xref: /dragonfly/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision c3762235)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2004 Jeffrey M. Hsu.  All rights reserved.
3  * Copyright (c) 2004 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
6  * by Jeffrey M. Hsu.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
17  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
18  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
24  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
27  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
30  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
36  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
37  *
38  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
40  * are met:
41  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48  *    without specific prior written permission.
49  *
50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
51  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
52  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
53  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
54  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
55  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
56  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
57  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
58  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
59  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
60  * SUCH DAMAGE.
61  *
62  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
63  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.39.2.20 2003/01/29 22:45:36 hsu Exp $
64  */
65 
66 #include "opt_inet.h"
67 #include "opt_inet6.h"
68 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
69 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
70 
71 #include <sys/param.h>
72 #include <sys/systm.h>
73 #include <sys/kernel.h>
74 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
75 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
76 #include <sys/domain.h>
77 #include <sys/protosw.h>
78 #include <sys/socket.h>
79 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
80 #include <sys/in_cksum.h>
81 #include <sys/thread.h>
82 #include <sys/globaldata.h>
83 
84 #include <net/if_var.h>
85 #include <net/route.h>
86 #include <net/netmsg2.h>
87 #include <net/netisr2.h>
88 
89 #include <netinet/in.h>
90 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
91 #include <netinet/ip.h>
92 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
93 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
94 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
95 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
96 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
97 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
98 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
99 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
100 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
101 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
102 #include <netinet/tcp_timer2.h>
103 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
104 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
105 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
106 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
107 #endif
108 
109 #ifdef IPSEC
110 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
111 #endif /*IPSEC*/
112 
113 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
114 #include <netproto/ipsec/ipsec.h>
115 #define	IPSEC
116 #endif /*FAST_IPSEC*/
117 
118 #ifdef notyet
119 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
120 #endif
121 
122 int path_mtu_discovery = 0;
123 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
124 	&path_mtu_discovery, 1, "Enable Path MTU Discovery");
125 
126 static int avoid_pure_win_update = 1;
127 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, avoid_pure_win_update, CTLFLAG_RW,
128 	&avoid_pure_win_update, 1, "Avoid pure window updates when possible");
129 
130 int tcp_do_autosndbuf = 1;
131 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_RW,
132     &tcp_do_autosndbuf, 0, "Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
133 
134 int tcp_autosndbuf_inc = 8*1024;
135 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_RW,
136     &tcp_autosndbuf_inc, 0, "Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
137 
138 int tcp_autosndbuf_max = 2*1024*1024;
139 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_RW,
140     &tcp_autosndbuf_max, 0, "Max size of automatic send buffer");
141 
142 int tcp_prio_synack = 1;
143 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, prio_synack, CTLFLAG_RW,
144     &tcp_prio_synack, 0, "Prioritize SYN, SYN|ACK and pure ACK");
145 
146 static int tcp_idle_cwv = 1;
147 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, idle_cwv, CTLFLAG_RW,
148     &tcp_idle_cwv, 0,
149     "Congestion window validation after idle period (part of RFC2861)");
150 
151 static int tcp_idle_restart = 1;
152 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, idle_restart, CTLFLAG_RW,
153     &tcp_idle_restart, 0, "Reset congestion window after idle period");
154 
155 static int tcp_do_tso = 1;
156 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_RW,
157     &tcp_do_tso, 0, "Enable TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO)");
158 
159 static int tcp_fairsend = 4;
160 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, fairsend, CTLFLAG_RW,
161     &tcp_fairsend, 0,
162     "Amount of segments sent before yield to other senders or receivers");
163 
164 static void	tcp_idle_cwnd_validate(struct tcpcb *);
165 
166 static int	tcp_tso_getsize(struct tcpcb *tp, u_int *segsz, u_int *hlen);
167 static void	tcp_output_sched(struct tcpcb *tp);
168 
169 /*
170  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
171  */
172 int
173 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
174 {
175 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
176 	struct socket *so = inp->inp_socket;
177 	long len, recvwin, sendwin;
178 	int nsacked = 0;
179 	int off, flags, error = 0;
180 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
181 	int sigoff = 0;
182 #endif
183 	struct mbuf *m;
184 	struct ip *ip;
185 	struct tcphdr *th;
186 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
187 	unsigned int ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
188 	int idle;
189 	boolean_t sendalot;
190 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
191 #ifdef INET6
192 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
193 #else
194 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
195 #endif
196 	boolean_t can_tso = FALSE, use_tso;
197 	boolean_t report_sack, idle_cwv = FALSE;
198 	u_int segsz, tso_hlen, tso_lenmax = 0;
199 	int segcnt = 0;
200 	boolean_t need_sched = FALSE;
201 
202 	KKASSERT(so->so_port == &curthread->td_msgport);
203 
204 	/*
205 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
206 	 * and flags that will be used.
207 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
208 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
209 	 */
210 
211 	/*
212 	 * If we have been idle for a while, the send congestion window
213 	 * could be no longer representative of the current state of the
214 	 * link; need to validate congestion window.  However, we should
215 	 * not perform congestion window validation here, since we could
216 	 * be asked to send pure ACK.
