xref: /dragonfly/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 9bb2a92d)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
34  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.39.2.20 2003/01/29 22:45:36 hsu Exp $
35  * $DragonFly: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.10 2004/03/08 00:36:30 hsu Exp $
36  */
37 
38 #include "opt_inet6.h"
39 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
40 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
45 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
46 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
47 #include <sys/domain.h>
48 #include <sys/protosw.h>
49 #include <sys/socket.h>
50 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
51 #include <sys/in_cksum.h>
52 
53 #include <net/route.h>
54 
55 #include <netinet/in.h>
56 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
57 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
59 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
60 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
61 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
62 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
63 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
64 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
65 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
66 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
67 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
68 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
69 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
70 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
71 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
72 #endif
73 
74 #ifdef IPSEC
75 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
76 #endif /*IPSEC*/
77 
78 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
80 #define	IPSEC
81 #endif /*FAST_IPSEC*/
82 
83 #ifdef notyet
84 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
85 #endif
86 
87 int path_mtu_discovery = 1;
88 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
89 	&path_mtu_discovery, 1, "Enable Path MTU Discovery");
90 
91 int ss_fltsz = 1;
92 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, slowstart_flightsize, CTLFLAG_RW,
93 	&ss_fltsz, 1, "Slow start flight size");
94 
95 int ss_fltsz_local = 4;
96 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, local_slowstart_flightsize, CTLFLAG_RW,
97 	&ss_fltsz_local, 1, "Slow start flight size for local networks");
98 
99 int	tcp_do_newreno = 1;
100 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, newreno, CTLFLAG_RW, &tcp_do_newreno,
101 	0, "Enable NewReno Algorithms");
102 
103 /*
104  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
105  */
106 int
107 tcp_output(tp)
108 	struct tcpcb *tp;
109 {
110 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
111 	struct socket *so = inp->inp_socket;
112 	long len, recvwin, sendwin;
113 	int off, flags, error;
114 	struct mbuf *m;
115 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
116 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
117 	struct tcphdr *th;
118 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
119 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
120 	int idle, sendalot;
121 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
122 #ifdef INET6
123 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
124 #else
125 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
126 #endif
127 	struct rmxp_tao *taop;
128 
129 	/*
130 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
131 	 * and flags that will be used.
132 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
133 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
134 	 */
135 	if ((tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una) &&
136 	    (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur) {
137 		/*
138 		 * We have been idle for "a while" and no acks are
139 		 * expected to clock out any data we send --
140 		 * slow start to get ack "clock" running again.
141 		 *
142 		 * Set the slow-start flight size depending on whether
143 		 * this is a local network or not.
144 		 */
145 		if ((isipv6 && in6_localaddr(&inp->in6p_faddr)) ||
146 		    (!isipv6 && in_localaddr(inp->inp_faddr)))
147 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg * ss_fltsz_local;
148 		else
149 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg * ss_fltsz;
150 	}
151 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
152 	if (idle && (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME))
153 		tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
154 	else
155 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
156 
157 again:
158 	sendalot = 0;
159 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
160 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
161 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
162 
163 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
164 	/*
165 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
166 	 * state flags.
167 	 */
168 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
169 		flags |= TH_FIN;
170 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
171 		flags |= TH_SYN;
172 
173 	/*
174 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
175 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
176 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
177 	 * and go to transmit state.
178 	 */
179 	if (tp->t_force) {
180 		if (sendwin == 0) {
181 			/*
182 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
183 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
184 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
185 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
186 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
187 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
188 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
189 			 * up sending the packet without recording
190 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
191 			 *
192 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
193 			 * because if we don't have any more data
194 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
195 			 * itself.
196 			 */
197 			if (off < so->so_snd.sb_cc)
198 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
199 			sendwin = 1;
200 		} else {
201 			callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
202 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
203 		}
204 	}
205 
206 	/*
207 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
208 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
209 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
210 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
211 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
212 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
213 	 *
214 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
215 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
216 	 * wind up 0.
