1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1994 Christopher G. Demetriou 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. 16 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 17 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission 18 * 19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 20 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 21 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 22 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 23 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 24 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 28 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29 * 30 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1994 Christopher G. Demetriou All rights reserved. 31 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/sa/main.c,v 1.8.2.2 2001/07/19 05:20:49 kris Exp $ 32 */ 33 34 /* 35 * sa: system accounting 36 */ 37 38 #include <sys/types.h> 39 #include <sys/acct.h> 40 #include <ctype.h> 41 #include <err.h> 42 #include <fcntl.h> 43 #include <signal.h> 44 #include <stdio.h> 45 #include <stdlib.h> 46 #include <string.h> 47 #include <unistd.h> 48 #include "extern.h" 49 #include "pathnames.h" 50 51 static int acct_load(char *, int); 52 static u_quad_t decode_comp_t(comp_t); 53 static int cmp_comm(const char *, const char *); 54 static int cmp_usrsys(const DBT *, const DBT *); 55 static int cmp_avgusrsys(const DBT *, const DBT *); 56 static int cmp_dkio(const DBT *, const DBT *); 57 static int cmp_avgdkio(const DBT *, const DBT *); 58 static int cmp_cpumem(const DBT *, const DBT *); 59 static int cmp_avgcpumem(const DBT *, const DBT *); 60 static int cmp_calls(const DBT *, const DBT *); 61 static void usage (void); 62 63 int aflag, bflag, cflag, dflag, Dflag, fflag, iflag, jflag, kflag; 64 int Kflag, lflag, mflag, qflag, rflag, sflag, tflag, uflag, vflag; 65 u_quad_t cutoff = 1; 66 67 static char *dfltargv[] = { NULL }; 68 static int dfltargc = (sizeof dfltargv/sizeof(char *)); 69 70 /* default to comparing by sum of user + system time */ 71 cmpf_t sa_cmp = cmp_usrsys; 72 73 int 74 main(int argc, char **argv) 75 { 76 char ch; 77 char pathacct[] = _PATH_ACCT; 78 int error = 0; 79 80 dfltargv[0] = pathacct; 81 82 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "abcdDfijkKlmnqrstuv:")) != -1) 83 switch (ch) { 84 case 'a': 85 /* print all commands */ 86 aflag = 1; 87 break; 88 case 'b': 89 /* sort by per-call user/system time average */ 90 bflag = 1; 91 sa_cmp = cmp_avgusrsys; 92 break; 93 case 'c': 94 /* print percentage total time */ 95 cflag = 1; 96 break; 97 case 'd': 98 /* sort by averge number of disk I/O ops */ 99 dflag = 1; 100 sa_cmp = cmp_avgdkio; 101 break; 102 case 'D': 103 /* print and sort by total disk I/O ops */ 104 Dflag = 1; 105 sa_cmp = cmp_dkio; 106 break; 107 case 'f': 108 /* force no interactive threshold comprison */ 109 fflag = 1; 110 break; 111 case 'i': 112 /* do not read in summary file */ 113 iflag = 1; 114 break; 115 case 'j': 116 /* instead of total minutes, give sec/call */ 117 jflag = 1; 118 break; 119 case 'k': 120 /* sort by cpu-time average memory usage */ 121 kflag = 1; 122 sa_cmp = cmp_avgcpumem; 123 break; 124 case 'K': 125 /* print and sort by cpu-storage integral */ 126 sa_cmp = cmp_cpumem; 127 Kflag = 1; 128 break; 129 case 'l': 130 /* separate system and user time */ 131 lflag = 1; 132 break; 133 case 'm': 134 /* print procs and time per-user */ 135 mflag = 1; 136 break; 137 case 'n': 138 /* sort by number of calls */ 139 sa_cmp = cmp_calls; 140 break; 141 case 'q': 142 /* quiet; error messages only */ 143 qflag = 1; 144 break; 145 case 'r': 146 /* reverse order of sort */ 147 rflag = 1; 148 break; 149 case 's': 150 /* merge accounting file into summaries */ 151 sflag = 1; 152 break; 153 case 't': 154 /* report ratio of user and system times */ 155 tflag = 1; 156 break; 157 case 'u': 158 /* first, print uid and command name */ 159 uflag = 1; 160 break; 161 case 'v': 162 /* cull junk */ 163 vflag = 1; 164 cutoff = atoi(optarg); 165 break; 166 case '?': 167 default: 168 usage(); 169 } 170 171 argc -= optind; 172 argv += optind; 173 174 /* various argument checking */ 175 if (fflag && !vflag) 176 errx(1, "only one of -f requires -v"); 177 if (fflag && aflag) 178 errx(1, "only one of -a and -v may be specified"); 179 /* XXX need more argument checking */ 180 181 if (!uflag) { 182 /* initialize tables */ 183 if ((sflag || (!mflag && !qflag)) && pacct_init() != 0) 184 