xref: /dragonfly/sys/vfs/ufs/ufs_dirhash.c (revision fcf53d9b)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2001 Ian Dowse.  All rights reserved.
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12  *
13  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
23  * SUCH DAMAGE.
24  *
25  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_dirhash.c,v 1.3.2.6 2002/04/10 21:41:14 dwmalone Exp $
26  * $DragonFly: src/sys/vfs/ufs/ufs_dirhash.c,v 1.6 2006/05/26 17:07:48 dillon Exp $
27  */
28 /*
29  * This implements a hash-based lookup scheme for UFS directories.
30  */
31 
32 #include "opt_ufs.h"
33 
34 #ifdef UFS_DIRHASH
35 
36 #include <sys/param.h>
37 #include <sys/systm.h>
38 #include <sys/kernel.h>
39 #include <sys/malloc.h>
40 #include <sys/fnv_hash.h>
41 #include <sys/proc.h>
42 #include <sys/buf.h>
43 #include <sys/vnode.h>
44 #include <sys/mount.h>
45 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
46 #include <sys/objcache.h>
47 
48 #include "quota.h"
49 #include "inode.h"
50 #include "dir.h"
51 #include "dirhash.h"
52 #include "ufsmount.h"
53 #include "ufs_extern.h"
54 #include "ffs_extern.h"
55 
56 #define WRAPINCR(val, limit)	(((val) + 1 == (limit)) ? 0 : ((val) + 1))
57 #define WRAPDECR(val, limit)	(((val) == 0) ? ((limit) - 1) : ((val) - 1))
58 #define OFSFMT(vp)		((vp)->v_mount->mnt_maxsymlinklen <= 0)
59 #define BLKFREE2IDX(n)		((n) > DH_NFSTATS ? DH_NFSTATS : (n))
60 
61 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_DIRHASH, "UFS dirhash", "UFS directory hash tables");
62 
63 SYSCTL_NODE(_vfs, OID_AUTO, ufs, CTLFLAG_RD, 0, "UFS filesystem");
64 
65 static int ufs_mindirhashsize = DIRBLKSIZ * 5;
66 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs_ufs, OID_AUTO, dirhash_minsize, CTLFLAG_RW,
67     &ufs_mindirhashsize,
68     0, "minimum directory size in bytes for which to use hashed lookup");
69 static int ufs_dirhashmaxmem = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
70 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs_ufs, OID_AUTO, dirhash_maxmem, CTLFLAG_RW, &ufs_dirhashmaxmem,
71     0, "maximum allowed dirhash memory usage");
72 static int ufs_dirhashmem;
73 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs_ufs, OID_AUTO, dirhash_mem, CTLFLAG_RD, &ufs_dirhashmem,
74     0, "current dirhash memory usage");
75 static int ufs_dirhashcheck = 0;
76 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs_ufs, OID_AUTO, dirhash_docheck, CTLFLAG_RW, &ufs_dirhashcheck,
77     0, "enable extra sanity tests");
78 
79 
80 static int ufsdirhash_hash(struct dirhash *dh, char *name, int namelen);
81 static void ufsdirhash_adjfree(struct dirhash *dh, doff_t offset, int diff);
82 static void ufsdirhash_delslot(struct dirhash *dh, int slot);
83 static int ufsdirhash_findslot(struct dirhash *dh, char *name, int namelen,
84 	   doff_t offset);
85 static doff_t ufsdirhash_getprev(struct direct *dp, doff_t offset);
86 static void ufsdirhash_init(void);
87 static int ufsdirhash_recycle(int wanted);
88 
89 static struct objcache  *ufsdirhash_oc;
90 
91 /* Dirhash list; recently-used entries are near the tail. */
92 static TAILQ_HEAD(, dirhash) ufsdirhash_list;
93 
94 /*
95  * Attempt to build up a hash table for the directory contents in
96  * inode 'ip'. Returns 0 on success, or -1 of the operation failed.