217 	 */
218 	if (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una &&
219 	    (ticks - tp->snd_last) >= tp->t_rxtcur && tcp_idle_restart)
220 		idle_cwv = TRUE;
221 
222 	/*
223 	 * Calculate whether the transmit stream was previously idle
224 	 * and adjust TF_LASTIDLE for the next time.
225 	 */
226 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
227 	if (idle && (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME))
228 		tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
229 	else
230 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
231 
232 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
233 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
234 		nsacked = tcp_sack_bytes_below(&tp->scb, tp->snd_nxt);
235 
236 	/*
237 	 * Find out whether TSO could be used or not
238 	 *
239 	 * For TSO capable devices, the following assumptions apply to
240 	 * the processing of TCP flags:
241 	 * - If FIN is set on the large TCP segment, the device must set
242 	 *   FIN on the last segment that it creates from the large TCP
243 	 *   segment.
244 	 * - If PUSH is set on the large TCP segment, the device must set
245 	 *   PUSH on the last segment that it creates from the large TCP
246 	 *   segment.
247 	 */
248 #if !defined(IPSEC) && !defined(FAST_IPSEC)
249 	if (tcp_do_tso
250 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
251 	    && (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0
252 #endif
253 	) {
254 		if (!isipv6) {
255 			struct rtentry *rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt;
256 
257 			if (rt != NULL && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
258 			    (rt->rt_ifp->if_hwassist & CSUM_TSO)) {
259 				can_tso = TRUE;
260 				tso_lenmax = rt->rt_ifp->if_tsolen;
261 			}
262 		}
263 	}
264 #endif	/* !IPSEC && !FAST_IPSEC */
265 
266 again:
267 	m = NULL;
268 	ip = NULL;
269 	th = NULL;
270 	ip6 = NULL;
271 
272 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_SACK_PERMITTED | TF_NOOPT)) ==
273 		TF_SACK_PERMITTED &&
274 	    (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&tp->t_segq) ||
275 	     tp->reportblk.rblk_start != tp->reportblk.rblk_end))
276 		report_sack = TRUE;
277 	else
278 		report_sack = FALSE;
279 
280 	/* Make use of SACK information when slow-starting after a RTO. */
281 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
282 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp)) {
283 		tcp_seq old_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;
284 
285 		tcp_sack_skip_sacked(&tp->scb, &tp->snd_nxt);
286 		nsacked += tp->snd_nxt - old_snd_nxt;
287 	}
288 
289 	sendalot = FALSE;
290 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
291 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd + nsacked);
292 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
293 
294 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
295 	/*
296 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
297 	 * state flags.
298 	 */
299 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
300 		flags |= TH_FIN;
301 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
302 		flags |= TH_SYN;
303 
304 	/*
305 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
306 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
307 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
308 	 * and go to transmit state.
309 	 */
310 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) {
311 		if (sendwin == 0) {
312 			/*
313 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
314 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
315 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
316 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
317 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
318 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
319 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
320 			 * up sending the packet without recording
321 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
322 			 *
323 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
324 			 * because if we don't have any more data
325 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
326 			 * itself.
327 			 */
328 			if (off < so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
329 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
330 			sendwin = 1;
331 		} else {
332 			tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_persist);
333 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
334 		}
335 	}
336 
337 	/*
338 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
339 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.ssb_cc is 0, resulting in
340 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
341 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
342 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
343 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
344 	 *
345 	 * A negative length can also occur when we are in the
346 	 * TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED state due to a simultanious connect where
347 	 * our SYN has not been acked yet.
348 	 *
349 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
350 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
351 	 * wind up 0.
352 	 */
353 	len = (long)ulmin(so->so_snd.ssb_cc, sendwin) - off;
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
357 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data, suppress sending
358 	 * segment (sending the segment would be an option if we still
359 	 * did TAO and the remote host supported it).
360 	 */
361 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
362 		flags &= ~TH_SYN;
363 		off--, len++;
364 		if (len > 0 && tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) {
365 			tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_XMITNOW);
366 			return 0;
367 		}
368 	}
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
372 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
373 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
374 	 */
375 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
376 		len = 0;
377 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
378 	}
379 
380 	if (len < 0) {
381 		/*
382 		 * A negative len can occur if our FIN has been sent but not
383 		 * acked, or if we are in a simultanious connect in the
384 		 * TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED state with our SYN sent but not yet
385 		 * acked.
386 		 *
387 		 * If our window has contracted to 0 in the FIN case
388 		 * (which can only occur if we have NOT been called to
389 		 * retransmit as per code a few paragraphs up) then we
390 		 * want to shift the retransmit timer over to the
391 		 * persist timer.
392 		 *
393 		 * However, if we are in the TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED state
394 		 * (the SYN case) we will be in a simultanious connect and
395 		 * the window may be zero degeneratively.  In this case we
396 		 * do not want to shift to the persist timer after the SYN
397 		 * or the SYN+ACK transmission.
