xref: /dragonfly/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 19fe1c42)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2004 Jeffrey M. Hsu.  All rights reserved.
3  * Copyright (c) 2004 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
6  * by Jeffrey M. Hsu.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
17  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
18  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
24  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
27  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
30  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
36  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
37  *
38  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
40  * are met:
41  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
47  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
48  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
49  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
50  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
51  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
52  *    without specific prior written permission.
53  *
54  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
55  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
56  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
57  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
58  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
59  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
60  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
61  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
62  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
63  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
64  * SUCH DAMAGE.
65  *
66  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
67  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.39.2.20 2003/01/29 22:45:36 hsu Exp $
68  * $DragonFly: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.34 2007/04/22 01:13:14 dillon Exp $
69  */
70 
71 #include "opt_inet6.h"
72 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
73 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
74 
75 #include <sys/param.h>
76 #include <sys/systm.h>
77 #include <sys/kernel.h>
78 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
79 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
80 #include <sys/domain.h>
81 #include <sys/protosw.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
84 #include <sys/in_cksum.h>
85 #include <sys/thread.h>
86 #include <sys/globaldata.h>
87 
88 #include <net/route.h>
89 
90 #include <netinet/in.h>
91 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
92 #include <netinet/ip.h>
93 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
94 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
95 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
96 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
97 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
98 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
99 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
100 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
101 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
102 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
103 #include <netinet/tcp_timer2.h>
104 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
105 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
106 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
107 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
108 #endif
109 
110 #ifdef IPSEC
111 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
112 #endif /*IPSEC*/
113 
114 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
115 #include <netproto/ipsec/ipsec.h>
116 #define	IPSEC
117 #endif /*FAST_IPSEC*/
118 
119 #ifdef notyet
120 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
121 #endif
122 
123 int path_mtu_discovery = 0;
124 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
125 	&path_mtu_discovery, 1, "Enable Path MTU Discovery");
126 
127 static int avoid_pure_win_update = 1;
128 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, avoid_pure_win_update, CTLFLAG_RW,
129 	&avoid_pure_win_update, 1, "Avoid pure window updates when possible");
130 
131 /*
132  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
133  */
134 int
135 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
136 {
137 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
138 	struct socket *so = inp->inp_socket;
139 	long len, recvwin, sendwin;
140 	int nsacked = 0;
141 	int off, flags, error;
142 	struct mbuf *m;
143 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
144 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
145 	struct tcphdr *th;
146 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
147 	unsigned int ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
148 	int idle;
149 	boolean_t sendalot;
150 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
151 #ifdef INET6
152 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
153 #else
154 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
155 #endif
156 	struct rmxp_tao *taop;
157 
158 	/*
159 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
160 	 * and flags that will be used.
161 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
162 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
163 	 */
164 
165 	/*
166 	 * If we have been idle for a while, the send congestion window
167 	 * could be no longer representative of the current state of the link.
168 	 * So unless we are expecting more acks to come in, slow-start from
169 	 * scratch to re-determine the send congestion window.
170 	 */
171 	if (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una &&
172 	    (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur) {
173 		if (tcp_do_rfc3390) {
174 			int initial_cwnd =
175 			    min(4 * tp->t_maxseg, max(2 * tp->t_maxseg, 4380));
176 
177 			tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, initial_cwnd);
178 		} else {
179 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
180 		}
181 		tp->snd_wacked = 0;
182 	}
183 
184 	/*
185 	 * Calculate whether the transmit stream was previously idle
186 	 * and adjust TF_LASTIDLE for the next time.
187 	 */
188 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
189 	if (idle && (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME))
190 		tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
191 	else
192 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
193 
194 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
195 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
196 		nsacked = tcp_sack_bytes_below(&tp->scb, tp->snd_nxt);
197 
198 again:
199 	/* Make use of SACK information when slow-starting after a RTO. */
200 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
201 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp)) {
202 		tcp_seq old_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;
203 
204 		tcp_sack_skip_sacked(&tp->scb, &tp->snd_nxt);
205 		nsacked += tp->snd_nxt - old_snd_nxt;
206 	}
207 
208 	sendalot = FALSE;
209 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
210 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd + nsacked);
211 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
212 
213 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
214 	/*
215 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
216 	 * state flags.
217 	 */
218 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
219 		flags |= TH_FIN;
220 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
221 		flags |= TH_SYN;
222 
223 	/*
224 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
225 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
226 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
227 	 * and go to transmit state.
228 	 */
229 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) {
230 		if (sendwin == 0) {
231 			/*
232 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
233 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
234 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
235 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
236 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
237 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
238 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
239 			 * up sending the packet without recording
240 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
241 			 *
242 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
243 			 * because if we don't have any more data
244 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
245 			 * itself.