217 	 */
218 	len = (long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, sendwin) - off;
219 
220 	/*
221 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
222 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
223 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
224 	 */
225 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
226 		flags &= ~TH_SYN;
227 		off--, len++;
228 		if (len > 0 && tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT &&
229 		    ((taop = tcp_gettaocache(&inp->inp_inc)) == NULL ||
230 		     taop->tao_ccsent == 0))
231 			return 0;
232 	}
233 
234 	/*
235 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments
236 	 * in cases when no CC option will be sent.
237 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
238 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
239 	 */
240 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) &&
241 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) || !(tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_CC) ||
242 	     ((flags & TH_ACK) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC)))) {
243 		len = 0;
244 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
245 	}
246 
247 	if (len < 0) {
248 		/*
249 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
250 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
251 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
252 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
253 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
254 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
255 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
256 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
257 		 */
258 		len = 0;
259 		if (sendwin == 0) {
260 			callout_stop(tp->tt_rexmt);
261 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
262 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
263 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
264 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
265 		}
266 	}
267 
268 	/*
269 	 * len will be >= 0 after this point.  Truncate to the maximum
270 	 * segment length and ensure that FIN is removed if the length
271 	 * no longer contains the last data byte.
272 	 */
273 	if (len > tp->t_maxseg) {
274 		len = tp->t_maxseg;
275 		sendalot = 1;
276 	}
277 	if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
278 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
279 
280 	recvwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
281 
282 	/*
283 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
284 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
285 	 *
286 	 *	- We have a full segment
287 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
288 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
289 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
290 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
291 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
292 	 *	- we need to retransmit
293 	 */
294 	if (len) {
295 		if (len == tp->t_maxseg)
296 			goto send;
297 		/*
298 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
299 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
300 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
301 		 *
302 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
303 		 */
304 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
305 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
306 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
307 		    !(tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH)) {
308 			goto send;
309 		}
310 		if (tp->t_force)			/* typ. timeout case */
311 			goto send;
312 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
313 			goto send;
314 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
315 			goto send;
316 	}
317 
318 	/*
319 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
320 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
321 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
322 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
323 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
324 	 */
325 	if (recvwin > 0) {
326 		/*
327 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
328 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
329 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
330 		 */
331 		long adv = min(recvwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
332 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
333 
334 		if (adv >= (long) (2 * tp->t_maxseg))
335 			goto send;
336 		if (2 * adv >= (long) so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
337 			goto send;
338 	}
339 
340 	/*
341 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
342 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
343 	 */
344 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
345 		goto send;
346 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
347 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)))
348 		goto send;
349 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
350 		goto send;
351 	/*
352 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
353 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
354 	 */
355 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
356 	    (!(tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
357 		goto send;
358 
359 	/*
360 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
361 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
362 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
363 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
364 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
365 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
366 	 *
367 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_persist)
368 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
369 	 * tp->t_force
370 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
371 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt)
372 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
373 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
374 	 *
375 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
376 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
377 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
378 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
379 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
380 	 */
381 	if (so->so_snd.sb_cc && !callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
382 	    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
383 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
384 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
385 	}
386 
387 	/*
388 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
389 	 */
390 	return (0);
391 
392 send:
393 	/*
394 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
395 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
396 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
397 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
398 	 * link header, i.e.
399 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof(struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
400 	 */
401 	optlen = 0;
402 	if (isipv6)
403 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
404 	else
405 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct tcpiphdr);
406 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
407 		tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
408 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
409 			u_short mss;
410 
411 			opt[0] = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
412 			opt[1] = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
413 			mss = htons((u_short) tcp_mssopt(tp));
414 			(void)memcpy(opt + 2, &mss, sizeof(mss));
415 			optlen = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
416 
417 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE) &&
418 			    (!(flags & TH_ACK) ||
419 			     (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_SCALE))) {
420 				*((u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen)) = htonl(
421 					TCPOPT_NOP << 24 |
422 					TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16 |
423 					TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8 |
424 					tp->request_r_scale);
425 				optlen += 4;
426 			}
427 		}
428 	}
429 
430 	/*
431 	 * Send a timestamp and echo-reply if this is a SYN and our side
432 	 * wants to use timestamps (TF_REQ_TSTMP is set) or both our side
433 	 * and our peer have sent timestamps in our SYN's.