398 		 */
399 		len = 0;
400 		if (sendwin == 0 && tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) {
401 			tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_rexmt);
402 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
403 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
404 			if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist))
405 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
406 		}
407 	}
408 
409 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("%s: len < 0", __func__));
410 	/*
411 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
412 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
413 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
414 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
415 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
416 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
417 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
418 	 *
419 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
420 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
421 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
422 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
423 	 *     have data to make use of it);
424 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
425 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
426 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
427 	 *
428 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
429 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
430 	 * maximum.
431 	 *
432 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
433 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
434 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
435 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
436 	 * delay*bandwith product.  However testing has shown this not
437 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
438 	 * of available bandwith (the non-use of it) for wasting some
439 	 * socket buffer memory.
440 	 *
441 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
442 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
443 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
444 	 */
445 	if (tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.ssb_flags & SSB_AUTOSIZE) {
446 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.ssb_hiwat &&
447 		    so->so_snd.ssb_cc >= (so->so_snd.ssb_hiwat / 8 * 7) &&
448 		    so->so_snd.ssb_cc < tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
449 		    sendwin >= (so->so_snd.ssb_cc - (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
450 			u_long newsize;
451 
452 			newsize = ulmin(so->so_snd.ssb_hiwat +
453 					 tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
454 					tcp_autosndbuf_max);
455 			if (!ssb_reserve(&so->so_snd, newsize, so, NULL))
456 				atomic_clear_int(&so->so_snd.ssb_flags, SSB_AUTOSIZE);
457 			if (newsize >= (TCP_MAXWIN << tp->snd_scale))
458 				atomic_clear_int(&so->so_snd.ssb_flags, SSB_AUTOSIZE);
459 		}
460 	}
461 
462 	/*
463 	 * Don't use TSO, if:
464 	 * - Congestion window needs validation
465 	 * - There are SACK blocks to report
466 	 * - RST or SYN flags is set
467 	 * - URG will be set
468 	 *
469 	 * XXX
470 	 * Checking for SYN|RST looks overkill, just to be safe than sorry
471 	 */
472 	use_tso = can_tso;
473 	if (report_sack || idle_cwv || (flags & (TH_RST | TH_SYN)))
474 		use_tso = FALSE;
475 	if (use_tso) {
476 		tcp_seq ugr_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;
477 
478 		if ((flags & TH_FIN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) &&
479 		    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
480 			--ugr_nxt;
481 
482 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, ugr_nxt))
483 			use_tso = FALSE;
484 	}
485 
486 	if (use_tso) {
487 		/*
488 		 * Find out segment size and header length for TSO
489 		 */
490 		error = tcp_tso_getsize(tp, &segsz, &tso_hlen);
491 		if (error)
492 			use_tso = FALSE;
493 	}
494 	if (!use_tso) {
495 		segsz = tp->t_maxseg;
496 		tso_hlen = 0; /* not used */
497 	}
498 
499 	/*
500 	 * Truncate to the maximum segment length if not TSO, and ensure that
501 	 * FIN is removed if the length no longer contains the last data byte.
502 	 */
503 	if (len > segsz) {
504 		if (!use_tso) {
505 			len = segsz;
506 			++segcnt;
507 		} else {
508 			int nsegs;
509 
510 			if (__predict_false(tso_lenmax < segsz))
511 				tso_lenmax = segsz << 1;
512 
513 			/*
514 			 * Truncate TSO transfers to (IP_MAXPACKET - iphlen -
515 			 * thoff), and make sure that we send equal size
516 			 * transfers down the stack (rather than big-small-
517 			 * big-small-...).
518 			 */
519 			len = min(len, tso_lenmax);
520 			nsegs = min(len, (IP_MAXPACKET - tso_hlen)) / segsz;
521 			KKASSERT(nsegs > 0);
522 
523 			len = nsegs * segsz;
524 
525 			if (len <= segsz) {
526 				use_tso = FALSE;
527 				++segcnt;
528 			} else {
529 				segcnt += nsegs;
530 			}
531 		}
532 		sendalot = TRUE;
533 	} else {
534 		use_tso = FALSE;
535 		if (len > 0)
536 			++segcnt;
537 	}
538 	if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.ssb_cc))
539 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
540 
541 	recvwin = ssb_space(&so->so_rcv);
542 
543 	/*
544 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
545 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
546 	 *
547 	 *	- We have a full segment
548 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
549 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
550 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
551 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
552 	 *	  data (receiver may be limiting the window size)
553 	 *	- we need to retransmit
554 	 */
555 	if (len) {
556 		if (len >= segsz)
557 			goto send;
558 		/*
559 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
560 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
561 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
562 		 *
563 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
564 		 */
565 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
566 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
567 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.ssb_cc &&
568 		    !(tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH)) {
569 			goto send;
570 		}
571 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE)		/* typ. timeout case */
572 			goto send;
573 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
574 			goto send;
575 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
576 			goto send;
577 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_XMITNOW)
578 			goto send;
579 	}
580 
581 	/*
582 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
583 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
584 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
585 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
586 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
587 	 */
588 	if (recvwin > 0) {
589 		/*
590 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
591 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
592 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
593 		 */
594 		long adv = min(recvwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
595 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
596 		long hiwat;
597 
598 		/*
599 		 * This ack case typically occurs when the user has drained
600 		 * the TCP socket buffer sufficiently to warrent an ack
601 		 * containing a 'pure window update'... that is, an ack that
602 		 * ONLY updates the tcp window.
