1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1995-1996 S�ren Schmidt 3 * Copyright (c) 1996 Peter Wemm 4 * All rights reserved. 5 * 6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8 * are met: 9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 11 * in this position and unchanged. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 16 * derived from this software withough specific prior written permission 17 * 18 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 20 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 21 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 22 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 23 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 24 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 25 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 26 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 27 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 * 29 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/kern/imgact_elf.c,v 1.73.2.13 2002/12/28 19:49:41 dillon Exp $ 30 * $DragonFly: src/sys/kern/imgact_elf.c,v 1.16 2004/01/20 18:41:51 dillon Exp $ 31 */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/exec.h> 35 #include <sys/fcntl.h> 36 #include <sys/file.h> 37 #include <sys/imgact.h> 38 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h> 39 #include <sys/kernel.h> 40 #include <sys/malloc.h> 41 #include <sys/mman.h> 42 #include <sys/systm.h> 43 #include <sys/proc.h> 44 #include <sys/namei.h> 45 #include <sys/pioctl.h> 46 #include <sys/procfs.h> 47 #include <sys/resourcevar.h> 48 #include <sys/signalvar.h> 49 #include <sys/stat.h> 50 #include <sys/syscall.h> 51 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 52 #include <sys/sysent.h> 53 #include <sys/vnode.h> 54 55 #include <vm/vm.h> 56 #include <vm/vm_kern.h> 57 #include <vm/vm_param.h> 58 #include <vm/pmap.h> 59 #include <sys/lock.h> 60 #include <vm/vm_map.h> 61 #include <vm/vm_object.h> 62 #include <vm/vm_extern.h> 63 64 #include <machine/elf.h> 65 #include <machine/md_var.h> 66 #include <sys/mount.h> 67 #include <sys/ckpt.h> 68 #define OLD_EI_BRAND 8 69 70 __ElfType(Brandinfo); 71 __ElfType(Auxargs); 72 73 static int elf_check_header (const Elf_Ehdr *hdr); 74 static int elf_freebsd_fixup (register_t **stack_base, 75 struct image_params *imgp); 76 static int elf_load_file (struct proc *p, const char *file, u_long *addr, 77 u_long *entry); 78 static int elf_load_section (struct proc *p, 79 struct vmspace *vmspace, struct vnode *vp, 80 vm_offset_t offset, caddr_t vmaddr, size_t memsz, size_t filsz, 81 vm_prot_t prot); 82 static int exec_elf_imgact (struct image_params *imgp); 83 84 static int elf_trace = 0; 85 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, elf_trace, CTLFLAG_RW, &elf_trace, 0, ""); 86 static int elf_legacy_coredump = 0; 87 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, elf_legacy_coredump, CTLFLAG_RW, 88 &elf_legacy_coredump, 0, ""); 89 90 static struct sysentvec elf_freebsd_sysvec = { 91 SYS_MAXSYSCALL, 92 sysent, 93 0, 94 0, 95 0, 96 0, 97 0, 98 0, 99 elf_freebsd_fixup, 100 sendsig, 101 sigcode, 102 &szsigcode, 103 0, 104 "FreeBSD ELF", 105 elf_coredump, 106 NULL, 107 MINSIGSTKSZ 108 }; 109 110 static Elf_Brandinfo freebsd_brand_info = { 111 ELFOSABI_FREEBSD, 112 "FreeBSD", 113 "", 114 "/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1", 115 &elf_freebsd_sysvec 116 }; 117 static Elf_Brandinfo *elf_brand_list[MAX_BRANDS] = { 118 &freebsd_brand_info, 119 NULL, NULL, NULL, 120 NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL 121 }; 122 123 int 124 elf_insert_brand_entry(Elf_Brandinfo *entry) 125 { 126 int i; 127 128 for (i=1; i<MAX_BRANDS; i++) { 129 if (elf_brand_list[i] == NULL) { 130 elf_brand_list[i] = entry; 131 break; 132 } 133 } 134 if (i == MAX_BRANDS) 135 return -1; 136 return 0; 137 } 138 139 int 140 elf_remove_brand_entry(Elf_Brandinfo *entry) 141 { 142 int i; 143 144 for (i=1; i<MAX_BRANDS; i++) { 145 if (elf_brand_list[i] == entry) { 146 elf_brand_list[i] = NULL; 147 break; 148 } 149 } 150 if (i == MAX_BRANDS) 151 return -1; 152 return 0; 153 } 154 155 int 156 elf_brand_inuse(Elf_Brandinfo *entry) 157 { 158 struct proc *p; 159 int rval = FALSE; 160 161 FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) { 162 if (p->p_sysent == entry->sysvec) { 163 rval = TRUE; 164 break; 165 } 166 } 167 168 return (rval); 169 } 170 171 static int 172 elf_check_header(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr) 173 { 174 if (!IS_ELF(*hdr) || 175 hdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELF_TARG_CLASS || 176 hdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELF_TARG_DATA || 177 hdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) 178 return ENOEXEC; 179 180 if (!ELF_MACHINE_OK(hdr->e_machine)) 181 return ENOEXEC; 182 183 if (hdr->e_version != ELF_TARG_VER) 184 return ENOEXEC; 185 186 return 0; 187 } 188 189 static int 190 elf_load_section(struct proc *p, struct vmspace *vmspace, struct vnode *vp, 191 vm_offset_t offset, caddr_t vmaddr, size_t memsz, size_t filsz, 192 vm_prot_t prot) 193 { 194 size_t map_len; 195 vm_offset_t map_addr; 196 int error, rv, cow; 197 int count; 198 size_t copy_len; 199 vm_object_t object; 200 vm_offset_t file_addr; 201 vm_offset_t data_buf = 0; 202 203 VOP_GETVOBJECT(vp, &object); 204 error = 0; 205 206 /* 207 * It's necessary to fail if the filsz + offset taken from the 208 * header is greater than the actual file pager object's size. 209 * If we were to allow this, then the vm_map_find() below would 210 * walk right off the end of the file object and into the ether. 