434 	 */
435 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP|TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
436 	    !(flags & TH_RST) &&
437 	    (!(flags & TH_ACK) || (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))) {
438 		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen);
439 
440 		/* Form timestamp option as shown in appendix A of RFC 1323. */
441 		*lp++ = htonl(TCPOPT_TSTAMP_HDR);
442 		*lp++ = htonl(ticks);
443 		*lp   = htonl(tp->ts_recent);
444 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
445 	}
446 
447 	/*
448 	 * Send `CC-family' options if our side wants to use them (TF_REQ_CC),
449 	 * options are allowed (!TF_NOOPT) and it's not a RST.
450 	 */
451 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_CC|TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_CC &&
452 	     !(flags & TH_RST)) {
453 		switch (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_ACK)) {
454 		/*
455 		 * This is a normal ACK, send CC if we received CC before
456 		 * from our peer.
457 		 */
458 		case TH_ACK:
459 			if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC))
460 				break;
461 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
462 
463 		/*
464 		 * We can only get here in T/TCP's SYN_SENT* state, when
465 		 * we're a sending a non-SYN segment without waiting for
466 		 * the ACK of our SYN.  A check above assures that we only
467 		 * do this if our peer understands T/TCP.
468 		 */
469 		case 0:
470 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
471 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
472 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
473 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
474 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
475 
476 			optlen += 4;
477 			break;
478 
479 		/*
480 		 * This is our initial SYN, check whether we have to use
481 		 * CC or CC.new.
482 		 */
483 		case TH_SYN:
484 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
485 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
486 			opt[optlen++] = tp->t_flags & TF_SENDCCNEW ?
487 						TCPOPT_CCNEW : TCPOPT_CC;
488 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
489 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
490 			optlen += 4;
491 			break;
492 
493 		/*
494 		 * This is a SYN,ACK; send CC and CC.echo if we received
495 		 * CC from our peer.
496 		 */
497 		case (TH_SYN|TH_ACK):
498 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC) {
499 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
500 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
501 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
502 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
503 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] =
504 					htonl(tp->cc_send);
505 				optlen += 4;
506 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
507 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
508 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CCECHO;
509 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
510 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] =
511 					htonl(tp->cc_recv);
512 				optlen += 4;
513 			}
514 			break;
515 		}
516 	}
517 
518 	hdrlen += optlen;
519 
520 	if (isipv6)
521 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
522 	else {
523 		if (inp->inp_options) {
524 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
525 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
526 		} else {
527 			ipoptlen = 0;
528 		}
529 	}
530 #ifdef IPSEC
531 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
532 #endif
533 
534 	/*
535 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
536 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxopd length.
537 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
538 	 * the segment.
539 	 */
540 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
541 		/*
542 		 * If there is still more to send, don't close the connection.