603 		 *
604 		 * It is unclear why we would need to do a pure window update
605 		 * past 2 segments if we are going to do one at 1/2 the high
606 		 * water mark anyway, especially since under normal conditions
607 		 * the user program will drain the socket buffer quickly.
608 		 * The 2-segment pure window update will often add a large
609 		 * number of extra, unnecessary acks to the stream.
610 		 *
611 		 * avoid_pure_win_update now defaults to 1.
612 		 */
613 		if (avoid_pure_win_update == 0 ||
614 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_RXRESIZED)) {
615 			if (adv >= (long) (2 * segsz)) {
616 				goto send;
617 			}
618 		}
619 		hiwat = (long)(TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
620 		if (hiwat > (long)so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat)
621 			hiwat = (long)so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat;
622 		if (adv >= hiwat / 2)
623 			goto send;
624 	}
625 
626 	/*
627 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
628 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
629 	 */
630 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
631 		goto send;
632 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
633 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)))
634 		goto send;
635 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
636 		goto send;
637 	/*
638 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
639 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
640 	 */
641 	if ((flags & TH_FIN) &&
642 	    (!(tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
643 		goto send;
644 
645 	/*
646 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
647 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
648 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
649 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
650 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
651 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
652 	 *
653 	 * tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)
654 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
655 	 * The TF_FORCE flag in tp->t_flags
656 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
657 	 * tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt)
658 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
659 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
660 	 *
661 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
662 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
663 	 *
664 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
665 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can, otherwise force out
666 	 * a byte.
667 	 *
668 	 * Don't try to set the persist state if we are in TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED
669 	 * with data pending.  This situation can occur during a
670 	 * simultanious connect.
671 	 */
672 	if (so->so_snd.ssb_cc > 0 &&
673 	    tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED &&
674 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
675 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
676 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
677 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
678 	}
679 
680 	/*
681 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
682 	 */
683 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_XMITNOW;
684 	return (0);
685 
686 send:
687 	if (need_sched && len > 0) {
688 		tcp_output_sched(tp);
689 		return 0;
690 	}
691 
692 	/*
693 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
694 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
695 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
696 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
697 	 * link header, i.e.
698 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof(struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
699 	 */
700 	optlen = 0;
701 	if (isipv6)
702 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
703 	else
704 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct tcpiphdr);
705 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
706 		tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
707 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
708 			u_short mss;
709 
710 			opt[0] = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
711 			opt[1] = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
712 			mss = htons((u_short) tcp_mssopt(tp));
713 			memcpy(opt + 2, &mss, sizeof mss);
714 			optlen = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
715 
716 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE) &&
717 			    (!(flags & TH_ACK) ||
718 			     (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_SCALE))) {
719 				*((u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen)) = htonl(
720 					TCPOPT_NOP << 24 |
721 					TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16 |
722 					TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8 |
723 					tp->request_r_scale);
724 				optlen += 4;
725 			}
726 
727 			if ((tcp_do_sack && !(flags & TH_ACK)) ||
728 			    tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMITTED) {
729 				uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)(opt + optlen);
730 
731 				*lp = htonl(TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED);
732 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED;
733 			}
734 		}
735 	}
736 
737 	/*
738 	 * Send a timestamp and echo-reply if this is a SYN and our side
739 	 * wants to use timestamps (TF_REQ_TSTMP is set) or both our side
740 	 * and our peer have sent timestamps in our SYN's.
741 	 */
742 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
743 	    !(flags & TH_RST) &&
744 	    (!(flags & TH_ACK) || (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))) {
745 		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen);
746 
747 		/* Form timestamp option as shown in appendix A of RFC 1323. */
748 		*lp++ = htonl(TCPOPT_TSTAMP_HDR);
749 		*lp++ = htonl(ticks);
750 		*lp   = htonl(tp->ts_recent);
751 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
752 	}
753 
754 	/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
755 	if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 && (so->so_rcv.ssb_flags & SSB_AUTOSIZE))
756 		tp->rfbuf_ts = ticks;
757 
758 	/*
759 	 * If this is a SACK connection and we have a block to report,
760 	 * fill in the SACK blocks in the TCP options.
761 	 */
762 	if (report_sack)
763 		tcp_sack_fill_report(tp, opt, &optlen);
764 
765 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
766 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) {
767 		int i;
768 		u_char *bp;
769 		/*
770 		 * Initialize TCP-MD5 option (RFC2385)
771 		 */
772 		bp = (u_char *)opt + optlen;
773 		*bp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
774 		*bp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
775 		sigoff = optlen + 2;
776 		for (i = 0; i < TCP_SIGLEN; i++)
777 			*bp++ = 0;
778 		optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
779 		/*
780 		 * Terminate options list and maintain 32-bit alignment.
