs to
19175 	 let tsubst know not to substitute for those parameters.  */
19176       partial_args = make_tree_vec (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (targs));
19177       for (i = 1; i < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (targs); ++i)
19178 	SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (partial_args, i,
19179 			     TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (targs, i));
19180       SET_TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (partial_args,
19181 			   TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (targs),
19182 			   make_tree_vec (DECL_NTPARMS (tmpl)));
19183 
19184       /* Make sure that we can see identifiers, and compute access
19185 	 correctly.  */
19186       push_access_scope (decl);
19187 
19188       ++processing_template_decl;
19189       /* Now, do the (partial) substitution to figure out the
19190 	 appropriate function type.  */
19191       fn_type = tsubst (fn_type, partial_args, tf_error, NULL_TREE);
19192       --processing_template_decl;
19193 
19194       /* Substitute into the template parameters to obtain the real
19195 	 innermost set of parameters.  This step is important if the
19196 	 innermost set of template parameters contains value
19197 	 parameters whose types depend on outer template parameters.  */
19198       TREE_VEC_LENGTH (partial_args)--;
19199       tparms = tsubst_template_parms (tparms, partial_args, tf_error);
19200 
19201       pop_access_scope (decl);
19202     }
19203 
19204   return fn_type;
19205 }
19206 
19207 /* Return truthvalue if we're processing a template different from
19208    the last one involved in diagnostics.  */
19209 int
19210 problematic_instantiation_changed (void)
19211 {
19212   return current_tinst_level != last_error_tinst_level;
19213 }
19214 
19215 /* Remember current template involved in diagnostics.  */
19216 void
19217 record_last_problematic_instantiation (void)
19218 {
19219   last_error_tinst_level = current_tinst_level;
19220 }
19221 
19222 struct tinst_level *
19223 current_instantiation (void)
19224 {
19225   return current_tinst_level;
19226 }
19227 
19228 /* [temp.param] Check that template non-type parm TYPE is of an allowable
19229    type. Return zero for ok, nonzero for disallowed. Issue error and
19230    warning messages under control of COMPLAIN.  */
19231 
19232 static int
19233 invalid_nontype_parm_type_p (tree type, tsubst_flags_t complain)
19234 {
19235   if (INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (type))
19236     return 0;
19237   else if (POINTER_TYPE_P (type))
19238     return 0;
19239   else if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (type))
19240     return 0;
19241   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
19242     return 0;
19243   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
19244     return 0;
19245   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == DECLTYPE_TYPE)
19246     return 0;
19247   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == NULLPTR_TYPE)
19248     return 0;
19249 
19250   if (complain & tf_error)
19251     {
19252       if (type == error_mark_node)
19253 	inform (input_location, "invalid template non-type parameter");
19254       else
19255 	error ("%q#T is not a valid type for a template non-type parameter",
19256 	       type);
19257     }
19258   return 1;
19259 }
19260 
19261 /* Returns TRUE if TYPE is dependent, in the sense of [temp.dep.type].
19262    Assumes that TYPE really is a type, and not the ERROR_MARK_NODE.*/
19263 
19264 static bool
19265 dependent_type_p_r (tree type)
19266 {
19267   tree scope;
19268 
19269   /* [temp.dep.type]
19270 
19271      A type is dependent if it is:
19272 
19273      -- a template parameter. Template template parameters are types
19274 	for us (since TYPE_P holds true for them) so we handle
19275 	them here.  */
19276   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
19277       || TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
19278     return true;
19279   /* -- a qualified-id with a nested-name-specifier which contains a
19280 	class-name that names a dependent type or whose unqualified-id
19281 	names a dependent type.  */
19282   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
19283     return true;
19284   /* -- a cv-qualified type where the cv-unqualified type is
19285 	dependent.  */
19286   type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
19287   /* -- a compound type constructed from any dependent type.  */
19288   if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (type))
19289     return (dependent_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (type))
19290 	    || dependent_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE
19291 					   (type)));
19292   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE
19293 	   || TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
19294     return dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (type));
19295   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
19296 	   || TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
19297     {
19298       tree arg_type;
19299 
19300       if (dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (type)))
19301 	return true;
19302       for (arg_type = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type);
19303 	   arg_type;
19304 	   arg_type = TREE_CHAIN (arg_type))
19305 	if (dependent_type_p (TREE_VALUE (arg_type)))
19306 	  return true;
19307       return false;
19308     }
19309   /* -- an array type constructed from any dependent type or whose
19310 	size is specified by a constant expression that is
19311 	value-dependent.
19312 
19313         We checked for type- and value-dependence of the bounds in
19314         compute_array_index_type, so TYPE_DEPENDENT_P is already set.  */
19315   if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
19316     {
19317       if (TYPE_DOMAIN (type)
19318 	  && dependent_type_p (TYPE_DOMAIN (type)))
19319 	return true;
19320       return dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (type));
19321     }
19322 
19323   /* -- a template-id in which either the template name is a template
19324      parameter ...  */
19325   if (TREE_CODE (type) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
19326     return true;
19327   /* ... or any of the template arguments is a dependent type or
19328 	an expression that is type-dependent or value-dependent.  */
19329   else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type)
19330 	   && (any_dependent_template_arguments_p
19331 	       (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type)))))
19332     return true;
19333 
19334   /* All TYPEOF_TYPEs, DECLTYPE_TYPEs, and UNDERLYING_TYPEs are
19335      dependent; if the argument of the `typeof' expression is not
19336      type-dependent, then it should already been have resolved.  */
19337   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPEOF_TYPE
19338       || TREE_CODE (type) == DECLTYPE_TYPE
19339       || TREE_CODE (type) == UNDERLYING_TYPE)
19340     return true;
19341 
19342   /* A template argument pack is dependent if any of its packed
19343      arguments are.  */
19344   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK)
19345     {
19346       tree args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (type);
19347       int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args);
19348       for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
19349         if (dependent_template_arg_p (TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i)))