543 		 */
544 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
545 		len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
546 		sendalot = 1;
547 	}
548 
549 #ifdef INET6
550 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MCLBYTES, ("tcphdr too big"));
551 #else
552 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MHLEN, ("tcphdr too big"));
553 #endif
554 
555 	/*
556 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
557 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
558 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
559 	 */
560 	if (len) {
561 		if (tp->t_force && len == 1)
562 			tcpstat.tcps_sndprobe++;
563 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
564 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitpack++;
565 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitbyte += len;
566 		} else {
567 			tcpstat.tcps_sndpack++;
568 			tcpstat.tcps_sndbyte += len;
569 		}
570 #ifdef notyet
571 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off,
572 		    (int)len, max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == 0) {
573 			error = ENOBUFS;
574 			goto out;
575 		}
576 		/*
577 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
578 		 */
579 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
580 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
581 #else
582 		MGETHDR(m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
583 		if (m == NULL) {
584 			error = ENOBUFS;
585 			goto out;
586 		}
587 #ifdef INET6
588 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) {
589 			MCLGET(m, M_DONTWAIT);
590 			if (!(m->m_flags & M_EXT)) {
591 				m_freem(m);
592 				error = ENOBUFS;
593 				goto out;
594 			}
595 		}
596 #endif
597 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
598 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
599 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
600 			m_copydata(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off, (int) len,
601 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
602 			m->m_len += len;
603 		} else {
604 			m->m_next = m_copy(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off, (int) len);
605 			if (m->m_next == 0) {
606 				(void) m_free(m);
607 				error = ENOBUFS;
608 				goto out;
609 			}
610 		}
611 #endif
612 		/*
613 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
614 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
615 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
616 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
617 		 */
618 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.sb_cc)
619 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
620 	} else {
621 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
622 			tcpstat.tcps_sndacks++;
623 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
624 			tcpstat.tcps_sndctrl++;
625 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
626 			tcpstat.tcps_sndurg++;
627 		else
628 			tcpstat.tcps_sndwinup++;
629 
630 		MGETHDR(m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
631 		if (m == NULL) {
632 			error = ENOBUFS;
633 			goto out;
634 		}
635 		if (isipv6 &&
636 		    (hdrlen + max_linkhdr > MHLEN) && hdrlen <= MHLEN)
637 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
638 		else
639 			m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
640 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
641 	}
642 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
643 	if (isipv6) {
644 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
645 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
646 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip6, th);
647 	} else {
648 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
649 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
650 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
651 		/* this picks up the pseudo header (w/o the length) */
652 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip, th);
653 	}
654 
655 	/*
656 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
657 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
658 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
659 	 */
660 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
661 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
662 		tp->snd_nxt--;
663 	/*
664 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
665 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
666 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
667 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
668 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
669 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
670 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
671 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
672 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
673 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
674 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
675 	 */
676 	if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) || callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
677 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
678 	else
679 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
680 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
681 	if (optlen) {
682 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
683 		th->th_off = (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
684 	}
685 	th->th_flags = flags;
686 	/*
687 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
688 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
689 	 */
690 	if (recvwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
691 	    recvwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
692 		recvwin = 0;
693 	if (recvwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
694 		recvwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
695 	if (recvwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
696 		recvwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
697 	th->th_win = htons((u_short) (recvwin>>tp->rcv_scale));
698 
699 	/*
700 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
701 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
702 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
703 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
704 	 * to read more data then can be buffered prior to transmitting on
705 	 * the connection.
706 	 */
707 	if (recvwin == 0)
708 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
709 	else
710 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
711 
712 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
713 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
714 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
715 	} else {
716 		/*
717 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
718 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
719 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
720 		 * number wraparound.
721 		 */
722 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
723 	}
724 
725 	/*
726 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
727 	 * checksum extended header and data.
728 	 */
729 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
730 	if (isipv6) {
731 		/*
732 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
733 		 * in ip6_output.
734 		 */
735 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP, sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
736 				       sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
737 	} else {
738 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
739 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
740 		if (len + optlen)
741 			th->th_sum = in_addword(th->th_sum,
742 						htons((u_short)(optlen + len)));
743 
744 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
745 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
746 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
747 	}
748 
749 	/*
750 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
751 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
752 	 */
753 	if (tp->t_force == 0 || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
754 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
755 
756 		/*
757 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
758 		 */
759 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
760 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
761 				tp->snd_nxt++;
762 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
763 				tp->snd_nxt++;
764 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
765 			}
766 		}
767 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
768 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
769 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
770 			/*
771 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
772 			 * not currently timing anything.
773 			 */
774 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
775 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
776 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
777 				tcpstat.tcps_segstimed++;
778 			}
779 		}
780 
781 		/*
782 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
783 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
784 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
785 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
786 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
787 		 * of retransmit time.