781 		 */
782 		*bp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
783 		*bp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
784 		optlen += 2;
785 	}
786 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
787 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("too many TCP options"));
788 	hdrlen += optlen;
789 
790 	if (isipv6) {
791 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
792 	} else {
793 		if (inp->inp_options) {
794 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
795 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
796 		} else {
797 			ipoptlen = 0;
798 		}
799 	}
800 #ifdef IPSEC
801 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
802 #endif
803 
804 	if (use_tso) {
805 		/* TSO segment length must be multiple of segment size */
806 		KASSERT(len >= (2 * segsz) && (len % segsz == 0),
807 		    ("invalid TSO len %ld, segsz %u", len, segsz));
808 	} else {
809 		KASSERT(len <= segsz,
810 		    ("invalid len %ld, segsz %u", len, segsz));
811 
812 		/*
813 		 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will bump
814 		 * the packet length beyond the t_maxopd length.  Clear
815 		 * FIN to prevent premature closure since there is still
816 		 * more data to send after this (now truncated) packet.
817 		 *
818 		 * If just the options do not fit we are in a no-win
819 		 * situation and we treat it as an unreachable host.
820 		 */
821 		if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
822 			if (tp->t_maxopd <= optlen + ipoptlen) {
823 				static time_t last_optlen_report;
824 
825 				if (last_optlen_report != time_uptime) {
826 					last_optlen_report = time_uptime;
827 					kprintf("tcpcb %p: MSS (%d) too "
828 					    "small to hold options!\n",
829 					    tp, tp->t_maxopd);
830 				}
831 				error = EHOSTUNREACH;
832 				goto out;
833 			} else {
834 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
835 				len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
836 				sendalot = TRUE;
837 			}
838 		}
839 	}
840 
841 #ifdef INET6
842 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MCLBYTES, ("tcphdr too big"));
843 #else
844 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MHLEN, ("tcphdr too big"));
845 #endif
846 
847 	/*
848 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
849 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
850 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
851 	 */
852 	if (len) {
853 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) && len == 1)
854 			tcpstat.tcps_sndprobe++;
855 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
856 			if (tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una)
857 				tp->snd_max_rexmt = tp->snd_max;
858 			if (nsacked) {
859 				tcpstat.tcps_sndsackrtopack++;
860 				tcpstat.tcps_sndsackrtobyte += len;
861 			}
862 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitpack++;
863 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitbyte += len;
864 		} else {
865 			tcpstat.tcps_sndpack++;
866 			tcpstat.tcps_sndbyte += len;
867 		}
868 		if (idle_cwv) {
869 			idle_cwv = FALSE;
870 			tcp_idle_cwnd_validate(tp);
871 		}
872 		/* Update last send time after CWV */
873 		tp->snd_last = ticks;
874 #ifdef notyet
875 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int)len,
876 		    max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == NULL) {
877 			error = ENOBUFS;
878 			goto after_th;
879 		}
880 		/*
881 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
882 		 */
883 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
884 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
885 #else
886 #ifndef INET6
887 		m = m_gethdr(MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
888 #else
889 		m = m_getl(hdrlen + max_linkhdr, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER,
890 			   M_PKTHDR, NULL);
891 #endif
892 		if (m == NULL) {
893 			error = ENOBUFS;
894 			goto after_th;
895 		}
896 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
897 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
898 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
899 			m_copydata(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len,
900 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
901 			m->m_len += len;
902 		} else {
903 			m->m_next = m_copy(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len);
904 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
905 				m_free(m);
906 				m = NULL;
907 				error = ENOBUFS;
908 				goto after_th;
909 			}
910 		}
911 #endif
912 		/*
913 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
914 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
915 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
916 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
917 		 */
918 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
919 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
920 	} else {
921 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
922 			tcpstat.tcps_sndacks++;
923 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN | TH_RST))
924 			tcpstat.tcps_sndctrl++;
925 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
926 			tcpstat.tcps_sndurg++;
927 		else
928 			tcpstat.tcps_sndwinup++;
929 
930 		MGETHDR(m, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
931 		if (m == NULL) {
932 			error = ENOBUFS;
933 			goto after_th;
934 		}
935 		if (isipv6 &&
936 		    (hdrlen + max_linkhdr > MHLEN) && hdrlen <= MHLEN)
937 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
938 		else
939 			m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
940 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
941 
942 		/*
943 		 * Prioritize SYN, SYN|ACK and pure ACK.
944 		 * Leave FIN and RST as they are.
945 		 */
946 		if (tcp_prio_synack && (flags & (TH_FIN | TH_RST)) == 0)
947 			m->m_flags |= M_PRIO;
948 	}
949 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = NULL;
950 	if (isipv6) {
951 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
952 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
953 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip6, th, use_tso);
954 	} else {
955 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
956 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
957 		/* this picks up the pseudo header (w/o the length) */
958 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip, th, use_tso);
959 	}
960 after_th:
961 	/*
962 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
963 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
964 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
965 	 */
966 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
967 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
968 		tp->snd_nxt--;
969 
970 	if (th != NULL) {
971 		/*
972 		 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
973 		 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
974 		 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
975 		 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
976 		 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
977 		 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
978 		 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
979 		 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
980 		 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
981 		 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
982 		 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
983 		 */
984 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
985 		    tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist))
986 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
987 		else
988 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
989 		th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
990 		if (optlen) {
991 			bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
992 			th->th_off = (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
993 		}
994 		th->th_flags = flags;
995 	}
996 
997 	/*
998 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window, but avoid
999 	 * silly window syndrome by sending a 0 window if the actual
1000 	 * window is less then one segment.