19350           return true;
19351     }
19352 
19353   /* All TYPE_PACK_EXPANSIONs are dependent, because parameter packs must
19354      be template parameters.  */
19355   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPE_PACK_EXPANSION)
19356     return true;
19357 
19358   /* The standard does not specifically mention types that are local
19359      to template functions or local classes, but they should be
19360      considered dependent too.  For example:
19361 
19362        template <int I> void f() {
19363 	 enum E { a = I };
19364 	 S<sizeof (E)> s;
19365        }
19366 
19367      The size of `E' cannot be known until the value of `I' has been
19368      determined.  Therefore, `E' must be considered dependent.  */
19369   scope = TYPE_CONTEXT (type);
19370   if (scope && TYPE_P (scope))
19371     return dependent_type_p (scope);
19372   /* Don't use type_dependent_expression_p here, as it can lead
19373      to infinite recursion trying to determine whether a lambda
19374      nested in a lambda is dependent (c++/47687).  */
19375   else if (scope && TREE_CODE (scope) == FUNCTION_DECL
19376 	   && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (scope)
19377 	   && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (scope)
19378 	   && (any_dependent_template_arguments_p
19379 	       (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (DECL_TI_ARGS (scope)))))
19380     return true;
19381 
19382   /* Other types are non-dependent.  */
19383   return false;
19384 }
19385 
19386 /* Returns TRUE if TYPE is dependent, in the sense of
19387    [temp.dep.type].  Note that a NULL type is considered dependent.  */
19388 
19389 bool
19390 dependent_type_p (tree type)
19391 {
19392   /* If there are no template parameters in scope, then there can't be
19393      any dependent types.  */
19394   if (!processing_template_decl)
19395     {
19396       /* If we are not processing a template, then nobody should be
19397 	 providing us with a dependent type.  */
19398       gcc_assert (type);
19399       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM || is_auto (type));
19400       return false;
19401     }
19402 
19403   /* If the type is NULL, we have not computed a type for the entity
19404      in question; in that case, the type is dependent.  */
19405   if (!type)
19406     return true;
19407 
19408   /* Erroneous types can be considered non-dependent.  */
19409   if (type == error_mark_node)
19410     return false;
19411 
19412   /* If we have not already computed the appropriate value for TYPE,
19413      do so now.  */
19414   if (!TYPE_DEPENDENT_P_VALID (type))
19415     {
19416       TYPE_DEPENDENT_P (type) = dependent_type_p_r (type);
19417       TYPE_DEPENDENT_P_VALID (type) = 1;
19418     }
19419 
19420   return TYPE_DEPENDENT_P (type);
19421 }
19422 
19423 /* Returns TRUE if SCOPE is a dependent scope, in which we can't do any
19424    lookup.  In other words, a dependent type that is not the current
19425    instantiation.  */
19426 
19427 bool
19428 dependent_scope_p (tree scope)
19429 {
19430   return (scope && TYPE_P (scope) && dependent_type_p (scope)
19431 	  && !currently_open_class (scope));
19432 }
19433 
19434 /* Returns TRUE if the EXPRESSION is value-dependent, in the sense of
19435    [temp.dep.constexpr].  EXPRESSION is already known to be a constant
19436    expression.  */
19437 
19438 /* Note that this predicate is not appropriate for general expressions;
19439    only constant expressions (that satisfy potential_constant_expression)
19440    can be tested for value dependence.
19441 
19442    We should really also have a predicate for "instantiation-dependent".
19443 
19444    fold_non_dependent_expr: fold if constant and not type-dependent and not value-dependent.
19445      (what about instantiation-dependent constant-expressions?)
19446    is_late_template_attribute: defer if instantiation-dependent.
19447    compute_array_index_type: proceed if constant and not t- or v-dependent
19448      if instantiation-dependent, need to remember full expression
19449    uses_template_parms: FIXME - need to audit callers
19450    tsubst_decl [function_decl]: Why is this using value_dependent_expression_p?
19451    dependent_type_p [array_type]: dependent if index type is dependent
19452      (or non-constant?)
19453    static_assert - instantiation-dependent */
19454 
19455 bool
19456 value_dependent_expression_p (tree expression)
19457 {
19458   if (!processing_template_decl)
19459     return false;
19460 
19461   /* A name declared with a dependent type.  */
19462   if (DECL_P (expression) && type_dependent_expression_p (expression))
19463     return true;
19464 
19465   switch (TREE_CODE (expression))
19466     {
19467     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
19468       /* A name that has not been looked up -- must be dependent.  */
19469       return true;
19470 
19471     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
19472       /* A non-type template parm.  */
19473       return true;
19474 
19475     case CONST_DECL:
19476       /* A non-type template parm.  */
19477       if (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (expression))
19478 	return true;
19479       return value_dependent_expression_p (DECL_INITIAL (expression));
19480 
19481     case VAR_DECL:
19482        /* A constant with literal type and is initialized
19483 	  with an expression that is value-dependent.
19484 
19485           Note that a non-dependent parenthesized initializer will have
19486           already been replaced with its constant value, so if we see
19487           a TREE_LIST it must be dependent.  */
19488       if (DECL_INITIAL (expression)
19489 	  && decl_constant_var_p (expression)
19490 	  && (TREE_CODE (DECL_INITIAL (expression)) == TREE_LIST
19491 	      || value_dependent_expression_p (DECL_INITIAL (expression))))
19492 	return true;
19493       return false;
19494 
19495     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
19496     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
19497     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
19498     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
19499     case CAST_EXPR:
19500       /* These expressions are value-dependent if the type to which
19501 	 the cast occurs is dependent or the expression being casted
19502 	 is value-dependent.  */
19503       {
19504 	tree type = TREE_TYPE (expression);
19505 
19506 	if (dependent_type_p (type))
19507 	  return true;
19508 
19509 	/* A functional cast has a list of operands.  */
19510 	expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19511 	if (!expression)
19512 	  {
19513 	    /* If there are no operands, it must be an expression such
19514 	       as "int()". This should not happen for aggregate types
19515 	       because it would form non-constant expressions.  */
19516 	    gcc_assert (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x
19517 			|| INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (type));
19518 
19519 	    return false;
19520 	  }
19521 
19522 	if (TREE_CODE (expression) == TREE_LIST)
19523 	  return any_value_dependent_elements_p (expression);
19524 
19525 	return value_dependent_expression_p (expression);
19526       }
19527 
19528     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
19529     case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
19530     case TYPEID_EXPR:
19531       /* A `sizeof' expression is value-dependent if the operand is
19532 	 type-dependent or is a pack expansion.  */