97  */
98 int
99 ufsdirhash_build(struct inode *ip)
100 {
101 	struct dirhash *dh;
102 	struct buf *bp = NULL;
103 	struct direct *ep;
104 	struct vnode *vp;
105 	doff_t bmask, pos;
106 	int dirblocks, i, j, memreqd, nblocks, narrays, nslots, slot;
107 
108 	/* Check if we can/should use dirhash. */
109 	if (ip->i_dirhash == NULL) {
110 		if (ip->i_size < ufs_mindirhashsize || OFSFMT(ip->i_vnode))
111 			return (-1);
112 	} else {
113 		/* Hash exists, but sysctls could have changed. */
114 		if (ip->i_size < ufs_mindirhashsize ||
115 		    ufs_dirhashmem > ufs_dirhashmaxmem) {
116 			ufsdirhash_free(ip);
117 			return (-1);
118 		}
119 		/* Check if hash exists and is intact (note: unlocked read). */
120 		if (ip->i_dirhash->dh_hash != NULL)
121 			return (0);
122 		/* Free the old, recycled hash and build a new one. */
123 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
124 	}
125 
126 	/* Don't hash removed directories. */
127 	if (ip->i_effnlink == 0)
128 		return (-1);
129 
130 	vp = ip->i_vnode;
131 	/* Allocate 50% more entries than this dir size could ever need. */
132 	KASSERT(ip->i_size >= DIRBLKSIZ, ("ufsdirhash_build size"));
133 	nslots = ip->i_size / DIRECTSIZ(1);
134 	nslots = (nslots * 3 + 1) / 2;
135 	narrays = howmany(nslots, DH_NBLKOFF);
136 	nslots = narrays * DH_NBLKOFF;
137 	dirblocks = howmany(ip->i_size, DIRBLKSIZ);
138 	nblocks = (dirblocks * 3 + 1) / 2;
139 
140 	memreqd = sizeof(*dh) + narrays * sizeof(*dh->dh_hash) +
141 	    narrays * DH_NBLKOFF * sizeof(**dh->dh_hash) +
142 	    nblocks * sizeof(*dh->dh_blkfree);
143 	if (memreqd + ufs_dirhashmem > ufs_dirhashmaxmem) {
144 		if (memreqd > ufs_dirhashmaxmem / 2)
145 			return (-1);
146 
147 		/* Try to free some space. */
148 		if (ufsdirhash_recycle(memreqd) != 0)
149 			return (-1);
150 		/* Enough was freed. */
151 	}
152 	ufs_dirhashmem += memreqd;
153 
154 	/*
155 	 * Use non-blocking mallocs so that we will revert to a linear
156 	 * lookup on failure rather than potentially blocking forever.
157 	 */
158 	MALLOC(dh, struct dirhash *, sizeof *dh, M_DIRHASH, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
159 	if (dh == NULL)
160 		return (-1);
161 	MALLOC(dh->dh_hash, doff_t **, narrays * sizeof(dh->dh_hash[0]),
162 	    M_DIRHASH, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
163 	MALLOC(dh->dh_blkfree, uint8_t *, nblocks * sizeof(dh->dh_blkfree[0]),
164 	    M_DIRHASH, M_NOWAIT);
165 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL || dh->dh_blkfree == NULL)
166 		goto fail;
167 	for (i = 0; i < narrays; i++) {
168 		if ((dh->dh_hash[i] = objcache_get(ufsdirhash_oc, M_WAITOK)) == NULL)
169 			goto fail;
170 		for (j = 0; j < DH_NBLKOFF; j++)
171 			dh->dh_hash[i][j] = DIRHASH_EMPTY;
172 	}
173 
174 	/* Initialise the hash table and block statistics. */
175 	dh->dh_narrays = narrays;
176 	dh->dh_hlen = nslots;
177 	dh->dh_nblk = nblocks;
178 	dh->dh_dirblks = dirblocks;
179 	for (i = 0; i < dirblocks; i++)
180 		dh->dh_blkfree[i] = DIRBLKSIZ / DIRALIGN;
181 	for (i = 0; i < DH_NFSTATS; i++)
182 		dh->dh_firstfree[i] = -1;
183 	dh->dh_firstfree[DH_NFSTATS] = 0;
184 	dh->dh_seqopt = 0;
185 	dh->dh_seqoff = 0;
186 	dh->dh_score = DH_SCOREINIT;
187 	ip->i_dirhash = dh;
188 
189 	bmask = VFSTOUFS(vp->v_mount)->um_mountp->mnt_stat.f_iosize - 1;
190 	pos = 0;
191 	while (pos < ip->i_size) {
192 		/* If necessary, get the next directory block. */
193 		if ((pos & bmask) == 0) {
194 			if (bp != NULL)
195 				brelse(bp);
196 			if (ffs_blkatoff(vp, (off_t)pos, NULL, &bp) != 0)
197 				goto fail;
198 		}
199 
200 		/* Add this entry to the hash. */
201 		ep = (struct direct *)((char *)bp->b_data + (pos & bmask));
202 		if (ep->d_reclen == 0 || ep->d_reclen >
203 		    DIRBLKSIZ - (pos & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1))) {
204 			/* Corrupted directory. */
205 			brelse(bp);
206 			goto fail;
207 		}
208 		if (ep->d_ino != 0) {
209 			/* Add the entry (simplified ufsdirhash_add). */
210 			slot = ufsdirhash_hash(dh, ep->d_name, ep->d_namlen);
211 			while (DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) != DIRHASH_EMPTY)
212 				slot = WRAPINCR(slot, dh->dh_hlen);
213 			dh->dh_hused++;
214 			DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) = pos;
215 			ufsdirhash_adjfree(dh, pos, -DIRSIZ(0, ep));
216 		}
217 		pos += ep->d_reclen;
218 	}
219 
220 	if (bp != NULL)
221 		brelse(bp);
222 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ufsdirhash_list, dh, dh_list);
223 	dh->dh_onlist = 1;
224 	return (0);
225 
226 fail:
227 	if (dh->dh_hash != NULL) {
228 		for (i = 0; i < narrays; i++)
229 			if (dh->dh_hash[i] != NULL)
230 				objcache_put(ufsdirhash_oc, dh->dh_hash[i]);
231 		FREE(dh->dh_hash, M_DIRHASH);
232 	}
233 	if (dh->dh_blkfree != NULL)
234 		FREE(dh->dh_blkfree, M_DIRHASH);
235 	FREE(dh, M_DIRHASH);
236 	ip->i_dirhash = NULL;
237 	ufs_dirhashmem -= memreqd;
238 	return (-1);
239 }
240 
241 /*
242  * Free any hash table associated with inode 'ip'.