errx(1, "process accounting initialization failed"); 185 if ((sflag || (mflag && !qflag)) && usracct_init() != 0) 186 errx(1, "user accounting initialization failed"); 187 } 188 189 if (argc == 0) { 190 argc = dfltargc; 191 argv = dfltargv; 192 } 193 194 /* for each file specified */ 195 for (; argc > 0; argc--, argv++) { 196 int fd; 197 198 /* 199 * load the accounting data from the file. 200 * if it fails, go on to the next file. 201 */ 202 fd = acct_load(argv[0], sflag); 203 if (fd < 0) 204 continue; 205 206 if (!uflag && sflag) { 207 #ifndef DEBUG 208 sigset_t nmask, omask; 209 int unmask = 1; 210 211 /* 212 * block most signals so we aren't interrupted during 213 * the update. 214 */ 215 if (sigfillset(&nmask) == -1) { 216 warn("sigfillset"); 217 unmask = 0; 218 error = 1; 219 } 220 if (unmask && 221 (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nmask, &omask) == -1)) { 222 warn("couldn't set signal mask"); 223 unmask = 0; 224 error = 1; 225 } 226 #endif /* DEBUG */ 227 228 /* 229 * truncate the accounting data file ASAP, to avoid 230 * losing data. don't worry about errors in updating 231 * the saved stats; better to underbill than overbill, 232 * but we want every accounting record intact. 233 */ 234 if (ftruncate(fd, 0) == -1) { 235 warn("couldn't truncate %s", argv[0]); 236 error = 1; 237 } 238 239 /* 240 * update saved user and process accounting data. 241 * note errors for later. 242 */ 243 if (pacct_update() != 0 || usracct_update() != 0) 244 error = 1; 245 246 #ifndef DEBUG 247 /* 248 * restore signals 249 */ 250 if (unmask && 251 (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL) == -1)) { 252 warn("couldn't restore signal mask"); 253 error = 1; 254 } 255 #endif /* DEBUG */ 256 } 257 258 /* 259 * close the opened accounting file 260 */ 261 if (close(fd) == -1) { 262 warn("close %s", argv[0]); 263 error = 1; 264 } 265 } 266 267 if (!uflag && !qflag) { 268 /* print any results we may have obtained. */ 269 if (!mflag) 270 pacct_print(); 271 else 272 usracct_print(); 273 } 274 275 if (!uflag) { 276 /* finally, deallocate databases */ 277 if (sflag || (!mflag && !qflag)) 278 pacct_destroy(); 279 if (sflag || (mflag && !qflag)) 280 usracct_destroy(); 281 } 282 283 exit(error); 284 } 285 286 static void 287 usage(void) 288 { 289 fprintf(stderr, 290 "usage: sa [-abcdDfijkKlmnqrstu] [-v cutoff] [file ...]\n"); 291 exit(1); 292 } 293 294 static int 295 acct_load(char *pn, int wr) 296 { 297 struct acct ac; 298 struct cmdinfo ci; 299 ssize_t rv; 300 int fd, i; 301 302 /* 303 * open the file 304 */ 305 fd = open(pn, wr ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY, 0); 306 if (fd == -1) { 307 warn("open %s %s", pn, wr ? "for read/write" : "read-only"); 308 return (-1); 309 } 310 311 /* 312 * read all we can; don't stat and open because more processes 313 * could exit, and we'd miss them 314 */ 315 while (1) { 316 /* get one accounting entry and punt if there's an error */ 317 rv = read(fd, &ac, sizeof(struct acct)); 318 if (rv == -1) 319 warn("error reading %s", pn); 320 else if (rv > 0 && rv < (int)sizeof(struct acct)) 321 warnx("short read of accounting data in %s", pn); 322 if (rv != sizeof(struct acct)) 323 break; 324 325 /* decode it */ 326 ci.ci_calls = 1; 327 for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof ac.ac_comm && ac.ac_comm[i] != '\0'; 328 i++) { 329 char c = ac.ac_comm[i]; 330 331 if (!isascii(c) || iscntrl(c)) { 332 ci.ci_comm[i] = '?'; 333 ci.ci_flags |= CI_UNPRINTABLE; 334 } else 335 ci.ci_comm[i] = c; 336 } 337 if (ac.ac_flag & AFORK) 338 ci.ci_comm[i++] = '*'; 339 ci.ci_comm[i++] = '\0'; 340 ci.ci_etime = decode_comp_t(ac.ac_etime); 341 ci.ci_utime = decode_comp_t(ac.ac_utime); 342 ci.ci_stime = decode_comp_t(ac.ac_stime); 343 ci.ci_uid = ac.ac_uid; 344 ci.ci_mem = ac.ac_mem; 345 ci.ci_io = decode_comp_t(ac.ac_io) / AHZ; 346 347 if (!uflag) { 348 /* and enter it into the usracct and pacct databases */ 349 if (sflag || (!mflag && !qflag)) 350 pacct_add(&ci); 351 if (sflag || (mflag && !qflag)) 352 usracct_add(&ci); 353 } else if (!qflag) 354 printf("%6lu %12.2f cpu %12juk mem %12ju io %s\n", 355 ci.ci_uid, 356 (ci.ci_utime + ci.ci_stime) / (double) AHZ, 357 (uintmax_t)ci.ci_mem, (uintmax_t)ci.ci_io, 358 ci.ci_comm); 359 } 360 361 /* finally, return the file descriptor for possible truncation */ 362 return (fd); 363 } 364 365 static u_quad_t 366 decode_comp_t(comp_t comp) 367 { 368 u_quad_t rv; 369 370 /* 371 * for more info on the comp_t format, see: 372 * /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_acct.c 373 * /usr/src/sys/sys/acct.h 374 * /usr/src/usr.bin/lastcomm/lastcomm.c 375 */ 376 rv = comp & 0x1fff; /* 13 bit fraction */ 377 comp >>= 13; /* 3 bit base-8 exponent */ 378 while (comp--) 379 rv <<= 3; 380 381 return (rv); 382 } 383 384 /* sort commands, doing the right thing in terms of reversals */ 385 static int 386 cmp_comm(const char *s1, const char *s2) 387 { 388 int rv; 389 390 rv = strcmp(s1, s2); 391 if (rv == 0) 392 rv = -1; 393 return (rflag ? rv : -rv); 394 } 395 396 /* sort by total user and system time */ 397 static int 398 cmp_usrsys(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 399 { 400 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 401 u_quad_t t1, t2; 402 403 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 404 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 405 406 t1 = c1.ci_utime + c1.ci_stime; 407 t2 = c2.ci_utime + c2.ci_stime; 408 409 if (t1 < t2) 410 return -1; 411 else if (t1 == t2) 412 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 413 else 414 return 1; 415 } 416 417 /* sort by average user and system time */ 418 static int 419 cmp_avgusrsys(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 420 { 421 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 422 double t1, t2; 423 424 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 425 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 426 427 t1 = c1.ci_utime + c1.ci_stime; 428 t1 /= (double) (c1.ci_calls ? c1.ci_calls : 1); 429 430 t2 = c2.ci_utime + c2.ci_stime; 431 t2 /= (double) (c2.ci_calls ? c2.ci_calls : 1); 432 433 if (t1 < t2) 434 return -1; 435 else if (t1 == t2) 436 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 437 else 438 return 1; 439 } 440 441 /* sort by total number of disk I/O operations */ 442 static int 443 cmp_dkio(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 444 { 445 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 446 447 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 448 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 449 450 if (c1.ci_io < c2.ci_io) 451 return -1; 452 else if (c1.ci_io == c2.ci_io) 453 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 454 else 455 return 1; 456 } 457 458 /* sort by average number of disk I/O operations */ 459 static int 460 cmp_avgdkio(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 461 { 462 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 463 double n1, n2; 464 465 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 466 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 467 468 n1 = (double) c1.ci_io / (double) (c1.ci_calls ? c1.ci_calls : 1); 469 n2 = (double) c2.ci_io / (double) (c2.ci_calls ? c2.ci_calls : 1); 470 471 if (n1 < n2) 472 return -1; 473 else if (n1 == n2) 474 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 475 else 476 return 1; 477 } 478 479 /* sort by the cpu-storage integral */ 480 static int 481 cmp_cpumem(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 482 { 483 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 484 485 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 486 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 487 488 if (c1.ci_mem < c2.ci_mem) 489 return -1; 490 else if (c1.ci_mem == c2.ci_mem) 491 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 492 else 493 return 1; 494 } 495 496 /* sort by the cpu-time average memory usage */ 497 static int 498 cmp_avgcpumem(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 499 { 500 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 501 u_quad_t t1, t2; 502 double n1, n2; 503 504 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 505 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 506 507 t1 = c1.ci_utime + c1.ci_stime; 508 t2 = c2.ci_utime + c2.ci_stime; 509 510 n1 = (double) c1.ci_mem / (double) (t1 ? t1 : 1); 511 n2 = (double) c2.ci_mem / (double) (t2 ? t2 : 1); 512 513 if (n1 < n2) 514 return -1; 515 else if (n1 == n2) 516 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 517 else 518 return 1; 519 } 520 521 /* sort by the number of invocations */ 522 static int 523 cmp_calls(const DBT *d1, const DBT *d2) 524 { 525 struct cmdinfo c1, c2; 526 527 memcpy(&c1, d1->data, sizeof(c1)); 528 memcpy(&c2, d2->data, sizeof(c2)); 529 530 if (c1.ci_calls < c2.ci_calls) 531 return -1; 532 else if (c1.ci_calls == c2.ci_calls) 533 return (cmp_comm(c1.ci_comm, c2.ci_comm)); 534 else 535 return 1; 536 } 537