211 * 212 * While I'm here, might as well check for something else that 213 * is invalid: filsz cannot be greater than memsz. 214 */ 215 if ((off_t)filsz + offset > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size || 216 filsz > memsz) { 217 uprintf("elf_load_section: truncated ELF file\n"); 218 return (ENOEXEC); 219 } 220 221 map_addr = trunc_page((vm_offset_t)vmaddr); 222 file_addr = trunc_page(offset); 223 224 /* 225 * We have two choices. We can either clear the data in the last page 226 * of an oversized mapping, or we can start the anon mapping a page 227 * early and copy the initialized data into that first page. We 228 * choose the second.. 229 */ 230 if (memsz > filsz) 231 map_len = trunc_page(offset+filsz) - file_addr; 232 else 233 map_len = round_page(offset+filsz) - file_addr; 234 235 if (map_len != 0) { 236 vm_object_reference(object); 237 238 /* cow flags: don't dump readonly sections in core */ 239 cow = MAP_COPY_ON_WRITE | MAP_PREFAULT | 240 (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE ? 0 : MAP_DISABLE_COREDUMP); 241 242 count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT); 243 vm_map_lock(&vmspace->vm_map); 244 rv = vm_map_insert(&vmspace->vm_map, &count, 245 object, 246 file_addr, /* file offset */ 247 map_addr, /* virtual start */ 248 map_addr + map_len,/* virtual end */ 249 prot, 250 VM_PROT_ALL, 251 cow); 252 vm_map_unlock(&vmspace->vm_map); 253 vm_map_entry_release(count); 254 if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) { 255 vm_object_deallocate(object); 256 return EINVAL; 257 } 258 259 /* we can stop now if we've covered it all */ 260 if (memsz == filsz) { 261 return 0; 262 } 263 } 264 265 266 /* 267 * We have to get the remaining bit of the file into the first part 268 * of the oversized map segment. This is normally because the .data 269 * segment in the file is extended to provide bss. It's a neat idea 270 * to try and save a page, but it's a pain in the behind to implement. 271 */ 272 copy_len = (offset + filsz) - trunc_page(offset + filsz); 273 map_addr = trunc_page((vm_offset_t)vmaddr + filsz); 274 map_len = round_page((vm_offset_t)vmaddr + memsz) - map_addr; 275 276 /* This had damn well better be true! */ 277 if (map_len != 0) { 278 count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT); 279 vm_map_lock(&vmspace->vm_map); 280 rv = vm_map_insert(&vmspace->vm_map, &count, 281 NULL, 0, 282 map_addr, map_addr + map_len, 283 VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0); 284 vm_map_unlock(&vmspace->vm_map); 285 vm_map_entry_release(count); 286 if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) { 287 return EINVAL; 288 } 289 } 290 291 if (copy_len != 0) { 292 vm_object_reference(object); 293 rv = vm_map_find(exec_map, 294 object, 295 trunc_page(offset + filsz), 296 &data_buf, 297 PAGE_SIZE, 298 TRUE, 299 VM_PROT_READ, 300 VM_PROT_ALL, 301 MAP_COPY_ON_WRITE | MAP_PREFAULT_PARTIAL); 302 if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) { 303 vm_object_deallocate(object); 304 return EINVAL; 305 } 306 307 /* send the page fragment to user space */ 308 error = copyout((caddr_t)data_buf, (caddr_t)map_addr, copy_len); 309 vm_map_remove(exec_map, data_buf, data_buf + PAGE_SIZE); 310 if (error) { 311 return (error); 312 } 313 } 314 315 /* 316 * set it to the specified protection 317 */ 318 vm_map_protect(&vmspace->vm_map, map_addr, map_addr + map_len, prot, 319 FALSE); 320 321 return error; 322 } 323 324 /* 325 * Load the file "file" into memory. It may be either a shared object 326 * or an executable. 327 * 328 * The "addr" reference parameter is in/out. On entry, it specifies 329 * the address where a shared object should be loaded. If the file is 330 * an executable, this value is ignored. On exit, "addr" specifies 331 * where the file was actually loaded. 