243  */
244 void
245 ufsdirhash_free(struct inode *ip)
246 {
247 	struct dirhash *dh;
248 	int i, mem;
249 
250 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
251 		return;
252 	if (dh->dh_onlist)
253 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&ufsdirhash_list, dh, dh_list);
254 
255 	/* The dirhash pointed to by 'dh' is exclusively ours now. */
256 
257 	mem = sizeof(*dh);
258 	if (dh->dh_hash != NULL) {
259 		for (i = 0; i < dh->dh_narrays; i++)
260 			objcache_put(ufsdirhash_oc, dh->dh_hash[i]);
261 		FREE(dh->dh_hash, M_DIRHASH);
262 		FREE(dh->dh_blkfree, M_DIRHASH);
263 		mem += dh->dh_narrays * sizeof(*dh->dh_hash) +
264 		    dh->dh_narrays * DH_NBLKOFF * sizeof(**dh->dh_hash) +
265 		    dh->dh_nblk * sizeof(*dh->dh_blkfree);
266 	}
267 	FREE(dh, M_DIRHASH);
268 	ip->i_dirhash = NULL;
269 
270 	ufs_dirhashmem -= mem;
271 }
272 
273 /*
274  * Find the offset of the specified name within the given inode.
275  * Returns 0 on success, ENOENT if the entry does not exist, or
276  * EJUSTRETURN if the caller should revert to a linear search.
277  *
278  * If successful, the directory offset is stored in *offp, and a
279  * pointer to a struct buf containing the entry is stored in *bpp. If
280  * prevoffp is non-NULL, the offset of the previous entry within
281  * the DIRBLKSIZ-sized block is stored in *prevoffp (if the entry
282  * is the first in a block, the start of the block is used).
283  */
284 int
285 ufsdirhash_lookup(struct inode *ip, char *name, int namelen, doff_t *offp,
286 		  struct buf **bpp, doff_t *prevoffp)
287 {
288 	struct dirhash *dh, *dh_next;
289 	struct direct *dp;
290 	struct vnode *vp;
291 	struct buf *bp;
292 	doff_t blkoff, bmask, offset, prevoff;
293 	int i, slot;
294 
295 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
296 		return (EJUSTRETURN);
297 	/*
298 	 * Move this dirhash towards the end of the list if it has a
299 	 * score higher than the next entry.
300 	 * Optimise the case where it's already the last by performing
301 	 * an unlocked read of the TAILQ_NEXT pointer.
302 	 */
303 	if (TAILQ_NEXT(dh, dh_list) != NULL) {
304 		/*
305 		 * If the new score will be greater than that of the next
306 		 * entry, then move this entry past it. With both mutexes
307 		 * held, dh_next won't go away, but its dh_score could
308 		 * change; that's not important since it is just a hint.
309 		 */
310 		if (dh->dh_hash != NULL &&
311 		    (dh_next = TAILQ_NEXT(dh, dh_list)) != NULL &&
312 		    dh->dh_score >= dh_next->dh_score) {
313 			KASSERT(dh->dh_onlist, ("dirhash: not on list"));
314 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ufsdirhash_list, dh, dh_list);
315 			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&ufsdirhash_list, dh_next, dh,
316 			    dh_list);
317 		}
318 	}
319 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
320 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
321 		return (EJUSTRETURN);
322 	}
323 
324 	/* Update the score. */
325 	if (dh->dh_score < DH_SCOREMAX)
326 		dh->dh_score++;
327 
328 	vp = ip->i_vnode;
329 	bmask = VFSTOUFS(vp->v_mount)->um_mountp->mnt_stat.f_iosize - 1;
330 	blkoff = -1;
331 	bp = NULL;
332 restart:
333 	slot = ufsdirhash_hash(dh, name, namelen);
334 
335 	if (dh->dh_seqopt) {
336 		/*
337 		 * Sequential access optimisation. dh_seqoff contains the
338 		 * offset of the directory entry immediately following
339 		 * the last entry that was looked up. Check if this offset
340 		 * appears in the hash chain for the name we are looking for.