1001 	 */
1002 	if (recvwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat / 4) &&
1003 	    recvwin < (long)segsz)
1004 		recvwin = 0;
1005 	if (recvwin < (tcp_seq_diff_t)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1006 		recvwin = (tcp_seq_diff_t)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1007 	if (recvwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
1008 		recvwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
1009 
1010 	/*
1011 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1012 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1013 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1014 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1015 	 * to read more data then can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1016 	 * the connection.
1017 	 */
1018 	if (recvwin == 0)
1019 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1020 	else
1021 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1022 
1023 	if (th != NULL)
1024 		th->th_win = htons((u_short) (recvwin>>tp->rcv_scale));
1025 
1026 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1027 		KASSERT(!use_tso, ("URG with TSO"));
1028 		if (th != NULL) {
1029 			th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1030 			th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1031 		}
1032 	} else {
1033 		/*
1034 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1035 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1036 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1037 		 * number wraparound.
1038 		 */
1039 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1040 	}
1041 
1042 	if (th != NULL) {
1043 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1044 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) {
1045 			tcpsignature_compute(m, len, optlen,
1046 			    (u_char *)(th + 1) + sigoff, IPSEC_DIR_OUTBOUND);
1047 		}
1048 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
1049 
1050 		/*
1051 		 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1052 		 * checksum extended header and data.
1053 		 */
1054 		m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1055 		if (isipv6) {
1056 			/*
1057 			 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be
1058 			 * filled in ip6_output().
1059 			 */
1060 			th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP,
1061 			    sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
1062 			    sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
1063 		} else {
1064 			m->m_pkthdr.csum_thlen = sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen;
1065 			if (use_tso) {
1066 				m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TSO;
1067 				m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = segsz;
1068 			} else {
1069 				m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1070 				m->m_pkthdr.csum_data =
1071 				    offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1072 				if (len + optlen) {
1073 					th->th_sum = in_addword(th->th_sum,
1074 					    htons((u_short)(optlen + len)));
1075 				}
1076 			}
1077 
1078 			/*
1079 			 * IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking
1080 			 * later
1081 			 */
1082 			KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1083 			    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d",
1084 			     __func__, ip->ip_v));
1085 		}
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	/*
1089 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1090 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1091 	 */
1092 	if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
1093 	    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
1094 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1095 
1096 		/*
1097 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1098 		 */
1099 		if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) {
1100 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1101 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1102 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1103 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1104 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1105 			}
1106 		}
1107 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1108 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1109 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1110 			/*
1111 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1112 			 * not currently timing anything.
1113 			 */
1114 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1115 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1116 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1117 				tcpstat.tcps_segstimed++;
1118 			}
1119 		}
1120 
1121 		/*
1122 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1123 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1124 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1125 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1126 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1127 		 * of retransmit time.
1128 		 */
1129 		if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
1130 		    tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una) {
1131 			if (tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
1132 				tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_persist);
1133 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1134 			}
1135 			tcp_callout_reset(tp, tp->tt_rexmt, tp->t_rxtcur,
1136 			    tcp_timer_rexmt);
1137 		}
1138 	} else {
1139 		/*
1140 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1141 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1142 		 */
1143 		int xlen = len;
1144 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1145 			panic("tcp_output: persist timer to send SYN");
1146 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1147 			++xlen;
1148 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1149 		}
1150 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1151 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
1152 	}
1153 
1154 	if (th != NULL) {
1155 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1156 		/* Trace. */
1157 		if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1158 			tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp,
1159 			    mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1160 		}
1161 #endif
1162 
1163 		/*
1164 		 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1165 		 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1166 		 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1167 		 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1168 		 */
1169 		/*
1170 		 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum
1171 		 * calcuration, because in6_cksum() need it.
1172 		 */
1173 		if (isipv6) {
1174 			/*
1175 			 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment,
1176 			 * since the user might want to change the value
1177 			 * via setsockopt.  Also, desired default hop
1178 			 * limit might be changed via Neighbor Discovery.
1179 			 */
1180 			ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(inp,
1181 			    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
1182 			     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
1183 
1184 			/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1185 			error = ip6_output(m, inp->in6p_outputopts,
1186 			    &inp->in6p_route, (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE),
1187 			    NULL, NULL, inp);
1188 		} else {
1189 			struct rtentry *rt;
1190 			ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
1191 #ifdef INET6
1192 			if (INP_CHECK_SOCKAF(so, AF_INET6))
1193 				ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(inp,
1194 				    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
1195 				     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
1196 			else
1197 #endif
1198 				ip->ip_ttl = inp->inp_ip_ttl;	/* XXX */
1199 
1200 			ip->ip_tos = inp->inp_ip_tos;	/* XXX */
1201 			/*
1202 			 * See if we should do MTU discovery.