332 * 333 * The "entry" reference parameter is out only. On exit, it specifies 334 * the entry point for the loaded file. 335 */ 336 static int 337 elf_load_file(struct proc *p, const char *file, u_long *addr, u_long *entry) 338 { 339 struct { 340 struct nameidata nd; 341 struct vattr attr; 342 struct image_params image_params; 343 } *tempdata; 344 const Elf_Ehdr *hdr = NULL; 345 const Elf_Phdr *phdr = NULL; 346 struct nameidata *nd; 347 struct vmspace *vmspace = p->p_vmspace; 348 struct vattr *attr; 349 struct image_params *imgp; 350 vm_prot_t prot; 351 u_long rbase; 352 u_long base_addr = 0; 353 int error, i, numsegs; 354 struct thread *td = p->p_thread; 355 356 tempdata = malloc(sizeof(*tempdata), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK); 357 nd = &tempdata->nd; 358 attr = &tempdata->attr; 359 imgp = &tempdata->image_params; 360 361 /* 362 * Initialize part of the common data 363 */ 364 imgp->proc = p; 365 imgp->attr = attr; 366 imgp->firstpage = NULL; 367 imgp->image_header = (char *)kmem_alloc_wait(exec_map, PAGE_SIZE); 368 369 if (imgp->image_header == NULL) { 370 nd->ni_vp = NULL; 371 error = ENOMEM; 372 goto fail; 373 } 374 375 NDINIT(nd, NAMEI_LOOKUP, CNP_LOCKLEAF | CNP_FOLLOW, 376 UIO_SYSSPACE, file, td); 377 378 if ((error = namei(nd)) != 0) { 379 nd->ni_vp = NULL; 380 goto fail; 381 } 382 NDFREE(nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF); 383 imgp->vp = nd->ni_vp; 384 385 /* 386 * Check permissions, modes, uid, etc on the file, and "open" it. 387 */ 388 error = exec_check_permissions(imgp); 389 if (error) { 390 VOP_UNLOCK(nd->ni_vp, 0, td); 391 goto fail; 392 } 393 394 error = exec_map_first_page(imgp); 395 /* 396 * Also make certain that the interpreter stays the same, so set 397 * its VTEXT flag, too. 398 */ 399 if (error == 0) 400 nd->ni_vp->v_flag |= VTEXT; 401 VOP_UNLOCK(nd->ni_vp, 0, td); 402 if (error) 403 goto fail; 404 405 hdr = (const Elf_Ehdr *)imgp->image_header; 406 if ((error = elf_check_header(hdr)) != 0) 407 goto fail; 408 if (hdr->e_type == ET_DYN) 409 rbase = *addr; 410 else if (hdr->e_type == ET_EXEC) 411 rbase = 0; 412 else { 413 error = ENOEXEC; 414 goto fail; 415 } 416 417 /* Only support headers that fit within first page for now */ 418 if ((hdr->e_phoff > PAGE_SIZE) || 419 (hdr->e_phoff + hdr->e_phentsize * hdr->e_phnum) > PAGE_SIZE) { 420 error = ENOEXEC; 421 goto fail; 422 } 423 424 phdr = (const Elf_Phdr *)(imgp->image_header + hdr->e_phoff); 425 426 for (i = 0, numsegs = 0; i < hdr->e_phnum; i++) { 427 if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_LOAD) { /* Loadable segment */ 428 prot = 0; 429 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_X) 430 prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE; 431 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_W) 432 prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE; 433 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_R) 434 prot |= VM_PROT_READ; 435 436 error = elf_load_section( 437 p, vmspace, nd->ni_vp, 438 phdr[i].p_offset, 439 (caddr_t)phdr[i].p_vaddr + 440 rbase, 441 phdr[i].p_memsz, 442 phdr[i].p_filesz, prot); 443 if (error != 0) 444 goto fail; 445 /* 446 * Establish the base address if this is the 447 * first segment. 448 */ 449 if (numsegs == 0) 450 base_addr = trunc_page(phdr[i].p_vaddr + rbase); 451 numsegs++; 452 } 453 } 454 *addr = base_addr; 455 *entry=(unsigned long)hdr->e_entry + rbase; 456 457 fail: 458 if (imgp->firstpage) 459 exec_unmap_first_page(imgp); 460 if (imgp->image_header) 461 kmem_free_wakeup(exec_map, (vm_offset_t)imgp->image_header, 462 PAGE_SIZE); 463 if (nd->ni_vp) 464 vrele(nd->ni_vp); 465 466 free(tempdata, M_TEMP); 467 468 return error; 469 } 470 471 /* 472 * non static, as it can be overridden by start_init() 473 */ 474 int fallback_elf_brand = -1; 475 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, fallback_elf_brand, CTLFLAG_RW, 476 &fallback_elf_brand, -1, 477 "ELF brand of last resort"); 478 479 static int 480 exec_elf_imgact(struct image_params *imgp) 481 { 482 const Elf_Ehdr *hdr = (const Elf_Ehdr *) imgp->image_header; 483 const Elf_Phdr *phdr; 484 Elf_Auxargs *elf_auxargs = NULL; 485 struct vmspace *vmspace; 486 vm_prot_t prot; 487 u_long text_size = 0, data_size = 0, total_size = 0; 488 u_long text_addr = 0, data_addr = 0; 489 u_long seg_size, seg_addr; 490 u_long addr, entry = 0, proghdr = 0; 491 int error, i; 492 const char *interp = NULL; 493 Elf_Brandinfo *brand_info; 494 char *path; 495 496 error = 0; 497 498 /* 499 * Do we have a valid ELF header ? 500 */ 501 if (elf_check_header(hdr) != 0 || hdr->e_type != ET_EXEC) 502 return -1; 503 504 /* 505 * From here on down, we return an errno, not -1, as we've 506 * detected an ELF file. 507 */ 508 509 if ((hdr->e_phoff > PAGE_SIZE) || 510 (hdr->e_phoff + hdr->e_phentsize * hdr->e_phnum) > PAGE_SIZE) { 511 /* Only support headers in first page for now */ 512 return ENOEXEC; 513 } 514 phdr = (const Elf_Phdr*)(imgp->image_header + hdr->e_phoff); 515 516 /* 517 * From this point on, we may have resources that need to be freed. 518 */ 519 520 exec_new_vmspace(imgp, NULL); 521 522 /* 523 * Yeah, I'm paranoid. There is every reason in the world to get 524 * VTEXT now since from here on out, there are places we can have 525 * a context switch. Better safe than sorry; I really don't want 526 * the file to change while it's being loaded. 