19533       expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19534       if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (expression))
19535         return true;
19536       else if (TYPE_P (expression))
19537 	return dependent_type_p (expression);
19538       return type_dependent_expression_p (expression);
19539 
19540     case AT_ENCODE_EXPR:
19541       /* An 'encode' expression is value-dependent if the operand is
19542 	 type-dependent.  */
19543       expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19544       return dependent_type_p (expression);
19545 
19546     case NOEXCEPT_EXPR:
19547       expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19548       return type_dependent_expression_p (expression);
19549 
19550     case SCOPE_REF:
19551       {
19552 	tree name = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1);
19553 	return value_dependent_expression_p (name);
19554       }
19555 
19556     case COMPONENT_REF:
19557       return (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0))
19558 	      || value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1)));
19559 
19560     case NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK:
19561       /* A NONTYPE_ARGUMENT_PACK is value-dependent if any packed argument
19562          is value-dependent.  */
19563       {
19564         tree values = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (expression);
19565         int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (values);
19566 
19567         for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
19568           if (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_VEC_ELT (values, i)))
19569             return true;
19570 
19571         return false;
19572       }
19573 
19574     case TRAIT_EXPR:
19575       {
19576 	tree type2 = TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE2 (expression);
19577 	return (dependent_type_p (TRAIT_EXPR_TYPE1 (expression))
19578 		|| (type2 ? dependent_type_p (type2) : false));
19579       }
19580 
19581     case MODOP_EXPR:
19582       return ((value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0)))
19583 	      || (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 2))));
19584 
19585     case ARRAY_REF:
19586       return ((value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0)))
19587 	      || (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1))));
19588 
19589     case ADDR_EXPR:
19590       {
19591 	tree op = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19592 	return (value_dependent_expression_p (op)
19593 		|| has_value_dependent_address (op));
19594       }
19595 
19596     case CALL_EXPR:
19597       {
19598 	tree fn = get_callee_fndecl (expression);
19599 	int i, nargs;
19600 	if (!fn && value_dependent_expression_p (CALL_EXPR_FN (expression)))
19601 	  return true;
19602 	nargs = call_expr_nargs (expression);
19603 	for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
19604 	  {
19605 	    tree op = CALL_EXPR_ARG (expression, i);
19606 	    /* In a call to a constexpr member function, look through the
19607 	       implicit ADDR_EXPR on the object argument so that it doesn't
19608 	       cause the call to be considered value-dependent.  We also
19609 	       look through it in potential_constant_expression.  */
19610 	    if (i == 0 && fn && DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (fn)
19611 		&& DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (fn)
19612 		&& TREE_CODE (op) == ADDR_EXPR)
19613 	      op = TREE_OPERAND (op, 0);
19614 	    if (value_dependent_expression_p (op))
19615 	      return true;
19616 	  }
19617 	return false;
19618       }
19619 
19620     case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
19621       /* If a TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR involves a dependent name, it will be
19622 	 type-dependent.  */
19623       return type_dependent_expression_p (expression);
19624 
19625     case CONSTRUCTOR:
19626       {
19627 	unsigned ix;
19628 	tree val;
19629 	FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expression), ix, val)
19630 	  if (value_dependent_expression_p (val))
19631 	    return true;
19632 	return false;
19633       }
19634 
19635     case STMT_EXPR:
19636       /* Treat a GNU statement expression as dependent to avoid crashing
19637 	 under fold_non_dependent_expr; it can't be constant.  */
19638       return true;
19639 
19640     default:
19641       /* A constant expression is value-dependent if any subexpression is
19642 	 value-dependent.  */
19643       switch (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (expression)))
19644 	{
19645 	case tcc_reference:
19646 	case tcc_unary:
19647 	case tcc_comparison:
19648 	case tcc_binary:
19649 	case tcc_expression:
19650 	case tcc_vl_exp:
19651 	  {
19652 	    int i, len = cp_tree_operand_length (expression);
19653 
19654 	    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
19655 	      {
19656 		tree t = TREE_OPERAND (expression, i);
19657 
19658 		/* In some cases, some of the operands may be missing.l
19659 		   (For example, in the case of PREDECREMENT_EXPR, the
19660 		   amount to increment by may be missing.)  That doesn't
19661 		   make the expression dependent.  */
19662 		if (t && value_dependent_expression_p (t))
19663 		  return true;
19664 	      }
19665 	  }
19666 	  break;
19667 	default:
19668 	  break;
19669 	}
19670       break;
19671     }
19672 
19673   /* The expression is not value-dependent.  */
19674   return false;
19675 }
19676 
19677 /* Returns TRUE if the EXPRESSION is type-dependent, in the sense of
19678    [temp.dep.expr].  Note that an expression with no type is
19679    considered dependent.  Other parts of the compiler arrange for an
19680    expression with type-dependent subexpressions to have no type, so
19681    this function doesn't have to be fully recursive.  */
19682 
19683 bool
19684 type_dependent_expression_p (tree expression)
19685 {
19686   if (!processing_template_decl)
19687     return false;
19688 
19689   if (expression == error_mark_node)
19690     return false;
19691 
19692   /* An unresolved name is always dependent.  */
19693   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
19694       || TREE_CODE (expression) == USING_DECL)
19695     return true;
19696 
19697   /* Some expression forms are never type-dependent.  */
19698   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR
19699       || TREE_CODE (expression) == SIZEOF_EXPR
19700       || TREE_CODE (expression) == ALIGNOF_EXPR
19701       || TREE_CODE (expression) == AT_ENCODE_EXPR
19702       || TREE_CODE (expression) == NOEXCEPT_EXPR
19703       || TREE_CODE (expression) == TRAIT_EXPR
19704       || TREE_CODE (expression) == TYPEID_EXPR
19705       || TREE_CODE (expression) == DELETE_EXPR
19706       || TREE_CODE (expression) == VEC_DELETE_EXPR
19707       || TREE_CODE (expression) == THROW_EXPR)
19708     return false;
19709 
19710   /* The types of these expressions depends only on the type to which
19711      the cast occurs.  */
19712   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR
19713       || TREE_CODE (expression) == STATIC_CAST_EXPR
19714       || TREE_CODE (expression) == CONST_CAST_EXPR
19715       || TREE_CODE (expression) == REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR
19716       || TREE_CODE (expression) == IMPLICIT_CONV_EXPR
19717       || TREE_CODE (expression) == CAST_EXPR)
19718     return dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expression));
19719 
19720   /* The types of these expressions depends only on the type created