1203 			 * We do it only if the following are true:
1204 			 *	1) we have a valid route to the destination
1205 			 *	2) the MTU is not locked (if it is,
1206 			 *	   then discovery has been disabled)
1207 			 */
1208 			if (path_mtu_discovery &&
1209 			    (rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt) &&
1210 			    (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
1211 			    !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
1212 				ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
1213 
1214 			error = ip_output(m, inp->inp_options, &inp->inp_route,
1215 					  (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) |
1216 					  IP_DEBUGROUTE, NULL, inp);
1217 		}
1218 	} else {
1219 		KASSERT(error != 0, ("no error, but th not set"));
1220 	}
1221 	if (error) {
1222 		tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_XMITNOW);
1223 
1224 		/*
1225 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1226 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1227 		 */
1228 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
1229 		    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
1230 			/*
1231 			 * No need to check for TH_FIN here because
1232 			 * the TF_SENTFIN flag handles that case.
1233 			 */
1234 			if (!(flags & TH_SYN))
1235 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1236 		}
1237 
1238 out:
1239 		if (error == ENOBUFS) {
1240 			/*
1241 			 * If we can't send, make sure there is something
1242 			 * to get us going again later.
1243 			 *
1244 			 * The persist timer isn't necessarily allowed in all
1245 			 * states, use the rexmt timer.
1246 			 */
1247 			if (!tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt) &&
1248 			    !tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_persist)) {
1249 				tcp_callout_reset(tp, tp->tt_rexmt,
1250 						  tp->t_rxtcur,
1251 						  tcp_timer_rexmt);
1252 #if 0
1253 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1254 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
1255 #endif
1256 			}
1257 			tcp_quench(inp, 0);
1258 			return (0);
1259 		}
1260 		if (error == EMSGSIZE) {
1261 			/*
1262 			 * ip_output() will have already fixed the route
1263 			 * for us.  tcp_mtudisc() will, as its last action,
1264 			 * initiate retransmission, so it is important to
1265 			 * not do so here.
1266 			 */
1267 			tcp_mtudisc(inp, 0);
1268 			return 0;
1269 		}
1270 		if ((error == EHOSTUNREACH || error == ENETDOWN) &&
1271 		    TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1272 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1273 			return (0);
1274 		}
1275 		return (error);
1276 	}
1277 	tcpstat.tcps_sndtotal++;
1278 
1279 	/*
1280 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1281 	 *
1282 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1283 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1284 	 *
1285 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1286 	 */
1287 	if (recvwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin, tp->rcv_adv)) {
1288 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin;
1289 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXRESIZED;
1290 	}
1291 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1292 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_XMITNOW);
1293 	if (tcp_delack_enabled)
1294 		tcp_callout_stop(tp, tp->tt_delack);
1295 	if (sendalot) {
1296 		if (tcp_fairsend > 0 && (tp->t_flags & TF_FAIRSEND) &&
1297 		    segcnt >= tcp_fairsend)
1298 			need_sched = TRUE;
1299 		goto again;
1300 	}
1301 	return (0);
1302 }
1303 
1304 void
1305 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1306 {
1307 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1308 	int tt;
1309 
1310 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT ||
1311 	    tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) {
1312 		panic("tcp_setpersist: not established yet, current %s",
1313 		      tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT ?
1314 		      "SYN_SENT" : "SYN_RECEIVED");
1315 	}
1316 
1317 	if (tcp_callout_active(tp, tp->tt_rexmt))
1318 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1319 	/*
1320 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1321 	 */
1322 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift], TCPTV_PERSMIN,
1323 		      TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1324 	tcp_callout_reset(tp, tp->tt_persist, tt, tcp_timer_persist);
1325 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1326 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1327 }
1328 
1329 static void
1330 tcp_idle_cwnd_validate(struct tcpcb *tp)
1331 {
1332 	u_long initial_cwnd = tcp_initial_window(tp);
1333 	u_long min_cwnd;
1334 
1335 	tcpstat.tcps_sndidle++;
1336 
1337 	/* According to RFC5681: RW=min(IW,cwnd) */
1338 	min_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, initial_cwnd);
1339 
1340 	if (tcp_idle_cwv) {
1341 		u_long idle_time, decay_cwnd;
1342 
1343 		/*
1344 		 * RFC2861, but only after idle period.
1345 		 */
1346 
1347 		/*
1348 		 * Before the congestion window is reduced, ssthresh
1349 		 * is set to the maximum of its current value and 3/4
1350 		 * cwnd.  If the sender then has more data to send
1351 		 * than the decayed cwnd allows, the TCP will slow-
1352 		 * start (perform exponential increase) at least
1353 		 * half-way back up to the old value of cwnd.
1354 		 */
1355 		tp->snd_ssthresh = max(tp->snd_ssthresh,
1356 		    (3 * tp->snd_cwnd) / 4);
1357 
1358 		/*
1359 		 * Decay the congestion window by half for every RTT
1360 		 * that the flow remains inactive.