246 			 */
247 			if (off < so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
248 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
249 			sendwin = 1;
250 		} else {
251 			tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_persist);
252 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
253 		}
254 	}
255 
256 	/*
257 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
258 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.ssb_cc is 0, resulting in
259 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
260 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
261 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
262 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
263 	 *
264 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
265 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
266 	 * wind up 0.
267 	 */
268 	len = (long)ulmin(so->so_snd.ssb_cc, sendwin) - off;
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
272 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
273 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
274 	 */
275 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
276 		flags &= ~TH_SYN;
277 		off--, len++;
278 		if (len > 0 && tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT &&
279 		    ((taop = tcp_gettaocache(&inp->inp_inc)) == NULL ||
280 		     taop->tao_ccsent == 0))
281 			return 0;
282 	}
283 
284 	/*
285 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments
286 	 * in cases when no CC option will be sent.
287 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
288 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
289 	 */
290 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) &&
291 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) || !(tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_CC) ||
292 	     ((flags & TH_ACK) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC)))) {
293 		len = 0;
294 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
295 	}
296 
297 	if (len < 0) {
298 		/*
299 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
300 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
301 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
302 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
303 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
304 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
305 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
306 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
307 		 */
308 		len = 0;
309 		if (sendwin == 0) {
310 			tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_rexmt);
311 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
312 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
313 			if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist))
314 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
315 		}
316 	}
317 
318 	/*
319 	 * len will be >= 0 after this point.  Truncate to the maximum
320 	 * segment length and ensure that FIN is removed if the length
321 	 * no longer contains the last data byte.
322 	 */
323 	if (len > tp->t_maxseg) {
324 		len = tp->t_maxseg;
325 		sendalot = TRUE;
326 	}
327 	if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.ssb_cc))
328 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
329 
330 	recvwin = ssb_space(&so->so_rcv);
331 
332 	/*
333 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
334 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
335 	 *
336 	 *	- We have a full segment
337 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
338 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
339 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
340 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
341 	 *	  data (receiver may be limiting the window size)
342 	 *	- we need to retransmit
343 	 */
344 	if (len) {
345 		if (len == tp->t_maxseg)
346 			goto send;
347 		/*
348 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
349 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
350 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
351 		 *
352 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
353 		 */
354 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
355 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
356 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.ssb_cc &&
357 		    !(tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH)) {
358 			goto send;
359 		}
360 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE)		/* typ. timeout case */
361 			goto send;
362 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
363 			goto send;
364 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
365 			goto send;
366 	}
367 
368 	/*
369 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
370 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
371 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
372 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
373 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
374 	 */
375 	if (recvwin > 0) {
376 		/*
377 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
378 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
379 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
380 		 */
381 		long adv = min(recvwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
382 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
383 
384 		/*
385 		 * This ack case typically occurs when the user has drained
386 		 * the TCP socket buffer sufficiently to warrent an ack
387 		 * containing a 'pure window update'... that is, an ack that
388 		 * ONLY updates the tcp window.
389 		 *
390 		 * It is unclear why we would need to do a pure window update
391 		 * past 2 segments if we are going to do one at 1/2 the high
392 		 * water mark anyway, especially since under normal conditions
393 		 * the user program will drain the socket buffer quickly.
394 		 * The 2-segment pure window update will often add a large
395 		 * number of extra, unnecessary acks to the stream.
396 		 *
397 		 * avoid_pure_win_update now defaults to 1.
398 		 */
399 		if (avoid_pure_win_update == 0) {
400 			if (adv >= (long) (2 * tp->t_maxseg))
401 				goto send;
402 		}
403 		if (2 * adv >= (long) so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat)
404 			goto send;
405 	}
406 
407 	/*
408 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
409 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
410 	 */
411 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
412 		goto send;
413 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
414 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)))
415 		goto send;
416 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
417 		goto send;
418 	/*
419 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
420 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
421 	 */
422 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
423 	    (!(tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
424 		goto send;
425 
426 	/*
427 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
428 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
429 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
430 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
431 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
432 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
433 	 *
434 	 * tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)
435 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
436 	 * The TF_FORCE flag in tp->t_flags
437 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
438 	 * tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt)
439 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
440 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
441 	 *
442 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
443 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
444 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
445 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
446 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
447 	 */
448 	if (so->so_snd.ssb_cc > 0 &&
449 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
450 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
451 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
452 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
453 	}
454 
455 	/*
456 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
457 	 */
458 	return (0);
459 
460 send:
461 	/*
462 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
463 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
464 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
465 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
466 	 * link header, i.e.
