1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | | 196 | V | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199 | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 200 | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 201 | | | | | 202FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 203 | | | | | 204 v v v v v 205 206Time 207---------------- 208 209Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 210was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 211 212[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 213 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 214 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 215[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 216[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 217[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 218[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 219[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 220[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 221 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 222[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 223 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 224[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 225 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 226 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 227[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 228[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 229[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 230[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 231[USE] Usenet announcement. 232[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 233[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 234 235Multics 1965 236UNIX Summer 1969 237 DEC PDP-7 238First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 239 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 240Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 241 10 UNIX installations 242Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 243 Pipes, 16 installations 244Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 245 rewriting in C effected, 246 above 30 installations 247Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 248 above 50 installations 249Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 250 port to DEC Vax 251Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 252 first portable UNIX 253Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 254 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 255 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 256 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 257 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 258 and networking part by the streams mechanism 259 260Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 261Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 262 2631BSD late 1977 264 1978-03-09 [QCU] 265 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 266 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 267 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2682BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 269 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2702.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2712.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 272 2732.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 274 set of performance improvements 2752.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2762.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2772.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2782.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2792.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2802.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2812.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 282 28332V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2843BSD late 1979 [QCU] 285 virtual memory, page replacement, 286 demand paging 2874.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2884.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2894.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 290 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2914.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2924.1cBSD late 1982 293 beta release, IPC [44B] 2944.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 295 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2964.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 297 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2984.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2994.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 300 1989-01-01 [DOC] 3014.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3024.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 303 304BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 305 first code released to people outside BSDI 306386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 307BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 308BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 309386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3104.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 311BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 312 first external gamma; G customers 313BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 314 would have been 1.0 except for request 315 for preliminary injunction 316BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 317 injunction denied; first official release 318NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3194.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 320NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 321FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 322BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3234.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 324FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 325FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 326FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 327 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 328NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 329386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 330FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 331BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 332FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 333BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3344.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 335 the true final distribution from the CSRG 336FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 337NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 338BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 339FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 340NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 341OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 342FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 343FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 344Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 345FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 346BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 347FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 348FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 349FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 350NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 351OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 352FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 353OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 354NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 355FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 356NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 357BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 358OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 359NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 360FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 361BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 362 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 363FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 364 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 365 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 366 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 367FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 368OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 369NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 370FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 371BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 372NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 373FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 374OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 375NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 376FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 377OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 378FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 379BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 380FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 381NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 382OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 383FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 384FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 385FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 386FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 387FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 388NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 389BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 390OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 391NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 392Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 393FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 394OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 395NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 396NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 397FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 398Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 399OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 400FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 401BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 402OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 403FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 404NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 405FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 406Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 407NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 408FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 409OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 410FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 411 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 412 -current, similar to 3.0. 413FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 414NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 415OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 416BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 417FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 418Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 419FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 420BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 421OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 422FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 423FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 424NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 425OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 426FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 427DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 428OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 429FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 430NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 431FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 432DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 433NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 434Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 435FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 436OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 437NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 438OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 439FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 440NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 441NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 442DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 443 444Bibliography 445------------------------ 446 447Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 448Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 449System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 450 451Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 452Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 453 454McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 455Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 456System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 457 458McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 459Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 460Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 461 462Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 463 464Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 465Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 466Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 467 468Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 469URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 470 471Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 472Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 473 474BSD Release Announcements collection. 475URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 476 477BSD Hypertext Man Pages 478URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 479 480UNIX history graphing project 481URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 482 483UNIX history 484URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 485 486James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 487URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 488("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 489 490 491Acknowledgments 492--------------- 493 494Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 495original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 496 497Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 498 499-- 500Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 501URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 502 503$FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.100 2006/01/08 20:23:35 maxim Exp $ 504$DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.7 2006/01/23 02:56:43 swildner Exp $ 505