xref: /freebsd/contrib/file/magic/Magdir/filesystems (revision a2dfb722)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: filesystems,v 1.150 2022/07/04 16:40:33 christos Exp $
# filesystems:  file(1) magic for different filesystems
#
0	name	partid
>0	ubyte	0x00	Unused
>0	ubyte	0x01	12-bit FAT
>0	ubyte	0x02	XENIX /
>0	ubyte	0x03	XENIX /usr
>0	ubyte	0x04	16-bit FAT, less than 32M
>0	ubyte	0x05	extended partition
>0	ubyte	0x06	16-bit FAT, more than 32M
>0	ubyte	0x07	OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX2, Adv. UNIX
>0	ubyte	0x08	AIX or os, or etc.
>0	ubyte	0x09	AIX boot partition or Coherent
>0	ubyte	0x0a	O/2 boot manager or Coherent swap
>0	ubyte	0x0b	32-bit FAT
>0	ubyte	0x0c	32-bit FAT, LBA-mapped
>0	ubyte	0x0d	7XXX, LBA-mapped
>0	ubyte	0x0e	16-bit FAT, LBA-mapped
>0	ubyte	0x0f	extended partition, LBA-mapped
>0	ubyte	0x10	OPUS
>0	ubyte	0x11 	OS/2 DOS 12-bit FAT
>0	ubyte	0x12 	Compaq diagnostics
>0	ubyte	0x14 	OS/2 DOS 16-bit FAT <32M
>0	ubyte	0x16 	OS/2 DOS 16-bit FAT >=32M
>0	ubyte	0x17 	OS/2 hidden IFS
>0	ubyte	0x18 	AST Windows swapfile
>0	ubyte	0x19 	Willowtech Photon coS
>0	ubyte	0x1b 	hidden win95 fat 32
>0	ubyte	0x1c 	hidden win95 fat 32 lba
>0	ubyte	0x1d	hidden win95 fat 16 lba
>0	ubyte	0x20 	Willowsoft OFS1
>0	ubyte	0x21 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x23 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x24	NEC DOS
>0	ubyte	0x26 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x31 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x32	Alien Internet Services NOS
>0	ubyte	0x33 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x34 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x35 	JFS on OS2
>0	ubyte	0x36 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x38 	Theos
>0	ubyte	0x39 	Plan 9, or Theos spanned
>0	ubyte	0x3a 	Theos ver 4 4gb partition
>0	ubyte	0x3b 	Theos ve 4 extended partition
>0	ubyte	0x3c 	PartitionMagic recovery
>0	ubyte	0x3d 	Hidden Netware
>0	ubyte	0x40 	VENIX 286 or LynxOS
>0	ubyte	0x41	PReP
>0	ubyte	0x42	linux swap sharing DRDOS disk
>0	ubyte	0x43	linux sharing DRDOS disk
>0	ubyte	0x44	GoBack change utility
>0	ubyte	0x45	Boot US Boot manager
>0	ubyte	0x46	EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0	ubyte	0x47	EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0	ubyte	0x48	EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0	ubyte	0x4a	ALFX/THIN filesystem for DOS
>0	ubyte	0x4c	Oberon partition
>0	ubyte	0x4d 	QNX4.x
>0	ubyte	0x4e 	QNX4.x 2nd part
>0	ubyte	0x4f 	QNX4.x 3rd part
>0	ubyte	0x50 	DM (disk manager)
>0	ubyte	0x51 	DM6 Aux1 (or Novell)
>0	ubyte	0x52 	CP/M or Microport SysV/AT
>0	ubyte	0x53 	DM6 Aux3
>0	ubyte	0x54	DM6 DDO
>0	ubyte	0x55	EZ-Drive (disk manager)
>0	ubyte	0x56	Golden Bow (disk manager)
>0	ubyte	0x57	Drive PRO
>0	ubyte	0x5c	Priam Edisk (disk manager)
>0	ubyte	0x61	SpeedStor
>0	ubyte	0x63	GNU HURD or Mach or Sys V/386
>0	ubyte	0x64	Novell Netware 2.xx or Speedstore
>0	ubyte	0x65	Novell Netware 3.xx
>0	ubyte	0x66	Novell 386 Netware
>0	ubyte	0x67	Novell
>0	ubyte	0x68	Novell
>0	ubyte	0x69	Novell
>0	ubyte	0x70	DiskSecure Multi-Boot
>0	ubyte	0x71	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x73	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x74	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x75	PC/IX
>0	ubyte	0x76	reserved
>0	ubyte	0x77	M2FS/M2CS partition
>0	ubyte	0x78	XOSL boot loader filesystem
>0	ubyte	0x80	MINIX until 1.4a
>0	ubyte	0x81	MINIX since 1.4b
>0	ubyte	0x82	Linux swap or Solaris
>0	ubyte	0x83	Linux native
>0	ubyte	0x84	OS/2 hidden C: drive
>0	ubyte	0x85	Linux extended partition
>0	ubyte	0x86	NT FAT volume set
>0	ubyte	0x87	NTFS volume set or HPFS mirrored
>0	ubyte	0x8a	Linux Kernel AiR-BOOT partition
>0	ubyte	0x8b	Legacy Fault tolerant FAT32
>0	ubyte	0x8c	Legacy Fault tolerant FAT32 ext
>0	ubyte	0x8d	Hidden free FDISK FAT12
>0	ubyte	0x8e	Linux Logical Volume Manager
>0	ubyte	0x90	Hidden free FDISK FAT16
>0	ubyte	0x91	Hidden free FDISK DOS EXT
>0	ubyte	0x92	Hidden free FDISK FAT16 Big
>0	ubyte	0x93	Amoeba filesystem
>0	ubyte	0x94	Amoeba bad block table
>0	ubyte	0x95	MIT EXOPC native partitions
>0	ubyte	0x97	Hidden free FDISK FAT32
>0	ubyte	0x98	Datalight ROM-DOS Super-Boot
>0	ubyte	0x99	Mylex EISA SCSI
>0	ubyte	0x9a	Hidden free FDISK FAT16 LBA
>0	ubyte	0x9b	Hidden free FDISK EXT LBA
>0	ubyte	0x9f	BSDI?
>0	ubyte	0xa0	IBM Thinkpad hibernation
>0	ubyte	0xa1	HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0	ubyte	0xa3	HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0	ubyte	0xa4	HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0	ubyte	0xa5	386BSD partition type
>0	ubyte	0xa6	OpenBSD partition type
>0	ubyte	0xa7	NeXTSTEP 486
>0	ubyte	0xa8	Apple UFS
>0	ubyte	0xa9	NetBSD partition type
>0	ubyte	0xaa	Olivetty Fat12 1.44MB Service part
>0	ubyte	0xab	Apple Boot
>0	ubyte	0xae	SHAG OS filesystem
>0	ubyte	0xaf	Apple HFS
>0	ubyte	0xb0	BootStar Dummy
>0	ubyte	0xb1	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xb3	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xb4	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xb6	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xb7	BSDI BSD/386 filesystem
>0	ubyte	0xb8	BSDI BSD/386 swap
>0	ubyte	0xbb	Boot Wizard Hidden
>0	ubyte	0xbe	Solaris 8 partition type
>0	ubyte	0xbf	Solaris partition type
>0	ubyte	0xc0 	CTOS
>0	ubyte	0xc1 	DRDOS/sec (FAT-12)
>0	ubyte	0xc2 	Hidden Linux
>0	ubyte	0xc3 	Hidden Linux swap
>0	ubyte	0xc4 	DRDOS/sec (FAT-16, < 32M)
>0	ubyte	0xc5 	DRDOS/sec (EXT)
>0	ubyte	0xc6 	DRDOS/sec (FAT-16, >= 32M)
>0	ubyte	0xc7 	Syrinx (Cyrnix?) or HPFS disabled
>0	ubyte	0xc8 	Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0	ubyte	0xc9 	Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0	ubyte	0xca 	Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0	ubyte	0xcb 	DR-DOS 7.04+ Secured FAT32 CHS
>0	ubyte	0xcc 	DR-DOS 7.04+ Secured FAT32 LBA
>0	ubyte	0xcd	CTOS Memdump
>0	ubyte	0xce 	DR-DOS 7.04+ FAT16X LBA
>0	ubyte	0xcf 	DR-DOS 7.04+ EXT LBA
>0	ubyte	0xd0 	REAL/32 secure big partition
>0	ubyte	0xd1 	Old Multiuser DOS FAT12
>0	ubyte	0xd4 	Old Multiuser DOS FAT16 Small
>0	ubyte	0xd5 	Old Multiuser DOS Extended
>0	ubyte	0xd6 	Old Multiuser DOS FAT16 Big
>0	ubyte	0xd8 	CP/M 86
>0	ubyte	0xdb 	CP/M or Concurrent CP/M
>0	ubyte	0xdd 	Hidden CTOS Memdump
>0	ubyte	0xde 	Dell PowerEdge Server utilities
>0	ubyte	0xdf 	DG/UX virtual disk manager
>0	ubyte	0xe0 	STMicroelectronics ST AVFS
>0	ubyte	0xe1 	DOS access or SpeedStor 12-bit
>0	ubyte	0xe3 	DOS R/O or Storage Dimensions
>0	ubyte	0xe4 	SpeedStor 16-bit FAT < 1024 cyl.
>0	ubyte	0xe5	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xe6	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xeb 	BeOS
>0	ubyte	0xee	GPT Protective MBR
>0	ubyte	0xef	EFI system partition
>0	ubyte	0xf0 	Linux PA-RISC boot loader
>0	ubyte	0xf1 	SpeedStor or Storage Dimensions
>0	ubyte	0xf2 	DOS 3.3+ Secondary
>0	ubyte	0xf3	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xf4	SpeedStor large partition
>0	ubyte	0xf5	Prologue multi-volumen partition
>0	ubyte	0xf6 	reserved
>0	ubyte	0xf9 	pCache: ext2/ext3 persistent cache
>0	ubyte	0xfa 	Bochs x86 emulator
>0	ubyte	0xfb 	VMware File System
>0	ubyte	0xfc 	VMware Swap
>0	ubyte	0xfd 	Linux RAID partition persistent sb
>0	ubyte	0xfe	LANstep or IBM PS/2 IML
>0	ubyte	0xff 	Xenix Bad Block Table

0	string	\366\366\366\366	PC formatted floppy with no filesystem
# Sun disk labels
# From /usr/include/sun/dklabel.h:
0774	beshort		0xdabe
# modified by Joerg Jenderek, because original test
# succeeds for Cabinet archive dao360.dl_ with negative blocks
>0770	long		>0		Sun disk label
>>0	string		x		'%s
>>>31	string		>\0		\b%s
>>>>63	string		>\0		\b%s
>>>>>95	string		>\0		\b%s
>>0	string		x		\b'
>>0734	short		>0		%d rpm,
>>0736	short		>0		%d phys cys,
>>0740	short		>0		%d alts/cyl,
>>0746	short		>0		%d interleave,
>>0750	short		>0		%d data cyls,
>>0752	short		>0		%d alt cyls,
>>0754	short		>0		%d heads/partition,
>>0756	short		>0		%d sectors/track,
>>0764	long		>0		start cyl %d,
>>0770	long		x		%d blocks
# Is there a boot block written 1 sector in?
>512    belong&077777777	0600407	\b, boot block present

# Joerg Jenderek: Smart Boot Manager backup file is 25 (MSDOS) or 41 (LINUX) byte header + first sectors of disk
# (http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/docs/user-guide-3.html)
0		string	SBMBAKUP_	Smart Boot Manager backup file
>9		string	x		\b, version %-5.5s
>>14		string	=_
>>>15		string	x		%-.1s
>>>>16		string	=_		\b.
>>>>>17		string	x		\b%-.1s
>>>>>>18	string	=_		\b.
>>>>>>>19	string	x		\b%-.1s
>>>22		ubyte	0
>>>>21		ubyte	x		\b, from drive %#x
>>>22		ubyte	>0
>>>>21		string	x		\b, from drive %s
>>>535		search/17	\x55\xAA
>>>>&-512	indirect	x	\b; contains

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# DOS Emulator image is 128 byte, null right padded header + harddisc image
0	string	DOSEMU\0
>0x27E	leshort	0xAA55
#offset is 128
>>19	ubyte	128
>>>(19.b-1)	ubyte	0x0	DOS Emulator image
>>>>7	ulelong	>0		\b, %u heads
>>>>11	ulelong	>0		\b, %d sectors/track
>>>>15	ulelong	>0		\b, %d cylinders
>>>>128	indirect	x	\b; contains

# added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# http://www.thenakedpc.com/articles/v04/08/0408-05.html
# Symantec (Peter Norton) Image.dat file consists of variable header, bootrecord, part of FAT and root directory data
0	string	PNCIHISK\0		Norton Utilities disc image data
# real x86 boot sector with jump instruction
>509	search/1026	\x55\xAA\xeb
>>&-1	indirect	x		\b; contains
# http://file-extension.net/seeker/file_extension_dat
0	string	PNCIUNDO		Norton Disk Doctor UnDo file
#