19721      by the expression.  */
19722   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == NEW_EXPR
19723       || TREE_CODE (expression) == VEC_NEW_EXPR)
19724     {
19725       /* For NEW_EXPR tree nodes created inside a template, either
19726 	 the object type itself or a TREE_LIST may appear as the
19727 	 operand 1.  */
19728       tree type = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1);
19729       if (TREE_CODE (type) == TREE_LIST)
19730 	/* This is an array type.  We need to check array dimensions
19731 	   as well.  */
19732 	return dependent_type_p (TREE_VALUE (TREE_PURPOSE (type)))
19733 	       || value_dependent_expression_p
19734 		    (TREE_OPERAND (TREE_VALUE (type), 1));
19735       else
19736 	return dependent_type_p (type);
19737     }
19738 
19739   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == SCOPE_REF)
19740     {
19741       tree scope = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19742       tree name = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1);
19743 
19744       /* 14.6.2.2 [temp.dep.expr]: An id-expression is type-dependent if it
19745 	 contains an identifier associated by name lookup with one or more
19746 	 declarations declared with a dependent type, or...a
19747 	 nested-name-specifier or qualified-id that names a member of an
19748 	 unknown specialization.  */
19749       return (type_dependent_expression_p (name)
19750 	      || dependent_scope_p (scope));
19751     }
19752 
19753   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == FUNCTION_DECL
19754       && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (expression)
19755       && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (expression)
19756       && (any_dependent_template_arguments_p
19757 	  (INNERMOST_TEMPLATE_ARGS (DECL_TI_ARGS (expression)))))
19758     return true;
19759 
19760   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == TEMPLATE_DECL
19761       && !DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (expression))
19762     return false;
19763 
19764   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == STMT_EXPR)
19765     expression = stmt_expr_value_expr (expression);
19766 
19767   if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (expression))
19768     {
19769       tree elt;
19770       unsigned i;
19771 
19772       FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (expression), i, elt)
19773 	{
19774 	  if (type_dependent_expression_p (elt))
19775 	    return true;
19776 	}
19777       return false;
19778     }
19779 
19780   /* A static data member of the current instantiation with incomplete
19781      array type is type-dependent, as the definition and specializations
19782      can have different bounds.  */
19783   if (TREE_CODE (expression) == VAR_DECL
19784       && DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (expression)
19785       && dependent_type_p (DECL_CONTEXT (expression))
19786       && VAR_HAD_UNKNOWN_BOUND (expression))
19787     return true;
19788 
19789   if (TREE_TYPE (expression) == unknown_type_node)
19790     {
19791       if (TREE_CODE (expression) == ADDR_EXPR)
19792 	return type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0));
19793       if (TREE_CODE (expression) == COMPONENT_REF
19794 	  || TREE_CODE (expression) == OFFSET_REF)
19795 	{
19796 	  if (type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0)))
19797 	    return true;
19798 	  expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1);
19799 	  if (TREE_CODE (expression) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
19800 	    return false;
19801 	}
19802       /* SCOPE_REF with non-null TREE_TYPE is always non-dependent.  */
19803       if (TREE_CODE (expression) == SCOPE_REF)
19804 	return false;
19805 
19806       if (BASELINK_P (expression))
19807 	expression = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (expression);
19808 
19809       if (TREE_CODE (expression) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
19810 	{
19811 	  if (any_dependent_template_arguments_p
19812 	      (TREE_OPERAND (expression, 1)))
19813 	    return true;
19814 	  expression = TREE_OPERAND (expression, 0);
19815 	}
19816       gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (expression) == OVERLOAD
19817 		  || TREE_CODE (expression) == FUNCTION_DECL);
19818 
19819       while (expression)
19820 	{
19821 	  if (type_dependent_expression_p (OVL_CURRENT (expression)))
19822 	    return true;
19823 	  expression = OVL_NEXT (expression);
19824 	}
19825       return false;
19826     }
19827 
19828   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (expression) != TYPE_DECL);
19829 
19830   return (dependent_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expression)));
19831 }
19832 
19833 /* Like type_dependent_expression_p, but it also works while not processing
19834    a template definition, i.e. during substitution or mangling.  */
19835 
19836 bool
19837 type_dependent_expression_p_push (tree expr)
19838 {
19839   bool b;
19840   ++processing_template_decl;
19841   b = type_dependent_expression_p (expr);
19842   --processing_template_decl;
19843   return b;
19844 }
19845 
19846 /* Returns TRUE if ARGS contains a type-dependent expression.  */
19847 
19848 bool
19849 any_type_dependent_arguments_p (const VEC(tree,gc) *args)
19850 {
19851   unsigned int i;
19852   tree arg;
19853 
19854   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (tree, args, i, arg)
19855     {
19856       if (type_dependent_expression_p (arg))
19857 	return true;
19858     }
19859   return false;
19860 }
19861 
19862 /* Returns TRUE if LIST (a TREE_LIST whose TREE_VALUEs are
19863    expressions) contains any type-dependent expressions.  */
19864 
19865 bool
19866 any_type_dependent_elements_p (const_tree list)
19867 {
19868   for (; list; list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
19869     if (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_VALUE (list)))
19870       return true;
19871 
19872   return false;
19873 }
19874 
19875 /* Returns TRUE if LIST (a TREE_LIST whose TREE_VALUEs are
19876    expressions) contains any value-dependent expressions.  */
19877 
19878 bool
19879 any_value_dependent_elements_p (const_tree list)
19880 {
19881   for (; list; list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
19882     if (value_dependent_expression_p (TREE_VALUE (list)))
19883       return true;
19884 
19885   return false;
19886 }
19887 
19888 /* Returns TRUE if the ARG (a template argument) is dependent.  */
19889 
19890 bool
19891 dependent_template_arg_p (tree arg)
19892 {
19893   if (!processing_template_decl)
19894     return false;
19895 
19896   /* Assume a template argument that was wrongly written by the user
19897      is dependent. This is consistent with what
19898      any_dependent_template_arguments_p [that calls this function]
19899      does.  */
19900   if (!arg || arg == error_mark_node)
19901     return true;
19902 
19903   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT)
19904     arg = ARGUMENT_PACK_SELECT_ARG (arg);
19905 
19906   if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL
19907       || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
19908     return dependent_template_p (arg);
19909   else if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
19910     {
19911       tree args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg);
19912       int i, len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args);
19913       for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
19914         {