527 */ 528 lwkt_gettoken(&imgp->vp->v_interlock); 529 imgp->vp->v_flag |= VTEXT; 530 lwkt_reltoken(&imgp->vp->v_interlock); 531 532 vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace; 533 534 for (i = 0; i < hdr->e_phnum; i++) { 535 switch(phdr[i].p_type) { 536 537 case PT_LOAD: /* Loadable segment */ 538 prot = 0; 539 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_X) 540 prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE; 541 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_W) 542 prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE; 543 if (phdr[i].p_flags & PF_R) 544 prot |= VM_PROT_READ; 545 546 if ((error = elf_load_section(imgp->proc, 547 vmspace, imgp->vp, 548 phdr[i].p_offset, 549 (caddr_t)phdr[i].p_vaddr, 550 phdr[i].p_memsz, 551 phdr[i].p_filesz, prot)) != 0) 552 goto fail; 553 554 seg_addr = trunc_page(phdr[i].p_vaddr); 555 seg_size = round_page(phdr[i].p_memsz + 556 phdr[i].p_vaddr - seg_addr); 557 558 /* 559 * Is this .text or .data? We can't use 560 * VM_PROT_WRITE or VM_PROT_EXEC, it breaks the 561 * alpha terribly and possibly does other bad 562 * things so we stick to the old way of figuring 563 * it out: If the segment contains the program 564 * entry point, it's a text segment, otherwise it 565 * is a data segment. 566 * 567 * Note that obreak() assumes that data_addr + 568 * data_size == end of data load area, and the ELF 569 * file format expects segments to be sorted by 570 * address. If multiple data segments exist, the 571 * last one will be used. 572 */ 573 if (hdr->e_entry >= phdr[i].p_vaddr && 574 hdr->e_entry < (phdr[i].p_vaddr + 575 phdr[i].p_memsz)) { 576 text_size = seg_size; 577 text_addr = seg_addr; 578 entry = (u_long)hdr->e_entry; 579 } else { 580 data_size = seg_size; 581 data_addr = seg_addr; 582 } 583 total_size += seg_size; 584 585 /* 586 * Check limits. It should be safe to check the 587 * limits after loading the segment since we do 588 * not actually fault in all the segment's pages. 589 */ 590 if (data_size > 591 imgp->proc->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur || 592 text_size > maxtsiz || 593 total_size > 594 imgp->proc->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_VMEM].rlim_cur) { 595 error = ENOMEM; 596 goto fail; 597 } 598 break; 599 case PT_INTERP: /* Path to interpreter */ 600 if (phdr[i].p_filesz > MAXPATHLEN || 601 phdr[i].p_offset + phdr[i].p_filesz > PAGE_SIZE) { 602 error = ENOEXEC; 603 goto fail; 604 } 605 interp = imgp->image_header + phdr[i].p_offset; 606 break; 607 case PT_PHDR: /* Program header table info */ 608 proghdr = phdr[i].p_vaddr; 609 break; 610 default: 611 break; 612 } 613 } 614 615 vmspace->vm_tsize = text_size >> PAGE_SHIFT; 616 vmspace->vm_taddr = (caddr_t)(uintptr_t)text_addr; 617 vmspace->vm_dsize = data_size >> PAGE_SHIFT; 618 vmspace->vm_daddr = (caddr_t)(uintptr_t)data_addr; 619 620 addr = ELF_RTLD_ADDR(vmspace); 621 622 imgp->entry_addr = entry; 623 624 brand_info = NULL; 625 626 /* We support three types of branding -- (1) the ELF EI_OSABI field 627 * that SCO added to the ELF spec, (2) FreeBSD 3.x's traditional string 628 * branding w/in the ELF header, and (3) path of the `interp_path' 629 * field. We should also look for an ".note.ABI-tag" ELF section now 630 * in all Linux ELF binaries, FreeBSD 4.1+, and some NetBSD ones. 631 */ 632 633 /* If the executable has a brand, search for it in the brand list. */ 634 if (brand_info == NULL) { 635 for (i = 0; i < MAX_BRANDS; i++) { 636 Elf_Brandinfo *bi = elf_brand_list[i]; 637 638 if (bi != NULL && 639 (hdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] == bi->brand 640 || 0 == 641 strncmp((const char *)&hdr->e_ident[OLD_EI_BRAND], 642 bi->compat_3_brand, strlen(bi->compat_3_brand)))) { 643 brand_info = bi; 644 break; 645 } 646 } 647 } 648 649 /* Lacking a known brand, search for a recognized interpreter. */ 650 if (brand_info == NULL && interp != NULL) { 651 for (i = 0; i < MAX_BRANDS; i++) { 652 Elf_Brandinfo *bi = elf_brand_list[i]; 653 654 if (bi != NULL && 655 strcmp(interp, bi->interp_path) == 0) { 656 brand_info = bi; 657 break; 658 } 659 } 660 } 661 662 /* Lacking a recognized interpreter, try the default brand */ 663 if (brand_info == NULL) { 664 for (i = 0; i < MAX_BRANDS; i++) { 665 Elf_Brandinfo *bi = elf_brand_list[i]; 666 667 if (bi != NULL && fallback_elf_brand == bi->brand) { 668 brand_info = bi; 669 break; 670 } 671 } 672 } 673 674 if (brand_info == NULL) { 675 uprintf("ELF binary type \"%u\" not known.