# DOS/MBR boot sector updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2007,May 2011,2013
# for any allowed sector sizes
30		search/481	\x55\xAA
# to display DOS/MBR boot sector (40) before old one (strength=50+21),Syslinux bootloader (71),SYSLINUX MBR (37+36),NetBSD mbr (110),AdvanceMAME mbr (111)
# DOS BPB information (70) and after DOS floppy (120) like in previous file version
!:strength +65
# for sector sizes < 512 Bytes
>11		uleshort	<512
>>(11.s-2)	uleshort	0xAA55		DOS/MBR boot sector
# for sector sizes with 512 or more Bytes
>0x1FE		leshort		0xAA55		DOS/MBR boot sector

# ExFAT
3		string/w	=EXFAT
>0x1FE		leshort		0xAA55
>>0x6E		ubyte		1
>>>0x6F		ubyte		0x80
>>>0		ubyte		0xEB	DOS/MBR boot sector,
>>>0x69		ubyte		x	ExFAT Filesystem version %d.
>>>0x68		ubyte		x	\b%d
>>>0x6d		ubyte		x	\b, (1<<%d) sectors per cluster
>>>0x48		ulequad		x	\b, sectors %lld
>>>0x64		ulelong		x	\b, serial number %#x

# keep old DOS/MBR boot sector as dummy for mbr and bootloader displaying
# only for sector sizes with 512 or more Bytes
0x1FE          leshort         0xAA55         	DOS/MBR boot sector
#
# to display information (50) before DOS BPB (strength=70) and after DOS floppy (120) like in old file version
!:strength +65
>2		string		OSBS		OS/BS MBR
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2013 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/
# and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Boot_Record
# test for nearly all MS-DOS Master Boot Record initial program loader (IPL) is now done by
# characteristic assembler instructions: xor ax,ax;mov ss,ax;mov sp,7c00
>0	search/2	\x33\xc0\x8e\xd0\xbc\x00\x7c	MS-MBR
# Microsoft Windows 95A and early ( https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/STDMBR.htm )
# assembler instructions: mov si,sp;push ax;pop es;push ax;pop ds;sti;cld
>>8	ubequad		0x8bf45007501ffbfc
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/200MBR.htm
>>>0x16	ubyte		0xF3				\b,DOS 2
>>>>219	regex		Author\ -\ 			Author:
# found "David Litton" , "A Pehrsson  "
>>>>>&0	string		x				"%s"
>>>0x16	ubyte		0xF2
# NEC MS-DOS 3.30 Rev. 3 . See https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/DOS33MBR.htm
# assembler instructions: mov di,077c;cmp word ptrl[di],a55a;jnz
>>>>0x22	ubequad	0xbf7c07813d5aa575		\b,NEC 3.3
# version MS-DOS 3.30 til MS-Windows 95A (WinVer=4.00.1111)
>>>>0x22	default	x				\b,D0S version 3.3-7.0
# error messages are printed by assembler instructions: mov si,06nn;...;int 10 (0xBEnn06;...)
# where nn is string offset varying for different languages
# "Invalid partition table"				nn=0x8b for english version
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Invalid\ partition\ table		english
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Ung\201ltige\ Partitionstabelle		german
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Table\ de\ partition\ invalide		french
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Tabela\ de\ parti\207ao\ inv\240lida	portuguese
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Tabla\ de\ partici\242n\ no\ v\240lida	spanish
>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		Tavola\ delle\ partizioni\ non\ valida	italian
>>>>>0x49	ubyte		>0			at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x49.b)	string		>\0			"%s"
# "Error loading operating system"			nn=0xa3 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems"		nn=0xa7 for german version
# "Erreur en chargeant syst\212me d'exploitation"	nn=0xa7 for french version
# "Erro na inicializa\207ao do sistema operacional"	nn=0xa7 for portuguese Brazilian version
# "Error al cargar sistema operativo"			nn=0xa8 for spanish version
# "Errore durante il caricamento del sistema operativo"	nn=0xae for italian version
>>>>>0x74	ubyte		>0			at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x74.b)	string		>\0			"%s"
# "Missing operating system"				nn=0xc2 for english version
# "Betriebssystem fehlt"				nn=0xcd for german version
# "Syst\212me d'exploitation absent"			nn=0xd2 for french version
# "Sistema operacional nao encontrado"			nn=0xd4 for portuguese Brazilian version
# "Falta sistema operativo"				nn=0xca for spanish version
# "Sistema operativo mancante"				nn=0xe2 for italian version
>>>>>0x79	ubyte		>0			at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x79.b)	string		>\0			"%s"
# Microsoft Windows 95B to XP (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/95BMEMBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: push ax;pop es;push  ax;pop ds;cld;mov si,7c1b
>>8	ubequad		0x5007501ffcbe1b7c
# assembler instructions: rep;movsb;retf;mov si,07be;mov cl,04
>>>24		ubequad	0xf3a4cbbebe07b104		9M
# "Invalid partition table"				nn=0x10F for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle"				nn=0x10F for german version
# "Table de partition erron\202e"				nn=0x10F for french version
# "\216\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\240\357 \341\250\341\342\245\254\240 \255\245 \255\240\251\244\245\255\240"	nn=0x10F for russian version
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF)	string	Invalid\ partition\ table		english
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF)	string	Ung\201ltige\ Partitionstabelle		german
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF)	string	Table\ de\ partition\ erron\202e	french
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF)	string	\215\245\257\340\240\242\250\253\354\255\240\357\ \342\240\241\253\250\346\240	russian
>>>>0x3C		ubyte	x			at offset %#x+0xFF
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Error loading operating system"			nn=0x127 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems"		nn=0x12b for german version
# "Erreur lors du chargement du syst\212me d'exploitation"	nn=0x12a for french version
# "\216\350\250\241\252\240 \257\340\250 \247\240\243\340\343\247\252\245 \256\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\256\251 \341\250\341\342\245\254\353"	nn=0x12d for russian version
>>>>0xBD		ubyte	x			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0xBD.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Missing operating system"				nn=0x146 for english version
# "Betriebssystem fehlt"				nn=0x151 for german version
# "Syst\212me d'exploitation manquant"			nn=0x15e for french version
# "\216\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\240\357 \341\250\341\342\245\254\240 \255\245 \255\240\251\244\245\255\240"	nn=0x156 for russian version
>>>>0xA9		ubyte	x			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0xA9.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm
# assembler instructions: rep;movsb;retf;mov BP,07be;mov cl,04
>>>24		ubequad	0xf3a4cbbdbe07b104		XP
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	0x002c4463	english
>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	0x002c486e	german
# "Invalid partition table"				xx=0x12C for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle"				xx=0x12C for german version
>>>>0x1b5	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Error loading operating system"			yy=0x144 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems"		yy=0x148 for german version
>>>>0x1b6	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Missing operating system"				zz=0x163 for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden"			zz=0x16e for german version
>>>>0x1b7	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# Microsoft Windows Vista or 7
# assembler instructions: ..;mov ds,ax;mov si,7c00;mov di,..00
>>8	ubequad		0xc08ed8be007cbf00
# Microsoft Windows Vista (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/VistaMBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: jnz 0729;cmp ebx,"TCPA"
>>>0xEC		ubequad	0x753b6681fb544350		Vista
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	0x00627a99	english
#>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	?		german
# "Invalid partition table"				xx=0x162 for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle"				xx=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b5	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Error loading operating system"			yy=0x17a for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems"		yy= 0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b6	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Missing operating system"				zz=0x199 for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden"			zz=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b7	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# Microsoft Windows 7 (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/W7MBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: cmp ebx,"TCPA";cmp
>>>0xEC		ubequad	0x6681fb5443504175		Windows 7
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	0x00637b9a	english
#>>>>0x1B4	ubelong&0x00FFFFFF	?		german
# "Invalid partition table"				xx=0x163 for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle"				xx=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b5	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Error loading operating system"			yy=0x17b for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems"		yy=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b6	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# "Missing operating system"				zz=0x19a for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden"			zz=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b7	ubyte		>0			at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100)	string	>\0			"%s"
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm#DiskSigs
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBR_disk_signature#ID
>>0x1b8	ulelong		>0				\b, disk signature %#-.4x
# driveID/timestamp for Win 95B,98,98SE and ME. See https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/mystery.htm
>>0xDA	uleshort		0
>>>0xDC 	ulelong		>0			\b, created
# physical drive number (0x80-0xFF) when the Windows wrote that byte to the drive
>>>>0xDC	ubyte		x			with driveID %#x
# hours, minutes and seconds
>>>>0xDf	ubyte		x			at %x
>>>>0xDe	ubyte		x			\b:%x
>>>>0xDd	ubyte		x			\b:%x
# special case for Microsoft MS-DOS 3.21 spanish
# assembler instructions: cli;mov $0x30,%ax;mov %ax,%ss;mov
>0	ubequad		0xfab830008ed0bc00
# assembler instructions: $0x1f00,%sp;mov $0x80cb,%di;add %cl,(%bx,%si);in (%dx),%ax;mov
>>8	ubequad		0x1fbfcb800008ed8		MS-MBR,D0S version 3.21 spanish
# Microsoft MBR IPL end