341 		 */
342 		for (i = slot; (offset = DH_ENTRY(dh, i)) != DIRHASH_EMPTY;
343 		    i = WRAPINCR(i, dh->dh_hlen))
344 			if (offset == dh->dh_seqoff)
345 				break;
346 		if (offset == dh->dh_seqoff) {
347 			/*
348 			 * We found an entry with the expected offset. This
349 			 * is probably the entry we want, but if not, the
350 			 * code below will turn off seqoff and retry.
351 			 */
352 			slot = i;
353 		} else
354 			dh->dh_seqopt = 0;
355 	}
356 
357 	for (; (offset = DH_ENTRY(dh, slot)) != DIRHASH_EMPTY;
358 	    slot = WRAPINCR(slot, dh->dh_hlen)) {
359 		if (offset == DIRHASH_DEL)
360 			continue;
361 
362 		if (offset < 0 || offset >= ip->i_size)
363 			panic("ufsdirhash_lookup: bad offset in hash array");
364 		if ((offset & ~bmask) != blkoff) {
365 			if (bp != NULL)
366 				brelse(bp);
367 			blkoff = offset & ~bmask;
368 			if (ffs_blkatoff(vp, (off_t)blkoff, NULL, &bp) != 0)
369 				return (EJUSTRETURN);
370 		}
371 		dp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_data + (offset & bmask));
372 		if (dp->d_reclen == 0 || dp->d_reclen >
373 		    DIRBLKSIZ - (offset & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1))) {
374 			/* Corrupted directory. */
375 			brelse(bp);
376 			return (EJUSTRETURN);
377 		}
378 		if (dp->d_namlen == namelen &&
379 		    bcmp(dp->d_name, name, namelen) == 0) {
380 			/* Found. Get the prev offset if needed. */
381 			if (prevoffp != NULL) {
382 				if (offset & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1)) {
383 					prevoff = ufsdirhash_getprev(dp,
384 					    offset);
385 					if (prevoff == -1) {
386 						brelse(bp);
387 						return (EJUSTRETURN);
388 					}
389 				} else
390 					prevoff = offset;
391 				*prevoffp = prevoff;
392 			}
393 
394 			/* Check for sequential access, and update offset. */
395 			if (dh->dh_seqopt == 0 && dh->dh_seqoff == offset)
396 				dh->dh_seqopt = 1;
397 			dh->dh_seqoff = offset + DIRSIZ(0, dp);
398 
399 			*bpp = bp;
400 			*offp = offset;
401 			return (0);
402 		}
403 
404 		if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
405 			if (bp != NULL)
406 				brelse(bp);
407 			ufsdirhash_free(ip);
408 			return (EJUSTRETURN);
409 		}
410 		/*
411 		 * When the name doesn't match in the seqopt case, go back
412 		 * and search normally.
413 		 */
414 		if (dh->dh_seqopt) {
415 			dh->dh_seqopt = 0;
416 			goto restart;
417 		}
418 	}
419 	if (bp != NULL)
420 		brelse(bp);
421 	return (ENOENT);
422 }
423 
424 /*
425  * Find a directory block with room for 'slotneeded' bytes. Returns
426  * the offset of the directory entry that begins the free space.
427  * This will either be the offset of an existing entry that has free
428  * space at the end, or the offset of an entry with d_ino == 0 at
429  * the start of a DIRBLKSIZ block.
430  *
431  * To use the space, the caller may need to compact existing entries in
432  * the directory. The total number of bytes in all of the entries involved
433  * in the compaction is stored in *slotsize. In other words, all of
434  * the entries that must be compacted are exactly contained in the
435  * region beginning at the returned offset and spanning *slotsize bytes.
436  *
437  * Returns -1 if no space was found, indicating that the directory
438  * must be extended.
