xref: /dragonfly/sbin/ping6/ping6.c (revision 7d2302ac)
1 /*	$KAME: ping6.c,v 1.169 2003/07/25 06:01:47 itojun Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
32  * @(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping6/ping6.c,v 1.30 2007/04/19 15:41:00 mtm Exp $
34  */
35 
36 /*	BSDI	ping.c,v 2.3 1996/01/21 17:56:50 jch Exp	*/
37 
38 /*
39  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
40  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
43  * Mike Muuss.
44  *
45  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
46  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
47  * are met:
48  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
50  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
51  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
52  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
53  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  */
69 
70 /*
71  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
72  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
73  *
74  * Author -
75  *	Mike Muuss
76  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
77  *	December, 1983
78  *
79  * Status -
80  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
81  * Bugs -
82  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
83  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
84  */
85 /*
86  * NOTE:
87  * USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID assumes that sin6_scope_id has the same semantics
88  * as IPV6_PKTINFO.  Some people object it (sin6_scope_id specifies *link*
89  * while IPV6_PKTINFO specifies *interface*.  Link is defined as collection of
90  * network attached to 1 or more interfaces)
91  */
92 
93 #include <sys/param.h>
94 #include <sys/uio.h>
95 #include <sys/socket.h>
96 #include <sys/time.h>
97 
98 #include <net/if.h>
99 #include <net/route.h>
100 
101 #include <netinet/in.h>
102 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
103 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
104 #include <arpa/inet.h>
105 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
106 #include <netdb.h>
107 
108 #include <ctype.h>
109 #include <err.h>
110 #include <errno.h>
111 #include <fcntl.h>
112 #include <math.h>
113 #include <signal.h>
114 #include <stdio.h>
115 #include <stdlib.h>
116 #include <string.h>
117 #include <unistd.h>
118 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
119 #include <poll.h>
120 #endif
121 
122 #include <openssl/md5.h>
123 
124 struct tv32 {
125 	u_int32_t tv32_sec;
126 	u_int32_t tv32_usec;
127 };
128 
129 #define MAXPACKETLEN	131072
130 #define	IP6LEN		40
131 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN	8	/* icmp echo header len excluding time */
132 #define ICMP6ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct tv32)
133 #define ICMP6_NIQLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 8)
134 #define CONTROLLEN	10240	/* ancillary data buffer size RFC3542 20.1 */
135 /* FQDN case, 64 bits of nonce + 32 bits ttl */
136 #define ICMP6_NIRLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 12)
137 #define	EXTRA		256	/* for AH and various other headers. weird. */
138 #define	DEFDATALEN	ICMP6ECHOTMLEN
139 #define MAXDATALEN	MAXPACKETLEN - IP6LEN - ICMP6ECHOLEN
140 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
141 
142 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
143 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
144 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
145 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
146 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
147 
148 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
149 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
150 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
151 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
152 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
153 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
154 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
155 #define F_NODEADDR	0x0800
156 #define F_FQDN		0x1000
157 #define F_INTERFACE	0x2000
158 #define F_SRCADDR	0x4000
159 #define F_HOSTNAME	0x10000
160 #define F_FQDNOLD	0x20000
161 #define F_NIGROUP	0x40000
162 #define F_SUPTYPES	0x80000
163 #define F_NOMINMTU	0x100000
164 #define F_NOUSERDATA	(F_NODEADDR | F_FQDN | F_FQDNOLD | F_SUPTYPES)
165 u_int options;
166 
167 #define IN6LEN		sizeof(struct in6_addr)
168 #define SA6LEN		sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
169 #define DUMMY_PORT	10101
170 
171 #define SIN6(s)	((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(s))
172 
173 /*
174  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
175  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
176  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
177  */
178 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 8192)
179 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
180 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
181 
182 struct addrinfo *res;
183 struct sockaddr_in6 dst;	/* who to ping6 */
184 struct sockaddr_in6 src;	/* src addr of this packet */
185 socklen_t srclen;
186 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
187 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
188 u_char outpack[MAXPACKETLEN];
189 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
190 char DOT = '.';
191 char *hostname;
192 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
193 u_int8_t nonce[8];		/* nonce field for node information */
194 int hoplimit = -1;		/* hoplimit */
195 int pathmtu = 0;		/* path MTU for the destination.  0 = unspec. */
196 
197 /* counters */
198 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
199 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
200 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
201 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
202 struct timeval interval = {1, 0}; /* interval between packets */
203 
204 /* timing */
205 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
206 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
207 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
208 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
209 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
210 
211 /* for node addresses */
212 u_short naflags;
213 
214 /* for ancillary data(advanced API) */
215 struct msghdr smsghdr;
216 struct iovec smsgiov;
217 char *scmsg = NULL;
218 
219 volatile sig_atomic_t seenalrm;
220 volatile sig_atomic_t seenint;
221 #ifdef SIGINFO
222 volatile sig_atomic_t seeninfo;
223 #endif
224 
225 void	 fill(char *, char *);
226 int	 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
227 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
228 int	 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *);
229 #else
230 #define get_pathmtu(mhdr) (0)
231 #endif
232 struct in6_pktinfo *get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *);
233 void	 onsignal(int);
234 void	 retransmit(void);
235 void	 onint(int) __dead2;
236 size_t	 pingerlen(void);
237 int	 pinger(void);
238 const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, int);
239 void	 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *);
240 void	 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *);
241 void	 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, size_t);
242 void	 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, int);
243 int	 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *);
244 int	 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *);
245 char *dnsdecode(const u_char **, const u_char *, const u_char *,
246 	char *, size_t);
247 void	 pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *);
248 void	 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *);
249 void	 pr_ip6opt(void *, size_t);
250 void	 pr_rthdr(void *, size_t);
251 int	 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t, int, int);
252 void	 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
253 void	 summary(void);
254 void	 tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
255 int	 setpolicy(int, char *);
256 char	*nigroup(char *);
257 void	 usage(void) __dead2;
258 
259 int
260 main(int argc, char **argv)
261 {
262 	struct itimerval itimer;
263 	struct sockaddr_in6 from;
264 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
265 	struct timeval seed;
266 #endif
267 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
268 	int timeout;
269 #else
270 	struct timeval timeout, *tv;
271 #endif
272 	struct addrinfo hints;
273 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
274 	struct pollfd fdmaskp[1];
275 #else
276 	fd_set *fdmaskp;
277 	int fdmasks;
278 #endif
279 	int cc, i;
280 	int ch, hold, packlen, preload, optval, ret_ga;
281 	u_char *datap, *packet;
282 	char *e, *target, *ifname = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
283 	int ip6optlen = 0;
284 	struct cmsghdr *scmsgp = NULL;
285 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
286 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
287 	u_long lsockbufsize;
288 	int sockbufsize = 0;
289 #endif
290 	int usepktinfo = 0;
291 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
292 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
293 	struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr = NULL;
294 #endif
295 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
296 	int mflag = 0;
297 #endif
298 	double intval;
299 
300 	/* just to be sure */
301 	memset(&smsghdr, 0, sizeof(smsghdr));
302 	memset(&smsgiov, 0, sizeof(smsgiov));
303 
304 	preload = 0;
305 	datap = &outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN];
306 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "a:b:c:dfHg:h:I:i:l:mnNp:qS:s:tvwW")) != -1) {
307 		switch (ch) {
308 		case 'a':
309 		{
310 			char *cp;
311 
312 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
313 			options |= F_NODEADDR;
314 			for (cp = optarg; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
315 				switch (*cp) {
316 				case 'a':
317 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ALL;
318 					break;
319 				case 'c':
320 				case 'C':
321 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_COMPAT;
322 					break;
323 				case 'l':
324 				case 'L':
325 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_LINKLOCAL;
326 					break;
327 				case 's':
328 				case 'S':
329 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_SITELOCAL;
330 					break;
331 				case 'g':
332 				case 'G':
333 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_GLOBAL;
334 					break;
335 				case 'A': /* experimental. not in the spec */
336 #ifdef NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST
337 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST;
338 					break;
339 #else
340 					errx(1,
341 "-a A is not supported on the platform");
342 					/*NOTREACHED*/
343 #endif
344 				default:
345 					usage();
346 					/*NOTREACHED*/
347 				}
348 			}
349 			break;
350 		}
351 		case 'b':
352 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
353 			errno = 0;
354 			e = NULL;
355 			lsockbufsize = strtoul(optarg, &e, 10);