19915           if (dependent_template_arg_p (TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i)))
19916             return true;
19917         }
19918 
19919       return false;
19920     }
19921   else if (TYPE_P (arg))
19922     return dependent_type_p (arg);
19923   else
19924     return (type_dependent_expression_p (arg)
19925 	    || value_dependent_expression_p (arg));
19926 }
19927 
19928 /* Returns true if ARGS (a collection of template arguments) contains
19929    any types that require structural equality testing.  */
19930 
19931 bool
19932 any_template_arguments_need_structural_equality_p (tree args)
19933 {
19934   int i;
19935   int j;
19936 
19937   if (!args)
19938     return false;
19939   if (args == error_mark_node)
19940     return true;
19941 
19942   for (i = 0; i < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args); ++i)
19943     {
19944       tree level = TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i + 1);
19945       for (j = 0; j < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (level); ++j)
19946 	{
19947 	  tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (level, j);
19948 	  tree packed_args = NULL_TREE;
19949 	  int k, len = 1;
19950 
19951 	  if (ARGUMENT_PACK_P (arg))
19952 	    {
19953 	      /* Look inside the argument pack.  */
19954 	      packed_args = ARGUMENT_PACK_ARGS (arg);
19955 	      len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (packed_args);
19956 	    }
19957 
19958 	  for (k = 0; k < len; ++k)
19959 	    {
19960 	      if (packed_args)
19961 		arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (packed_args, k);
19962 
19963 	      if (error_operand_p (arg))
19964 		return true;
19965 	      else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL
19966 		       || TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
19967 		continue;
19968 	      else if (TYPE_P (arg) && TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY_P (arg))
19969 		return true;
19970 	      else if (!TYPE_P (arg) && TREE_TYPE (arg)
19971 		       && TYPE_STRUCTURAL_EQUALITY_P (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
19972 		return true;
19973 	    }
19974 	}
19975     }
19976 
19977   return false;
19978 }
19979 
19980 /* Returns true if ARGS (a collection of template arguments) contains
19981    any dependent arguments.  */
19982 
19983 bool
19984 any_dependent_template_arguments_p (const_tree args)
19985 {
19986   int i;
19987   int j;
19988 
19989   if (!args)
19990     return false;
19991   if (args == error_mark_node)
19992     return true;
19993 
19994   for (i = 0; i < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args); ++i)
19995     {
19996       const_tree level = TMPL_ARGS_LEVEL (args, i + 1);
19997       for (j = 0; j < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (level); ++j)
19998 	if (dependent_template_arg_p (TREE_VEC_ELT (level, j)))
19999 	  return true;
20000     }
20001 
20002   return false;
20003 }
20004 
20005 /* Returns TRUE if the template TMPL is dependent.  */
20006 
20007 bool
20008 dependent_template_p (tree tmpl)
20009 {
20010   if (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == OVERLOAD)
20011     {
20012       while (tmpl)
20013 	{
20014 	  if (dependent_template_p (OVL_CURRENT (tmpl)))
20015 	    return true;
20016 	  tmpl = OVL_NEXT (tmpl);
20017 	}
20018       return false;
20019     }
20020 
20021   /* Template template parameters are dependent.  */
20022   if (DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (tmpl)
20023       || TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
20024     return true;
20025   /* So are names that have not been looked up.  */
20026   if (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == SCOPE_REF
20027       || TREE_CODE (tmpl) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
20028     return true;
20029   /* So are member templates of dependent classes.  */
20030   if (TYPE_P (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl)))
20031     return dependent_type_p (DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl));
20032   return false;
20033 }
20034 
20035 /* Returns TRUE if the specialization TMPL<ARGS> is dependent.  */
20036 
20037 bool
20038 dependent_template_id_p (tree tmpl, tree args)
20039 {
20040   return (dependent_template_p (tmpl)
20041 	  || any_dependent_template_arguments_p (args));
20042 }
20043 
20044 /* Returns TRUE if OMP_FOR with DECLV, INITV, CONDV and INCRV vectors
20045    is dependent.  */
20046 
20047 bool
20048 dependent_omp_for_p (tree declv, tree initv, tree condv, tree incrv)
20049 {
20050   int i;
20051 
20052   if (!processing_template_decl)
20053     return false;
20054 
20055   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (declv); i++)
20056     {
20057       tree decl = TREE_VEC_ELT (declv, i);
20058       tree init = TREE_VEC_ELT (initv, i);
20059       tree cond = TREE_VEC_ELT (condv, i);
20060       tree incr = TREE_VEC_ELT (incrv, i);
20061 
20062       if (type_dependent_expression_p (decl))
20063 	return true;
20064 
20065       if (init && type_dependent_expression_p (init))
20066 	return true;
20067 
20068       if (type_dependent_expression_p (cond))
20069 	return true;
20070 
20071       if (COMPARISON_CLASS_P (cond)
20072 	  && (type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (cond, 0))
20073 	      || type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (cond, 1))))
20074 	return true;
20075 
20076       if (TREE_CODE (incr) == MODOP_EXPR)
20077 	{
20078 	  if (type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0))
20079 	      || type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 2)))
20080 	    return true;
20081 	}
20082       else if (type_dependent_expression_p (incr))
20083 	return true;
20084       else if (TREE_CODE (incr) == MODIFY_EXPR)
20085 	{
20086 	  if (type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 0)))
20087 	    return true;
20088 	  else if (BINARY_CLASS_P (TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1)))
20089 	    {
20090 	      tree t = TREE_OPERAND (incr, 1);
20091 	      if (type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))
20092 		  || type_dependent_expression_p (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)))
20093 		return true;
20094 	    }
20095 	}
20096     }
20097 
20098   return false;
20099 }
20100 
20101 /* TYPE is a TYPENAME_TYPE.  Returns the ordinary TYPE to which the
20102    TYPENAME_TYPE corresponds.  Returns the original TYPENAME_TYPE if
20103    no such TYPE can be found.  Note that this function peers inside
20104    uninstantiated templates and therefore should be used only in
20105    extremely limited situations.  ONLY_CURRENT_P restricts this
20106    peering to the currently open classes hierarchy (which is required
20107    when comparing types).  */
20108 
20109 tree
20110 resolve_typename_type (tree type, bool only_current_p)
20111 {
20112   tree scope;
20113   tree name;
20114   tree decl;
20115   int quals;
20116   tree pushed_scope;
20117   tree result;
20118 
20119   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE);
20120 
20121   scope = TYPE_CONTEXT (type);
20122   /* Usually the non-qualified identifier of a TYPENAME_TYPE is
20123      TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type). But when 'type' is a typedef variant of
20124      a TYPENAME_TYPE node, then TYPE_NAME (type) is set to the TYPE_DECL representing
20125      the typedef. In that case TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type) is not the non-qualified
20126      identifier  of the TYPENAME_TYPE anymore.