1361 		 *
1362 		 * The difference between our implementation and
1363 		 * RFC2861 is that we don't allow cwnd to go below
1364 		 * the value allowed by RFC5681 (min_cwnd).
1365 		 */
1366 		idle_time = ticks - tp->snd_last;
1367 		decay_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;
1368 		while (idle_time >= tp->t_rxtcur &&
1369 		    decay_cwnd > min_cwnd) {
1370 			decay_cwnd >>= 1;
1371 			idle_time -= tp->t_rxtcur;
1372 		}
1373 		tp->snd_cwnd = max(decay_cwnd, min_cwnd);
1374 	} else {
1375 		/*
1376 		 * Slow-start from scratch to re-determine the send
1377 		 * congestion window.
1378 		 */
1379 		tp->snd_cwnd = min_cwnd;
1380 	}
1381 
1382 	/* Restart ABC counting during congestion avoidance */
1383 	tp->snd_wacked = 0;
1384 }
1385 
1386 static int
1387 tcp_tso_getsize(struct tcpcb *tp, u_int *segsz, u_int *hlen0)
1388 {
1389 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
1390 #ifdef INET6
1391 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
1392 #else
1393 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
1394 #endif
1395 	unsigned int ipoptlen, optlen;
1396 	u_int hlen;
1397 
1398 	hlen = sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
1399 
1400 	if (isipv6) {
1401 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
1402 	} else {
1403 		if (inp->inp_options) {
1404 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
1405 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
1406 		} else {
1407 			ipoptlen = 0;
1408 		}
1409 	}
1410 #ifdef IPSEC
1411 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
1412 #endif
1413 	hlen += ipoptlen;
1414 
1415 	optlen = 0;
1416 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
1417 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))
1418 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
1419 	hlen += optlen;
1420 
1421 	if (tp->t_maxopd <= optlen + ipoptlen)
1422 		return EHOSTUNREACH;
1423 
1424 	*segsz = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
1425 	*hlen0 = hlen;
1426 	return 0;
1427 }
1428 
1429 static void
1430 tcp_output_sched_handler(netmsg_t nmsg)
1431 {
1432 	struct tcpcb *tp = nmsg->lmsg.u.ms_resultp;
1433 
1434 	/* Reply ASAP */
1435 	crit_enter();
1436 	lwkt_replymsg(&nmsg->lmsg, 0);
1437 	crit_exit();
1438 
1439 	tcp_output_fair(tp);
1440 }
1441 
1442 void
1443 tcp_output_init(struct tcpcb *tp)
1444 {
1445 	netmsg_init(tp->tt_sndmore, NULL, &netisr_adone_rport, MSGF_DROPABLE,
1446 	    tcp_output_sched_handler);
1447 	tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg.u.ms_resultp = tp;
1448 }
1449 
1450 void
1451 tcp_output_cancel(struct tcpcb *tp)
1452 {
1453 	/*
1454 	 * This message is still pending to be processed;
1455 	 * drop it.  Optimized.
1456 	 */
1457 	crit_enter();
1458 	if ((tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg.ms_flags & MSGF_DONE) == 0) {
1459 		lwkt_dropmsg(&tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg);
1460 	}
1461 	crit_exit();
1462 }
1463 
1464 boolean_t
1465 tcp_output_pending(struct tcpcb *tp)
1466 {
1467 	if ((tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg.ms_flags & MSGF_DONE) == 0)
1468 		return TRUE;
1469 	else
1470 		return FALSE;
1471 }
1472 
1473 static void
1474 tcp_output_sched(struct tcpcb *tp)
1475 {
1476 	crit_enter();
1477 	if (tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg.ms_flags & MSGF_DONE)
1478 		lwkt_sendmsg(netisr_cpuport(mycpuid), &tp->tt_sndmore->lmsg);
1479 	crit_exit();
1480 }
1481 
1482 /*
1483  * Fairsend
1484  *
1485  * Yield to other senders or receivers on the same netisr if the current
1486  * TCP stream has sent tcp_fairsend segments and is going to burst more
1487  * segments.  Bursting large amount of segements in a single TCP stream
1488  * could delay other senders' segments and receivers' ACKs quite a lot,
1489  * if others segments and ACKs are queued on to the same hardware transmit
1490  * queue; thus cause unfairness between senders and suppress receiving
1491  * performance.
1492  *
1493  * Fairsend should be performed at the places that do not affect segment
1494  * sending during congestion control, e.g.
1495  * - User requested output
1496  * - ACK input triggered output
1497  *
1498  * NOTE:
1499  * For devices that are TSO capable, their TSO aggregation size limit could
1500  * affect fairsend.
1501  */
1502 int
1503 tcp_output_fair(struct tcpcb *tp)
1504 {
1505 	int ret;
1506 
1507 	tp->t_flags |= TF_FAIRSEND;
1508 	ret = tcp_output(tp);
1509 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_FAIRSEND;
1510 
1511 	return ret;
1512 }
1513