788 		 */
789 		if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
790 		    tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una) {
791 			if (callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
792 				callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
793 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
794 			}
795 			callout_reset(tp->tt_rexmt, tp->t_rxtcur,
796 				      tcp_timer_rexmt, tp);
797 		}
798 	} else {
799 		/*
800 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
801 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
802 		 */
803 		int xlen = len;
804 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
805 			++xlen;
806 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
807 			++xlen;
808 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
809 		}
810 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
811 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
812 	}
813 
814 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
815 	/*
816 	 * Trace.
817 	 */
818 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
819 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
820 #endif
821 
822 	/*
823 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
824 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
825 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
826 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
827 	 */
828 	/*
829 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
830 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
831 	 */
832 	if (isipv6) {
833 		/*
834 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
835 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
836 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
837 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
838 		 */
839 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(inp,
840 		    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
841 		     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
842 
843 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
844 		error = ip6_output(m, inp->in6p_outputopts, &inp->in6p_route,
845 		    (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, NULL, inp);
846 	} else {
847 		struct rtentry *rt;
848 		ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
849 #ifdef INET6
850 		if (INP_CHECK_SOCKAF(so, AF_INET6))
851 			ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(inp,
852 			    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
853 			     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
854 		else
855 #endif
856 			ip->ip_ttl = inp->inp_ip_ttl;	/* XXX */
857 
858 		ip->ip_tos = inp->inp_ip_tos;	/* XXX */
859 		/*
860 		 * See if we should do MTU discovery.
861 		 * We do it only if the following are true:
862 		 *	1) we have a valid route to the destination
863 		 *	2) the MTU is not locked (if it is,
864 		 *	   then discovery has been disabled)
865 		 */
866 		if (path_mtu_discovery &&
867 		    (rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt) && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
868 		    !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
869 			ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
870 
871 		error = ip_output(m, inp->inp_options, &inp->inp_route,
872 		    (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, inp);
873 	}
874 	if (error) {
875 
876 		/*
877 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
878 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
879 		 */
880 		if (tp->t_force == 0 || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
881 			/*
882 			 * No need to check for TH_FIN here because
883 			 * the TF_SENTFIN flag handles that case.
884 			 */
885 			if (!(flags & TH_SYN))
886 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
887 		}
888 
889 out:
890 		if (error == ENOBUFS) {
891 			/*
892 			 * If we can't send, make sure there is something
893 			 * to get us going again later.  Persist state
894 			 * is not necessarily right, but it is close enough.
895 			 */
896 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
897 			    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
898 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
899 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
900 			}
901 			tcp_quench(inp, 0);
902 			return (0);
903 		}
904 		if (error == EMSGSIZE) {
905 			/*
906 			 * ip_output() will have already fixed the route
907 			 * for us.  tcp_mtudisc() will, as its last action,
908 			 * initiate retransmission, so it is important to
909 			 * not do so here.
910 			 */
911 			tcp_mtudisc(inp, 0);
912 			return 0;
913 		}
914 		if ((error == EHOSTUNREACH || error == ENETDOWN) &&
915 		    TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
916 			tp->t_softerror = error;
917 			return (0);
918 		}
919 		return (error);
920 	}
921 	tcpstat.tcps_sndtotal++;
922 
923 	/*
924 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
925 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
926 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
927 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
928 	 */
929 	if (recvwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin, tp->rcv_adv))
930 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin;
931 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
932 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ACKNOW;
933 	if (tcp_delack_enabled)
934 		callout_stop(tp->tt_delack);
935 	if (sendalot)
936 		goto again;
937 	return (0);
938 }
939 
940 void
941 tcp_setpersist(tp)
942 	struct tcpcb *tp;
943 {
944 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
945 	int tt;
946 
947 	if (callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt))
948 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
949 	/*
950 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
951 	 */
952 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
953 		      TCPTV_PERSMIN, TCPTV_PERSMAX);
954 	callout_reset(tp->tt_persist, tt, tcp_timer_persist, tp);
955 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
956 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
957 }
958