20127      So by getting the TYPE_IDENTIFIER of the _main declaration_ of the
20128      TYPENAME_TYPE instead, we avoid messing up with a possible
20129      typedef variant case.  */
20130   name = TYPE_IDENTIFIER (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type));
20131 
20132   /* If the SCOPE is itself a TYPENAME_TYPE, then we need to resolve
20133      it first before we can figure out what NAME refers to.  */
20134   if (TREE_CODE (scope) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
20135     scope = resolve_typename_type (scope, only_current_p);
20136   /* If we don't know what SCOPE refers to, then we cannot resolve the
20137      TYPENAME_TYPE.  */
20138   if (TREE_CODE (scope) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
20139     return type;
20140   /* If the SCOPE is a template type parameter, we have no way of
20141      resolving the name.  */
20142   if (TREE_CODE (scope) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
20143     return type;
20144   /* If the SCOPE is not the current instantiation, there's no reason
20145      to look inside it.  */
20146   if (only_current_p && !currently_open_class (scope))
20147     return type;
20148   /* If this is a typedef, we don't want to look inside (c++/11987).  */
20149   if (typedef_variant_p (type))
20150     return type;
20151   /* If SCOPE isn't the template itself, it will not have a valid
20152      TYPE_FIELDS list.  */
20153   if (same_type_p (scope, CLASSTYPE_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_TYPE (scope)))
20154     /* scope is either the template itself or a compatible instantiation
20155        like X<T>, so look up the name in the original template.  */
20156     scope = CLASSTYPE_PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_TYPE (scope);
20157   else
20158     /* scope is a partial instantiation, so we can't do the lookup or we
20159        will lose the template arguments.  */
20160     return type;
20161   /* Enter the SCOPE so that name lookup will be resolved as if we
20162      were in the class definition.  In particular, SCOPE will no
20163      longer be considered a dependent type.  */
20164   pushed_scope = push_scope (scope);
20165   /* Look up the declaration.  */
20166   decl = lookup_member (scope, name, /*protect=*/0, /*want_type=*/true,
20167 			tf_warning_or_error);
20168 
20169   result = NULL_TREE;
20170 
20171   /* For a TYPENAME_TYPE like "typename X::template Y<T>", we want to
20172      find a TEMPLATE_DECL.  Otherwise, we want to find a TYPE_DECL.  */
20173   if (!decl)
20174     /*nop*/;
20175   else if (TREE_CODE (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (type)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
20176 	   && TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
20177     {
20178       result = TREE_TYPE (decl);
20179       if (result == error_mark_node)
20180 	result = NULL_TREE;
20181     }
20182   else if (TREE_CODE (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (type)) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
20183 	   && DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (decl))
20184     {
20185       tree tmpl;
20186       tree args;
20187       /* Obtain the template and the arguments.  */
20188       tmpl = TREE_OPERAND (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (type), 0);
20189       args = TREE_OPERAND (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (type), 1);
20190       /* Instantiate the template.  */
20191       result = lookup_template_class (tmpl, args, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
20192 				      /*entering_scope=*/0,
20193 				      tf_error | tf_user);
20194       if (result == error_mark_node)
20195 	result = NULL_TREE;
20196     }
20197 
20198   /* Leave the SCOPE.  */
20199   if (pushed_scope)
20200     pop_scope (pushed_scope);
20201 
20202   /* If we failed to resolve it, return the original typename.  */
20203   if (!result)
20204     return type;
20205 
20206   /* If lookup found a typename type, resolve that too.  */
20207   if (TREE_CODE (result) == TYPENAME_TYPE && !TYPENAME_IS_RESOLVING_P (result))
20208     {
20209       /* Ill-formed programs can cause infinite recursion here, so we
20210 	 must catch that.  */
20211       TYPENAME_IS_RESOLVING_P (type) = 1;
20212       result = resolve_typename_type (result, only_current_p);
20213       TYPENAME_IS_RESOLVING_P (type) = 0;
20214     }
20215 
20216   /* Qualify the resulting type.  */
20217   quals = cp_type_quals (type);
20218   if (quals)
20219     result = cp_build_qualified_type (result, cp_type_quals (result) | quals);
20220 
20221   return result;
20222 }
20223 
20224 /* EXPR is an expression which is not type-dependent.  Return a proxy
20225    for EXPR that can be used to compute the types of larger
20226    expressions containing EXPR.  */
20227 
20228 tree
20229 build_non_dependent_expr (tree expr)
20230 {
20231   tree inner_expr;
20232 
20233 #ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
20234   /* Try to get a constant value for all non-type-dependent expressions in
20235       order to expose bugs in *_dependent_expression_p and constexpr.  */
20236   if (cxx_dialect >= cxx0x)
20237     maybe_constant_value (fold_non_dependent_expr_sfinae (expr, tf_none));
20238 #endif
20239 
20240   /* Preserve OVERLOADs; the functions must be available to resolve
20241      types.  */
20242   inner_expr = expr;
20243   if (TREE_CODE (inner_expr) == STMT_EXPR)
20244     inner_expr = stmt_expr_value_expr (inner_expr);
20245   if (TREE_CODE (inner_expr) == ADDR_EXPR)
20246     inner_expr = TREE_OPERAND (inner_expr, 0);
20247   if (TREE_CODE (inner_expr) == COMPONENT_REF)
20248     inner_expr = TREE_OPERAND (inner_expr, 1);
20249   if (is_overloaded_fn (inner_expr)
20250       || TREE_CODE (inner_expr) == OFFSET_REF)
20251     return expr;
20252   /* There is no need to return a proxy for a variable.  */
20253   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == VAR_DECL)
20254     return expr;
20255   /* Preserve string constants; conversions from string constants to
20256      "char *" are allowed, even though normally a "const char *"
20257      cannot be used to initialize a "char *".  */
20258   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == STRING_CST)
20259     return expr;
20260   /* Preserve arithmetic constants, as an optimization -- there is no
20261      reason to create a new node.  */
20262   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == INTEGER_CST || TREE_CODE (expr) == REAL_CST)
20263     return expr;
20264   /* Preserve THROW_EXPRs -- all throw-expressions have type "void".
20265      There is at least one place where we want to know that a
20266      particular expression is a throw-expression: when checking a ?:
20267      expression, there are special rules if the second or third
20268      argument is a throw-expression.  */
20269   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == THROW_EXPR)
20270     return expr;
20271 
20272   /* Don't wrap an initializer list, we need to be able to look inside.  */
20273   if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (expr))
20274     return expr;
20275 
20276   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COND_EXPR)
20277     return build3 (COND_EXPR,
20278 		   TREE_TYPE (expr),
20279 		   TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0),
20280 		   (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)
20281 		    ? build_non_dependent_expr (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1))
20282 		    : build_non_dependent_expr (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0))),
20283 		   build_non_dependent_expr (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 2)));
20284   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPOUND_EXPR
20285       && !COMPOUND_EXPR_OVERLOADED (expr))
20286     return build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR,
20287 		   TREE_TYPE (expr),
20288 		   TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0),
20289 		   build_non_dependent_expr (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)));
20290 
20291   /* If the type is unknown, it can't really be non-dependent */
20292   gcc_assert (TREE_TYPE (expr) != unknown_type_node);
20293 
20294   /* Otherwise, build a NON_DEPENDENT_EXPR.  */
20295   return build1 (NON_DEPENDENT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr);
20296 }
20297 
20298 /* ARGS is a vector of expressions as arguments to a function call.