467 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof(struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
468 	 */
469 	optlen = 0;
470 	if (isipv6)
471 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
472 	else
473 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct tcpiphdr);
474 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
475 		tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
476 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
477 			u_short mss;
478 
479 			opt[0] = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
480 			opt[1] = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
481 			mss = htons((u_short) tcp_mssopt(tp));
482 			memcpy(opt + 2, &mss, sizeof mss);
483 			optlen = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
484 
485 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE) &&
486 			    (!(flags & TH_ACK) ||
487 			     (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_SCALE))) {
488 				*((u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen)) = htonl(
489 					TCPOPT_NOP << 24 |
490 					TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16 |
491 					TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8 |
492 					tp->request_r_scale);
493 				optlen += 4;
494 			}
495 
496 			if ((tcp_do_sack && !(flags & TH_ACK)) ||
497 			    tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMITTED) {
498 				uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)(opt + optlen);
499 
500 				*lp = htonl(TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED);
501 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED;
502 			}
503 		}
504 	}
505 
506 	/*
507 	 * Send a timestamp and echo-reply if this is a SYN and our side
508 	 * wants to use timestamps (TF_REQ_TSTMP is set) or both our side
509 	 * and our peer have sent timestamps in our SYN's.
510 	 */
511 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
512 	    !(flags & TH_RST) &&
513 	    (!(flags & TH_ACK) || (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))) {
514 		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen);
515 
516 		/* Form timestamp option as shown in appendix A of RFC 1323. */
517 		*lp++ = htonl(TCPOPT_TSTAMP_HDR);
518 		*lp++ = htonl(ticks);
519 		*lp   = htonl(tp->ts_recent);
520 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
521 	}
522 
523 	/*
524 	 * Send `CC-family' options if our side wants to use them (TF_REQ_CC),
525 	 * options are allowed (!TF_NOOPT) and it's not a RST.
526 	 */
527 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_CC | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_CC &&
528 	     !(flags & TH_RST)) {
529 		switch (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_ACK)) {
530 		/*
531 		 * This is a normal ACK, send CC if we received CC before
532 		 * from our peer.
533 		 */
534 		case TH_ACK:
535 			if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC))
536 				break;
537 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
538 
539 		/*
540 		 * We can only get here in T/TCP's SYN_SENT* state, when
541 		 * we're a sending a non-SYN segment without waiting for
542 		 * the ACK of our SYN.  A check above assures that we only
543 		 * do this if our peer understands T/TCP.
544 		 */
545 		case 0:
546 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
547 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
548 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
549 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
550 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
551 			optlen += 4;
552 			break;
553 
554 		/*
555 		 * This is our initial SYN, check whether we have to use
556 		 * CC or CC.new.
557 		 */
558 		case TH_SYN:
559 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
560 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
561 			opt[optlen++] = tp->t_flags & TF_SENDCCNEW ?
562 						TCPOPT_CCNEW : TCPOPT_CC;
563 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
564 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
565 			optlen += 4;
566 			break;
567 
568 		/*
569 		 * This is a SYN,ACK; send CC and CC.echo if we received
570 		 * CC from our peer.
571 		 */
572 		case (TH_SYN | TH_ACK):
573 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC) {
574 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
575 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
576 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
577 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
578 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
579 				optlen += 4;
580 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
581 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
582 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CCECHO;
583 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
584 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_recv);
585 				optlen += 4;
586 			}
587 			break;
588 		}
589 	}
590 
591 	/*
592 	 * If this is a SACK connection and we have a block to report,
593 	 * fill in the SACK blocks in the TCP options.
594 	 */
595 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_SACK_PERMITTED | TF_NOOPT)) ==
596 		TF_SACK_PERMITTED &&
597 	    (!LIST_EMPTY(&tp->t_segq) ||
598 	     tp->reportblk.rblk_start != tp->reportblk.rblk_end))
599 		tcp_sack_fill_report(tp, opt, &optlen);
600 
601 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("too many TCP options"));
602 	hdrlen += optlen;
603 
604 	if (isipv6) {
605 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
606 	} else {
607 		if (inp->inp_options) {
608 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
609 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
610 		} else {
611 			ipoptlen = 0;
612 		}
613 	}
614 #ifdef IPSEC
615 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
616 #endif
617 
618 	/*
619 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will bump the packet
620 	 * length beyond the t_maxopd length.  Clear FIN to prevent premature
621 	 * closure since there is still more data to send after this (now
622 	 * truncated) packet.
623 	 *
624 	 * If just the options do not fit we are in a no-win situation and
625 	 * we treat it as an unreachable host.