356 			sockbufsize = lsockbufsize;
357 			if (errno || !*optarg || *e ||
358 			    sockbufsize != (long)lsockbufsize)
359 				errx(1, "invalid socket buffer size");
360 #else
361 			errx(1,
362 "-b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported");
363 #endif
364 			break;
365 		case 'c':
366 			npackets = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
367 			if (npackets <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
368 				errx(1,
369 				    "illegal number of packets -- %s", optarg);
370 			break;
371 		case 'd':
372 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
373 			break;
374 		case 'f':
375 			if (getuid()) {
376 				errno = EPERM;
377 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to flood ping");
378 			}
379 			options |= F_FLOOD;
380 			setbuf(stdout, NULL);
381 			break;
382 		case 'g':
383 			gateway = optarg;
384 			break;
385 		case 'H':
386 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
387 			break;
388 		case 'h':		/* hoplimit */
389 			hoplimit = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
390 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
391 				errx(1, "illegal hoplimit %s", optarg);
392 			if (255 < hoplimit || hoplimit < -1)
393 				errx(1,
394 				    "illegal hoplimit -- %s", optarg);
395 			break;
396 		case 'I':
397 			ifname = optarg;
398 			options |= F_INTERFACE;
399 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
400 			usepktinfo++;
401 #endif
402 			break;
403 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
404 			intval = strtod(optarg, &e);
405 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
406 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
407 			if (intval < 1 && getuid()) {
408 				errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
409 				    strerror(EPERM));
410 			}
411 			interval.tv_sec = (long)intval;
412 			interval.tv_usec =
413 			    (long)((intval - interval.tv_sec) * 1000000);
414 			if (interval.tv_sec < 0)
415 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
416 			/* less than 1/hz does not make sense */
417 			if (interval.tv_sec == 0 && interval.tv_usec < 10000) {
418 				warnx("too small interval, raised to 0.01");
419 				interval.tv_usec = 10000;
420 			}
421 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
422 			break;
423 		case 'l':
424 			if (getuid()) {
425 				errno = EPERM;
426 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to preload");
427 			}
428 			preload = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
429 			if (preload < 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
430 				errx(1, "illegal preload value -- %s", optarg);
431 			break;
432 		case 'm':
433 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
434 			mflag++;
435 			break;
436 #else
437 			errx(1, "-%c is not supported on this platform", ch);
438 			/*NOTREACHED*/
439 #endif
440 		case 'n':
441 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
442 			break;
443 		case 'N':
444 			options |= F_NIGROUP;
445 			break;
446 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
447 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
448 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
449 				break;
450 		case 'q':
451 			options |= F_QUIET;
452 			break;
453 		case 'S':
454 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
455 			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; /* allow hostname? */
456 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
457 			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
458 			hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
459 
460 			ret_ga = getaddrinfo(optarg, NULL, &hints, &res);
461 			if (ret_ga) {
462 				errx(1, "invalid source address: %s",
463 				     gai_strerror(ret_ga));
464 			}
465 			/*
466 			 * res->ai_family must be AF_INET6 and res->ai_addrlen
467 			 * must be sizeof(src).
468 			 */
469 			memcpy(&src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
470 			srclen = res->ai_addrlen;
471 			freeaddrinfo(res);
472 			options |= F_SRCADDR;
473 			break;
474 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
475 			datalen = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
476 			if (datalen <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
477 				errx(1, "illegal datalen value -- %s", optarg);
478 			if (datalen > MAXDATALEN) {
479 				errx(1,
480 				    "datalen value too large, maximum is %d",
481 				    MAXDATALEN);
482 			}
483 			break;
484 		case 't':
485 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
486 			options |= F_SUPTYPES;
487 			break;
488 		case 'v':
489 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
490 			break;
491 		case 'w':
492 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
493 			options |= F_FQDN;
494 			break;
495 		case 'W':
496 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
497 			options |= F_FQDNOLD;
498 			break;
499 		default:
500 			usage();
501 			/*NOTREACHED*/
502 		}
503 	}
504 
505 	argc -= optind;
506 	argv += optind;
507 
508 	if (argc < 1) {
509 		usage();
510 		/*NOTREACHED*/
511 	}
512 	if (argc > 1) {
513 		errx(1, "too many arguments");
514 		/*NOTREACHED*/
515 	}
516 
517 	if (options & F_NIGROUP) {
518 		target = nigroup(argv[argc - 1]);
519 		if (target == NULL) {
520 			usage();
521 			/*NOTREACHED*/
522 		}
523 	} else
524 		target = argv[argc - 1];
525 
526 	/* getaddrinfo */
527 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
528 	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
529 	hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
530 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
531 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
532 
533 	ret_ga = getaddrinfo(target, NULL, &hints, &res);
534 	if (ret_ga)
535 		errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(ret_ga));
536 	if (res->ai_canonname)
537 		hostname = res->ai_canonname;
538 	else
539 		hostname = target;
540 
541 	if (!res->ai_addr)
542 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo failed");
543 
544 	memcpy(&dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
545 
546 	if ((s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
547 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
548 		err(1, "socket");
549 
550 	/* set the source address if specified. */
551 	if ((options & F_SRCADDR) &&
552 	    bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&src, srclen) != 0) {
553 		err(1, "bind");
554 	}
555 
556 	/* set the gateway (next hop) if specified */
557 	if (gateway) {
558 		struct addrinfo ghints, *gres;
559 		int error;
560 
561 		memset(&ghints, 0, sizeof(ghints));
562 		ghints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
563 		ghints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
564 		ghints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
565 
566 		error = getaddrinfo(gateway, NULL, &hints, &gres);
567 		if (error) {
568 			errx(1, "getaddrinfo for the gateway %s: %s",
569 			     gateway, gai_strerror(error));
570 		}
571 		if (gres->ai_next && (options & F_VERBOSE))
572 			warnx("gateway resolves to multiple addresses");
573 
574 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_NEXTHOP,
575 			       gres->ai_addr, gres->ai_addrlen)) {
576 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_NEXTHOP)");
577 		}
578 
579 		freeaddrinfo(gres);
580 	}
581 
582 	/*
583 	 * let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets,
584 	 * for privileged socket options
585 	 */
586 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
587 		int opton = 1;
588 
589 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
590 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton,
591 		    sizeof(opton)))
592 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)");
593 #else  /* old adv. API */
594 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPOPTS, &opton,
595 		    sizeof(opton)))
596 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPOPTS)");
597 #endif
598 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
599 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton,
600 		    sizeof(opton)))
601 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)");
602 #else  /* old adv. API */
603 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DSTOPTS, &opton,
604 		    sizeof(opton)))
605 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DSTOPTS)");
606 #endif
607 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
608 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS, &opton,
609 		    sizeof(opton)))
610 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS)");
611 #endif
612 	}
613 
614 	/* revoke root privilege */
615 	seteuid(getuid());
616 	setuid(getuid());
617 
618 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL))
619 		errx(1, "-f and -i incompatible options");
620 
621 	if ((options & F_NOUSERDATA) == 0) {
622 		if (datalen >= (int)sizeof(struct tv32)) {
623 			/* we can time transfer */
624 			timing = 1;
625 		} else
626 			timing = 0;
627 		/* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/
628 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
629 			packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
630 		else
631 			packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
632 	} else {
633 		/* suppress timing for node information query */
634 		timing = 0;
635 		datalen = 2048;
636 		packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
637 	}
638 
639 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
640 		err(1, "Unable to allocate packet");
641 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
642 		for (i = ICMP6ECHOLEN; i < packlen; ++i)
643 			*datap++ = i;
644 
645 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
646 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
647 	gettimeofday(&seed, NULL);
648 	srand((unsigned int)(seed.tv_sec ^ seed.tv_usec ^ (long)ident));
649 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
650 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(int))
651 		*((int *)&nonce[i]) = rand();
652 #else
653 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
654 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(u_int32_t))
655 		*((u_int32_t *)&nonce[i]) = arc4random();
656 #endif
657 
658 	hold = 1;
659 
660 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
661 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
662 		    sizeof(hold));
663 	optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
664 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
665 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
666 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
667 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
668 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
669 	if (mflag != 1) {
670 		optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1;
671 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU,
672 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
673 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)");
674 	}
675 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
676 	else {
677 		optval = 1;
678 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU,