20299    Replace the arguments with equivalent non-dependent expressions.
20300    This modifies ARGS in place.  */
20301 
20302 void
20303 make_args_non_dependent (VEC(tree,gc) *args)
20304 {
20305   unsigned int ix;
20306   tree arg;
20307 
20308   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (tree, args, ix, arg)
20309     {
20310       tree newarg = build_non_dependent_expr (arg);
20311       if (newarg != arg)
20312 	VEC_replace (tree, args, ix, newarg);
20313     }
20314 }
20315 
20316 /* Returns a type which represents 'auto'.  We use a TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
20317    with a level one deeper than the actual template parms.  */
20318 
20319 tree
20320 make_auto (void)
20321 {
20322   tree au = cxx_make_type (TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM);
20323   TYPE_NAME (au) = build_decl (BUILTINS_LOCATION,
20324 			       TYPE_DECL, get_identifier ("auto"), au);
20325   TYPE_STUB_DECL (au) = TYPE_NAME (au);
20326   TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (au) = build_template_parm_index
20327     (0, processing_template_decl + 1, processing_template_decl + 1,
20328      0, TYPE_NAME (au), NULL_TREE);
20329   TYPE_CANONICAL (au) = canonical_type_parameter (au);
20330   DECL_ARTIFICIAL (TYPE_NAME (au)) = 1;
20331   SET_DECL_TEMPLATE_PARM_P (TYPE_NAME (au));
20332 
20333   return au;
20334 }
20335 
20336 /* Given type ARG, return std::initializer_list<ARG>.  */
20337 
20338 static tree
20339 listify (tree arg)
20340 {
20341   tree std_init_list = namespace_binding
20342     (get_identifier ("initializer_list"), std_node);
20343   tree argvec;
20344   if (!std_init_list || !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (std_init_list))
20345     {
20346       error ("deducing from brace-enclosed initializer list requires "
20347 	     "#include <initializer_list>");
20348       return error_mark_node;
20349     }
20350   argvec = make_tree_vec (1);
20351   TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, 0) = arg;
20352   return lookup_template_class (std_init_list, argvec, NULL_TREE,
20353 				NULL_TREE, 0, tf_warning_or_error);
20354 }
20355 
20356 /* Replace auto in TYPE with std::initializer_list<auto>.  */
20357 
20358 static tree
20359 listify_autos (tree type, tree auto_node)
20360 {
20361   tree init_auto = listify (auto_node);
20362   tree argvec = make_tree_vec (1);
20363   TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, 0) = init_auto;
20364   if (processing_template_decl)
20365     argvec = add_to_template_args (current_template_args (), argvec);
20366   return tsubst (type, argvec, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
20367 }
20368 
20369 /* walk_tree helper for do_auto_deduction.  */
20370 
20371 static tree
20372 contains_auto_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
20373 		 void *type)
20374 {
20375   /* Is this a variable with the type we're looking for?  */
20376   if (DECL_P (*tp)
20377       && TREE_TYPE (*tp) == type)
20378     return *tp;
20379   else
20380     return NULL_TREE;
20381 }
20382 
20383 /* Replace occurrences of 'auto' in TYPE with the appropriate type deduced
20384    from INIT.  AUTO_NODE is the TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM used for 'auto' in TYPE.  */
20385 
20386 tree
20387 do_auto_deduction (tree type, tree init, tree auto_node)
20388 {
20389   tree parms, tparms, targs;
20390   tree args[1];
20391   tree decl;
20392   int val;
20393 
20394   if (type_dependent_expression_p (init))
20395     /* Defining a subset of type-dependent expressions that we can deduce
20396        from ahead of time isn't worth the trouble.  */
20397     return type;
20398 
20399   /* The name of the object being declared shall not appear in the
20400      initializer expression.  */
20401   decl = cp_walk_tree_without_duplicates (&init, contains_auto_r, type);
20402   if (decl)
20403     {
20404       error ("variable %q#D with %<auto%> type used in its own "
20405 	     "initializer", decl);
20406       return error_mark_node;
20407     }
20408 
20409   /* [dcl.spec.auto]: Obtain P from T by replacing the occurrences of auto
20410      with either a new invented type template parameter U or, if the
20411      initializer is a braced-init-list (8.5.4), with
20412      std::initializer_list<U>.  */
20413   if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (init))
20414     type = listify_autos (type, auto_node);
20415 
20416   init = resolve_nondeduced_context (init);
20417 
20418   parms = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, type);
20419   args[0] = init;
20420   tparms = make_tree_vec (1);
20421   targs = make_tree_vec (1);
20422   TREE_VEC_ELT (tparms, 0)
20423     = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, TYPE_NAME (auto_node));
20424   val = type_unification_real (tparms, targs, parms, args, 1, 0,
20425 			       DEDUCE_CALL, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
20426 			       /*explain_p=*/false);
20427   if (val > 0)
20428     {
20429       if (processing_template_decl)
20430 	/* Try again at instantiation time.  */
20431 	return type;
20432       if (type && type != error_mark_node)
20433 	/* If type is error_mark_node a diagnostic must have been
20434 	   emitted by now.  Also, having a mention to '<type error>'
20435 	   in the diagnostic is not really useful to the user.  */
20436 	error ("unable to deduce %qT from %qE", type, init);
20437       return error_mark_node;
20438     }
20439 
20440   /* If the list of declarators contains more than one declarator, the type
20441      of each declared variable is determined as described above. If the
20442      type deduced for the template parameter U is not the same in each
20443      deduction, the program is ill-formed.  */
20444   if (TREE_TYPE (auto_node)
20445       && !same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (auto_node), TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, 0)))
20446     {
20447       error ("inconsistent deduction for %qT: %qT and then %qT",
20448 	     auto_node, TREE_TYPE (auto_node), TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, 0));
20449       return error_mark_node;
20450     }
20451   TREE_TYPE (auto_node) = TREE_VEC_ELT (targs, 0);
20452 
20453   if (processing_template_decl)
20454     targs = add_to_template_args (current_template_args (), targs);
20455   return tsubst (type, targs, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
20456 }
20457 
20458 /* Substitutes LATE_RETURN_TYPE for 'auto' in TYPE and returns the
20459    result.  */
20460 
20461 tree
20462 splice_late_return_type (tree type, tree late_return_type)
20463 {
20464   tree argvec;
20465 
20466   if (late_return_type == NULL_TREE)
20467     return type;
20468   argvec = make_tree_vec (1);
20469   TREE_VEC_ELT (argvec, 0) = late_return_type;
20470   if (processing_template_parmlist)
20471     /* For a late-specified return type in a template type-parameter, we
20472        need to add a dummy argument level for its parmlist.  */
20473     argvec = add_to_template_args
20474       (make_tree_vec (processing_template_parmlist), argvec);
20475   if (current_template_parms)
20476     argvec = add_to_template_args (current_template_args (), argvec);
20477   return tsubst (type, argvec, tf_warning_or_error, NULL_TREE);
20478 }
20479 
20480 /* Returns true iff TYPE is a TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM representing 'auto'.  */
20481 
20482 bool
20483 is_auto (const_tree type)
20484 {
20485   if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
20486       && TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type) == get_identifier ("auto"))
20487     return true;
20488   else
20489     return false;
20490 }
20491 
20492 /* Returns true iff TYPE contains a use of 'auto'.  Since auto can only
20493    appear as a type-specifier for the declaration in question, we don't
20494    have to look through the whole type.  */
20495 
20496 tree
20497 type_uses_auto (tree type)
20498 {
20499   enum tree_code code;
20500   if (is_auto (type))
20501     return type;
20502 
20503   code = TREE_CODE (type);
20504 
20505   if (code == POINTER_TYPE || code == REFERENCE_TYPE
20506       || code == OFFSET_TYPE || code == FUNCTION_TYPE
20507       || code == METHOD_TYPE || code == ARRAY_TYPE)
20508     return type_uses_auto (TREE_TYPE (type));
20509 
20510   if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
20511     return type_uses_auto (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE
20512 				   (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type))));
20513 
20514   return NULL_TREE;
20515 }
20516 
20517 /* For a given template T, return the vector of typedefs referenced
20518    in T for which access check is needed at T instantiation time.