# dr-dos with some upper-, lowercase variants
>0x9D	string	Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>181	string	No\ Operating\ System$
>>>201	string	Operating\ System\ load\ error$	\b, DR-DOS MBR, Version 7.01 to 7.03
>0x9D	string	Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>181	string	No\ operating\ system$
>>>201	string	Operating\ system\ load\ error$	\b, DR-DOS MBR, Version 7.01 to 7.03
>342	string	Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>366	string	No\ operating\ system$
>>>386	string	Operating\ system\ load\ error$	\b, DR-DOS MBR, version 7.01 to 7.03
>295	string	NEWLDR\0
>>302	string	Bad\ PT\ $
>>>310	string	No\ OS\ $
>>>>317	string	OS\ load\ err$
>>>>>329	string	Moved\ or\ missing\ IBMBIO.LDR\n\r
>>>>>>358	string	Press\ any\ key\ to\ continue.\n\r$
>>>>>>>387	string	Copyright\ (c)\ 1984,1998
>>>>>>>>411	string	Caldera\ Inc.\0		\b, DR-DOS MBR (IBMBIO.LDR)
#
# tests for different MS-DOS Master Boot Records (MBR) moved and merged
#
#>0x145	string	Default:\ F				\b, FREE-DOS MBR
#>0x14B	string	Default:\ F				\b, FREE-DOS 1.0 MBR
>0x145	search/7	Default:\ F			\b, FREE-DOS MBR
#>>313		string	F0\ .\ .\ .
#>>>322		string	disk\ 1
#>>>>382	string	FAT3
>64	string	no\ active\ partition\ found
>>96	string	read\ error\ while\ reading\ drive	\b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9 MBR
# Ranish Partition Manager http://www.ranish.com/part/
>387	search/4	\0\ Error!\r
>>378	search/7	Virus!
>>>397	search/4	Booting\040
>>>>408	search/4	HD1/\0	 			\b, Ranish MBR (
>>>>>416	string	Writing\ changes...		\b2.37
>>>>>>438	ubyte		x			\b,%#x dots
>>>>>>440	ubyte		>0			\b,virus check
>>>>>>441	ubyte		>0			\b,partition %c
#2.38,2.42,2.44
>>>>>416	string	!Writing\ changes...		\b
>>>>>>418	ubyte	1				\bvirus check,
>>>>>>419	ubyte	x				\b%#x seconds
>>>>>>420	ubyte&0x0F	>0			\b,partition
>>>>>>>420	ubyte&0x0F	<5			\b %x
>>>>>>>420	ubyte&0x0F	0Xf			\b ask
>>>>>420	ubyte		x			\b)
#
# SYSLINUX MBR moved
# https://www.acronis.de/
>362	string	MBR\ Error\ \0\r
>>376	string	ress\ any\ key\ to\040
>>>392	string	boot\ from\ floppy...\0			\b, Acronis MBR
# added by Joerg Jenderek
# https://www.visopsys.org/
# https://partitionlogic.org.uk/
>309	string	No\ bootable\ partition\ found\r
>>339	string	I/O\ Error\ reading\ boot\ sector\r	\b, Visopsys MBR
>349	string	No\ bootable\ partition\ found\r
>>379	string	I/O\ Error\ reading\ boot\ sector\r	\b, simple Visopsys MBR
# bootloader, bootmanager
>0x40	string	SBML
# label with 11 characters of FAT 12 bit filesystem
>>43	string	SMART\ BTMGR
>>>430	string	SBMK\ Bad!\r			\b, Smart Boot Manager
# OEM-ID not always "SBM"
#>>>>3	strings	SBM
>>>>6	string	>\0                             \b, version %s
>382	string	XOSLLOADXCF			\b, eXtended Operating System Loader
>6	string	LILO				\b, LInux i386 boot LOader
>>120	string	LILO				\b, version 22.3.4 SuSe
>>172	string	LILO				\b, version 22.5.8 Debian
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Oct 2008
# variables according to grub-0.97/stage1/stage1.S or
# https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Embedded-data
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange GRUB loaders
>342		search/60	\0Geom\0
#>0		ulelong		x		%x=0x009048EB ,	0x2a9048EB  0
>>0x41		ubyte		<2
>>>0x3E		ubyte		>2		\b; GRand Unified Bootloader
# 0x3 for 0.5.95,0.93,0.94,0.96 0x4 for 1.90
>>>>0x3E	ubyte		x		\b, stage1 version %#x
#If it is 0xFF, use a drive passed by BIOS
>>>>0x40	ubyte		<0xFF		\b, boot drive %#x
# in most case 0,1,0x2e for GRUB 0.5.95
>>>>0x41	ubyte		>0		\b, LBA flag %#x
>>>>0x42	uleshort	<0x8000		\b, stage2 address %#x
#>>>>0x42	uleshort	=0x8000		\b, stage2 address %#x (usual)
>>>>0x42	uleshort	>0x8000		\b, stage2 address %#x
#>>>>0x44	ulelong		=1		\b, 1st sector stage2 %#x (default)
>>>>0x44	ulelong		>1		\b, 1st sector stage2 %#x
>>>>0x48	uleshort	<0x800		\b, stage2 segment %#x
#>>>>0x48	uleshort	=0x800		\b, stage2 segment %#x (usual)
>>>>0x48	uleshort	>0x800		\b, stage2 segment %#x
>>>>402		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>394	string	stage1			\b, GRUB version 0.5.95
>>>>382		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>376	string	GRUB\ \0		\b, GRUB version 0.93 or 1.94
>>>>383		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>377	string	GRUB\ \0		\b, GRUB version 0.94
>>>>385		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>379	string	GRUB\ \0		\b, GRUB version 0.95 or 0.96
>>>>391		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>385	string	GRUB\ \0		\b, GRUB version 0.97
# unknown version
>>>343		string	Geom\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>321		string	Loading\ stage1.5	\b, GRUB version x.y
>>>380		string	Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>374		string	GRUB\ \0		\b, GRUB version n.m
# SYSLINUX bootloader moved
>395	string	chksum\0\ ERROR!\0		\b, Gujin bootloader
# http://www.bcdwb.de/bcdw/index_e.htm
>3	string	BCDL
>>498	string	BCDL\ \ \ \ BIN			\b, Bootable CD Loader (1.50Z)
# mbr partition table entries updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2013
# skip Norton Utilities disc image data
>3		string		!IHISK
# skip Linux style boot sector starting with assembler instructions mov 0x7c0,ax;
>>0		belong		!0xb8c0078e
# not Linux kernel
>>>514		string		!HdrS
# not BeOS
>>>>422		string		!Be\ Boot\ Loader
# jump over BPB instruction implies DOS bootsector or AdvanceMAME mbr
>>>>>0		ubelong&0xFD000000	=0xE9000000
# AdvanceMAME mbr
>>>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad		0xfa31c08ed88ec08e
>>>>>>>446	use		partition-table
# mbr, Norton Utilities disc image data, or 2nd,etc. sector of x86 bootloader
>>>>>0		ubelong&0xFD000000	!0xE9000000
# skip FSInfosector
>>>>>>0		string		!RRaA
# skip 3rd sector of MS x86 bootloader with assembler instructions cli;MOVZX EAX,BYTE PTR [BP+10];MOV ECX,
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm
>>>>>>>0	ubequad		!0xfa660fb64610668b
# skip 13rd sector of MS x86 bootloader
>>>>>>>>0	ubequad		!0x660fb64610668b4e
# skip sector starting with DOS new line
>>>>>>>>>0	string		!\r\n
# allowed active flag 0,80h-FFh
>>>>>>>>>>446	ubyte		0
>>>>>>>>>>>446	use		partition-table
>>>>>>>>>>446	ubyte		>0x7F
>>>>>>>>>>>446	use		partition-table
# TODO: test for extended bootrecord (ebr) moved and merged with mbr partition table entries
# mbr partition table entries end
# https://www.acronis.de/
#FAT label=ACRONIS\ SZ
#OEM-ID=BOOTWIZ0
>442	string	Non-system\ disk,\040
>>459	string	press\ any\ key...\x7\0		\b, Acronis Startup Recovery Loader
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012, Sep 2013
# DOS names like F11.SYS or BOOTWIZ.SYS are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
# display 1 space
>>>447	ubyte	x		\b
>>>477	use	DOS-filename
#
>185	string	FDBOOT\ Version\040
>>204	string	\rNo\ Systemdisk.\040
>>>220	string	Booting\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>>245	string	Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>>>273 string	Insert\ Systemdisk\040
>>>>>291 string and\ press\ any\ key.\n\r		\b, FDBOOT harddisk Bootloader
>>>>>>200 string	>\0                             \b, version %-3s
>242	string	Bootsector\ from\ C.H.\ Hochst\204
# http://freecode.com/projects/dosfstools	dosfstools-n.m/src/mkdosfs.c
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012. Use search directive with offset instead of string
# skip name "C.H. Hochstaetter" partly because it is sometimes written without umlaut
>242	search/127	Bootsector\ from\ C.H.\ Hochst
>>278	search/127	No\ Systemdisk.\ Booting\ from\ harddisk
# followed by variants with point,CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>208	search/261	Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.
# followed by variants CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>>236	search/235	Insert\ Systemdisk\ and\ press\ any\ key.
# followed by variants with point,CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>>>180	search/96	Disk\ formatted\ with\ WinImage\ 	\b, WinImage harddisk Bootloader
# followed by string like "6.50 (c) 1993-2004 Gilles Vollant"
>>>>>>&0	string		x 					\b, version %-4.4s
>(1.b+2)	ubyte		0xe
>>(1.b+3)	ubyte		0x1f
>>>(1.b+4)	ubyte		0xbe
# message offset found at (1.b+5) is 0x77 for FAT32 or 0x5b for others
>>>>(1.b+5)	ubyte&0xd3	0x53
>>>>>(1.b+6)	ubyte		0x7c
# assembler instructions: lodsb;and al,al;jz 0xb;push si;mov ah,
>>>>>>(1.b+7)	ubyte		0xac
>>>>>>>(1.b+8)	ubyte		0x22
>>>>>>>>(1.b+9)	ubyte		0xc0
>>>>>>>>>(1.b+10)	ubyte	0x74
>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+11)	ubyte	0x0b
>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+12)	ubyte	0x56
>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+13)	ubyte	0xb4			\b, mkdosfs boot message display
# FAT1X version
>>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+5)	ubyte	0x5b
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x5b	string	>\0			"%-s"
# FAT32 version
>>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+5)	ubyte	0x77
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x77	string	>\0			"%-s"
>214	string	Please\ try\ to\ install\ FreeDOS\ 	\b, DOS Emulator boot message display
#>>244	string	from\ dosemu-freedos-*-bin.tgz\r
#>>>170	string	Sorry,\ could\ not\ load\ an\040
#>>>>195	string	operating\ system.\r\n
#
>103	string	This\ is\ not\ a\ bootable\ disk.\040
>>132	string	Please\ insert\ a\ bootable\040
>>>157	string	floppy\ and\r\n
>>>>169	string	press\ any\ key\ to\ try\ again...\r	\b, FREE-DOS message display
#
>66	string	Solaris\ Boot\ Sector
>>99	string	Incomplete\ MDBoot\ load.
>>>89	string	Version 				\b, Sun Solaris Bootloader
>>>>97	byte	x					version %c
#
>408	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS01475\r\0
>>429	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS02025\r\0
>>>450	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS02027\r\0
>>>469	string	OS2BOOT\ \ \ \ 				\b, IBM OS/2 Warp bootloader
#
>409	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS01475\r\0
>>430	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS02025\r\0
>>>451	string	OS/2\ !!\ SYS02027\r\0
>>>470	string	OS2BOOT\ \ \ \ 				\b, IBM OS/2 Warp Bootloader
>112		string	This\ disk\ is\ not\ bootable\r
>>142		string	If\ you\ wish\ to\ make\ it\ bootable
>>>176		string	run\ the\ DOS\ program\ SYS\040
>>>200		string	after\ the\r
>>>>216		string	system\ has\ been\ loaded\r\n
>>>>>242	string	Please\ insert\ a\ DOS\ diskette\040
>>>>>271	string	into\r\n\ the\ drive\ and\040
>>>>>>292	string	strike\ any\ key...\0		\b, IBM OS/2 Warp message display
# XP
>430	string	NTLDR\ is\ missing\xFF\r\n
>>449	string	Disk\ error\xFF\r\n
>>>462	string	Press\ any\ key\ to\ restart\r		\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader
# DOS names like NTLDR,CMLDR,$LDR$ are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>417		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>417	string		x			%-.5s
>>>>>>422	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>422	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>425	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>425	string		>\ 			\b.%-.3s
#
>>>>371		ubyte		>0x20
>>>>>368	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>368	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>373	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>373	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>376	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>376	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>430	string	NTLDR\ nicht\ gefunden\xFF\r\n
>>453	string	Datentr\204gerfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>473	string	Neustart\ mit\ beliebiger\ Taste\r	\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (german)
>>>>417		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>417	string		x			%-.5s
>>>>>>422	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>422	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>425	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>425	string		>\ 			\b.%-.3s
# offset variant
>>>>379	string	\0
>>>>>368	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>368	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>373	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>373	string		x 			\b%-.3s
#
>430	string	NTLDR\ fehlt\xFF\r\n
>>444	string	Datentr\204gerfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>464	string	Neustart\ mit\ beliebiger\ Taste\r	\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (2.german)
>>>>417		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>417	string		x			%-.5s
>>>>>>422	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>422	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>425	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>425	string		>\ 			\b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>371		ubyte		>0x20
>>>>>368	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>368	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>373	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>373	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>376	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>376	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>430	string	NTLDR\ fehlt\xFF\r\n
>>444	string	Medienfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>459	string	Neustart:\ Taste\ dr\201cken\r		\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (3.german)
>>>>371		ubyte		>0x20
>>>>>368	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>368	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>373	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>373	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>376	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>376	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>417		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>417	string		x			%-.5s
>>>>>>422	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>422	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>425	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>425	string		>\ 			\b.%-.3s
#
>430	string	Datentr\204ger\ entfernen\xFF\r\n
>>454	string	Medienfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>469	string	Neustart:\ Taste\ dr\201cken\r		\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (4.german)
>>>>379		string		\0
>>>>>368	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>368	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>373	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>373	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>376	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>376	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>417		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>417	string		x			%-.5s
>>>>>>422	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>422	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>425	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>425	string		>\ 			\b.%-.3s
#