439  */
440 doff_t
441 ufsdirhash_findfree(struct inode *ip, int slotneeded, int *slotsize)
442 {
443 	struct direct *dp;
444 	struct dirhash *dh;
445 	struct buf *bp;
446 	doff_t pos, slotstart;
447 	int dirblock, error, freebytes, i;
448 
449 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
450 		return (-1);
451 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
452 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
453 		return (-1);
454 	}
455 
456 	/* Find a directory block with the desired free space. */
457 	dirblock = -1;
458 	for (i = howmany(slotneeded, DIRALIGN); i <= DH_NFSTATS; i++)
459 		if ((dirblock = dh->dh_firstfree[i]) != -1)
460 			break;
461 	if (dirblock == -1) {
462 		return (-1);
463 	}
464 
465 	KASSERT(dirblock < dh->dh_nblk &&
466 	    dh->dh_blkfree[dirblock] >= howmany(slotneeded, DIRALIGN),
467 	    ("ufsdirhash_findfree: bad stats"));
468 	pos = dirblock * DIRBLKSIZ;
469 	error = ffs_blkatoff(ip->i_vnode, (off_t)pos, (char **)&dp, &bp);
470 	if (error)
471 		return (-1);
472 
473 	/* Find the first entry with free space. */
474 	for (i = 0; i < DIRBLKSIZ; ) {
475 		if (dp->d_reclen == 0) {
476 			brelse(bp);
477 			return (-1);
478 		}
479 		if (dp->d_ino == 0 || dp->d_reclen > DIRSIZ(0, dp))
480 			break;
481 		i += dp->d_reclen;
482 		dp = (struct direct *)((char *)dp + dp->d_reclen);
483 	}
484 	if (i > DIRBLKSIZ) {
485 		brelse(bp);
486 		return (-1);
487 	}
488 	slotstart = pos + i;
489 
490 	/* Find the range of entries needed to get enough space */
491 	freebytes = 0;
492 	while (i < DIRBLKSIZ && freebytes < slotneeded) {
493 		freebytes += dp->d_reclen;
494 		if (dp->d_ino != 0)
495 			freebytes -= DIRSIZ(0, dp);
496 		if (dp->d_reclen == 0) {
497 			brelse(bp);
498 			return (-1);
499 		}
500 		i += dp->d_reclen;
501 		dp = (struct direct *)((char *)dp + dp->d_reclen);
502 	}
503 	if (i > DIRBLKSIZ) {
504 		brelse(bp);
505 		return (-1);
506 	}
507 	if (freebytes < slotneeded)
508 		panic("ufsdirhash_findfree: free mismatch");
509 	brelse(bp);
510 	*slotsize = pos + i - slotstart;
511 	return (slotstart);
512 }
513 
514 /*
515  * Return the start of the unused space at the end of a directory, or
516  * -1 if there are no trailing unused blocks.
517  */
518 doff_t
519 ufsdirhash_enduseful(struct inode *ip)
520 {
521 	struct dirhash *dh;
522 	int i;
523 
524 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
525 		return (-1);
526 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
527 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
528 		return (-1);
529 	}
530 
531 	if (dh->dh_blkfree[dh->dh_dirblks - 1] != DIRBLKSIZ / DIRALIGN) {
532 		return (-1);
533 	}
534 
535 	for (i = dh->dh_dirblks - 1; i >= 0; i--)
536 		if (dh->dh_blkfree[i] != DIRBLKSIZ / DIRALIGN)
537 			break;
538 	return ((doff_t)(i + 1) * DIRBLKSIZ);
539 }
540 
541 /*
542  * Insert information into the hash about a new directory entry. dirp
543  * points to a struct direct containing the entry, and offset specifies
544  * the offset of this entry.
545  */
546 void
547 ufsdirhash_add(struct inode *ip, struct direct *dirp, doff_t offset)
548 {
549 	struct dirhash *dh;
550 	int slot;
551 
552 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
553 		return;
554 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
555 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
556 		return;
557 	}
558 
559 	KASSERT(offset < dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ,
560 	    ("ufsdirhash_add: bad offset"));
561 	/*
562 	 * Normal hash usage is < 66%. If the usage gets too high then
563 	 * remove the hash entirely and let it be rebuilt later.
564 	 */
565 	if (dh->dh_hused >= (dh->dh_hlen * 3) / 4) {
566 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
567 		return;
568 	}
569 
570 	/* Find a free hash slot (empty or deleted), and add the entry. */
571 	slot = ufsdirhash_hash(dh, dirp->d_name, dirp->d_namlen);
572 	while (DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) >= 0)
573 		slot = WRAPINCR(slot, dh->dh_hlen);
574 	if (DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) == DIRHASH_EMPTY)
575 		dh->dh_hused++;
576 	DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) = offset;
577 
578 	/* Update the per-block summary info. */
579 	ufsdirhash_adjfree(dh, offset, -DIRSIZ(0, dirp));
580 }
581 
582 /*
583  * Remove the specified directory entry from the hash. The entry to remove
584  * is defined by the name in `dirp', which must exist at the specified
585  * `offset' within the directory.
586  */
587 void
588 ufsdirhash_remove(struct inode *ip, struct direct *dirp, doff_t offset)
589 {
590 	struct dirhash *dh;
591 	int slot;
592 
593 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
594 		return;
595 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
596 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
597 		return;
598 	}
599 
600 	KASSERT(offset < dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ,
601 	    ("ufsdirhash_remove: bad offset"));
602 	/* Find the entry */
603 	slot = ufsdirhash_findslot(dh, dirp->d_name, dirp->d_namlen, offset);
604 
605 	/* Remove the hash entry. */
606 	ufsdirhash_delslot(dh, slot);
607 
608 	/* Update the per-block summary info. */
609 	ufsdirhash_adjfree(dh, offset, DIRSIZ(0, dirp));
610 }
611 
612 /*
613  * Change the offset associated with a directory entry in the hash. Used
614  * when compacting directory blocks.