\n", 676 hdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI]); 677 error = ENOEXEC; 678 goto fail; 679 } 680 681 imgp->proc->p_sysent = brand_info->sysvec; 682 if (interp != NULL) { 683 path = malloc(MAXPATHLEN, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK); 684 snprintf(path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s", 685 brand_info->emul_path, interp); 686 if ((error = elf_load_file(imgp->proc, path, &addr, 687 &imgp->entry_addr)) != 0) { 688 if ((error = elf_load_file(imgp->proc, interp, &addr, 689 &imgp->entry_addr)) != 0) { 690 uprintf("ELF interpreter %s not found\n", path); 691 free(path, M_TEMP); 692 goto fail; 693 } 694 } 695 free(path, M_TEMP); 696 } 697 698 /* 699 * Construct auxargs table (used by the fixup routine) 700 */ 701 elf_auxargs = malloc(sizeof(Elf_Auxargs), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK); 702 elf_auxargs->execfd = -1; 703 elf_auxargs->phdr = proghdr; 704 elf_auxargs->phent = hdr->e_phentsize; 705 elf_auxargs->phnum = hdr->e_phnum; 706 elf_auxargs->pagesz = PAGE_SIZE; 707 elf_auxargs->base = addr; 708 elf_auxargs->flags = 0; 709 elf_auxargs->entry = entry; 710 elf_auxargs->trace = elf_trace; 711 712 imgp->auxargs = elf_auxargs; 713 imgp->interpreted = 0; 714 715 fail: 716 return error; 717 } 718 719 static int 720 elf_freebsd_fixup(register_t **stack_base, struct image_params *imgp) 721 { 722 Elf_Auxargs *args = (Elf_Auxargs *)imgp->auxargs; 723 register_t *pos; 724 725 pos = *stack_base + (imgp->args->argc + imgp->args->envc + 2); 726 727 if (args->trace) { 728 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_DEBUG, 1); 729 } 730 if (args->execfd != -1) { 731 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_EXECFD, args->execfd); 732 } 733 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHDR, args->phdr); 734 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHENT, args->phent); 735 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHNUM, args->phnum); 736 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PAGESZ, args->pagesz); 737 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_FLAGS, args->flags); 738 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_ENTRY, args->entry); 739 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_BASE, args->base); 740 AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_NULL, 0); 741 742 free(imgp->auxargs, M_TEMP); 743 imgp->auxargs = NULL; 744 745 (*stack_base)--; 746 suword(*stack_base, (long) imgp->args->argc); 747 return 0; 748 } 749 750 /* 751 * Code for generating ELF core dumps. 752 */ 753 754 typedef int (*segment_callback) (vm_map_entry_t, void *); 755 756 /* Closure for cb_put_phdr(). */ 757 struct phdr_closure { 758 Elf_Phdr *phdr; /* Program header to fill in (incremented) */ 759 Elf_Phdr *phdr_max; /* Pointer bound for error check */ 760 Elf_Off offset; /* Offset of segment in core file */ 761 }; 762 763 /* Closure for cb_size_segment(). */ 764 struct sseg_closure { 765 int count; /* Count of writable segments. */ 766 size_t vsize; /* Total size of all writable segments. */ 767 }; 768 769 /* Closure for cb_put_fp(). */ 770 struct fp_closure { 771 struct vn_hdr *vnh; 772 struct vn_hdr *vnh_max; 773 int count; 774 struct stat *sb; 775 }; 776 777 typedef struct elf_buf { 778 char *buf; 779 size_t off; 780 size_t off_max; 781 } *elf_buf_t; 782 783 static void *target_reserve(elf_buf_t target, size_t bytes, int *error); 784 785 static int cb_put_phdr (vm_map_entry_t, void *); 786 static int cb_size_segment (vm_map_entry_t, void *); 787 static int cb_fpcount_segment(vm_map_entry_t, void *); 788 static int cb_put_fp(vm_map_entry_t, void *); 789 790 791 static int each_segment (struct proc *, segment_callback, void *, int); 792 static int elf_corehdr (struct proc *, struct file *, struct ucred *, 793 int, elf_buf_t); 794 static int elf_puthdr (struct proc *, elf_buf_t, const prstatus_t *, 795 const prfpregset_t *, const prpsinfo_t *, int); 796 static int elf_putnote (elf_buf_t, const char *, int, const void *, size_t); 797 798 static int elf_putsigs(struct proc *, elf_buf_t); 799 static int elf_puttextvp(struct proc *, elf_buf_t); 800 static int elf_putfiles(struct proc *, elf_buf_t); 801 802 extern int osreldate; 803 804 int 805 elf_coredump(struct proc *p, struct vnode *vp, off_t limit) 806 { 807 struct file *fp; 808 int error; 809 810 if ((error = falloc(NULL, &fp, NULL)) != 0) 811 return (error); 812 fsetcred(fp, p->p_ucred); 813 814 fp->f_data = (caddr_t)vp; 815 fp->f_flag = O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_NOFOLLOW; 816 fp->f_ops = &vnops; 817 fp->f_type = DTYPE_VNODE; 818 VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, p->p_thread); 819 820 error = generic_elf_coredump(p, fp, limit); 821 822 fp->f_data = NULL; 823 fp->f_flag = 0; 824 fp->f_ops = &badfileops; 825 fp->f_type = 0; 826 fdrop(fp, p->p_thread); 827 return (error); 828 } 829 830 int 831 generic_elf_coredump(struct proc *p, struct file *fp, off_t limit) 832 { 833 struct ucred *cred = p->p_ucred; 834 int error = 0; 835 struct sseg_closure seginfo; 836 struct elf_buf target; 837 838 if (!fp) 839 printf("can't dump core - null fp\n"); 840 841 /* 842 * Size the program segments 843 */ 844 seginfo.count = 0; 845 seginfo.vsize = 0; 846 each_segment(p, cb_size_segment, &seginfo, 1); 847 848 /* 849 * Calculate the size of the core file header area by making 850 * a dry run of generating it. Nothing is written, but the 851 * size is calculated. 