679 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
680 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)");
681 	}
682 #endif /* IPV6_RECVPATHMTU */
683 #endif /* IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU */
684 
685 #ifdef ICMP6_FILTER
686     {
687 	struct icmp6_filter filt;
688 	if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) {
689 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt);
690 		if ((options & F_FQDN) || (options & F_FQDNOLD) ||
691 		    (options & F_NODEADDR) || (options & F_SUPTYPES))
692 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_NI_REPLY, &filt);
693 		else
694 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt);
695 	} else {
696 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt);
697 	}
698 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt,
699 	    sizeof(filt)) < 0)
700 		err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)");
701     }
702 #endif /*ICMP6_FILTER*/
703 
704 	/* let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets */
705 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
706 		int opton = 1;
707 
708 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
709 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton,
710 		    sizeof(opton)))
711 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)");
712 #else  /* old adv. API */
713 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, &opton,
714 		    sizeof(opton)))
715 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
716 #endif
717 	}
718 
719 /*
720 	optval = 1;
721 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
722 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
723 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
724 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
725 */
726 
727 	/* Specify the outgoing interface and/or the source address */
728 	if (usepktinfo)
729 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
730 
731 	if (hoplimit != -1)
732 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
733 
734 	/* set IP6 packet options */
735 	if (ip6optlen) {
736 		if ((scmsg = (char *)malloc(ip6optlen)) == NULL)
737 			errx(1, "can't allocate enough memory");
738 		smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg;
739 		smsghdr.msg_controllen = ip6optlen;
740 		scmsgp = (struct cmsghdr *)scmsg;
741 	}
742 	if (usepktinfo) {
743 		pktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp));
744 		memset(pktinfo, 0, sizeof(*pktinfo));
745 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
746 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
747 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
748 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
749 	}
750 
751 	/* set the outgoing interface */
752 	if (ifname) {
753 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
754 		/* pktinfo must have already been allocated */
755 		if ((pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
756 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
757 #else
758 		if ((dst.sin6_scope_id = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
759 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
760 #endif
761 	}
762 	if (hoplimit != -1) {
763 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
764 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
765 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT;
766 		*(int *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp)) = hoplimit;
767 
768 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
769 	}
770 
771 	if (!(options & F_SRCADDR)) {
772 		/*
773 		 * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root
774 		 * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this.
775 		 */
776 		int dummy;
777 		socklen_t len = sizeof(src);
778 
779 		if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
780 			err(1, "UDP socket");
781 
782 		src.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
783 		src.sin6_addr = dst.sin6_addr;
784 		src.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT);
785 		src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
786 
787 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
788 		if (pktinfo &&
789 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
790 		    (void *)pktinfo, sizeof(*pktinfo)))
791 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
792 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
793 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
794 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
795 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)");
796 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
797 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
798 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
799 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)");
800 		if (rthdr &&
801 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
802 		    (void *)rthdr, (rthdr->ip6r_len + 1) << 3))
803 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
804 #else  /* old advanced API */
805 		if (smsghdr.msg_control &&
806 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
807 		    (void *)smsghdr.msg_control, smsghdr.msg_controllen))
808 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS)");
809 #endif
810 
811 		if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, len) < 0)
812 			err(1, "UDP connect");
813 
814 		if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, &len) < 0)
815 			err(1, "getsockname");
816 
817 		close(dummy);
818 	}
819 
820 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
821 	if (sockbufsize) {
822 		if (datalen > sockbufsize)
823 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
824 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
825 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
826 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
827 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
828 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
829 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF)");
830 	}
831 	else {
832 		if (datalen > 8 * 1024)	/*XXX*/
833 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
834 		/*
835 		 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of
836 		 * answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying
837 		 * to stress the ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache
838 		 * to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
839 		 */
840 		hold = 48 * 1024;
841 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
842 		    sizeof(hold));
843 	}
844 #endif
845 
846 	optval = 1;
847 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
848 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
849 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval,
850 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
851 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
852 #else  /* old adv. API */
853 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &optval,
854 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
855 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
856 #endif
857 #endif /* USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID */
858 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
859 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval,
860 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
861 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
862 #else  /* old adv. API */
863 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &optval,
864 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
865 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
866 #endif
867 
868 	printf("PING6(%lu=40+8+%lu bytes) ", (unsigned long)(40 + pingerlen()),
869 	    (unsigned long)(pingerlen() - 8));
870 	printf("%s --> ", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&src, sizeof(src)));
871 	printf("%s\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)));
872 
873 	while (preload--)		/* Fire off them quickies. */
874 		pinger();
875 
876 	signal(SIGINT, onsignal);
877 #ifdef SIGINFO
878 	signal(SIGINFO, onsignal);
879 #endif
880 
881 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) {
882 		signal(SIGALRM, onsignal);
883 		itimer.it_interval = interval;
884 		itimer.it_value = interval;
885 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
886 		if (ntransmitted == 0)
887 			retransmit();
888 	}
889 
890 #ifndef HAVE_POLL_H
891 	fdmasks = howmany(s + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
892 	if ((fdmaskp = malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
893 		err(1, "malloc");
894 #endif
895 
896 	seenalrm = seenint = 0;
897 #ifdef SIGINFO
898 	seeninfo = 0;
899 #endif
900 
901 	/* For control (ancillary) data received from recvmsg() */
902 	cm = (struct cmsghdr *)malloc(CONTROLLEN);
903 	if (cm == NULL)
904 		err(1, "malloc");
905 
906 	for (;;) {
907 		struct msghdr m;
908 		struct iovec iov[2];
909 
910 		/* signal handling */
911 		if (seenalrm) {
912 			retransmit();
913 			seenalrm = 0;
914 			continue;
915 		}
916 		if (seenint) {
917 			onint(SIGINT);
918 			seenint = 0;
919 			continue;
920 		}
921 #ifdef SIGINFO
922 		if (seeninfo) {
923 			summary();
924 			seeninfo = 0;
925 			continue;
926 		}
927 #endif
928 
929 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
930 			pinger();
931 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
932 			timeout = 10;
933 #else
934 			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
935 			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
936 			tv = &timeout;
937 #endif
938 		} else {
939 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
940 			timeout = INFTIM;
941 #else
942 			tv = NULL;
943 #endif
944 		}
945 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
946 		fdmaskp[0].fd = s;
947 		fdmaskp[0].events = POLLIN;
948 		cc = poll(fdmaskp, 1, timeout);
949 #else
950 		memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
951 		FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
952 		cc = select(s + 1, fdmaskp, NULL, NULL, tv);
953 #endif
954 		if (cc < 0) {
955 			if (errno != EINTR) {
956 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
957 				warn("poll");
958 #else
959 				warn("select");
960 #endif
961 				sleep(1);
962 			}
963 			continue;
964 		} else if (cc == 0)
965 			continue;
966 
967 		m.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
968 		m.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
969 		memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
970 		iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
971 		iov[0].iov_len = packlen;
972 		m.msg_iov = iov;
973 		m.msg_iovlen = 1;
974 		memset(cm, 0, CONTROLLEN);
975 		m.msg_control = (void *)cm;
976 		m.msg_controllen = CONTROLLEN;
977 
978 		cc = recvmsg(s, &m, 0);
979 		if (cc < 0) {
980 			if (errno != EINTR) {
981 				warn("recvmsg");
982 				sleep(1);
983 			}
984 			continue;
985 		} else if (cc == 0) {
986 			int mtu;
987 
988 			/*
989 			 * receive control messages only. Process the
990 			 * exceptions (currently the only possiblity is
991 			 * a path MTU notification.)