#>3	string	NTFS\ \ \ \040
>389	string	Fehler\ beim\ Lesen\040
>>407	string	des\ Datentr\204gers
>>>426	string	NTLDR\ fehlt
>>>>440	string	NTLDR\ ist\ komprimiert
>>>>>464 string	Neustart\ mit\ Strg+Alt+Entf\r		\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader NTFS (german)
#>3	string	NTFS\ \ \ \040
>313	string	A\ disk\ read\ error\ occurred.\r
>>345	string	A\ kernel\ file\ is\ missing\040
>>>370	string	from\ the\ disk.\r
>>>>484	string	NTLDR\ is\ compressed
>>>>>429 string	Insert\ a\ system\ diskette\040
>>>>>>454 string and\ restart\r\nthe\ system.\r		\b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader NTFS
# DOS loader variants different languages,offsets
>472	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>389	string	Invalid\ system\ disk\xFF\r\n
>>>411	string	Disk\ I/O\ error
>>>>428	string	Replace\ the\ disk,\ and\040
>>>>>455 string	press\ any\ key				\b, Microsoft Windows 98 Bootloader
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>472	string		x 			\b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>474	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>>479	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>479 string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>480	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>480	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>>483	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>488	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>491	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>>390	string	Invalid\ system\ disk\xFF\r\n
>>>412	string	Disk\ I/O\ error\xFF\r\n
>>>>429	string	Replace\ the\ disk,\ and\040
>>>>>451 string	then\ press\ any\ key\r			\b, Microsoft Windows 98 Bootloader
>>388	string	Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>410	string	E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>427	string	Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>453 string	Taste\ druecken\r			\b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (german)
#WINBOOT.SYS only not spaces (0xDF)
>>>>>>497	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>497	string		x 			%-.5s
>>>>>>>>502	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>502	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>504 string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>505	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472	ubyte&0xDF	>0			or
>>>>>>>472	string		x 			\b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>474	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>>479	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>479 string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>480	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>480	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>>483	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>488	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>491	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>>390	string	Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>412	string	E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>429	string	Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>455 string	Taste\ druecken\r			\b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (German)
#WINBOOT.SYS only not spaces (0xDF)
>>>>>>497	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>497	string		x 			%-.7s
>>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>505	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472	ubyte&0xDF	>0			or
>>>>>>>472	string		x 			\b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>474	string		x 			\b%-.6s
>>>>>>>480	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>480	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>>483	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>488	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>491	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>>389	string	Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>411	string	E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>428	string	Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>454 string	Taste\ druecken\r			\b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (GERMAN)
# DOS names like IO.SYS,WINBOOT.SYS,MSDOS.SYS,WINBOOT.INI are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>>>472	string		x 			%-.2s
>>>>>>>474	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>474	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>479	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>479	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>480	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>480	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>>>>>>483	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>483	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>488	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>488	string		x 			\b%-.2s
>>>>>>>>490	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>490	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>491	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>491	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>479	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>416	string	Kein\ System\ oder\040
>>>433	string	Laufwerksfehler
>>>>450	string	Wechseln\ und\ Taste\ dr\201cken	\b, Microsoft DOS Bootloader (german)
#IO.SYS
>>>>>479	string		x 			\b %-.2s
>>>>>>481	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>481	string		x 			\b%-.6s
>>>>>487	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>487	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>490	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>490	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>495	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>495	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>>>>>>>498	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>498	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>376	search/41	Non-System\ disk\ or\040
>>395	search/41	disk\ error\r
>>>407	search/41	Replace\ and\040
>>>>419	search/41	press\ 				\b,
>>>>419	search/41	strike\ 			\b, old
>>>>426	search/41	any\ key\ when\ ready\r		MS or PC-DOS bootloader
#449			Disk\ Boot\ failure\r		MS 3.21
#466			Boot\ Failure\r			MS 3.30
>>>>>468 search/18	\0
#IO.SYS,IBMBIO.COM
>>>>>>&0	string		x 			\b %-.2s
>>>>>>>&-20	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.4s
>>>>>>>>>&-16	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.2s
>>>>>>&8	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b.
>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS,IBMDOS.COM
>>>>>>&11	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b+
>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>&-6	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>&-5	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.2s
>>>>>>>&7	ubyte&0xDF	>0			\b.
>>>>>>>>&-1	string		x 			\b%-.3s
>441	string	Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>469	string	Insert\ Systemdisk\040
>>>487	string	and\ press\ any\ key.\n\r		\b, MS (2.11) DOS bootloader
#>43	string	\224R-LOADER\ \ SYS			=label
>54	string	SYS
>>324	string	VASKK
>>>495	string	NEWLDR\0				\b, DR-DOS Bootloader (LOADER.SYS)
#
>98	string	Press\ a\ key\ to\ retry\0\r
>>120	string	Cannot\ find\ file\ \0\r
>>>139	string	Disk\ read\ error\0\r
>>>>156	string	Loading\ ...\0				\b, DR-DOS (3.41) Bootloader
#DRBIOS.SYS
>>>>>44		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>44	string		x			\b %-.6s
>>>>>>>50	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>50	string		x 			\b%-.2s
>>>>>>52	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>52	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>70	string	IBMBIO\ \ COM
>>472	string	Cannot\ load\ DOS!\040
>>>489	string	Any\ key\ to\ retry			\b, DR-DOS Bootloader
>>471	string	Cannot\ load\ DOS\040
>>487	string	press\ key\ to\ retry			\b, Open-DOS Bootloader
#??
>444	string	KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>314	string	BOOT\ error!				\b, FREE-DOS Bootloader
>499	string	KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>305	string	BOOT\ err!\0				\b, Free-DOS Bootloader
>449	string	KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>319	string	BOOT\ error!				\b, FREE-DOS 0.5 Bootloader
#
>449	string	Loading\ FreeDOS
>>0x1AF		ulelong		>0			\b, FREE-DOS 0.95,1.0 Bootloader
>>>497		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>497		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>505		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
#
>331	string	Error!.0				\b, FREE-DOS 1.0 bootloader
#
>125	string	Loading\ FreeDOS...\r
>>311	string	BOOT\ error!\r				\b, FREE-DOS bootloader
>>>441		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>441		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>447	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>447	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>448	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>448	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>449		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>449	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>124	string	FreeDOS\0
>>331	string	\ err\0					\b, FREE-DOS BETa 0.9 Bootloader
# DOS names like KERNEL.SYS,KERNEL16.SYS,KERNEL32.SYS,METAKERN.SYS are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>497		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>497		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>505		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>>333	string	\ err\0					\b, FREE-DOS BEta 0.9 Bootloader
>>>497		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>497		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>505		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>>334	string	\ err\0					\b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9 Bootloader
>>>497		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>497		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>505		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
>336	string	Error!\040
>>343	string	Hit\ a\ key\ to\ reboot.		\b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9sr1 Bootloader
>>>497		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>497		string		x 			\b %-.6s
>>>>>503	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>503	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>504	string		x 			\b%-.1s
>>>>505		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>505	string		x 			\b.%-.3s
# added by Joerg Jenderek
# https://www.visopsys.org/
# https://partitionlogic.org.uk/
# OEM-ID=Visopsys
>478		ulelong	0
>>(1.b+326)	string	I/O\ Error\ reading\040
>>>(1.b+344)	string	Visopsys\ loader\r
>>>>(1.b+361)	string	Press\ any\ key\ to\ continue.\r	\b, Visopsys loader
# http://alexfru.chat.ru/epm.html#bootprog
>494	ubyte	>0x4D
>>495	string	>E
>>>495	string	<S
#OEM-ID is not reliable
>>>>3	string	BootProg
# It just looks for a program file name at the root directory
# and loads corresponding file with following execution.
# DOS names like STARTUP.BIN,STARTUPC.COM,STARTUPE.EXE are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>499			ubyte&0xDF	>0		\b, COM/EXE Bootloader
>>>>>499		use		DOS-filename
#If the boot sector fails to read any other sector,
#it prints a very short message ("RE") to the screen and hangs the computer.
#If the boot sector fails to find needed program in the root directory,
#it also hangs with another message ("NF").
>>>>>492		string		RENF		\b, FAT (12 bit)
>>>>>495		string		RENF		\b, FAT (16 bit)
#If the boot sector fails to read any other sector,
#it prints a very short message ("RE") to the screen and hangs the computer.
# x86 bootloader end

# added by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2013 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm#FSINFO
# and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#FS_Information_Sector
>0		string		RRaA
>>0x1E4		string		rrAa		\b, FSInfosector
#>>0x1FC	uleshort	=0		SHOULD BE ZERO
>>>0x1E8	ulelong		<0xffffffff	\b, %u free clusters
>>>0x1EC	ulelong		<0xffffffff	\b, last allocated cluster %u

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2007
>3	ubyte	0
#no active flag
>>446	ubyte	0
# partition 1 not empty
>>>450	ubyte	>0
# partitions 3,4 empty
>>>>482		ubyte	0
>>>>>498	ubyte	0
# partition 2 ID=0,5,15
>>>>>>466	ubyte	<0x10
>>>>>>>466	ubyte	0x05			\b, extended partition table
>>>>>>>466	ubyte	0x0F			\b, extended partition table (LBA)
>>>>>>>466	ubyte	0x0			\b, extended partition table (last)

# DOS x86 sector separated and moved from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at May 2011

>0x200	lelong	0x82564557		\b, BSD disklabel

# by Joerg Jenderek at Apr 2013
#	Print the DOS filenames from directory entry form with 8 right space padded bytes + 3 bytes for extension
#	like IO.SYS. MSDOS.SYS , KERNEL.SYS , DRBIO.SYS
0	name			DOS-filename
# space=0x20 (00100000b) means empty
>0			ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>0			ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>1			ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>1			ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>2			ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>2			ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>>3		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>3		ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>>>>4		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>4		ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>5		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>>5		ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>6		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6		ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7	ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7	ubyte		x 		\b%c
# DOS filename extension
>>8			ubyte&0xDF	>0		\b.
>>>8			ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>9			ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>9			ubyte		x 		\b%c
>>>>>>10		ubyte&0xDF	>0
>>>>>>>10		ubyte		x 		\b%c
#	Print 2 following DOS filenames from directory entry form
#	like IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS or ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
0	name			2xDOS-filename
# display 1 space
>0			ubyte		x		\b
>0			use		DOS-filename
>11			ubyte		x		\b+
>11			use		DOS-filename

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record#PTE
# display standard partition table
0	name				partition-table
#>0		ubyte		x	PARTITION-TABLE
# test and display 1st til 4th partition table entry
>0		use			partition-entry-test
>16		use			partition-entry-test
>32		use			partition-entry-test
>48		use			partition-entry-test
#		test for entry of partition table
0	name				partition-entry-test
# partition type ID > 0
>4		ubyte		>0
# active flag 0
>>0		ubyte		0
>>>0		use		partition-entry
# active flag 0x80, 0x81, ...
>>0		ubyte		>0x7F
>>>0		use		partition-entry
#		Print entry of partition table
0	name				partition-entry
# partition type ID > 0
>4		ubyte		>0	\b; partition
>>64		leshort		0xAA55	1
>>48		leshort		0xAA55	2
>>32		leshort		0xAA55	3
>>16		leshort		0xAA55	4
>>4		ubyte		x	: ID=%#x
>>0		ubyte&0x80	0x80	\b, active
>>0		ubyte		>0x80	%#x
>>1		ubyte		x	\b, start-CHS (
>>1		use		partition-chs
>>5		ubyte		x	\b), end-CHS (
>>5		use		partition-chs
>>8		ulelong		x	\b), startsector %u
>>12		ulelong		x	\b, %u sectors
#		Print cylinder,head,sector (CHS) of partition entry
0	name				partition-chs
# cylinder
>1		ubyte		x	\b0x
>1		ubyte&0xC0	0x40	\b1
>1		ubyte&0xC0	0x80	\b2
>1		ubyte&0xC0	0xC0	\b3
>2		ubyte		x	\b%x
# head
>0		ubyte		x	\b,%u
# sector
>1		ubyte&0x3F	x	\b,%u

# FATX
0		string		FATX		FATX filesystem data

# romfs filesystems - Juan Cespedes <cespedes@debian.org>
0	string		-rom1fs-	romfs filesystem, version 1
>8	belong	x			%d bytes,
>16	string	x			named %s.

# netboot image - Juan Cespedes <cespedes@debian.org>
0	lelong		0x1b031336L	Netboot image,
>4	lelong&0xFFFFFF00	0
>>4	lelong&0x100	0x000		mode 2
>>4	lelong&0x100	0x100		mode 3
>4	lelong&0xFFFFFF00	!0	unknown mode

0x18b	string	OS/2	OS/2 Boot Manager

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Oct 2008 and Sep 2012
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/iso.php
# tested with versions 1.47,1.48,1.49,1.50,1.62,1.76,2.00,2.10;3.00,3.11,3.31,;3.70,3.71,3.73,3.75,3.80,3.82,3.84,3.86,4.01,4.03 and 4.05
# assembler instructions: cli;jmp 0:7Cyy (yy=0x40,0x5e,0x6c,0x6e,0x77);nop;nop
0	ulequad&0x909000007cc0eafa	0x909000007c40eafa
>631	search/689	ISOLINUX\ 	isolinux Loader
>>&0	string		x		(version %-4.4s)
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php
# assembler instructions: jmp 7C05
0	ulelong	0x007c05ea		pxelinux loader (version 2.13 or older)
# assembler instructions: pushfd;pushad
0	ulelong	0x60669c66		pxelinux loader
# assembler instructions: jmp 05
0	ulelong	0xc00005ea		pxelinux loader (version 3.70 or newer)
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX
0	string	LDLINUX\ SYS\ 		SYSLINUX loader
>12	string	x			(older version %-4.4s)
0	string	\r\nSYSLINUX\ 		SYSLINUX loader
>11	string	x			(version %-4.4s)
# syslinux updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2012
# assembler instructions: jmp yy (yy=0x3c,0x58);nop;"SYSLINUX"
0	ulelong&0x80909bEB	0x009018EB
# OEM-ID not always "SYSLINUX"
>434	search/47	Boot\ failed
# followed by \r\n\0 or :\
>>482	search/132	\0LDLINUX\ SYS		Syslinux bootloader (version 2.13 or older)
>>1	ubyte		0x58			Syslinux bootloader (version 3.0-3.9)
>459	search/30	Boot\ error\r\n\0
>>1	ubyte		0x58			Syslinux bootloader (version 3.10 or newer)
# SYSLINUX MBR updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2012
# assembler instructions: mov di,0600h;mov cx,0100h
16	search/4	\xbf\x00\x06\xb9\x00\x01
# to display SYSLINUX MBR (36) before old DOS/MBR boot sector one with partition table (strength=50+21)
!:strength +36
>94	search/249	Missing\ operating\ system
# followed by \r for versions older 3.35 , .\r for versions newer 3.52 and point for other
# skip Ranish MBR
>>408	search/4	HD1/\0
>>408	default		x
>>>250	search/118	\0Operating\ system\ load		SYSLINUX MBR
# followed by "ing " or space
>>>>292	search/98	error
>>>>>&0	string		\r		    			(version 3.35 or older)
>>>>>&0	string		.\r					(version 3.52 or newer)
>>>>>&0	default		x					(version 3.36-3.51 )
>368	search/106	\0Disk\ error\ on\ boot\r\n		SYSLINUX GPT-MBR
>>156	search/10	\0Boot\ partition\ not\ found\r\n
>>>270	search/10	\0OS\ not\ bootable\r\n			(version 3.86 or older)
>>174	search/10	\0Missing\ OS\r\n
>>>189	search/10	\0Multiple\ active\ partitions\r\n	(version 4.00 or newer)
# SYSLINUX END