852 */ 853 bzero(&target, sizeof(target)); 854 elf_puthdr(p, &target, NULL, NULL, NULL, seginfo.count); 855 856 if (target.off + seginfo.vsize >= limit) 857 return (EFAULT); 858 859 /* 860 * Allocate memory for building the header, fill it up, 861 * and write it out. 862 */ 863 target.off_max = target.off; 864 target.off = 0; 865 target.buf = malloc(target.off_max, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK|M_ZERO); 866 867 if (target.buf == NULL) 868 return EINVAL; 869 error = elf_corehdr(p, fp, cred, seginfo.count, &target); 870 871 /* Write the contents of all of the writable segments. */ 872 if (error == 0) { 873 Elf_Phdr *php; 874 int i; 875 int nbytes; 876 877 php = (Elf_Phdr *)(target.buf + sizeof(Elf_Ehdr)) + 1; 878 for (i = 0; i < seginfo.count; i++) { 879 error = fp_write(fp, (caddr_t)php->p_vaddr, 880 php->p_filesz, &nbytes); 881 if (error != 0) 882 break; 883 php++; 884 } 885 } 886 free(target.buf, M_TEMP); 887 888 return error; 889 } 890 891 /* 892 * A callback for each_segment() to write out the segment's 893 * program header entry. 894 */ 895 static int 896 cb_put_phdr(vm_map_entry_t entry, void *closure) 897 { 898 struct phdr_closure *phc = closure; 899 Elf_Phdr *phdr = phc->phdr; 900 901 if (phc->phdr == phc->phdr_max) 902 return EINVAL; 903 904 phc->offset = round_page(phc->offset); 905 906 phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD; 907 phdr->p_offset = phc->offset; 908 phdr->p_vaddr = entry->start; 909 phdr->p_paddr = 0; 910 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = entry->end - entry->start; 911 phdr->p_align = PAGE_SIZE; 912 phdr->p_flags = 0; 913 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) 914 phdr->p_flags |= PF_R; 915 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) 916 phdr->p_flags |= PF_W; 917 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) 918 phdr->p_flags |= PF_X; 919 920 phc->offset += phdr->p_filesz; 921 ++phc->phdr; 922 return 0; 923 } 924 925 /* 926 * A callback for each_writable_segment() to gather information about 927 * the number of segments and their total size. 928 */ 929 static int 930 cb_size_segment(vm_map_entry_t entry, void *closure) 931 { 932 struct sseg_closure *ssc = closure; 933 934 ++ssc->count; 935 ssc->vsize += entry->end - entry->start; 936 return 0; 937 } 938 939 /* 940 * A callback for each_segment() to gather information about 941 * the number of text segments. 942 */ 943 static int 944 cb_fpcount_segment(vm_map_entry_t entry, void *closure) 945 { 946 int *count = closure; 947 if (entry->object.vm_object->type == OBJT_VNODE) 948 ++*count; 949 return 0; 950 } 951 952 static int 953 cb_put_fp(vm_map_entry_t entry, void *closure) 954 { 955 struct fp_closure *fpc = closure; 956 struct vn_hdr *vnh = fpc->vnh; 957 Elf_Phdr *phdr = &vnh->vnh_phdr; 958 struct vnode *vp; 959 int error; 960 961 if (entry->object.vm_object->type == OBJT_VNODE) { 962 if (vnh == fpc->vnh_max) 963 return EINVAL; 964 vp = (struct vnode *)entry->object.vm_object->handle; 965 966 if (vp->v_mount) 967 vnh->vnh_fh.fh_fsid = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_fsid; 968 error = VFS_VPTOFH(vp, &vnh->vnh_fh.fh_fid); 969 if (error) 970 return error; 971 972 phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD; 973 phdr->p_offset = 0; /* not written to core */ 974 phdr->p_vaddr = entry->start; 975 phdr->p_paddr = 0; 976 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = entry->end - entry->start; 977 phdr->p_align = PAGE_SIZE; 978 phdr->p_flags = 0; 979 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) 980 phdr->p_flags |= PF_R; 981 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) 982 phdr->p_flags |= PF_W; 983 if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) 984 phdr->p_flags |= PF_X; 985 ++fpc->vnh; 986 ++fpc->count; 987 } 988 return 0; 989 } 990 991 /* 992 * For each writable segment in the process's memory map, call the given 993 * function with a pointer to the map entry and some arbitrary 994 * caller-supplied data. 995 */ 996 static int 997 each_segment(struct proc *p, segment_callback func, void *closure, int writable) 998 { 999 int error = 0; 1000 vm_map_t map = &p->p_vmspace->vm_map; 1001 vm_map_entry_t entry; 1002 1003 for (entry = map->header.next; error == 0 && entry != &map->header; 1004 entry = entry->next) { 1005 vm_object_t obj; 1006 1007 /* 1008 * Don't dump inaccessible mappings, deal with legacy 1009 * coredump mode. 1010 * 1011 * Note that read-only segments related to the elf binary 1012 * are marked MAP_ENTRY_NOCOREDUMP now so we no longer 1013 * need to arbitrarily ignore such segments. 1014 */ 1015 if (elf_legacy_coredump) { 1016 if (writable && (entry->protection & VM_PROT_RW) != VM_PROT_RW) 1017 continue; 1018 } else { 1019 if (writable && (entry->protection & VM_PROT_ALL) == 0) 1020 continue; 1021 } 1022 1023 /* 1024 * Dont include memory segment in the coredump if 1025 * MAP_NOCORE is set in mmap(2) or MADV_NOCORE in 1026 * madvise(2). Do not dump submaps (i.e. parts of the 1027 * kernel map). 