992 			 */
993 			if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m)) > 0) {
994 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
995 					printf("new path MTU (%d) is "
996 					    "notified\n", mtu);
997 				}
998 			}
999 			continue;
1000 		} else {
1001 			/*
1002 			 * an ICMPv6 message (probably an echoreply) arrived.
1003 			 */
1004 			pr_pack(packet, cc, &m);
1005 		}
1006 		if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
1007 			break;
1008 	}
1009 	summary();
1010 	exit(nreceived == 0);
1011 }
1012 
1013 void
1014 onsignal(int sig)
1015 {
1016 	switch (sig) {
1017 	case SIGALRM:
1018 		seenalrm++;
1019 		break;
1020 	case SIGINT:
1021 		seenint++;
1022 		break;
1023 #ifdef SIGINFO
1024 	case SIGINFO:
1025 		seeninfo++;
1026 		break;
1027 #endif
1028 	}
1029 }
1030 
1031 /*
1032  * retransmit --
1033  *	This routine transmits another ping6.
1034  */
1035 void
1036 retransmit(void)
1037 {
1038 	struct itimerval itimer;
1039 
1040 	if (pinger() == 0)
1041 		return;
1042 
1043 	/*
1044 	 * If we're not transmitting any more packets, change the timer
1045 	 * to wait two round-trip times if we've received any packets or
1046 	 * ten seconds if we haven't.
1047 	 */
1048 #define	MAXWAIT		10
1049 	if (nreceived) {
1050 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec =  2 * tmax / 1000;
1051 		if (itimer.it_value.tv_sec == 0)
1052 			itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
1053 	} else
1054 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
1055 	itimer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
1056 	itimer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
1057 	itimer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
1058 
1059 	signal(SIGALRM, onint);
1060 	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
1061 }
1062 
1063 /*
1064  * pinger --
1065  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1066  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1067  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
1068  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
1069  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1070  */
1071 size_t
1072 pingerlen(void)
1073 {
1074 	size_t l;
1075 
1076 	if (options & F_FQDN)
1077 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1078 	else if (options & F_FQDNOLD)
1079 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1080 	else if (options & F_NODEADDR)
1081 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1082 	else if (options & F_SUPTYPES)
1083 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1084 	else
1085 		l = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1086 
1087 	return l;
1088 }
1089 
1090 int
1091 pinger(void)
1092 {
1093 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1094 	struct iovec iov[2];
1095 	int i, cc;
1096 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip;
1097 	int seq;
1098 
1099 	if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets)
1100 		return(-1);	/* no more transmission */
1101 
1102 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack;
1103 	nip = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)outpack;
1104 	memset(icp, 0, sizeof(*icp));
1105 	icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1106 	seq = ntransmitted++;
1107 	CLR(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1108 
1109 	if (options & F_FQDN) {
1110 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1111 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1112 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1113 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1114 
1115 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1116 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1117 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1118 
1119 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1120 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1121 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1122 		datalen = 0;
1123 	} else if (options & F_FQDNOLD) {
1124 		/* packet format in 03 draft - no Subject data on queries */
1125 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1126 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;	/* code field is always 0 */
1127 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1128 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1129 
1130 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1131 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1132 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1133 
1134 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1135 		datalen = 0;
1136 	} else if (options & F_NODEADDR) {
1137 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1138 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1139 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR);
1140 		nip->ni_flags = naflags;
1141 
1142 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1143 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1144 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1145 
1146 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1147 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1148 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1149 		datalen = 0;
1150 	} else if (options & F_SUPTYPES) {
1151 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1152 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN;	/*empty*/
1153 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES);
1154 		/* we support compressed bitmap */
1155 		nip->ni_flags = NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS;
1156 
1157 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1158 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1159 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1160 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1161 		datalen = 0;
1162 	} else {
1163 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1164 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1165 		icp->icmp6_id = htons(ident);
1166 		icp->icmp6_seq = ntohs(seq);
1167 		if (timing) {
1168 			struct timeval tv;
1169 			struct tv32 *tv32;
1170 			gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1171 			tv32 = (struct tv32 *)&outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN];
1172 			tv32->tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1173 			tv32->tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
1174 		}
1175 		cc = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1176 	}
1177 
1178 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1179 	if (pingerlen() != cc)
1180 		errx(1, "internal error; length mismatch");
1181 #endif
1182 
1183 	smsghdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&dst;
1184 	smsghdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(dst);
1185 	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1186 	iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack;
1187 	iov[0].iov_len = cc;
1188 	smsghdr.msg_iov = iov;
1189 	smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
1190 
1191 	i = sendmsg(s, &smsghdr, 0);
1192 
1193 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1194 		if (i < 0)
1195 			warn("sendmsg");
1196 		printf("ping6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i);
1197 	}
1198 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1199 		write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1200 
1201 	return(0);
1202 }
1203 
1204 int
1205 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *icp)
1206 {
1207 	if (ntohs(icp->icmp6_id) == ident)
1208 		return 1;
1209 	else
1210 		return 0;
1211 }
1212 
1213 int
1214 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip)
1215 {
1216 	if (memcmp(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1217 	    nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1218 	    sizeof(nonce) - sizeof(u_int16_t)) == 0)
1219 		return 1;
1220 	else
1221 		return 0;
1222 }
1223 
1224 char *
1225 dnsdecode(const u_char **sp, const u_char *ep, const u_char *base, char *buf,
1226 	  size_t bufsiz)
1227 {
1228 	int i = 0;
1229 	const u_char *cp;
1230 	char cresult[MAXDNAME + 1];
1231 	const u_char *comp;
1232 	int l;
1233 
1234 	cp = *sp;
1235 	*buf = '\0';
1236 
1237 	if (cp >= ep)
1238 		return NULL;
1239 	while (cp < ep) {
1240 		i = *cp;
1241 		if (i == 0 || cp != *sp) {
1242 			if (strlcat((char *)buf, ".", bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1243 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1244 		}
1245 		if (i == 0)
1246 			break;
1247 		cp++;
1248 
1249 		if ((i & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && cp - base > (i & 0x3f)) {
1250 			/* DNS compression */
1251 			if (!base)
1252 				return NULL;
1253 
1254 			comp = base + (i & 0x3f);
1255 			if (dnsdecode(&comp, cp, base, cresult,
1256 			    sizeof(cresult)) == NULL)
1257 				return NULL;
1258 			if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1259 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1260 			break;
1261 		} else if ((i & 0x3f) == i) {
1262 			if (i > ep - cp)
1263 				return NULL;	/*source overrun*/
1264 			while (i-- > 0 && cp < ep) {
1265 				l = snprintf(cresult, sizeof(cresult),
1266 				    isprint(*cp) ? "%c" : "\\%03o", *cp & 0xff);
1267 				if (l >= (int)sizeof(cresult) || l < 0)
1268 					return NULL;
1269 				if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1270 					return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1271 				cp++;
1272 			}
1273 		} else
1274 			return NULL;	/*invalid label*/
1275 	}
1276 	if (i != 0)
1277 		return NULL;	/*not terminated*/
1278 	cp++;
1279 	*sp = cp;
1280 	return buf;
1281 }
1282 
1283 /*
1284  * pr_pack --
1285  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1286  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1287  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1288  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1289  */
1290 void
1291 pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr)
1292 {
1293 #define safeputc(c)	printf((isprint((c)) ? "%c" : "\\%03o"), c)
1294 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1295 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
1296 	int i;
1297 	int hoplim;
1298 	struct sockaddr *from;
1299 	int fromlen;
1300 	u_char *cp = NULL, *dp, *end = buf + cc;
1301 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
1302 	struct timeval tv, tp;
1303 	struct tv32 *tpp;
1304 	double triptime = 0;
1305 	int dupflag;
1306 	size_t off;
1307 	int oldfqdn;
1308 	u_int16_t seq;
1309 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
1310 
1311 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1312 
1313 	if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name ||
1314 	    mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) ||