615  */
616 void
617 ufsdirhash_move(struct inode *ip, struct direct *dirp, doff_t oldoff,
618 		doff_t newoff)
619 {
620 	struct dirhash *dh;
621 	int slot;
622 
623 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
624 		return;
625 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
626 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
627 		return;
628 	}
629 
630 	KASSERT(oldoff < dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ &&
631 	    newoff < dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ,
632 	    ("ufsdirhash_move: bad offset"));
633 	/* Find the entry, and update the offset. */
634 	slot = ufsdirhash_findslot(dh, dirp->d_name, dirp->d_namlen, oldoff);
635 	DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) = newoff;
636 }
637 
638 /*
639  * Inform dirhash that the directory has grown by one block that
640  * begins at offset (i.e. the new length is offset + DIRBLKSIZ).
641  */
642 void
643 ufsdirhash_newblk(struct inode *ip, doff_t offset)
644 {
645 	struct dirhash *dh;
646 	int block;
647 
648 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
649 		return;
650 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
651 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
652 		return;
653 	}
654 
655 	KASSERT(offset == dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ,
656 	    ("ufsdirhash_newblk: bad offset"));
657 	block = offset / DIRBLKSIZ;
658 	if (block >= dh->dh_nblk) {
659 		/* Out of space; must rebuild. */
660 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
661 		return;
662 	}
663 	dh->dh_dirblks = block + 1;
664 
665 	/* Account for the new free block. */
666 	dh->dh_blkfree[block] = DIRBLKSIZ / DIRALIGN;
667 	if (dh->dh_firstfree[DH_NFSTATS] == -1)
668 		dh->dh_firstfree[DH_NFSTATS] = block;
669 }
670 
671 /*
672  * Inform dirhash that the directory is being truncated.
673  */
674 void
675 ufsdirhash_dirtrunc(struct inode *ip, doff_t offset)
676 {
677 	struct dirhash *dh;
678 	int block, i;
679 
680 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
681 		return;
682 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
683 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
684 		return;
685 	}
686 
687 	KASSERT(offset <= dh->dh_dirblks * DIRBLKSIZ,
688 	    ("ufsdirhash_dirtrunc: bad offset"));
689 	block = howmany(offset, DIRBLKSIZ);
690 	/*
691 	 * If the directory shrinks to less than 1/8 of dh_nblk blocks
692 	 * (about 20% of its original size due to the 50% extra added in
693 	 * ufsdirhash_build) then free it, and let the caller rebuild
694 	 * if necessary.
695 	 */
696 	if (block < dh->dh_nblk / 8 && dh->dh_narrays > 1) {
697 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
698 		return;
699 	}
700 
701 	/*
702 	 * Remove any `first free' information pertaining to the
703 	 * truncated blocks. All blocks we're removing should be
704 	 * completely unused.
705 	 */
706 	if (dh->dh_firstfree[DH_NFSTATS] >= block)
707 		dh->dh_firstfree[DH_NFSTATS] = -1;
708 	for (i = block; i < dh->dh_dirblks; i++)
709 		if (dh->dh_blkfree[i] != DIRBLKSIZ / DIRALIGN)
710 			panic("ufsdirhash_dirtrunc: blocks in use");
711 	for (i = 0; i < DH_NFSTATS; i++)
712 		if (dh->dh_firstfree[i] >= block)
713 			panic("ufsdirhash_dirtrunc: first free corrupt");
714 	dh->dh_dirblks = block;
715 }
716 
717 /*
718  * Debugging function to check that the dirhash information about
719  * a directory block matches its actual contents. Panics if a mismatch
720  * is detected.
721  *
722  * On entry, `buf' should point to the start of an in-core
723  * DIRBLKSIZ-sized directory block, and `offset' should contain the
724  * offset from the start of the directory of that block.
725  */
726 void
727 ufsdirhash_checkblock(struct inode *ip, char *buf, doff_t offset)
728 {
729 	struct dirhash *dh;
730 	struct direct *dp;
731 	int block, ffslot, i, nfree;
732 
733 	if (!ufs_dirhashcheck)
734 		return;
735 	if ((dh = ip->i_dirhash) == NULL)
736 		return;
737 	if (dh->dh_hash == NULL) {
738 		ufsdirhash_free(ip);
739 		return;
740 	}
741 
742 	block = offset / DIRBLKSIZ;
743 	if ((offset & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1)) != 0 || block >= dh->dh_dirblks)
744 		panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad offset");
745 
746 	nfree = 0;
747 	for (i = 0; i < DIRBLKSIZ; i += dp->d_reclen) {
748 		dp = (struct direct *)(buf + i);
749 		if (dp->d_reclen == 0 || i + dp->d_reclen > DIRBLKSIZ)
750 			panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad dir");
751 
752 		if (dp->d_ino == 0) {
753 #if 0
754 			/*
755 			 * XXX entries with d_ino == 0 should only occur
756 			 * at the start of a DIRBLKSIZ block. However the
757 			 * ufs code is tolerant of such entries at other
758 			 * offsets, and fsck does not fix them.