1028 */ 1029 if (writable && entry->eflags & (MAP_ENTRY_NOCOREDUMP|MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP)) 1030 continue; 1031 1032 if ((obj = entry->object.vm_object) == NULL) 1033 continue; 1034 1035 /* Find the deepest backing object. */ 1036 while (obj->backing_object != NULL) 1037 obj = obj->backing_object; 1038 1039 /* Ignore memory-mapped devices and such things. */ 1040 if (obj->type != OBJT_DEFAULT && 1041 obj->type != OBJT_SWAP && 1042 obj->type != OBJT_VNODE) 1043 continue; 1044 1045 error = (*func)(entry, closure); 1046 } 1047 return error; 1048 } 1049 1050 static 1051 void * 1052 target_reserve(elf_buf_t target, size_t bytes, int *error) 1053 { 1054 void *res = NULL; 1055 1056 if (target->buf) { 1057 if (target->off + bytes > target->off_max) 1058 *error = EINVAL; 1059 else 1060 res = target->buf + target->off; 1061 } 1062 target->off += bytes; 1063 return (res); 1064 } 1065 1066 /* 1067 * Write the core file header to the file, including padding up to 1068 * the page boundary. 1069 */ 1070 static int 1071 elf_corehdr(struct proc *p, struct file *fp, struct ucred *cred, int numsegs, 1072 elf_buf_t target) 1073 { 1074 struct { 1075 prstatus_t status; 1076 prfpregset_t fpregset; 1077 prpsinfo_t psinfo; 1078 } *tempdata; 1079 int error; 1080 prstatus_t *status; 1081 prfpregset_t *fpregset; 1082 prpsinfo_t *psinfo; 1083 int nbytes; 1084 tempdata = malloc(sizeof(*tempdata), M_TEMP, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK); 1085 status = &tempdata->status; 1086 fpregset = &tempdata->fpregset; 1087 psinfo = &tempdata->psinfo; 1088 1089 /* Gather the information for the header. */ 1090 status->pr_version = PRSTATUS_VERSION; 1091 status->pr_statussz = sizeof(prstatus_t); 1092 status->pr_gregsetsz = sizeof(gregset_t); 1093 status->pr_fpregsetsz = sizeof(fpregset_t); 1094 status->pr_osreldate = osreldate; 1095 status->pr_cursig = p->p_sig; 1096 status->pr_pid = p->p_pid; 1097 fill_regs(p, &status->pr_reg); 1098 1099 fill_fpregs(p, fpregset); 1100 1101 psinfo->pr_version = PRPSINFO_VERSION; 1102 psinfo->pr_psinfosz = sizeof(prpsinfo_t); 1103 strncpy(psinfo->pr_fname, p->p_comm, sizeof(psinfo->pr_fname) - 1); 1104 1105 /* XXX - We don't fill in the command line arguments properly yet. */ 1106 strncpy(psinfo->pr_psargs, p->p_comm, PRARGSZ); 1107 1108 /* Fill in the header. */ 1109 error = elf_puthdr(p, target, status, fpregset, psinfo, numsegs); 1110 1111 free(tempdata, M_TEMP); 1112 1113 /* Write it to the core file. */ 1114 if (error == 0) 1115 error = fp_write(fp, target->buf, target->off, &nbytes); 1116 return error; 1117 } 1118 1119 static int 1120 elf_puthdr(struct proc *p, elf_buf_t target, const prstatus_t *status, 1121 const prfpregset_t *fpregset, const prpsinfo_t *psinfo, int numsegs) 1122 { 1123 int error = 0; 1124 size_t phoff; 1125 size_t noteoff; 1126 size_t notesz; 1127 Elf_Ehdr *ehdr; 1128 Elf_Phdr *phdr; 1129 1130 ehdr = target_reserve(target, sizeof(Elf_Ehdr), &error); 1131 1132 phoff = target->off; 1133 phdr = target_reserve(target, (numsegs + 1) * sizeof(Elf_Phdr), &error); 1134 1135 noteoff = target->off; 1136 if (error == 0) { 1137 error = elf_putnote(target, "FreeBSD", NT_PRSTATUS, 1138 status, sizeof *status); 1139 } 1140 if (error == 0) { 1141 error = elf_putnote(target, "FreeBSD", NT_FPREGSET, 1142 fpregset, sizeof *fpregset); 1143 } 1144 if (error == 0) { 1145 error = elf_putnote(target, "FreeBSD", NT_PRPSINFO, 1146 psinfo, sizeof *psinfo); 1147 } 1148 notesz = target->off - noteoff; 1149 1150 /* 1151 * put extra cruft for dumping process state here 1152 * - we really want it be before all the program 1153 * mappings 1154 * - we just need to update the offset accordingly 1155 * and GDB will be none the wiser. 1156 */ 1157 if (error == 0) 1158 error = elf_puttextvp(p, target); 1159 if (error == 0) 1160 error = elf_putsigs(p, target); 1161 if (error == 0) 1162 error = elf_putfiles(p, target); 1163 1164 /* 1165 * Align up to a page boundary for the program segments. The 1166 * actual data will be written to the outptu file, not to elf_buf_t, 1167 * so we do not have to do any further bounds checking. 1168 */ 1169 target->off = round_page(target->off); 1170 if (error == 0 && ehdr != NULL) { 1171 /* 1172 * Fill in the ELF header. 1173 */ 1174 ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0; 1175 ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1; 1176 ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2; 1177 ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3; 1178 ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELF_CLASS; 1179 ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELF_DATA; 1180 ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT; 1181 ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_FREEBSD; 1182 ehdr->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION] = 0; 1183 ehdr->e_ident[EI_PAD] = 0; 1184 ehdr->e_type = ET_CORE; 1185 ehdr->e_machine = ELF_ARCH; 1186 ehdr->e_version = EV_CURRENT; 1187 ehdr->e_entry = 0; 1188 ehdr->e_phoff = phoff; 1189 ehdr->e_flags = 0; 1190 ehdr->e_ehsize = sizeof(Elf_Ehdr); 1191 ehdr->e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf_Phdr); 1192 ehdr->e_phnum = numsegs + 1; 1193 ehdr->e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf_Shdr); 1194 ehdr->e_shnum = 0; 1195 ehdr->e_shstrndx = SHN_UNDEF; 1196 } 1197 if (error == 0 && phdr != NULL) { 1198 /* 1199 * Fill in the program header entries. 