20519    T is either  a FUNCTION_DECL or a RECORD_TYPE.
20520    Those typedefs were added to T by the function
20521    append_type_to_template_for_access_check.  */
20522 
20523 VEC(qualified_typedef_usage_t,gc)*
20524 get_types_needing_access_check (tree t)
20525 {
20526   tree ti;
20527   VEC(qualified_typedef_usage_t,gc) *result = NULL;
20528 
20529   if (!t || t == error_mark_node)
20530     return NULL;
20531 
20532   if (!(ti = get_template_info (t)))
20533     return NULL;
20534 
20535   if (CLASS_TYPE_P (t)
20536       || TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL)
20537     {
20538       if (!TI_TEMPLATE (ti))
20539 	return NULL;
20540 
20541       result = TI_TYPEDEFS_NEEDING_ACCESS_CHECKING (ti);
20542     }
20543 
20544   return result;
20545 }
20546 
20547 /* Append the typedef TYPE_DECL used in template T to a list of typedefs
20548    tied to T. That list of typedefs will be access checked at
20549    T instantiation time.
20550    T is either a FUNCTION_DECL or a RECORD_TYPE.
20551    TYPE_DECL is a TYPE_DECL node representing a typedef.
20552    SCOPE is the scope through which TYPE_DECL is accessed.
20553    LOCATION is the location of the usage point of TYPE_DECL.
20554 
20555    This function is a subroutine of
20556    append_type_to_template_for_access_check.  */
20557 
20558 static void
20559 append_type_to_template_for_access_check_1 (tree t,
20560 					    tree type_decl,
20561 					    tree scope,
20562 					    location_t location)
20563 {
20564   qualified_typedef_usage_t typedef_usage;
20565   tree ti;
20566 
20567   if (!t || t == error_mark_node)
20568     return;
20569 
20570   gcc_assert ((TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL
20571 	       || CLASS_TYPE_P (t))
20572 	      && type_decl
20573 	      && TREE_CODE (type_decl) == TYPE_DECL
20574 	      && scope);
20575 
20576   if (!(ti = get_template_info (t)))
20577     return;
20578 
20579   gcc_assert (TI_TEMPLATE (ti));
20580 
20581   typedef_usage.typedef_decl = type_decl;
20582   typedef_usage.context = scope;
20583   typedef_usage.locus = location;
20584 
20585   VEC_safe_push (qualified_typedef_usage_t, gc,
20586 		 TI_TYPEDEFS_NEEDING_ACCESS_CHECKING (ti),
20587 		 &typedef_usage);
20588 }
20589 
20590 /* Append TYPE_DECL to the template TEMPL.
20591    TEMPL is either a class type, a FUNCTION_DECL or a a TEMPLATE_DECL.
20592    At TEMPL instanciation time, TYPE_DECL will be checked to see
20593    if it can be accessed through SCOPE.
20594    LOCATION is the location of the usage point of TYPE_DECL.
20595 
20596    e.g. consider the following code snippet:
20597 
20598      class C
20599      {
20600        typedef int myint;
20601      };
20602 
20603      template<class U> struct S
20604      {
20605        C::myint mi; // <-- usage point of the typedef C::myint
20606      };
20607 
20608      S<char> s;
20609 
20610    At S<char> instantiation time, we need to check the access of C::myint
20611    In other words, we need to check the access of the myint typedef through
20612    the C scope. For that purpose, this function will add the myint typedef
20613    and the scope C through which its being accessed to a list of typedefs
20614    tied to the template S. That list will be walked at template instantiation
20615    time and access check performed on each typedefs it contains.
20616    Note that this particular code snippet should yield an error because
20617    myint is private to C.  */
20618 
20619 void
20620 append_type_to_template_for_access_check (tree templ,
20621                                           tree type_decl,
20622 					  tree scope,
20623 					  location_t location)
20624 {
20625   qualified_typedef_usage_t *iter;
20626   int i;
20627 
20628   gcc_assert (type_decl && (TREE_CODE (type_decl) == TYPE_DECL));
20629 
20630   /* Make sure we don't append the type to the template twice.  */
20631   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (qualified_typedef_usage_t,
20632 		    get_types_needing_access_check (templ),
20633 		    i, iter)
20634     if (iter->typedef_decl == type_decl && scope == iter->context)
20635       return;
20636 
20637   append_type_to_template_for_access_check_1 (templ, type_decl,
20638 					      scope, location);
20639 }
20640 
20641 /* Set up the hash tables for template instantiations.  */
20642 
20643 void
20644 init_template_processing (void)
20645 {
20646   decl_specializations = htab_create_ggc (37,
20647 					  hash_specialization,
20648 					  eq_specializations,
20649 					  ggc_free);
20650   type_specializations = htab_create_ggc (37,
20651 					  hash_specialization,
20652 					  eq_specializations,
20653 					  ggc_free);
20654 }
20655 
20656 /* Print stats about the template hash tables for -fstats.  */
20657 
20658 void
20659 print_template_statistics (void)
20660 {
20661   fprintf (stderr, "decl_specializations: size %ld, %ld elements, "
20662 	   "%f collisions\n", (long) htab_size (decl_specializations),
20663 	   (long) htab_elements (decl_specializations),
20664 	   htab_collisions (decl_specializations));
20665   fprintf (stderr, "type_specializations: size %ld, %ld elements, "
20666 	   "%f collisions\n", (long) htab_size (type_specializations),
20667 	   (long) htab_elements (type_specializations),
20668 	   htab_collisions (type_specializations));
20669 }
20670 
20671 #include "gt-cp-pt.h"
20672