1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)time.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/time/time.1,v 1.13.2.5 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/time/time.1,v 1.3 2004/07/16 19:04:57 hmp Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt TIME 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm time 41.Nd time command execution 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl al 45.Op Fl h | Fl p 46.Op Fl o Ar file 47.Ar utility Op Ar argument ... 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49The 50.Nm 51utility 52executes and 53times the specified 54.Ar utility . 55After the 56.Ar utility 57finishes, 58.Nm 59writes to the standard error stream, 60(in seconds): 61the total time elapsed, 62the time used to execute the 63.Ar utility 64process and the time consumed by system overhead. 65.Pp 66Available options: 67.Bl -tag -width Ds 68.It Fl a 69If the 70.Fl o 71flag is used, append to the specified file rather than overwriting 72it. 73Otherwise, this option has no effect. 74.It Fl h 75Print times in a human friendly format. 76Times are printed in minutes, hours, 77etc. as appropriate. 78.It Fl l 79The contents of the 80.Em rusage 81structure are printed as well. 82.It Fl o Ar file 83Write the output to 84.Ar file 85instead of stderr. 86If 87.Ar file 88exists and the 89.Fl a 90flag is not specified, the file will be overwritten. 91.It Fl p 92Makes 93.Nm 94output POSIX.2 compliant (each time is printed on its own line). 95.El 96.Pp 97Some shells may provide a builtin 98.Nm 99command which is similar or identical to this utility. 100Consult the 101.Xr builtin 1 102manual page. 103.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 104If 105.Ar utility 106could be timed successfully, its exit status is returned. 107If 108.Ar utility 109terminated abnormally, a warning message is output to stderr. 110If the 111.Ar utility 112was found but could not be run, the exit status is 126. 113If no 114.Ar utility 115could be found at all, the exit status is 127. 116If 117.Nm 118encounters any other error, the exit status is between 1 and 125 119included. 120.Sh SEE ALSO 121.Xr builtin 1 , 122.Xr csh 1 , 123.Xr getrusage 2 , 124.Xr wait 2 125.Sh STANDARDS 126The 127.Nm 128utility is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993 (``POSIX''). 129.Sh HISTORY 130A 131.Nm 132command appeared in 133.At v3 . 134