1315 	    ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) {
1316 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1317 			warnx("invalid peername");
1318 		return;
1319 	}
1320 	from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name;
1321 	fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen;
1322 	if (cc < (int)sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1323 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1324 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1325 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1326 		return;
1327 	}
1328 	if (((mhdr->msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0) &&
1329 	    (options & F_VERBOSE) != 0)
1330 		warnx("some control data discarded, insufficient buffer size");
1331 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1332 	ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)buf;
1333 	off = 0;
1334 
1335 	if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) {
1336 		warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit");
1337 		return;
1338 	}
1339 	if ((pktinfo = get_rcvpktinfo(mhdr)) == NULL) {
1340 		warnx("failed to get receiving packet information");
1341 		return;
1342 	}
1343 
1344 	if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY && myechoreply(icp)) {
1345 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp6_seq);
1346 		++nreceived;
1347 		if (timing) {
1348 			tpp = (struct tv32 *)(icp + 1);
1349 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_sec);
1350 			tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_usec);
1351 			tvsub(&tv, &tp);
1352 			triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1353 			    ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1354 			tsum += triptime;
1355 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1356 			if (triptime < tmin)
1357 				tmin = triptime;
1358 			if (triptime > tmax)
1359 				tmax = triptime;
1360 		}
1361 
1362 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1363 			++nrepeats;
1364 			--nreceived;
1365 			dupflag = 1;
1366 		} else {
1367 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1368 			dupflag = 0;
1369 		}
1370 
1371 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1372 			return;
1373 
1374 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1375 			write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1376 		else {
1377 			printf("%d bytes from %s, icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1378 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen), seq);
1379 			printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim);
1380 			if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1381 				struct sockaddr_in6 dstsa;
1382 
1383 				memset(&dstsa, 0, sizeof(dstsa));
1384 				dstsa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1385 				dstsa.sin6_len = sizeof(dstsa);
1386 				dstsa.sin6_scope_id = pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex;
1387 				dstsa.sin6_addr = pktinfo->ipi6_addr;
1388 				printf(" dst=%s",
1389 				    pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dstsa,
1390 				    sizeof(dstsa)));
1391 			}
1392 			if (timing)
1393 				printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1394 			if (dupflag)
1395 				printf("(DUP!)");
1396 			/* check the data */
1397 			cp = buf + off + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1398 			dp = outpack + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1399 			for (i = 8; cp < end; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
1400 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1401 					printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp);
1402 					break;
1403 				}
1404 			}
1405 		}
1406 	} else if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_NI_REPLY && mynireply(ni)) {
1407 		seq = ntohs(*(u_int16_t *)ni->icmp6_ni_nonce);
1408 		++nreceived;
1409 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1410 			++nrepeats;
1411 			--nreceived;
1412 			dupflag = 1;
1413 		} else {
1414 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1415 			dupflag = 0;
1416 		}
1417 
1418 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1419 			return;
1420 
1421 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1422 
1423 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_code)) {
1424 		case ICMP6_NI_SUCCESS:
1425 			break;
1426 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1427 			printf("refused, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1428 			goto fqdnend;
1429 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1430 			printf("unknown, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1431 			goto fqdnend;
1432 		default:
1433 			printf("unknown code 0x%x, type 0x%x",
1434 			    ntohs(ni->ni_code), ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1435 			goto fqdnend;
1436 		}
1437 
1438 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
1439 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
1440 			printf("NodeInfo NOOP");
1441 			break;
1442 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
1443 			pr_suptypes(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1444 			break;
1445 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
1446 			pr_nodeaddr(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1447 			break;
1448 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
1449 		default:	/* XXX: for backward compatibility */
1450 			cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1451 			if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] ==
1452 			    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1)
1453 				oldfqdn = 1;
1454 			else
1455 				oldfqdn = 0;
1456 			if (oldfqdn) {
1457 				cp++;	/* skip length */
1458 				while (cp < end) {
1459 					safeputc(*cp & 0xff);
1460 					cp++;
1461 				}
1462 			} else {
1463 				i = 0;
1464 				while (cp < end) {
1465 					if (dnsdecode((const u_char **)(uintptr_t)&cp, end,
1466 					    (const u_char *)(ni + 1), dnsname,
1467 					    sizeof(dnsname)) == NULL) {
1468 						printf("???");
1469 						break;
1470 					}
1471 					/*
1472 					 * name-lookup special handling for
1473 					 * truncated name
1474 					 */
1475 					if (cp + 1 <= end && !*cp &&
1476 					    strlen(dnsname) > 0) {
1477 						dnsname[strlen(dnsname) - 1] = '\0';
1478 						cp++;
1479 					}
1480 					printf("%s%s", i > 0 ? "," : "",
1481 					    dnsname);
1482 				}
1483 			}
1484 			if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1485 				int32_t ttl;
1486 				int comma = 0;
1487 
1488 				printf(" (");	/*)*/
1489 
1490 				switch (ni->ni_code) {
1491 				case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1492 					printf("refused");
1493 					comma++;
1494 					break;
1495 				case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1496 					printf("unknown qtype");
1497 					comma++;
1498 					break;
1499 				}
1500 
1501 				if ((end - (u_char *)ni) < ICMP6_NIRLEN) {
1502 					/* case of refusion, unknown */
1503 					/*(*/
1504 					putchar(')');
1505 					goto fqdnend;
1506 				}
1507 				ttl = (int32_t)ntohl(*(u_long *)&buf[off+ICMP6ECHOLEN+8]);
1508 				if (comma)
1509 					printf(",");
1510 				if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FQDN_FLAG_VALIDTTL)) {
1511 					printf("TTL=%d:meaningless",
1512 					    (int)ttl);
1513 				} else {
1514 					if (ttl < 0) {
1515 						printf("TTL=%d:invalid", ttl);
1516 					} else
1517 						printf("TTL=%d", ttl);
1518 				}
1519 				comma++;
1520 
1521 				if (oldfqdn) {
1522 					if (comma)
1523 						printf(",");
1524 					printf("03 draft");
1525 					comma++;
1526 				} else {
1527 					cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1528 					if (cp == end) {
1529 						if (comma)
1530 							printf(",");
1531 						printf("no name");
1532 						comma++;
1533 					}
1534 				}
1535 
1536 				if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] !=
1537 				    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1 && oldfqdn) {
1538 					if (comma)
1539 						printf(",");
1540 					printf("invalid namelen:%d/%lu",
1541 					    buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN],
1542 					    (u_long)cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1);
1543 					comma++;
1544 				}
1545 				/*(*/
1546 				putchar(')');
1547 			}
1548 		fqdnend:
1549 			;
1550 		}
1551 	} else {
1552 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
1553 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
1554 			return;
1555 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1556 		pr_icmph(icp, end);
1557 	}
1558 
1559 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1560 		putchar('\n');
1561 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1562 			pr_exthdrs(mhdr);
1563 		fflush(stdout);
1564 	}
1565 #undef safeputc
1566 }
1567 
1568 void
1569 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1570 {
1571 	ssize_t bufsize;
1572 	void    *bufp;
1573 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1574 
1575 	bufsize = 0;
1576 	bufp = mhdr->msg_control;
1577 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1578 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1579 		if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6)
1580 			continue;
1581 
1582 		bufsize = CONTROLLEN - ((caddr_t)CMSG_DATA(cm) - (caddr_t)bufp);
1583 		if (bufsize <= 0)
1584 			continue;
1585 		switch (cm->cmsg_type) {
1586 		case IPV6_HOPOPTS:
1587 			printf("  HbH Options: ");
1588 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1589 			break;
1590 		case IPV6_DSTOPTS:
1591 #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
1592 		case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS:
1593 #endif
1594 			printf("  Dst Options: ");
1595 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1596 			break;
1597 		case IPV6_RTHDR:
1598 			printf("  Routing: ");
1599 			pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1600 			break;
1601 		}
1602 	}
1603 }
1604 
1605 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1606 void
1607 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1608 {
1609 	struct ip6_hbh *ext;
1610 	int currentlen;
1611 	u_int8_t type;
1612 	socklen_t extlen, len;
1613 	void *databuf;
1614 	size_t offset;
1615 	u_int16_t value2;
1616 	u_int32_t value4;
1617 
1618 	ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf;
1619 	extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8;
1620 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt,
1621 	    (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen);
1622 
1623 	/*
1624 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer:
1625 	 *     subtract the size of a cmsg structure from the buffer size.