# NetBSD mbr variants (master-boot-code version 1.22) added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# assembler instructions: xor ax,ax;mov	ax,ss;mov sp,0x7c00;mov	ax,
0	ubequad		0x31c08ed0bc007c8e
# mbr_bootsel magic before partition table not reliable with small ipl fragments
#>444	uleshort	0xb5e1
>0004	uleshort	x
# ERRorTeXT
>>181	search/166		Error\ \0\r\n				NetBSD mbr
# NT Drive Serial Number https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm#DS
>>>0x1B8	ubelong		>0					\b,Serial %#-.8x
# BOOTSEL definitions contains assembler instructions: int 0x13;pop dx;push dx;push dx
>>>0xbb		search/71	\xcd\x13\x5a\x52\x52			\b,bootselector
# BOOT_EXTENDED definitions contains assembler instructions:
# xchg ecx,edx;addl ecx,edx;movw lba_info,si;movb 0x42,ah;pop dx;push dx;int 0x13
>>>0x96	search/1	\x66\x87\xca\x66\x01\xca\x66\x89\x16\x3a\x07\xbe\x32\x07\xb4\x42\x5a\x52\xcd\x13	\b,boot extended
# COM_PORT_VAL definitions contains assembler instructions: outb al,dx;add 5,dl;inb %dx;test 0x40,al
>>>0x130	search/55	\xee\x80\xc2\x05\xec\xa8\x40		\b,serial IO
# not TERSE_ERROR
>>>196		search/106	No\ active\ partition\0
>>>>&0		string		Disk\ read\ error\0
>>>>>&0		string		No\ operating\ system\0			\b,verbose
# not NO_CHS definitions contains assembler instructions: pop dx;push dx;movb $8,ah;int0x13
>>>0x7d		search/7	\x5a\x52\xb4\x08\xcd\x13		\b,CHS
# not NO_LBA_CHECK definitions contains assembler instructions: movw 0x55aa,bx;movb 0x41,ah;pop	dx;push	dx;int 0x13
>>>0xa4		search/84	\xbb\xaa\x55\xb4\x41\x5a\x52\xcd\x13	\b,LBA-check
# assembler instructions: movw nametab,bx
>>>0x26	    search/21	\xBB\x94\x07
# not NO_BANNER definitions contains assembler instructions: mov banner,si;call message_crlf
>>>>&-9	ubequad&0xBE00f0E800febb94	0xBE0000E80000bb94
>>>>>181	search/166		Error\ \0
# "a: disk" , "Fn: diskn" or "NetBSD MBR boot"
>>>>>>&3	string			x				\b,"%s"
>>>446	use		partition-table
# Andrea Mazzoleni AdvanceCD mbr loader of http://advancemame.sourceforge.net/boot-readme.html
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012 for versions 1.3 - 1.4
# assembler instructions: jmp short 0x58;nop;ASCII
0	ubequad&0xeb58908000000000	0xeb58900000000000
# assembler instructions: cli;xor ax,ax;mov ds,ax;mov es,ax;mov ss,
>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0xfa31c08ed88ec08e
# Error messages at end of code
>>376		string	No\ operating\ system\r\n\0
>>>398		string	Disk\ error\r\n\0FDD\0HDD\0
>>>>419		string	\ EBIOS\r\n\0				AdvanceMAME mbr

# Neil Turton mbr loader variant of https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/mbr/
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Mar 2011 for versions 1.0.0 - 1.1.11
# for 1st version assembler instructions:	cld;xor ax,ax;mov DS,ax;MOV ES,AX;mov SI,
# or  	  	  	    			cld;xor ax,ax;mov SS,ax;XOR SP,SP;mov DS,
0	ulequad&0xcE1b40D48EC031FC	0x8E0000D08EC031FC
# pointer to the data starting with Neil Turton signature string
>(0x1BC.s)		string		NDTmbr
>>&-14			string		1234F\0			Turton mbr (
# parameters also viewed by install-mbr --list
>>>(0x1BC.s+7)		ubyte		x			\b%u<=
>>>(0x1BC.s+9)		ubyte		x			\bVersion<=%u
#>>>(0x1BC.s+8)		ubyte		x			asm_flag_%x
>>>(0x1BC.s+8)		ubyte&1		1			\b,Y2K-Fix
# variant used by testdisk of https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/Menu_MBRCode
>>>(0x1BC.s+8)		ubyte&2		2			\b,TestDisk
#0x1~1,..,0x8~4,0x10~F,0x80~A enabled
#>>>(0x1BC.s+10)		ubyte		x			\b,flags %#x
#0x0~1,0x1~2,...,0x3~4,0x4~F,0x7~D default boot
#>>>(0x1BC.s+11)		ubyte		x			\b,cfg_def %#x
# for older versions
>>>(0x1BC.s+9)		ubyte		<2
#>>>>(0x1BC.s+12)	ubyte		18			\b,%hhu/18 seconds
>>>>(0x1BC.s+12)	ubyte		!18			\b,%u/18 seconds
# floppy A: or B:
>>>>(0x1BC.s+13)	ubyte		<2			\b,floppy %#x
>>>>(0x1BC.s+13)	ubyte		>1
# 1st hard disc
#>>>>>(0x1BC.s+13)	ubyte		0x80			\b,drive %#x
# not 1st hard disc
>>>>>(0x1BC.s+13)	ubyte		!0x80			\b,drive %#x
# for version >= 2 maximal timeout can be 65534
>>>(0x1BC.s+9)		ubyte		>1
#>>>>(0x1BC.s+12)	uleshort	18			\b,%u/18 seconds
>>>>(0x1BC.s+12)	uleshort	!18			\b,%u/18 seconds
# floppy A: or B:
>>>>(0x1BC.s+14)	ubyte		<2			\b,floppy %#x
>>>>(0x1BC.s+14)	ubyte		>1
# 1st hard disc
#>>>>>(0x1BC.s+14)	ubyte		0x80			\b,drive %#x
# not 1st hard disc
>>>>>(0x1BC.s+14)	ubyte		!0x80			\b,drive %#x
>>>0	ubyte		x					\b)

# added by Joerg Jenderek
# In the second sector (+0x200) are variables according to grub-0.97/stage2/asm.S or
# grub-1.94/kern/i386/pc/startup.S
# https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Embedded-data
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange GRUB loaders
0x200	uleshort		0x70EA
# found only version 3.{1,2}
>0x206		ubeshort	>0x0300
# GRUB version (0.5.)95,0.93,0.94,0.96,0.97 > "00"
>>0x212 	ubyte		>0x29
>>>0x213 	ubyte		>0x29
# not iso9660_stage1_5
#>>>0	ulelong&0x00BE5652	0x00BE5652
>>>>0x213 	ubyte		>0x29		GRand Unified Bootloader
# config_file for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + default "/boot/grub/stage2"
>>>>0x217 	ubyte		0xFF		stage1_5
>>>>0x217 	ubyte		<0xFF		stage2
>>>>0x206	ubyte		x		\b version %u
>>>>0x207	ubyte		x		\b.%u
# module_size for 1.94
>>>>0x208	ulelong		<0xffffff	\b, installed partition %u
#>>>>0x208	ulelong		=0xffffff	\b, %lu (default)
>>>>0x208	ulelong		>0xffffff	\b, installed partition %u
# GRUB 0.5.95 unofficial
>>>>0x20C	ulelong&0x2E300000 0x2E300000
# 0=stage2	1=ffs	2=e2fs	3=fat	4=minix	5=reiserfs
>>>>>0x20C	ubyte		x		\b, identifier %#x
#>>>>>0x20D	ubyte		=0		\b, LBA flag %#x (default)
>>>>>0x20D	ubyte		>0		\b, LBA flag %#x
# GRUB version as string
>>>>>0x20E 	string		>\0		\b, GRUB version %-s
# for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + config_file "/boot/grub/stage2" default
>>>>>>0x215 	ulong		0xffffffff
>>>>>>>0x219 	string		>\0		\b, configuration file %-s
>>>>>>0x215 	ulong		!0xffffffff
>>>>>>>0x215 	string		>\0		\b, configuration file %-s
# newer GRUB versions
>>>>0x20C	ulelong&0x2E300000 !0x2E300000
##>>>>>0x20C	ulelong		=0		\b, saved entry %d (usual)
>>>>>0x20C	ulelong		>0		\b, saved entry %d
# for 1.94 contains kernel image size
# for 0.93,0.94,0.96,0.97
# 0=stage2	1=ffs	2=e2fs	3=fat	4=minix	5=reiserfs	6=vstafs	7=jfs	8=xfs	9=iso9660	a=ufs2
>>>>>0x210	ubyte		x		\b, identifier %#x
# The flag for LBA forcing is in most cases 0
#>>>>>0x211	ubyte		=0		\b, LBA flag %#x (default)
>>>>>0x211	ubyte		>0		\b, LBA flag %#x
# GRUB version as string
>>>>>0x212 	string		>\0		\b, GRUB version %-s
# for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + config_file "/boot/grub/stage2" default
>>>>>0x217 	ulong		0xffffffff
>>>>>>0x21b 	string		>\0		\b, configuration file %-s
>>>>>0x217 	ulong		!0xffffffff
>>>>>>0x217 	string		>\0		\b, configuration file %-s