1200 */ 1201 struct phdr_closure phc; 1202 1203 /* The note segement. */ 1204 phdr->p_type = PT_NOTE; 1205 phdr->p_offset = noteoff; 1206 phdr->p_vaddr = 0; 1207 phdr->p_paddr = 0; 1208 phdr->p_filesz = notesz; 1209 phdr->p_memsz = 0; 1210 phdr->p_flags = 0; 1211 phdr->p_align = 0; 1212 ++phdr; 1213 1214 /* All the writable segments from the program. */ 1215 phc.phdr = phdr; 1216 phc.phdr_max = phdr + numsegs; 1217 phc.offset = target->off; 1218 each_segment(p, cb_put_phdr, &phc, 1); 1219 } 1220 return (error); 1221 } 1222 1223 static int 1224 elf_putnote(elf_buf_t target, const char *name, int type, 1225 const void *desc, size_t descsz) 1226 { 1227 int error = 0; 1228 char *dst; 1229 Elf_Note note; 1230 1231 note.n_namesz = strlen(name) + 1; 1232 note.n_descsz = descsz; 1233 note.n_type = type; 1234 dst = target_reserve(target, sizeof(note), &error); 1235 if (dst != NULL) 1236 bcopy(¬e, dst, sizeof note); 1237 dst = target_reserve(target, note.n_namesz, &error); 1238 if (dst != NULL) 1239 bcopy(name, dst, note.n_namesz); 1240 target->off = roundup2(target->off, sizeof(Elf_Size)); 1241 dst = target_reserve(target, note.n_descsz, &error); 1242 if (dst != NULL) 1243 bcopy(desc, dst, note.n_descsz); 1244 target->off = roundup2(target->off, sizeof(Elf_Size)); 1245 return(error); 1246 } 1247 1248 1249 static int 1250 elf_putsigs(struct proc *p, elf_buf_t target) 1251 { 1252 int error = 0; 1253 struct ckpt_siginfo *csi; 1254 1255 csi = target_reserve(target, sizeof(struct ckpt_siginfo), &error); 1256 if (csi) { 1257 csi->csi_ckptpisz = sizeof(struct ckpt_siginfo); 1258 bcopy(p->p_procsig, &csi->csi_procsig, sizeof(struct procsig)); 1259 bcopy(p->p_procsig->ps_sigacts, &csi->csi_sigacts, sizeof(struct sigacts)); 1260 bcopy(&p->p_realtimer, &csi->csi_itimerval, sizeof(struct itimerval)); 1261 csi->csi_sigparent = p->p_sigparent; 1262 } 1263 return(error); 1264 } 1265 1266 static int 1267 elf_putfiles(struct proc *p, elf_buf_t target) 1268 { 1269 int error = 0; 1270 int i; 1271 struct ckpt_filehdr *cfh = NULL; 1272 struct ckpt_fileinfo *cfi; 1273 struct file *fp; 1274 struct vnode *vp; 1275 /* 1276 * the duplicated loop is gross, but it was the only way 1277 * to eliminate uninitialized variable warnings 1278 */ 1279 cfh = target_reserve(target, sizeof(struct ckpt_filehdr), &error); 1280 if (cfh) { 1281 cfh->cfh_nfiles = 0; 1282 } 1283 1284 /* 1285 * ignore STDIN/STDERR/STDOUT 1286 */ 1287 for (i = 3; error == 0 && i < p->p_fd->fd_nfiles; i++) { 1288 if ((fp = p->p_fd->fd_ofiles[i]) == NULL) 1289 continue; 1290 if (fp->f_type != DTYPE_VNODE) 1291 continue; 1292 cfi = target_reserve(target, sizeof(struct ckpt_fileinfo), &error); 1293 if (cfi) { 1294 cfi->cfi_index = -1; 1295 vp = (struct vnode *)fp->f_data; 1296 /* 1297 * it looks like a bug in ptrace is marking 1298 * a non-vnode as a vnode - until we find the 1299 * root cause this will at least prevent 1300 * further panics from truss 1301 */ 1302 if (vp == NULL || vp->v_mount == NULL) 1303 continue; 1304 cfh->cfh_nfiles++; 1305 cfi->cfi_index = i; 1306 cfi->cfi_flags = fp->f_flag; 1307 cfi->cfi_offset = fp->f_offset; 1308 cfi->cfi_fh.fh_fsid = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_fsid; 1309 error = VFS_VPTOFH(vp, &cfi->cfi_fh.fh_fid); 1310 } 1311 } 1312 return(error); 1313 } 1314 1315 static int 1316 elf_puttextvp(struct proc *p, elf_buf_t target) 1317 { 1318 int error = 0; 1319 int *vn_count; 1320 struct fp_closure fpc; 1321 struct ckpt_vminfo *vminfo; 1322 1323 vminfo = target_reserve(target, sizeof(struct ckpt_vminfo), &error); 1324 if (vminfo != NULL) { 1325 vminfo->cvm_dsize = p->p_vmspace->vm_dsize; 1326 vminfo->cvm_tsize = p->p_vmspace->vm_tsize; 1327 vminfo->cvm_daddr = p->p_vmspace->vm_daddr; 1328 vminfo->cvm_taddr = p->p_vmspace->vm_taddr; 1329 } 1330 1331 fpc.count = 0; 1332 vn_count = target_reserve(target, sizeof(int), &error); 1333 if (target->buf != NULL) { 1334 fpc.vnh = (struct vn_hdr *)(target->buf + target->off); 1335 fpc.vnh_max = fpc.vnh + 1336 (target->off_max - target->off) / sizeof(struct vn_hdr); 1337 error = each_segment(p, cb_put_fp, &fpc, 0); 1338 if (vn_count) 1339 *vn_count = fpc.count; 1340 } else { 1341 error = each_segment(p, cb_fpcount_segment, &fpc.count, 0); 1342 } 1343 target->off += fpc.count * sizeof(struct vn_hdr); 1344 return(error); 1345 } 1346 1347 1348 /* 1349 * Tell kern_execve.c about it, with a little help from the linker. 1350 */ 1351 static struct execsw elf_execsw = {exec_elf_imgact, "ELF"}; 1352 EXEC_SET(elf, elf_execsw); 1353