1626 	 */
1627 	if (bufsize < (extlen  + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1628 		extlen = bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0);
1629 		warnx("options truncated, showing only %u (total=%u)",
1630 		    (unsigned int)(extlen / 8 - 1),
1631 		    (unsigned int)(ext->ip6h_len));
1632 	}
1633 
1634 	currentlen = 0;
1635 	while (1) {
1636 		currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen,
1637 		    &type, &len, &databuf);
1638 		if (currentlen == -1)
1639 			break;
1640 		switch (type) {
1641 		/*
1642 		 * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding
1643 		 * optins.
1644 		 */
1645 		case IP6OPT_JUMBO:
1646 			offset = 0;
1647 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1648 			    &value4, sizeof(value4));
1649 			printf("    Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n",
1650 			    (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4));
1651 			break;
1652 		/* FIXME: RFC3542 option is IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT. */
1653 		case IP6OPT_RTALERT:
1654 			offset = 0;
1655 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1656 						   &value2, sizeof(value2));
1657 			printf("    Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n",
1658 			    ntohs(value2));
1659 			break;
1660 		default:
1661 			printf("    Received Opt %u len %lu\n",
1662 			    type, (unsigned long)len);
1663 			break;
1664 		}
1665 	}
1666 	return;
1667 }
1668 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1669 /* ARGSUSED */
1670 void
1671 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf __unused, size_t bufsize __unused)
1672 {
1673 	putchar('\n');
1674 	return;
1675 }
1676 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1677 
1678 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1679 void
1680 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize __unused)
1681 {
1682 	struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf;
1683 
1684 	/* print fixed part of the header */
1685 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt,
1686 	    rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type);
1687 	printf("segments unknown, ");
1688 	printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1689 	return;
1690 
1691 }
1692 
1693 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1694 /* ARGSUSED */
1695 void
1696 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf __unused)
1697 {
1698 	putchar('\n');
1699 	return;
1700 }
1701 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1702 
1703 int
1704 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t v, int soff, int ii)
1705 {
1706 	int off;
1707 	int i;
1708 
1709 	off = 0;
1710 	while (off < 32) {
1711 		/* shift till we have 0x01 */
1712 		if ((v & 0x01) == 0) {
1713 			if (ii > 1)
1714 				printf("-%u", soff + off - 1);
1715 			ii = 0;
1716 			switch (v & 0x0f) {
1717 			case 0x00:
1718 				v >>= 4;
1719 				off += 4;
1720 				continue;
1721 			case 0x08:
1722 				v >>= 3;
1723 				off += 3;
1724 				continue;
1725 			case 0x04: case 0x0c:
1726 				v >>= 2;
1727 				off += 2;
1728 				continue;
1729 			default:
1730 				v >>= 1;
1731 				off += 1;
1732 				continue;
1733 			}
1734 		}
1735 
1736 		/* we have 0x01 with us */
1737 		for (i = 0; i < 32 - off; i++) {
1738 			if ((v & (0x01 << i)) == 0)
1739 				break;
1740 		}
1741 		if (!ii)
1742 			printf(" %u", soff + off);
1743 		ii += i;
1744 		v >>= i; off += i;
1745 	}
1746 	return ii;
1747 }
1748 
1749 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be SUPTYPES */
1750 void
1751 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, size_t nilen)
1752 {
1753 	size_t clen;
1754 	u_int32_t v;
1755 	const u_char *cp, *end;
1756 	u_int16_t cur;
1757 	struct cbit {
1758 		u_int16_t words;	/*32bit count*/
1759 		u_int16_t skip;
1760 	} cbit;
1761 #define MAXQTYPES	(1 << 16)
1762 	size_t off;
1763 	int b;
1764 
1765 	cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1766 	end = ((u_char *)ni) + nilen;
1767 	cur = 0;
1768 	b = 0;
1769 
1770 	printf("NodeInfo Supported Qtypes");
1771 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1772 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS)
1773 			printf(", compressed bitmap");
1774 		else
1775 			printf(", raw bitmap");
1776 	}
1777 
1778 	while (cp < end) {
1779 		clen = (size_t)(end - cp);
1780 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) == 0) {
1781 			if (clen == 0 || clen > MAXQTYPES / 8 ||
1782 			    clen % sizeof(v)) {
1783 				printf("???");
1784 				return;
1785 			}
1786 		} else {
1787 			if (clen < sizeof(cbit) || clen % sizeof(v))
1788 				return;
1789 			memcpy(&cbit, cp, sizeof(cbit));
1790 			if (sizeof(cbit) + ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v) >
1791 			    clen)
1792 				return;
1793 			cp += sizeof(cbit);
1794 			clen = ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v);
1795 			if (cur + clen * 8 + (u_long)ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32 >
1796 			    MAXQTYPES)
1797 				return;
1798 		}
1799 
1800 		for (off = 0; off < clen; off += sizeof(v)) {
1801 			memcpy(&v, cp + off, sizeof(v));
1802 			v = (u_int32_t)ntohl(v);
1803 			b = pr_bitrange(v, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1804 		}
1805 		/* flush the remaining bits */
1806 		b = pr_bitrange(0, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1807 
1808 		cp += clen;
1809 		cur += clen * 8;
1810 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) != 0)
1811 			cur += ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32;
1812 	}
1813 }
1814 
1815 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be NODEADDR */
1816 void
1817 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, int nilen)
1818 {
1819 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1820 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1821 	int withttl = 0;
1822 
1823 	nilen -= sizeof(struct icmp6_nodeinfo);
1824 
1825 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1826 		switch (ni->ni_code) {
1827 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1828 			printf("refused");
1829 			break;
1830 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1831 			printf("unknown qtype");
1832 			break;
1833 		}
1834 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_TRUNCATE)
1835 			printf(" truncated");
1836 	}
1837 	putchar('\n');
1838 	if (nilen <= 0)
1839 		printf("  no address\n");
1840 
1841 	/*
1842 	 * In icmp-name-lookups 05 and later, TTL of each returned address
1843 	 * is contained in the resposne. We try to detect the version
1844 	 * by the length of the data, but note that the detection algorithm
1845 	 * is incomplete. We assume the latest draft by default.