# DOS x86 sector updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at May 2011
# JuMP short     bootcodeoffset NOP assembler instructions will usually be EB xx 90
# over BIOS parameter block (BPB)
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/2bytejumps.htm#FWD
# older drives may use Near JuMP instruction E9 xx xx
# minimal short forward jump found 0x29 for bootloaders or 0x0
# maximal short forward jump is 0x7f
# OEM-ID is empty or contain readable bytes
0		ulelong&0x804000E9	0x000000E9
!:strength	+60
# mtools-3.9.8/msdos.h
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange FAT systems
# valid sectorsize must be a power of 2 from 32 to 32768
>11		uleshort&0x001f	0
>>11		uleshort	<32769
>>>11		uleshort	>31
>>>>21		ubyte&0xf0	0xF0
>>>>>0		ubyte		0xEB		DOS/MBR boot sector
>>>>>>1		ubyte		x		\b, code offset %#x+2
>>>>>0		ubyte		0xE9
>>>>>>1		uleshort	x		\b, code offset %#x+3
>>>>>3		string		>\0		\b, OEM-ID "%-.8s"
#http://mirror.href.com/thestarman/asm/debug/debug2.htm#IHC
>>>>>>8		string		IHC		\b cached by Windows 9M
>>>>>11		uleshort	>512		\b, Bytes/sector %u
#>>>>>11	uleshort	=512		\b, Bytes/sector %u=512 (usual)
>>>>>11		uleshort	<512		\b, Bytes/sector %u
>>>>>13		ubyte		>1		\b, sectors/cluster %u
#>>>>>13	ubyte		=1		\b, sectors/cluster %u (usual on Floppies)
# for lazy FAT32 implementation like Transcend digital photo frame PF830
>>>>>82		string/c	fat32
>>>>>>14	uleshort	!32		\b, reserved sectors %u
#>>>>>>14	uleshort	=32		\b, reserved sectors %u (usual Fat32)
>>>>>82		string/c	!fat32
>>>>>>14	uleshort	>1		\b, reserved sectors %u
#>>>>>>14	uleshort	=1		\b, reserved sectors %u (usual FAT12,FAT16)
#>>>>>>14	uleshort	0		\b, reserved sectors %u (usual NTFS)
>>>>>16		ubyte		>2		\b, FATs %u
#>>>>>16	ubyte		=2		\b, FATs %u (usual)
>>>>>16		ubyte		=1		\b, FAT  %u
>>>>>16		ubyte		>0
>>>>>17		uleshort	>0		\b, root entries %u
#>>>>>17	uleshort	=0		\b, root entries %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>19		uleshort	>0		\b, sectors %u (volumes <=32 MB)
#>>>>>19	uleshort	=0		\b, sectors %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>21		ubyte		>0xF0		\b, Media descriptor %#x
#>>>>>21	ubyte		=0xF0		\b, Media descriptor %#x (usual floppy)
>>>>>21		ubyte		<0xF0		\b, Media descriptor %#x
>>>>>22		uleshort	>0		\b, sectors/FAT %u
#>>>>>22	uleshort	=0		\b, sectors/FAT %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>24		uleshort	x		\b, sectors/track %u
>>>>>26		ubyte		>2		\b, heads %u
#>>>>>26	ubyte		=2		\b, heads %u (usual floppy)
>>>>>26		ubyte		=1		\b, heads %u
# valid only for sector sizes with more then 32 Bytes
>>>>>11		uleshort	>32
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#Extended_BIOS_Parameter_Block
# skip for values 2,2Ah,70h,73h,DFh
# and continue for extended boot signature values 0,28h,29h,80h
>>>>>>38	ubyte&0x56	=0
>>>>>>>28	ulelong		>0		\b, hidden sectors %u
#>>>>>>>28	ulelong		=0		\b, hidden sectors %u (usual floppy)
>>>>>>>32	ulelong		>0		\b, sectors %u (volumes > 32 MB)
#>>>>>>>32	ulelong		=0		\b, sectors %u (volumes > 32 MB)
# FAT<32 bit specific
>>>>>>>82	string/c	!fat32
#>>>>>>>>36	ubyte		0x80		\b, physical drive %#x=0x80 (usual harddisk)
#>>>>>>>>36	ubyte		0		\b, physical drive %#x=0 (usual floppy)
>>>>>>>>36	ubyte		!0x80
>>>>>>>>>36	ubyte		!0		\b, physical drive %#x
# VGA-copy CRC or
# in Windows NT bit 0 is a dirty flag to request chkdsk at boot time. bit 1 requests surface scan too
>>>>>>>>37	ubyte		>0		\b, reserved %#x
#>>>>>>>>37	ubyte		=0		\b, reserved %#x
# extended boot signature value is 0x80 for NTFS, 0x28 or 0x29 for others
>>>>>>>>38	ubyte		!0x29		\b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>>>38	ubyte&0xFE	=0x28
>>>>>>>>>39	ulelong		x		\b, serial number %#x
>>>>>>>>38	ubyte		=0x29
>>>>>>>>>43	string		<NO\ NAME	\b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>>>43	string		>NO\ NAME	\b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>>>43	string		=NO\ NAME	\b, unlabeled
# there exist some old floppies without word FAT at offset 54
# a word like "FATnm   " is only a hint for a FAT size on nm-bits
# Normally the number of clusters is calculated by the values of BPP.
# if it is small enough FAT is 12 bit, if it is too big enough FAT is 32 bit,
# otherwise FAT is 16 bit.
# http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/determining-fat-widths.html
>>>>>82		string/c	!fat32
>>>>>>54	string		FAT12		\b, FAT (12 bit)
>>>>>>54	string		FAT16		\b, FAT (16 bit)
>>>>>>54	default		x
# determinate FAT bit size by media descriptor
# small floppies implies FAT12
>>>>>>>21	ubyte		<0xF0		\b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor)
# with media descriptor F0h floppy or maybe superfloppy with FAT16
>>>>>>>21	ubyte		=0xF0
# superfloppy (many sectors) implies FAT16
>>>>>>>>32	ulelong		>0xFFFF		\b, FAT (16 bit by descriptor+sectors)
# no superfloppy with media descriptor F0h implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>32	default		x		\b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+sectors)
# with media descriptor F8h floppy or hard disc with FAT12 or FAT16
>>>>>>>21	ubyte		=0xF8
# 360 KiB with media descriptor F8h, 9 sectors per track ,single sided floppy implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>19	ubequad	0xd002f80300090001	\b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+geometry)
# hard disc with FAT12 or FAT16
>>>>>>>>19	default		x		\b, FAT (1Y bit by descriptor)
# with media descriptor FAh floppy, RAM disc with FAT12 or FAT16 or Tandy hard disc
>>>>>>>21	ubyte		=0xFA
# 320 KiB with media descriptor FAh, 8 sectors per track ,single sided floppy implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>19	ubequad	0x8002fa0200080001	\b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+geometry)
# RAM disc with FAT12 or FAT16 or Tandy hard disc
>>>>>>>>19	default		x		\b, FAT (1Y bit by descriptor)
# others are floppy
>>>>>>>21	default		x		\b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor)
# FAT32 bit specific
>>>>>82		string/c	fat32		\b, FAT (32 bit)
>>>>>>36	ulelong		x		\b, sectors/FAT %u
# https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc977221.aspx
>>>>>>40	uleshort	>0		\b, extension flags %#x
#>>>>>>40	uleshort	=0		\b, extension flags %hu
>>>>>>42	uleshort	>0		\b, fsVersion %u
#>>>>>>42	uleshort	=0		\b, fsVersion %u (usual)
>>>>>>44	ulelong		>2		\b, rootdir cluster %u
#>>>>>>44	ulelong		=2		\b, rootdir cluster %u
#>>>>>>44	ulelong		=1		\b, rootdir cluster %u
>>>>>>48	uleshort	>1		\b, infoSector %u
#>>>>>>48	uleshort	=1		\b, infoSector %u (usual)
>>>>>>48	uleshort	<1		\b, infoSector %u
# 0 or 0xFFFF instead of usual 6 means no backup sector
>>>>>>50	uleshort	=0xFFFF		\b, no Backup boot sector
>>>>>>50	uleshort	=0		\b, no Backup boot sector
#>>>>>>50	uleshort	=6		\b, Backup boot sector %u (usual)
>>>>>>50	default		x
>>>>>>>50	uleshort	x		\b, Backup boot sector %u
# corrected by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2011 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm#FSINFO
>>>>>>52	ulelong		>0		\b, reserved1 %#x
>>>>>>56	ulelong		>0		\b, reserved2 %#x
>>>>>>60	ulelong		>0		\b, reserved3 %#x
# same structure as FAT1X
#>>>>>>64	ubyte		=0x80		\b, physical drive %#x=80 (usual harddisk)
#>>>>>>64	ubyte		=0		\b, physical drive %#x=0 (usual floppy)
>>>>>>64	ubyte		!0x80
>>>>>>>64	ubyte		>0		\b, physical drive %#x
# in Windows NT bit 0 is a dirty flag to request chkdsk at boot time. bit 1 requests surface scan too
>>>>>>65	ubyte		>0		\b, reserved %#x
>>>>>>66	ubyte		!0x29		\b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>66	ubyte		=0x29
>>>>>>>67	ulelong		x		\b, serial number %#x
>>>>>>>71	string		<NO\ NAME	\b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>71	string		>NO\ NAME	\b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>71	string		=NO\ NAME	\b, unlabeled
# additional tests for floppy image added by Joerg Jenderek
# no fixed disk
>>>>>21		ubyte		!0xF8
# floppy media with 12 bit FAT
>>>>>>54	string		!FAT16
# test for FAT after bootsector
>>>>>>>(11.s)	ulelong&0x00ffffF0	0x00ffffF0	\b, followed by FAT
# floppy image
!:mime application/x-ima
# NTFS specific added by Joerg Jenderek at Mar 2011 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/NTFSBR.htm
# and http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/bios-parameter-block.html
# 0 FATs
>>>>>16	ubyte		=0
# 0 root entries
>>>>>>17	uleshort	=0
# 0 DOS sectors
>>>>>>>19	uleshort	=0
# 0 sectors/FAT
# dos < 4.0 BootSector value found is 0x80
#38	ubyte		=0x80			\b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>>>22	uleshort	=0		\b; NTFS
>>>>>>>>>24	uleshort	>0		\b, sectors/track %u
>>>>>>>>>36	ulelong		!0x800080	\b, physical drive %#x
>>>>>>>>>40	ulequad		>0		\b, sectors %lld
>>>>>>>>>48	ulequad		>0		\b, $MFT start cluster %lld
>>>>>>>>>56	ulequad		>0		\b, $MFTMirror start cluster %lld
# Values 0 to 127 represent MFT record sizes of 0 to 127 clusters.
# Values 128 to 255 represent MFT record sizes of 2^(256-N) bytes.
>>>>>>>>>64	lelong		<256
>>>>>>>>>>64	lelong		<128		\b, clusters/RecordSegment %d
>>>>>>>>>>64	ubyte		>127		\b, bytes/RecordSegment 2^(-1*%i)
# Values 0 to 127 represent index block sizes of 0 to 127 clusters.
# Values 128 to 255 represent index block sizes of 2^(256-N) byte
>>>>>>>>>68	ulelong		<256
>>>>>>>>>>68	ulelong		<128		\b, clusters/index block %d
#>>>>>>>>>>68	ulelong		>127		\b, bytes/index block 2^(256-%d)
>>>>>>>>>>68	ubyte		>127		\b, bytes/index block 2^(-1*%i)
>>>>>>>>>72	ulequad		x		\b, serial number 0%llx
>>>>>>>>>80	ulelong		>0		\b, checksum %#x
#>>>>>>>>>80	ulelong		=0		\b, checksum %#x=0 (usual)
# unicode loadername size jump
>>>>>>>>>(0x200.s*2)	ubyte				x
# in next sector loadername terminated by unicode CTRL-D and $
>>>>>>>>>>&0x1FF	ulequad&0x0000FFffFFffFF00	0x0000002400040000 \b; contains
# if 2nd NTFS sectors is found then assume whole filesystem
#!:mime		application/x-raw-disk-image
!:ext		img/bin/ntfs
>>>>>>>>>>>0x200	use				ntfs-sector2

# For 2nd NTFS sector added by Joerg Jenderek at Jan 2013, Mar 2019
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/NTFSbrHexEd.htm
# unused assembler instructions short JMP y2;NOP;NOP
0x056		ulelong&0xFFFF0FFF	0x909002EB	NTFS
#!:mime		application/octet-stream
!:ext		bin
>0		use		ntfs-sector2
# https://memory.dataram.com/products-and-services/software/ramdisk
# assembler instructions JMP C000;NOP
0x056		ulelong			0x9000c0e9	NTFS
#!:mime		application/octet-stream
!:ext		bin
>0		use		ntfs-sector2
# check for characteristics of second NTFS sector and then display loader name
0		name		ntfs-sector2
# number of utf16 characters of loadername
>0		uleshort	<8
# unused assembler instructions JMP y2;NOP;NOP or JMP C000;NOP
>>0x056		ulelong&0xFF0000FD	0x900000E9
# loadernames are NTLDR,CMLDR,PELDR,$LDR$ or BOOTMGR
>>>0x002		lestring16	x	bootstrap %-5.5s
# check for 7 character length of loader name like BOOTMGR
>>>0		uleshort	7
>>>>0x0c	lestring16	x	\b%-2.2s
### DOS,NTFS boot sectors end

# ntfsclone-image is a special save format for NTFS volumes,
# created and restored by the ntfsclone program
0	string	\0ntfsclone-image	ntfsclone image,
>0x10	byte	x			version %d.
>0x11	byte	x			\b%d,
>0x12	lelong	x			cluster size %d,
>0x16	lequad	x			device size %lld,
>0x1e	lequad	x			%lld total clusters,
>0x26	lequad	x			%lld clusters in use

9564	lelong		0x00011954	Unix Fast File system [v1] (little-endian),
>8404	string		x		last mounted on %s,
#>9504	ledate		x		last checked at %s,
>8224	ledate		x		last written at %s,
>8401	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>8228	lelong		x		number of blocks %d,
>8232	lelong		x		number of data blocks %d,
>8236	lelong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>8240	lelong		x		block size %d,
>8244	lelong		x		fragment size %d,
>8252	lelong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>8256	lelong		x		rotational delay %dms,
>8260	lelong		x		disk rotational speed %drps,
>8320	lelong		0		TIME optimization
>8320	lelong		1		SPACE optimization

42332	lelong		0x19540119	Unix Fast File system [v2] (little-endian)
>&-1164	string		x		last mounted on %s,
>&-696	string		>\0		volume name %s,
>&-304	leqldate	x		last written at %s,
>&-1167	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>&-1168	byte		x		readonly flag %d,
>&-296	lequad		x		number of blocks %lld,
>&-288	lequad		x		number of data blocks %lld,
>&-1332	lelong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>&-1328	lelong		x		block size %d,
>&-1324	lelong		x		fragment size %d,
>&-180	lelong		x		average file size %d,
>&-176	lelong		x		average number of files in dir %d,
>&-272	lequad		x		pending blocks to free %lld,
>&-264	lelong		x		pending inodes to free %d,
>&-664	lequad		x		system-wide uuid %0llx,
>&-1316	lelong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>&-1248	lelong		0		TIME optimization
>&-1248	lelong		1		SPACE optimization

66908	lelong		0x19540119	Unix Fast File system [v2] (little-endian)
>&-1164	string		x		last mounted on %s,
>&-696	string		>\0		volume name %s,
>&-304	leqldate	x		last written at %s,
>&-1167	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>&-1168	byte		x		readonly flag %d,
>&-296	lequad		x		number of blocks %lld,
>&-288	lequad		x		number of data blocks %lld,
>&-1332	lelong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>&-1328	lelong		x		block size %d,
>&-1324	lelong		x		fragment size %d,
>&-180	lelong		x		average file size %d,
>&-176	lelong		x		average number of files in dir %d,
>&-272	lequad		x		pending blocks to free %lld,
>&-264	lelong		x		pending inodes to free %d,
>&-664	lequad		x		system-wide uuid %0llx,
>&-1316	lelong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>&-1248	lelong		0		TIME optimization
>&-1248	lelong		1		SPACE optimization

9564	belong		0x00011954	Unix Fast File system [v1] (big-endian),
>7168   belong		0x4c41424c	Apple UFS Volume
>>7186  string		x		named %s,
>>7176  belong		x		volume label version %d,
>>7180  bedate		x		created on %s,
>8404	string		x		last mounted on %s,
#>9504	bedate		x		last checked at %s,
>8224	bedate		x		last written at %s,
>8401	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>8228	belong		x		number of blocks %d,
>8232	belong		x		number of data blocks %d,
>8236	belong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>8240	belong		x		block size %d,
>8244	belong		x		fragment size %d,
>8252	belong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>8256	belong		x		rotational delay %dms,
>8260	belong		x		disk rotational speed %drps,
>8320	belong		0		TIME optimization
>8320	belong		1		SPACE optimization