759 			 */
760 			if (i != 0)
761 				panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad dir inode");
762 #endif
763 			nfree += dp->d_reclen;
764 			continue;
765 		}
766 
767 		/* Check that the entry	exists (will panic if it doesn't). */
768 		ufsdirhash_findslot(dh, dp->d_name, dp->d_namlen, offset + i);
769 
770 		nfree += dp->d_reclen - DIRSIZ(0, dp);
771 	}
772 	if (i != DIRBLKSIZ)
773 		panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad dir end");
774 
775 	if (dh->dh_blkfree[block] * DIRALIGN != nfree)
776 		panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad free count");
777 
778 	ffslot = BLKFREE2IDX(nfree / DIRALIGN);
779 	for (i = 0; i <= DH_NFSTATS; i++)
780 		if (dh->dh_firstfree[i] == block && i != ffslot)
781 			panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: bad first-free");
782 	if (dh->dh_firstfree[ffslot] == -1)
783 		panic("ufsdirhash_checkblock: missing first-free entry");
784 }
785 
786 /*
787  * Hash the specified filename into a dirhash slot.
788  */
789 static int
790 ufsdirhash_hash(struct dirhash *dh, char *name, int namelen)
791 {
792 	uint32_t hash;
793 
794 	/*
795 	 * We hash the name and then some ofther bit of data which is
796 	 * invarient over the dirhash's lifetime. Otherwise names
797 	 * differing only in the last byte are placed close to one
798 	 * another in the table, which is bad for linear probing.
799 	 */
800 	hash = fnv_32_buf(name, namelen, FNV1_32_INIT);
801 	hash = fnv_32_buf(dh, sizeof(dh), hash);
802 	return (hash % dh->dh_hlen);
803 }
804 
805 /*
806  * Adjust the number of free bytes in the block containing `offset'
807  * by the value specified by `diff'.
808  *
809  * The caller must ensure we have exclusive access to `dh'.
810  */
811 static void
812 ufsdirhash_adjfree(struct dirhash *dh, doff_t offset, int diff)
813 {
814 	int block, i, nfidx, ofidx;
815 
816 	/* Update the per-block summary info. */
817 	block = offset / DIRBLKSIZ;
818 	KASSERT(block < dh->dh_nblk && block < dh->dh_dirblks,
819 	     ("dirhash bad offset"));
820 	ofidx = BLKFREE2IDX(dh->dh_blkfree[block]);
821 	dh->dh_blkfree[block] = (int)dh->dh_blkfree[block] + (diff / DIRALIGN);
822 	nfidx = BLKFREE2IDX(dh->dh_blkfree[block]);
823 
824 	/* Update the `first free' list if necessary. */
825 	if (ofidx != nfidx) {
826 		/* If removing, scan forward for the next block. */
827 		if (dh->dh_firstfree[ofidx] == block) {
828 			for (i = block + 1; i < dh->dh_dirblks; i++)
829 				if (BLKFREE2IDX(dh->dh_blkfree[i]) == ofidx)
830 					break;
831 			dh->dh_firstfree[ofidx] = (i < dh->dh_dirblks) ? i : -1;
832 		}
833 
834 		/* Make this the new `first free' if necessary */
835 		if (dh->dh_firstfree[nfidx] > block ||
836 		    dh->dh_firstfree[nfidx] == -1)
837 			dh->dh_firstfree[nfidx] = block;
838 	}
839 }
840 
841 /*
842  * Find the specified name which should have the specified offset.
843  * Returns a slot number, and panics on failure.
844  *
845  * `dh' must be locked on entry and remains so on return.
846  */
847 static int
848 ufsdirhash_findslot(struct dirhash *dh, char *name, int namelen, doff_t offset)
849 {
850 	int slot;
851 
852 	/* Find the entry. */
853 	KASSERT(dh->dh_hused < dh->dh_hlen, ("dirhash find full"));
854 	slot = ufsdirhash_hash(dh, name, namelen);
855 	while (DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) != offset &&
856 	    DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) != DIRHASH_EMPTY)
857 		slot = WRAPINCR(slot, dh->dh_hlen);
858 	if (DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) != offset)
859 		panic("ufsdirhash_findslot: '%.*s' not found", namelen, name);
860 
861 	return (slot);
862 }
863 
864 /*
865  * Remove the entry corresponding to the specified slot from the hash array.
866  *
867  * `dh' must be locked on entry and remains so on return.