626 	 */
627 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
628 		if (tp->t_maxopd <= optlen + ipoptlen) {
629 			static time_t last_optlen_report;
630 
631 			if (last_optlen_report != time_second) {
632 				last_optlen_report = time_second;
633 				kprintf("tcpcb %p: MSS (%d) too small to hold options!\n", tp, tp->t_maxopd);
634 			}
635 			error = EHOSTUNREACH;
636 			goto out;
637 		} else {
638 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
639 			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
640 			sendalot = TRUE;
641 		}
642 	}
643 
644 #ifdef INET6
645 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MCLBYTES, ("tcphdr too big"));
646 #else
647 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MHLEN, ("tcphdr too big"));
648 #endif
649 
650 	/*
651 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
652 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
653 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
654 	 */
655 	if (len) {
656 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) && len == 1)
657 			tcpstat.tcps_sndprobe++;
658 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
659 			if (tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una)
660 				tp->snd_max_rexmt = tp->snd_max;
661 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitpack++;
662 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitbyte += len;
663 		} else {
664 			tcpstat.tcps_sndpack++;
665 			tcpstat.tcps_sndbyte += len;
666 		}
667 #ifdef notyet
668 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int)len,
669 		    max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == NULL) {
670 			error = ENOBUFS;
671 			goto out;
672 		}
673 		/*
674 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
675 		 */
676 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
677 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
678 #else
679 #ifndef INET6
680 		m = m_gethdr(MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
681 #else
682 		m = m_getl(hdrlen + max_linkhdr, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER,
683 			   M_PKTHDR, NULL);
684 #endif
685 		if (m == NULL) {
686 			error = ENOBUFS;
687 			goto out;
688 		}
689 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
690 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
691 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
692 			m_copydata(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len,
693 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
694 			m->m_len += len;
695 		} else {
696 			m->m_next = m_copy(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len);
697 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
698 				m_free(m);
699 				error = ENOBUFS;
700 				goto out;
701 			}
702 		}
703 #endif
704 		/*
705 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
706 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
707 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
708 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
709 		 */
710 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
711 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
712 	} else {
713 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
714 			tcpstat.tcps_sndacks++;
715 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN | TH_RST))
716 			tcpstat.tcps_sndctrl++;
717 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
718 			tcpstat.tcps_sndurg++;
719 		else
720 			tcpstat.tcps_sndwinup++;
721 
722 		MGETHDR(m, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
723 		if (m == NULL) {
724 			error = ENOBUFS;
725 			goto out;
726 		}
727 		if (isipv6 &&
728 		    (hdrlen + max_linkhdr > MHLEN) && hdrlen <= MHLEN)
729 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
730 		else
731 			m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
732 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
733 	}
734 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
735 	if (isipv6) {
736 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
737 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
738 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip6, th);
739 	} else {
740 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
741 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
742 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
743 		/* this picks up the pseudo header (w/o the length) */
744 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip, th);
745 	}
746 
747 	/*
748 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
749 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
750 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
751 	 */
752 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
753 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
754 		tp->snd_nxt--;
755 	/*
756 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
757 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
758 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
759 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
760 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
761 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
762 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
763 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
764 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
765 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
766 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
767 	 */
768 	if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
769 	    tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist))
770 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
771 	else
772 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
773 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
774 	if (optlen) {
775 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
776 		th->th_off = (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
777 	}
778 	th->th_flags = flags;
779 	/*
780 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
781 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
782 	 */
783 	if (recvwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat / 4) &&
784 	    recvwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
785 		recvwin = 0;
786 	if (recvwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
787 		recvwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
788 	if (recvwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
789 		recvwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
790 	th->th_win = htons((u_short) (recvwin>>tp->rcv_scale));
791 
792 	/*
793 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
794 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
795 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
796 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
797 	 * to read more data then can be buffered prior to transmitting on
798 	 * the connection.
799 	 */
800 	if (recvwin == 0)
801 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
802 	else
803 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
804 
805 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
806 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
807 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
808 	} else {
809 		/*
810 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
811 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
812 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
813 		 * number wraparound.
814 		 */
815 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
816 	}
817 
818 	/*
819 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
820 	 * checksum extended header and data.
821 	 */
822 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
823 	if (isipv6) {
824 		/*
825 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
826 		 * in ip6_output().