42332	belong		0x19540119	Unix Fast File system [v2] (big-endian)
>&-1164	string		x		last mounted on %s,
>&-696	string		>\0		volume name %s,
>&-304	beqldate	x		last written at %s,
>&-1167	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>&-1168	byte		x		readonly flag %d,
>&-296	bequad		x		number of blocks %lld,
>&-288	bequad		x		number of data blocks %lld,
>&-1332	belong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>&-1328	belong		x		block size %d,
>&-1324	belong		x		fragment size %d,
>&-180	belong		x		average file size %d,
>&-176	belong		x		average number of files in dir %d,
>&-272	bequad		x		pending blocks to free %lld,
>&-264	belong		x		pending inodes to free %d,
>&-664	bequad		x		system-wide uuid %0llx,
>&-1316	belong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>&-1248	belong		0		TIME optimization
>&-1248	belong		1		SPACE optimization

66908	belong		0x19540119	Unix Fast File system [v2] (big-endian)
>&-1164	string		x		last mounted on %s,
>&-696	string		>\0		volume name %s,
>&-304	beqldate	x		last written at %s,
>&-1167	byte		x		clean flag %d,
>&-1168	byte		x		readonly flag %d,
>&-296	bequad		x		number of blocks %lld,
>&-288	bequad		x		number of data blocks %lld,
>&-1332	belong		x		number of cylinder groups %d,
>&-1328	belong		x		block size %d,
>&-1324	belong		x		fragment size %d,
>&-180	belong		x		average file size %d,
>&-176	belong		x		average number of files in dir %d,
>&-272	bequad		x		pending blocks to free %lld,
>&-264	belong		x		pending inodes to free %d,
>&-664	bequad		x		system-wide uuid %0llx,
>&-1316	belong		x		minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>&-1248	belong		0		TIME optimization
>&-1248	belong		1		SPACE optimization

0	ulequad		0xc8414d4dc5523031	HAMMER filesystem (little-endian),
>0x90	lelong+1	x			volume %d
>0x94	lelong		x			(of %d),
>0x50	string		x			name %s,
>0x98	ulelong		x			version %u,
>0xa0	ulelong		x			flags %#x

0	ulequad		0x48414d3205172011	HAMMER2 filesystem (little-endian),
>0x3b	byte		x			volume %d,
>0x28	ulequad/1073741824 x			size %lluGB,
>0x30	ulelong		x			version %u,
>0x34	ulelong		x			flags %#x

# ext2/ext3 filesystems - Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
# ext4 filesystem - Eric Sandeen <sandeen@sandeen.net>
# volume label and UUID Russell Coker
# https://etbe.coker.com.au/2008/07/08/label-vs-uuid-vs-device/
0x438   leshort         0xEF53          Linux
>0x44c  lelong          x               rev %d
>0x43e  leshort         x               \b.%d
# No journal?  ext2
>0x45c  lelong          ^0x0000004      ext2 filesystem data
>>0x43a leshort         ^0x0000001      (mounted or unclean)
# Has a journal?  ext3 or ext4
>0x45c  lelong          &0x0000004
#  and small INCOMPAT?
>>0x460 lelong          <0x0000040
#   and small RO_COMPAT?
>>>0x464 lelong         <0x0000008      ext3 filesystem data
#   else large RO_COMPAT?
>>>0x464 lelong         >0x0000007      ext4 filesystem data
#  else large INCOMPAT?
>>0x460	lelong          >0x000003f      ext4 filesystem data
>0x468	ubelong		x		\b, UUID=%08x
>0x46c	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x46e	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x470	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x472	ubelong		x		\b-%08x
>0x476	ubeshort	x		\b%04x
>0x478	string		>0		\b, volume name "%s"
# General flags for any ext* fs
>0x460	lelong          &0x0000004      (needs journal recovery)
>0x43a	leshort         &0x0000002      (errors)
# INCOMPAT flags
>0x460	lelong          &0x0000001      (compressed)
#>0x460	lelong          &0x0000002      (filetype)
#>0x460	lelong          &0x0000010      (meta bg)
>0x460	lelong          &0x0000040      (extents)
>0x460	lelong          &0x0000080      (64bit)
#>0x460	lelong          &0x0000100      (mmp)
#>0x460	lelong          &0x0000200      (flex bg)
# RO_INCOMPAT flags
#>0x464	lelong          &0x0000001      (sparse super)
>0x464	lelong          &0x0000002      (large files)
>0x464	lelong          &0x0000008      (huge files)
#>0x464	lelong          &0x0000010      (gdt checksum)
#>0x464	lelong          &0x0000020      (many subdirs)
#>0x463	lelong          &0x0000040      (extra isize)

# f2fs filesystem - Tuomas Tynkkynen <tuomas.tynkkynen@iki.fi>
0x400	lelong		0xF2F52010	F2FS filesystem
>0x46c	ubelong		x		\b, UUID=%08x
>0x470	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x472	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x474	ubeshort	x		\b-%04x
>0x476	ubelong		x		\b-%08x
>0x47a	ubeshort	x		\b%04x
>0x147c	lestring16	x		\b, volume name "%s"

# Minix filesystems - Juan Cespedes <cespedes@debian.org>
0x410	leshort		0x137f
!:strength / 2
>0x402	beshort		< 100
>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V1, 14 char names, %d zones
>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
0x410	beshort		0x137f
!:strength / 2
>0x402	beshort		< 100
>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V1 (big endian), %d zones
>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
0x410	leshort		0x138f
!:strength / 2
>0x402	beshort		< 100
>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V1, 30 char names, %d zones
>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
0x410	beshort		0x138f
!:strength / 2
>0x402	beshort		< 100
>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V1, 30 char names (big endian), %d zones
>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
# Weak Magic: this is $x
#0x410	leshort		0x2468
#>0x402	beshort		< 100
#>>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V2, 14 char names
#>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
#0x410	beshort		0x2468
#>0x402	beshort		< 100
#>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V2 (big endian)
#>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
#0x410	leshort		0x2478
#>0x402	beshort		< 100
#>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names
#>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
#0x410	leshort		0x2478
#>0x402	beshort		< 100
#>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names
#>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
#0x410	beshort		0x2478
#>0x402	beshort		!0		Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names (big endian)
#>0x1e	string		minix		\b, bootable
# Weak Magic! this is MD
#0x418	leshort		0x4d5a
#>0x402	beshort		<100
#>>0x402	beshort		> -1		Minix filesystem, V3, 60 char names

# SGI disk labels - Nathan Scott <nathans@debian.org>
0	belong		0x0BE5A941	SGI disk label (volume header)

# SGI XFS filesystem - Nathan Scott <nathans@debian.org>
0	belong		0x58465342	SGI XFS filesystem data
>0x4	belong		x		(blksz %d,
>0x68	beshort		x		inosz %d,
>0x64	beshort		^0x2004		v1 dirs)
>0x64	beshort		&0x2004		v2 dirs)

############################################################################
# Minix-ST kernel floppy
0x800	belong		0x46fc2700	Atari-ST Minix kernel image
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block
# floppies with valid BPB and any instruction at beginning
>19	string		\240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0	\b, 720k floppy
>19	string		\320\002\370\005\0\011\0\1\0	\b, 360k floppy

############################################################################
# Hmmm, is this a better way of detecting _standard_ floppy images ?
19	string		\320\002\360\003\0\011\0\1\0	DOS floppy 360k
>0x1FE	leshort		0xAA55		\b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19	string		\240\005\371\003\0\011\0\2\0	DOS floppy 720k
>0x1FE	leshort		0xAA55		\b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19	string		\100\013\360\011\0\022\0\2\0	DOS floppy 1440k
>0x1FE	leshort		0xAA55		\b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector

19	string		\240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0	DOS floppy 720k, IBM
>0x1FE	leshort		0xAA55		\b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19	string		\100\013\371\005\0\011\0\2\0	DOS floppy 1440k, mkdosfs
>0x1FE	leshort		0xAA55		\b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector

19	string		\320\002\370\005\0\011\0\1\0	Atari-ST floppy 360k
19	string		\240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0	Atari-ST floppy 720k
#			|       |   |     |     |
#			|       |   |     |     heads
#			|       |   |     sectors/track
#			|       |   sectors/FAT
#			|       media descriptor
#		BPB:	sectors

#  Valid media descriptor bytes for MS-DOS:
#
#     Byte   Capacity   Media Size and Type
#     -------------------------------------------------
#
#     F0     2.88 MB    3.5-inch, 2-sided, 36-sector
#     F0     1.44 MB    3.5-inch, 2-sided, 18-sector
#     F9     720K       3.5-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector
#     F9     1.2 MB     5.25-inch, 2-sided, 15-sector
#     FD     360K       5.25-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector
#     FF     320K       5.25-inch, 2-sided, 8-sector
#     FC     180K       5.25-inch, 1-sided, 9-sector
#     FE     160K       5.25-inch, 1-sided, 8-sector
#     FE     250K       8-inch, 1-sided, single-density
#     FD     500K       8-inch, 2-sided, single-density
#     FE     1.2 MB     8-inch, 2-sided, double-density
#     F8     -----      Fixed disk
#
#     FC     xxxK       Apricot 70x1x9 boot disk.
#
# Originally a bitmap:
#  xxxxxxx0	Not two sided
#  xxxxxxx1	Double sided
#  xxxxxx0x	Not 8 SPT
#  xxxxxx1x	8 SPT
#  xxxxx0xx	Not Removable drive
#  xxxxx1xx	Removable drive
#  11111xxx	Must be one.
#
# But now it's rather random:
#  111111xx	Low density disk
#        00	SS, Not 8 SPT
#        01	DS, Not 8 SPT
#        10	SS, 8 SPT
#        11	DS, 8 SPT
#
#  11111001	Double density 3 1/2 floppy disk, high density 5 1/4
#  11110000	High density 3 1/2 floppy disk
#  11111000	Hard disk any format
#

# all FAT12 (strength=70) floppies with sectorsize 512 added by Joerg Jenderek at Jun 2013
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#Exceptions
# Too Weak.
#512		ubelong&0xE0ffff00	0xE0ffff00
# without valid Media descriptor in place of BPB, cases with are done at other places
#>21		ubyte			<0xE5			floppy with old FAT filesystem
# but valid Media descriptor at begin of FAT
#>>512		ubyte			=0xed			720k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xf0			1440k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xf8			720k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xf9			1220k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xfa			320k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xfb			640k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xfc			180k
# look like an old DOS directory entry
#>>>0xA0E	ubequad			0
#>>>>0xA00	ubequad			!0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512		ubyte			=0xfd
# look for 2nd FAT at different location to distinguish between 360k and 500k
#>>>0x600	ubelong&0xE0ffff00	0xE0ffff00		360k
#>>>0x500	ubelong&0xE0ffff00	0xE0ffff00		500k
#>>>0xA0E	ubequad			0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512		ubyte			=0xfe
#>>>0x400	ubelong&0xE0ffff00	0xE0ffff00		160k
#>>>>0x60E	ubequad			0
#>>>>>0x600	ubequad			!0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>>0xC00	ubelong&0xE0ffff00	0xE0ffff00		1200k
#>>512		ubyte			=0xff			320k
#>>>0x60E	ubequad			0
#>>>>0x600	ubequad			!0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512		ubyte			x			\b, Media descriptor %#x
# without x86 jump instruction
#>>0		ulelong&0x804000E9	!0x000000E9
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV SP,1E7;MOV AX;07c0;MOV
#>>>0	ubequad				0xfabce701b8c0078e	\b, MS-DOS 1.12 bootloader
# IOSYS.COM+MSDOS.COM
#>>>>0xc4	use			2xDOS-filename
#>>0		ulelong&0x804000E9	=0x000000E9
# only x86 short jump instruction found
#>>>0		ubyte			=0xEB
#>>>>1		ubyte			x			\b, code offset %#x+2
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ibm100/Boot.htm
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;MOV DX,0
#>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0xfa8cc88ed8ba0000	\b, PC-DOS 1.0 bootloader
# ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
#>>>>>0x176	use			DOS-filename
#>>>>>0x181	ubyte			x			\b+
#>>>>>0x182	use			DOS-filename
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ibm110/Boot.htm
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;XOR DX,DX;MOV
#>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0xfa8cc88ed833d28e	\b, PC-DOS 1.1 bootloader
# ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
#>>>>>0x18b	use			DOS-filename
#>>>>>0x196	ubyte			x			\b+
#>>>>>0x197	use			DOS-filename
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_Data_Systems
# assembler instructions: MOV BX,07c0;MOV SS,BX;MOV SP,01c6
#>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0xbbc0078ed3bcc601	\b, Zenith Data Systems MS-DOS 1.25 bootloader
# IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS
#>>>>>0x20	use			2xDOS-filename
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Data_Systems
# assembler instructions: MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;CLI;MOV SS,AX;
#>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0x8cc88ed8fa8ed0bc	\b, MS-DOS 1.25 bootloader
# IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS
#>>>>>0x69	use			2xDOS-filename
# assembler instructions: CLI;PUSH CS;POP SS;MOV SP,7c00;
#>>>>(1.b+2)	ubequad			0xfa0e17bc007cb860	\b, MS-DOS 2.11 bootloader
# defect IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS ?
#>>>>>0x162	use			2xDOS-filename