868  */
869 static void
870 ufsdirhash_delslot(struct dirhash *dh, int slot)
871 {
872 	int i;
873 
874 	/* Mark the entry as deleted. */
875 	DH_ENTRY(dh, slot) = DIRHASH_DEL;
876 
877 	/* If this is the end of a chain of DIRHASH_DEL slots, remove them. */
878 	for (i = slot; DH_ENTRY(dh, i) == DIRHASH_DEL; )
879 		i = WRAPINCR(i, dh->dh_hlen);
880 	if (DH_ENTRY(dh, i) == DIRHASH_EMPTY) {
881 		i = WRAPDECR(i, dh->dh_hlen);
882 		while (DH_ENTRY(dh, i) == DIRHASH_DEL) {
883 			DH_ENTRY(dh, i) = DIRHASH_EMPTY;
884 			dh->dh_hused--;
885 			i = WRAPDECR(i, dh->dh_hlen);
886 		}
887 		KASSERT(dh->dh_hused >= 0, ("ufsdirhash_delslot neg hlen"));
888 	}
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  * Given a directory entry and its offset, find the offset of the
893  * previous entry in the same DIRBLKSIZ-sized block. Returns an
894  * offset, or -1 if there is no previous entry in the block or some
895  * other problem occurred.
896  */
897 static doff_t
898 ufsdirhash_getprev(struct direct *dirp, doff_t offset)
899 {
900 	struct direct *dp;
901 	char *blkbuf;
902 	doff_t blkoff, prevoff;
903 	int entrypos, i;
904 
905 	blkoff = offset & ~(DIRBLKSIZ - 1);	/* offset of start of block */
906 	entrypos = offset & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1);	/* entry relative to block */
907 	blkbuf = (char *)dirp - entrypos;
908 	prevoff = blkoff;
909 
910 	/* If `offset' is the start of a block, there is no previous entry. */
911 	if (entrypos == 0)
912 		return (-1);
913 
914 	/* Scan from the start of the block until we get to the entry. */
915 	for (i = 0; i < entrypos; i += dp->d_reclen) {
916 		dp = (struct direct *)(blkbuf + i);
917 		if (dp->d_reclen == 0 || i + dp->d_reclen > entrypos)
918 			return (-1);	/* Corrupted directory. */
919 		prevoff = blkoff + i;
920 	}
921 	return (prevoff);
922 }
923 
924 /*
925  * Try to free up `wanted' bytes by stealing memory from existing
926  * dirhashes. Returns zero if successful.
927  */
928 static int
929 ufsdirhash_recycle(int wanted)
930 {
931 	struct dirhash *dh;
932 	doff_t **hash;
933 	uint8_t *blkfree;
934 	int i, mem, narrays;
935 
936 	while (wanted + ufs_dirhashmem > ufs_dirhashmaxmem) {
937 		/* Find a dirhash, and lock it. */
938 		if ((dh = TAILQ_FIRST(&ufsdirhash_list)) == NULL) {
939 			return (-1);
940 		}
941 		KASSERT(dh->dh_hash != NULL, ("dirhash: NULL hash on list"));
942 
943 		/* Decrement the score; only recycle if it becomes zero. */
944 		if (--dh->dh_score > 0) {
945 			return (-1);
946 		}
947 
948 		/* Remove it from the list and detach its memory. */
949 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&ufsdirhash_list, dh, dh_list);
950 		dh->dh_onlist = 0;
951 		hash = dh->dh_hash;
952 		dh->dh_hash = NULL;
953 		blkfree = dh->dh_blkfree;
954 		dh->dh_blkfree = NULL;
955 		narrays = dh->dh_narrays;
956 		mem = narrays * sizeof(*dh->dh_hash) +
957 		    narrays * DH_NBLKOFF * sizeof(**dh->dh_hash) +
958 		    dh->dh_nblk * sizeof(*dh->dh_blkfree);
959 
960 		/* Free the detached memory. */
961 		for (i = 0; i < narrays; i++)
962 			objcache_put(ufsdirhash_oc, hash[i]);
963 		FREE(hash, M_DIRHASH);
964 		FREE(blkfree, M_DIRHASH);
965 
966 		/* Account for the returned memory, and repeat if necessary. */
967 		ufs_dirhashmem -= mem;
968 	}
969 	/* Success. */
970 	return (0);
971 }
972 
973 
974 static void
975 ufsdirhash_init(void)
976 {
977 	ufsdirhash_oc = objcache_create_simple(M_DIRHASH,
978 	    DH_NBLKOFF * sizeof(daddr_t));
979 	TAILQ_INIT(&ufsdirhash_list);
980 }
981 SYSINIT(ufsdirhash, SI_SUB_PSEUDO, SI_ORDER_ANY, ufsdirhash_init, NULL)
982 
983 
984 #endif /* UFS_DIRHASH */
985