1.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Christoph Herrmann, Thomas-Henning von Kamptz 2.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Christoph Herrmann and Thomas-Henning von Kamptz, Munich and Frankfurt. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgment: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors, as well as Christoph 20.\" Herrmann and Thomas-Henning von Kamptz. 21.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23.\" without specific prior written permission. 24.\" 25.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 36.\" 37.\" $TSHeader: src/sbin/growfs/growfs.8,v 1.3 2000/12/12 19:31:00 tomsoft Exp $ 38.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/growfs/growfs.8,v 1.6.2.6 2003/01/26 03:30:25 keramida Exp $ 39.\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/growfs/growfs.8,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:27:33 dillon Exp $ 40.\" 41.Dd September 8, 2000 42.Dt GROWFS 8 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm growfs 46.Nd grow size of an existing ufs file system 47.Sh SYNOPSIS 48.Nm 49.Op Fl Ny 50.Op Fl s Ar size 51.Ar special 52.Sh DESCRIPTION 53The 54.Nm 55utility extends the 56.Xr newfs 8 57program. 58Before starting 59.Nm 60the disk must be labeled to a bigger size using 61.Xr disklabel 8 . 62If you wish to grow a file system beyond the boundary of 63the slice it resides in, you must re-size the slice using 64.Xr fdisk 8 65before running 66.Nm . 67If you are using volumes you must enlarge them by using 68.Xr vinum 8 . 69The 70.Nm 71utility extends the size of the file system on the specified special file. 72Currently 73.Nm 74can only enlarge unmounted file systems. 75Do not try enlarging a mounted file system, your system may panic and you will 76not be able to use the file system any longer. 77Most of the 78.Xr newfs 8 79options cannot be changed by 80.Nm . 81In fact, you can only increase the size of the file system. 82Use 83.Xr tunefs 8 84for other changes. 85.Pp 86The following options are available: 87.Bl -tag -width indent 88.It Fl N 89.Dq Test mode . 90Causes the new file system parameters to be printed out without actually 91enlarging the file system. 92.It Fl y 93.Dq Expert mode . 94Usually 95.Nm 96will ask you if you took a backup of your data before and will do some tests 97whether 98.Ar special 99is currently mounted or whether there are any active snapshots on the file 100system specified. 101This will be suppressed. 102So use this option with great care! 103.It Fl s Ar size 104Determines the 105.Ar size 106of the file system after enlarging in sectors. 107This value defaults to the size of the raw partition specified in 108.Ar special 109(in other words, 110.Nm 111will enlarge the file system to the size of the entire partition). 112.El 113.Sh EXAMPLES 114.Dl growfs -s 4194304 /dev/vinum/testvol 115.Pp 116will enlarge 117.Pa /dev/vinum/testvol 118up to 2GB if there is enough space in 119.Pa /dev/vinum/testvol . 120.Sh BUGS 121The 122.Nm 123utility works starting with 124.Fx 1253.x. 126There may be cases on 127.Fx 1283.x only, when 129.Nm 130does not recognize properly whether or not the file system is mounted and 131exits with an error message. 132Then please use 133.Nm 134.Fl y 135if you are sure that the file system is not mounted. 136It is also recommended to always use 137.Xr fsck 8 138after enlarging (just to be on the safe side). 139.Pp 140For enlarging beyond certain limits, it is essential to have some free blocks 141available in the first cylinder group. 142If that space is not available in the first cylinder group, a critical data 143structure has to be relocated into one of the new available cylinder groups. 144On 145.Fx 1463.x this will cause problems with 147.Xr fsck 8 148afterwards. 149So 150.Xr fsck 8 151needs to be patched if you want to use 152.Nm 153for 154.Fx 1553.x. 156This patch is already integrated in 157.Fx 158starting with 159.Fx 4.4 . 160To avoid an unexpected relocation of that structure it is possible to use 161.Nm ffsinfo 162.Fl c Ar 0 163on the first cylinder group to verify that 164.Em nbfree 165in the CYLINDER SUMMARY (internal cs) of the CYLINDER GROUP 166.Em cgr0 167has enough blocks. 168As a rule of thumb for default file system parameters one block is needed for 169every 2 GB of total file system size. 170.Pp 171Normally 172.Nm 173writes this critical structure to disk and reads it again later for doing more 174updates. 175This read operation will provide unexpected data when using 176.Fl N . 177Therefore, this part cannot really be simulated and will be skipped in test 178mode. 179.Sh SEE ALSO 180.Xr disklabel 8 , 181.Xr dumpfs 8 , 182.Xr fdisk 8 , 183.Xr ffsinfo 8 , 184.Xr fsck 8 , 185.Xr newfs 8 , 186.Xr tunefs 8 , 187.Xr vinum 8 188.Sh AUTHORS 189.An Christoph Herrmann Aq chm@FreeBSD.org 190.An Thomas-Henning von Kamptz Aq tomsoft@FreeBSD.org 191.An The GROWFS team Aq growfs@Tomsoft.COM 192.Sh HISTORY 193The 194.Nm 195utility first appeared in 196.Fx 4.4 . 197