1846 	 */
1847 	if (nilen % (sizeof(u_int32_t) + sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0)
1848 		withttl = 1;
1849 	while (nilen > 0) {
1850 		u_int32_t ttl = 0;
1851 
1852 		if (withttl) {
1853 			/* XXX: alignment? */
1854 			ttl = (u_int32_t)ntohl(*(u_int32_t *)cp);
1855 			cp += sizeof(u_int32_t);
1856 			nilen -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
1857 		}
1858 
1859 		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, cp, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)) ==
1860 		    NULL)
1861 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
1862 		printf("  %s", ntop_buf);
1863 		if (withttl) {
1864 			if (ttl == 0xffffffff) {
1865 				/*
1866 				 * XXX: can this convention be applied to all
1867 				 * type of TTL (i.e. non-ND TTL)?
1868 				 */
1869 				printf("(TTL=infty)");
1870 			}
1871 			else
1872 				printf("(TTL=%u)", ttl);
1873 		}
1874 		putchar('\n');
1875 
1876 		nilen -= sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1877 		cp += sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1878 	}
1879 }
1880 
1881 int
1882 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1883 {
1884 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1885 
1886 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1887 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1888 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1889 			return(-1);
1890 
1891 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1892 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1893 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1894 			return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1895 	}
1896 
1897 	return(-1);
1898 }
1899 
1900 struct in6_pktinfo *
1901 get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1902 {
1903 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1904 
1905 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1906 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1907 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1908 			return(NULL);
1909 
1910 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1911 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1912 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1913 			return((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1914 	}
1915 
1916 	return(NULL);
1917 }
1918 
1919 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
1920 int
1921 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1922 {
1923 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1924 	struct ip6_mtuinfo *mtuctl = NULL;
1925 
1926 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1927 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1928 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1929 			return(0);
1930 
1931 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1932 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU &&
1933 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) {
1934 			mtuctl = (struct ip6_mtuinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1935 
1936 			/*
1937 			 * If the notified destination is different from
1938 			 * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info.
1939 			 * We check the scope ID only when both notified value
1940 			 * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may
1941 			 * have used the default scope zone ID for sending,
1942 			 * in which case the scope ID value is 0.
1943 			 */
1944 			if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_addr,
1945 						&dst.sin6_addr) ||
1946 			    (mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id &&
1947 			     dst.sin6_scope_id &&
1948 			     mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id !=
1949 			     dst.sin6_scope_id)) {
1950 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1951 					printf("path MTU for %s is notified. "
1952 					       "(ignored)\n",
1953 					   pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&mtuctl->ip6m_addr,
1954 					   sizeof(mtuctl->ip6m_addr)));
1955 				}
1956 				return(0);
1957 			}
1958 
1959 			/*
1960 			 * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe
1961 			 * the kernel check?
1962 			 */
1963 			if (mtuctl->ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU)
1964 				return(0);
1965 
1966 			/* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */
1967 			return((int)mtuctl->ip6m_mtu);
1968 		}
1969 	}
1970 	return(0);
1971 }
1972 #endif
1973 
1974 /*
1975  * tvsub --
1976  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1977  * be >= in.
1978  */
1979 void
1980 tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
1981 {
1982 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1983 		--out->tv_sec;
1984 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1985 	}
1986 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1987 }
1988 
1989 /*
1990  * onint --
1991  *	SIGINT handler.
1992  */
1993 /* ARGSUSED */
1994 void
1995 onint(int sig __unused)
1996 {
1997 	summary();
1998 
1999 	signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
2000 	kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
2001 
2002 	/* NOTREACHED */
2003 	exit(1);
2004 }
2005 
2006 /*
2007  * summary --
2008  *	Print out statistics.
2009  */
2010 void
2011 summary(void)
2012 {
2013 
2014 	printf("\n--- %s ping6 statistics ---\n", hostname);
2015 	printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
2016 	printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
2017 	if (nrepeats)
2018 		printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
2019 	if (ntransmitted) {
2020 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
2021 			printf("-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
2022 		else
2023 			printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
2024 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
2025 			    ntransmitted));
2026 	}
2027 	putchar('\n');
2028 	if (nreceived && timing) {
2029 		/* Only display average to microseconds */
2030 		double num = nreceived + nrepeats;
2031 		double avg = tsum / num;
2032 		double dev = sqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
2033 		printf(
2034 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
2035 		    tmin, avg, tmax, dev);
2036 		fflush(stdout);
2037 	}
2038 	fflush(stdout);
2039 }
2040 
2041 /*subject type*/
2042 static const char *niqcode[] = {
2043 	"IPv6 address",
2044 	"DNS label",	/*or empty*/
2045 	"IPv4 address",
2046 };
2047 
2048 /*result code*/
2049 static const char *nircode[] = {
2050 	"Success", "Refused", "Unknown",
2051 };
2052 
2053 
2054 /*
2055  * pr_icmph --
2056  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
2057  */
2058 void
2059 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end)
2060 {
2061 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2062 	struct nd_redirect *red;
2063 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
2064 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
2065 	const u_char *cp;
2066 	size_t l;
2067 
2068 	switch (icp->icmp6_type) {
2069 	case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
2070 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2071 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
2072 			printf("No Route to Destination\n");
2073 			break;
2074 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
2075 			printf("Destination Administratively "
2076 			    "Unreachable\n");
2077 			break;
2078 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE:
2079 			printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n");
2080 			break;
2081 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
2082 			printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
2083 			break;
2084 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
2085 			printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
2086 			break;
2087 		default:
2088 			printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
2089 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2090 			break;
2091 		}
2092 		/* Print returned IP header information */
2093 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2094 		break;
2095 	case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
2096 		printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n",
2097 		    (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu));
2098 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2099 		break;
2100 	case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
2101 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2102 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT:
2103 			printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
2104 			break;
2105 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY:
2106 			printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
2107 			break;
2108 		default:
2109 			printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
2110 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2111 			break;
2112 		}
2113 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2114 		break;
2115 	case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
2116 		printf("Parameter problem: ");
2117 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2118 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER:
2119 			printf("Erroneous Header ");
2120 			break;
2121 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER:
2122 			printf("Unknown Nextheader ");
2123 			break;
2124 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION:
2125 			printf("Unrecognized Option ");
2126 			break;
2127 		default:
2128 			printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code);
2129 			break;
2130 		}
2131 		printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n", (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr));
2132 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2133 		break;
2134 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
2135 		printf("Echo Request");
2136 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2137 		break;
2138 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
2139 		printf("Echo Reply");
2140 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2141 		break;
2142 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
2143 		printf("Listener Query");
2144 		break;
2145 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
2146 		printf("Listener Report");
2147 		break;
2148 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
2149 		printf("Listener Done");
2150 		break;
2151 	case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
2152 		printf("Router Solicitation");
2153 		break;
2154 	case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
2155 		printf("Router Advertisement");
2156 		break;
2157 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
2158 		printf("Neighbor Solicitation");
2159 		break;
2160 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
2161 		printf("Neighbor Advertisement");
2162 		break;
2163 	case ND_REDIRECT:
2164 		red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp;
2165 		printf("Redirect\n");
2166 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf,
2167 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2168 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2169 		printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf);
2170 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf,
2171 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2172 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2173 		printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf);
2174 		break;
2175 	case ICMP6_NI_QUERY:
2176 		printf("Node Information Query");
2177 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2178 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2179 		l = end - (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2180 		printf(", ");
2181 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2182 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2183 			printf("NOOP");
2184 			break;
2185 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2186 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2187 			break;
2188 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2189 			printf("DNS name");
2190 			break;
2191 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2192 			printf("nodeaddr");
2193 			break;
2194 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2195 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2196 			break;
2197 		default:
2198 			printf("unknown qtype");
2199 			break;
2200 		}
2201 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2202 			switch (ni->ni_code) {
2203 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6:
2204 				if (l == sizeof(struct in6_addr) &&
2205 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2206 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2207 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2208 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2209 				} else {
2210 #if 1
2211 					/* backward compat to -W */
2212 					printf(", oldfqdn");
2213 #else
2214 					printf(", invalid");
2215 #endif
2216 				}
2217 				break;
2218 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN:
2219 				if (end == (u_char *)(ni + 1)) {
2220 					printf(", no subject");
2221 					break;
2222 				}
2223 				printf(", subject=%s", niqcode[ni->ni_code]);
2224 				cp = (const u_char *)(ni + 1);
2225 				if (dnsdecode(&cp, end, NULL, dnsname,
2226 				    sizeof(dnsname)) != NULL)
2227 					printf("(%s)", dnsname);
2228 				else
2229 					printf("(invalid)");
2230 				break;
2231 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV4:
2232 				if (l == sizeof(struct in_addr) &&
2233 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2234 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2235 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2236 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2237 				} else
2238 					printf(", invalid");
2239 				break;
2240 			default:
2241 				printf(", invalid");
2242 				break;
2243 			}
2244 		}
2245 		break;
2246 	case ICMP6_NI_REPLY:
2247 		printf("Node Information Reply");
2248 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2249 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2250 		printf(", ");
2251 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2252 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2253 			printf("NOOP");
2254 			break;
2255 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2256 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2257 			break;
2258 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2259 			printf("DNS name");
2260 			break;
2261 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2262 			printf("nodeaddr");
2263 			break;
2264 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2265 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2266 			break;
2267 		default:
2268 			printf("unknown qtype");
2269 			break;
2270 		}
2271 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2272 			if (ni->ni_code > NELEM(nircode))
2273 				printf(", invalid");
2274 			else
2275 				printf(", %s", nircode[ni->ni_code]);
2276 		}
2277 		break;
2278 	default:
2279 		printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type);
2280 	}
2281 }
2282 
2283 /*
2284  * pr_iph --
2285  *	Print an IP6 header.