827 		 */
828 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP, sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
829 				       sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
830 	} else {
831 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
832 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
833 		if (len + optlen)
834 			th->th_sum = in_addword(th->th_sum,
835 						htons((u_short)(optlen + len)));
836 
837 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
838 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
839 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
840 	}
841 
842 	/*
843 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
844 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
845 	 */
846 	if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
847 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
848 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
849 
850 		/*
851 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
852 		 */
853 		if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) {
854 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
855 				tp->snd_nxt++;
856 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
857 				tp->snd_nxt++;
858 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
859 			}
860 		}
861 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
862 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
863 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
864 			/*
865 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
866 			 * not currently timing anything.
867 			 */
868 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
869 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
870 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
871 				tcpstat.tcps_segstimed++;
872 			}
873 		}
874 
875 		/*
876 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
877 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
878 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
879 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
880 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
881 		 * of retransmit time.
882 		 */
883 		if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
884 		    tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una) {
885 			if (tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
886 				tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_persist);
887 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
888 			}
889 			tcp_callout_reset(tp, tp->tt_rexmt, tp->t_rxtcur,
890 			    tcp_timer_rexmt);
891 		}
892 	} else {
893 		/*
894 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
895 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
896 		 */
897 		int xlen = len;
898 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
899 			++xlen;
900 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
901 			++xlen;
902 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
903 		}
904 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
905 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
906 	}
907 
908 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
909 	/*
910 	 * Trace.
911 	 */
912 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
913 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
914 #endif
915 
916 	/*
917 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
918 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
919 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
920 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
921 	 */
922 	/*
923 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
924 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
925 	 */
926 	if (isipv6) {
927 		/*
928 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
929 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
930 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
931 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
932 		 */
933 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(inp,
934 		    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
935 		     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
936 
937 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
938 		error = ip6_output(m, inp->in6p_outputopts, &inp->in6p_route,
939 				   (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, NULL,
940 				   inp);
941 	} else {
942 		struct rtentry *rt;
943 		ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
944 #ifdef INET6
945 		if (INP_CHECK_SOCKAF(so, AF_INET6))
946 			ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(inp,
947 			    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
948 			     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
949 		else
950 #endif
951 			ip->ip_ttl = inp->inp_ip_ttl;	/* XXX */
952 
953 		ip->ip_tos = inp->inp_ip_tos;	/* XXX */
954 		/*
955 		 * See if we should do MTU discovery.
956 		 * We do it only if the following are true:
957 		 *	1) we have a valid route to the destination
958 		 *	2) the MTU is not locked (if it is,
959 		 *	   then discovery has been disabled)
960 		 */
961 		if (path_mtu_discovery &&
962 		    (rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt) && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
963 		    !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
964 			ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
965 
966 		error = ip_output(m, inp->inp_options, &inp->inp_route,
967 				  (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) |
968 				  IP_DEBUGROUTE, NULL, inp);
969 	}
970 	if (error) {
971 
972 		/*
973 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
974 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
975 		 */
976 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
977 		    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
978 			/*
979 			 * No need to check for TH_FIN here because
980 			 * the TF_SENTFIN flag handles that case.
981 			 */
982 			if (!(flags & TH_SYN))
983 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
984 		}
985 
986 out:
987 		if (error == ENOBUFS) {
988 			/*
989 			 * If we can't send, make sure there is something
990 			 * to get us going again later.  Persist state
991 			 * is not necessarily right, but it is close enough.
992 			 */
993 			if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
994 			    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
995 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
996 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
997 			}
998 			tcp_quench(inp, 0);
999 			return (0);
1000 		}
1001 		if (error == EMSGSIZE) {
1002 			/*
1003 			 * ip_output() will have already fixed the route
1004 			 * for us.  tcp_mtudisc() will, as its last action,
1005 			 * initiate retransmission, so it is important to
1006 			 * not do so here.
1007 			 */
1008 			tcp_mtudisc(inp, 0);
1009 			return 0;
1010 		}
1011 		if ((error == EHOSTUNREACH || error == ENETDOWN) &&
1012 		    TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1013 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1014 			return (0);
1015 		}
1016 		return (error);
1017 	}
1018 	tcpstat.tcps_sndtotal++;
1019 
1020 	/*
1021 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1022 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1023 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1024 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1025 	 */
1026 	if (recvwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1027 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin;
1028 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1029 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ACKNOW;
1030 	if (tcp_delack_enabled)
1031 		tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_delack);
1032 	if (sendalot)
1033 		goto again;
1034 	return (0);
1035 }
1036 
1037 void
1038 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1039 {
1040 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1041 	int tt;
1042 
1043 	if (tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt))
1044 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1045 	/*
1046 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1047 	 */
1048 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift], TCPTV_PERSMIN,
1049 		      TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1050 	tcp_callout_reset(tp, tp->tt_persist, tt, tcp_timer_persist);
1051 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1052 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1053 }
1054