2286  */
2287 void
2288 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *ip6)
2289 {
2290 	u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
2291 	u_int8_t tc;
2292 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2293 
2294 	tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */
2295 	tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f;
2296 	tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4);
2297 
2298 	printf("Vr TC  Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n");
2299 	printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x  %02x   %02x\n",
2300 	    (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow),
2301 	    ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim);
2302 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2303 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2304 	printf("%s->", ntop_buf);
2305 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2306 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2307 	printf("%s\n", ntop_buf);
2308 }
2309 
2310 /*
2311  * pr_addr --
2312  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
2313  * a hostname.
2314  */
2315 const char *
2316 pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
2317 {
2318 	static char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
2319 	int flag = 0;
2320 
2321 	if ((options & F_HOSTNAME) == 0)
2322 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
2323 
2324 	if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flag) == 0)
2325 		return (buf);
2326 	else
2327 		return "?";
2328 }
2329 
2330 /*
2331  * pr_retip --
2332  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet.
2333  */
2334 void
2335 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end)
2336 {
2337 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
2338 	int hlen;
2339 
2340 	if (end - (u_char *)ip6 < (int)sizeof(*ip6)) {
2341 		printf("IP6");
2342 		goto trunc;
2343 	}
2344 	pr_iph(ip6);
2345 	hlen = sizeof(*ip6);
2346 
2347 	nh = ip6->ip6_nxt;
2348 	cp += hlen;
2349 	while (end - cp >= 8) {
2350 		switch (nh) {
2351 		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:
2352 			printf("HBH ");
2353 			hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3;
2354 			nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt;
2355 			break;
2356 		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:
2357 			printf("DSTOPT ");
2358 			hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3;
2359 			nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt;
2360 			break;
2361 		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
2362 			printf("FRAG ");
2363 			hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
2364 			nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
2365 			break;
2366 		case IPPROTO_ROUTING:
2367 			printf("RTHDR ");
2368 			hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3;
2369 			nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt;
2370 			break;
2371 		case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
2372 			printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n",
2373 			    *cp, *(cp + 1));
2374 			return;
2375 		case IPPROTO_ESP:
2376 			printf("ESP\n");
2377 			return;
2378 		case IPPROTO_TCP:
2379 			printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2380 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2381 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2382 			return;
2383 		case IPPROTO_UDP:
2384 			printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2385 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2386 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2387 			return;
2388 		default:
2389 			printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh);
2390 			return;
2391 		}
2392 
2393 		if ((cp += hlen) >= end)
2394 			goto trunc;
2395 	}
2396 	if (end - cp < 8)
2397 		goto trunc;
2398 
2399 	putchar('\n');
2400 	return;
2401 
2402   trunc:
2403 	printf("...\n");
2404 	return;
2405 }
2406 
2407 void
2408 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
2409 {
2410 	int ii, jj, kk;
2411 	int pat[16];
2412 	char *cp;
2413 
2414 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
2415 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
2416 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
2417 	ii = sscanf(patp,
2418 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
2419 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
2420 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
2421 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
2422 
2423 /* xxx */
2424 	if (ii > 0)
2425 		for (kk = 0;
2426 		    kk <= MAXDATALEN - (8 + (int)sizeof(struct tv32) + ii);
2427 		    kk += ii)
2428 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2429 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
2430 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
2431 		printf("PATTERN: 0x");
2432 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2433 			printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
2434 		printf("\n");
2435 	}
2436 }
2437 
2438 char *
2439 nigroup(char *name)
2440 {
2441 	char *p;
2442 	char *q;
2443 	MD5_CTX ctxt;
2444 	u_int8_t digest[16];
2445 	u_int8_t c;
2446 	size_t l;
2447 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
2448 	struct in6_addr in6;
2449 
2450 	p = strchr(name, '.');
2451 	if (!p)
2452 		p = name + strlen(name);
2453 	l = p - name;
2454 	if (l > 63 || l > sizeof(hbuf) - 1)
2455 		return NULL;	/*label too long*/
2456 	strncpy(hbuf, name, l);
2457 	hbuf[(int)l] = '\0';
2458 
2459 	for (q = name; *q; q++) {
2460 		if (isupper(*(unsigned char *)q))
2461 			*q = tolower(*(unsigned char *)q);
2462 	}
2463 
2464 	/* generate 8 bytes of pseudo-random value. */
2465 	memset(&ctxt, 0, sizeof(ctxt));
2466 	MD5_Init(&ctxt);
2467 	c = l & 0xff;
2468 	MD5_Update(&ctxt, &c, sizeof(c));
2469 	MD5_Update(&ctxt, (unsigned char *)name, l);
2470 	MD5_Final(digest, &ctxt);
2471 
2472 	if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:0000:0000", &in6) != 1)
2473 		return NULL;	/*XXX*/
2474 	bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[12], 4);
2475 
2476 	if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) == NULL)
2477 		return NULL;
2478 
2479 	return strdup(hbuf);
2480 }
2481 
2482 void
2483 usage(void)
2484 {
2485 	fprintf(stderr,
2486 	    "usage: ping6 [-"
2487 	    "d"
2488 	    "fH"
2489 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
2490 	    "m"
2491 #endif
2492 	    "nNqtvwW] "
2493 	    "[-a addrtype] [-b bufsiz] [-c count] [-g gateway]\n"
2494 	    "             [-h hoplimit] [-I interface] [-i wait] [-l preload]"
2495 	    "\n"
2496 	    "             [-p pattern] [-S sourceaddr] [-s packetsize] "
2497 	    "[hops ...] host\n");
2498 	exit(1);
2499 }
2500