0	name				cdrom
>38913	string   !NSR0      ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data
!:mime	application/x-iso9660-image
!:ext	iso/iso9660
>38913	string    NSR0      UDF filesystem data
!:mime	application/x-iso9660-image
!:ext	iso/udf
>>38917	string    1         (version 1.0)
>>38917	string    2         (version 1.5)
>>38917	string    3         (version 2.0)
>>38917	byte     >0x33      (unknown version, ID %#X)
>>38917	byte     <0x31      (unknown version, ID %#X)
# The next line is not necessary because the MBR staff is done looking for boot signature
>0x1FE	leshort  0xAA55     (DOS/MBR boot sector)
# "application id" which appears to be used as a volume label
>32808	string/T  >\0       '%.32s'
>34816	string    \000CD001\001EL\ TORITO\ SPECIFICATION    (bootable)
37633	string    CD001     ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data (raw 2352 byte sectors)
!:mime	application/x-iso9660-image
32777	string    CDROM     High Sierra CD-ROM filesystem data
# "application id" which appears to be used as a volume label
>32816	string/T  >\0       '%.32s'


# CDROM Filesystems
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660
# Modified for UDF by gerardo.cacciari@gmail.com
32769	string    CD001
# mime line at that position does not work
# to display CD-ROM (70=81-11) after MBR (113=40+72+1), partition-table (71=50+21) and before Apple Driver Map (51)
#!:strength -11
# to display CD-ROM (114=81+33) before MBR (113=40+72+1), partition-table (71=50+21) and Apple Driver Map (51)
!:strength +35
>0	use	cdrom

# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_(file_format)
# Reference: https://dl.opendesktop.org/api/files/download/id/1460731811/
#	11577-mount-iso-0.9.5.tar.bz2/mount-iso-0.9.5/install.sh
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# Note:	Only for nero disc with once (DAO) type after 300 KB header
339969	string    CD001	Nero CD image at 0x4B000
!:mime	application/x-nrg
!:ext	nrg
>307200	use cdrom

# .cso files
# Reference: https://pismotec.com/ciso/ciso.h
# NOTE: There are two other formats with the same magic but
# completely incompatible specifications:
# - GameCube/Wii CISO: https://github.com/dolphin-emu/dolphin/blob/master/Source/Core/DiscIO/CISOBlob.h
# - PSP CISO: https://github.com/jamie/ciso/blob/master/ciso.h
0    string    CISO
# Other fields are used to determine what type of CISO this is:
# - 0x04 == 0x00200000: GameCube/Wii CISO (block_size)
# - 0x10 == 0x00000800: PSP CISO (ISO-9660 sector size)
# - 0x10 == 0x00004000: For >2GB files using maxcso...
# 			https://github.com/unknownbrackets/maxcso/issues/26
# - None of the above: Compact ISO.
>4	lelong	!0
>>4	lelong	!0x200000
>>>16	lelong	!0x800
>>>>16	lelong	!0x4000		Compressed ISO CD image

# cramfs filesystem - russell@coker.com.au
0       lelong    0x28cd3d45      Linux Compressed ROM File System data, little endian
>4      lelong  x size %u
>8      lelong  &1 version #2
>8      lelong  &2 sorted_dirs
>8      lelong  &4 hole_support
>32     lelong  x CRC %#x,
>36     lelong  x edition %u,
>40     lelong  x %u blocks,
>44     lelong  x %u files

0       belong    0x28cd3d45      Linux Compressed ROM File System data, big endian
>4      belong  x size %u
>8      belong  &1 version #2
>8      belong  &2 sorted_dirs
>8      belong  &4 hole_support
>32     belong  x CRC %#x,
>36     belong  x edition %u,
>40     belong  x %u blocks,
>44     belong  x %u files

# reiserfs - russell@coker.com.au
0x10034		string	ReIsErFs	ReiserFS V3.5
0x10034		string	ReIsEr2Fs	ReiserFS V3.6
0x10034		string	ReIsEr3Fs	ReiserFS V3.6.19
>0x1002c 	leshort	x		block size %d
>0x10032	leshort	&2		(mounted or unclean)
>0x10000	lelong	x		num blocks %d
>0x10040	lelong	1		tea hash
>0x10040	lelong	2		yura hash
>0x10040	lelong	3		r5 hash

# EST flat binary format (which isn't, but anyway)
# From: Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
0	string	ESTFBINR	EST flat binary

# Aculab VoIP firmware
# From: Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
0	string	VoIP\ Startup\ and	Aculab VoIP firmware
>35	string	x	format %s

# From: Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk> [old]
# From: Behan Webster <behanw@websterwood.com>
0	belong	0x27051956	u-boot legacy uImage,
>32	string	x		%s,
>28	byte	0		Invalid os/
>28	byte	1		OpenBSD/
>28	byte	2		NetBSD/
>28	byte	3		FreeBSD/
>28	byte	4		4.4BSD/
>28	byte	5		Linux/
>28	byte	6		SVR4/
>28	byte	7		Esix/
>28	byte	8		Solaris/
>28	byte	9		Irix/
>28	byte	10		SCO/
>28	byte	11		Dell/
>28	byte	12		NCR/
>28	byte	13		LynxOS/
>28	byte	14		VxWorks/
>28	byte	15		pSOS/
>28	byte	16		QNX/
>28	byte	17		Firmware/
>28	byte	18		RTEMS/
>28	byte	19		ARTOS/
>28	byte	20		Unity OS/
>28	byte	21		INTEGRITY/
>29	byte	0		\bInvalid CPU,
>29	byte	1		\bAlpha,
>29	byte	2		\bARM,
>29	byte	3		\bIntel x86,
>29	byte	4		\bIA64,
>29	byte	5		\bMIPS,
>29	byte	6		\bMIPS 64-bit,
>29	byte	7		\bPowerPC,
>29	byte	8		\bIBM S390,
>29	byte	9		\bSuperH,
>29	byte	10		\bSparc,
>29	byte	11		\bSparc 64-bit,
>29	byte	12		\bM68K,
>29	byte	13		\bNios-32,
>29	byte	14		\bMicroBlaze,
>29	byte	15		\bNios-II,
>29	byte	16		\bBlackfin,
>29	byte	17		\bAVR32,
>29	byte	18		\bSTMicroelectronics ST200,
>29	byte	19		\bSandbox architecture,
>29	byte	20		\bANDES Technology NDS32,
>29	byte	21		\bOpenRISC 1000,
>29	byte	22		\bARM 64-bit,
>29	byte	23		\bDesignWare ARC,
>29	byte	24		\bx86_64,
>29	byte	25		\bXtensa,
>29	byte	26		\bRISC-V,
>30	byte	0		Invalid Image
>30	byte	1		Standalone Program
>30	byte	2		OS Kernel Image
>30	byte	3		RAMDisk Image
>30	byte	4		Multi-File Image
>30	byte	5		Firmware Image
>30	byte	6		Script File
>30	byte	7		Filesystem Image (any type)
>30	byte	8		Binary Flat Device Tree BLOB
>31	byte	0		(Not compressed),
>31	byte	1		(gzip),
>31	byte	2		(bzip2),
>31	byte	3		(lzma),
>12	belong	x		%d bytes,
>8	bedate	x		%s,
>16	belong	x		Load Address: %#08X,
>20	belong	x		Entry Point: %#08X,
>4	belong	x		Header CRC: %#08X,
>24	belong	x		Data CRC: %#08X

# JFFS2 file system
0	leshort	0x1984		Linux old jffs2 filesystem data little endian
0	beshort	0x1984		Linux old jffs2 filesystem data big endian
0	leshort	0x1985		Linux jffs2 filesystem data little endian
0	beshort	0x1985		Linux jffs2 filesystem data big endian

# Squashfs
0	name	squashfs
>28	beshort	x	version %d.
>30	beshort	x	\b%d,
>20	beshort 0	uncompressed,
>20	beshort 1	zlib
>20	beshort 2	lzma
>20	beshort 3	lzo
>20	beshort 4	xz
>20	beshort 5	lz4
>20	beshort 6	zstd
>20	beshort >0	compressed,
>28	beshort <3
>>8	belong	x	%d bytes,
>28	beshort >2
>>28	beshort <4
>>>63	bequad x	%lld bytes,
>>28	beshort >3
>>>40	bequad x	%lld bytes,
#>>67	belong	x	%d bytes,
>4	belong	x	%d inodes,
>28	beshort <2
>>32	beshort	x	blocksize: %d bytes,
>28	beshort >1
>>28	beshort <4
>>>51	belong	x	blocksize: %d bytes,
>>28	beshort >3
>>>12	belong	x	blocksize: %d bytes,
>28	beshort <4
>>39	bedate	x	created: %s
>28	beshort >3
>>8	bedate	x	created: %s

0	string	sqsh	Squashfs filesystem, big endian,
>0	use	squashfs

0	string	hsqs	Squashfs filesystem, little endian,
>0	use	\^squashfs

# AFS Dump Magic
# From: Ty Sarna <tsarna@sarna.org>
0       string                  \x01\xb3\xa1\x13\x22    AFS Dump
>&0     belong                  x                       (v%d)
>>&0    byte                    0x76
>>>&0   belong                  x                       Vol %d,
>>>>&0  byte                    0x6e
>>>>>&0 string                  x                       %s
>>>>>>&1        byte            0x74
>>>>>>>&0       beshort         2
>>>>>>>>&4      bedate          x                       on: %s
>>>>>>>>&0      bedate          =0                      full dump
>>>>>>>>&0      bedate          !0                      incremental since: %s

#----------------------------------------------------------
#delta ISO    Daniel Novotny (dnovotny@redhat.com)
0	string  DISO	Delta ISO data
!:strength +50
>4	belong  x	version %d

# VMS backup savesets - gerardo.cacciari@gmail.com
#
4            string  \x01\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00
>(0.s+16)    string  \x01\x01
>>&(&0.b+8)  byte    0x42       OpenVMS backup saveset data
>>>40        lelong  x          (block size %d,
>>>49        string  >\0        original name '%s',
>>>2         short   1024       VAX generated)
>>>2         short   2048       AXP generated)
>>>2         short   4096       I64 generated)

# Summary: Oracle Clustered Filesystem
# Created by: Aaron Botsis <redhat@digitalmafia.org>
8	string		OracleCFS	Oracle Clustered Filesystem,
>4	long		x		rev %d
>0	long		x		\b.%d,
>560	string		x		label: %.64s,
>136	string		x		mountpoint: %.128s

# Summary: Oracle ASM tagged volume
# Created by: Aaron Botsis <redhat@digitalmafia.org>
32	string		ORCLDISK	Oracle ASM Volume,
>40	string		x		Disk Name: %0.12s
32	string		ORCLCLRD	Oracle ASM Volume (cleared),
>40	string		x		Disk Name: %0.12s

# Oracle Clustered Filesystem - Aaron Botsis <redhat@digitalmafia.org>
8	string		OracleCFS	Oracle Clustered Filesystem,
>4	long		x		rev %d
>0	long		x		\b.%d,
>560	string		x		label: %.64s,
>136	string		x		mountpoint: %.128s

# Oracle ASM tagged volume - Aaron Botsis <redhat@digitalmafia.org>
32	string		ORCLDISK	Oracle ASM Volume,
>40	string		x		Disk Name: %0.12s
32	string		ORCLCLRD	Oracle ASM Volume (cleared),
>40	string		x		Disk Name: %0.12s

# Compaq/HP RILOE floppy image
# From: Dirk Jagdmann <doj@cubic.org>
0	string	CPQRFBLO	Compaq/HP RILOE floppy image

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Files-11 On-Disk Structure (File system for various RSX-11 and VMS flavours).
# These bits come from LBN 1 (home block) of ODS-1, ODS-2 and ODS-5 volumes,
# which is mapped to VBN 2 of [000000]INDEXF.SYS;1 - gerardo.cacciari@gmail.com
#
1008    string          DECFILE11       Files-11 On-Disk Structure
>525    byte            x               (ODS-%d);
>1017   string          A               RSX-11, VAX/VMS or OpenVMS VAX file system;
>1017   string          B
>>525   byte            2               VAX/VMS or OpenVMS file system;
>>525   byte            5               OpenVMS Alpha or Itanium file system;
>984    string          x               volume label is '%-12.12s'

# From: Thomas Klausner <wiz@NetBSD.org>
# https://filext.com/file-extension/DAA
# describes the daa file format. The magic would be:
0	string		DAA\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0	PowerISO Direct-Access-Archive

# From Albert Cahalan <acahalan@gmail.com>
# really le32 operation,destination,payloadsize (but quite predictable)
# 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 00 02 00 00
0	string		\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\0\2\0\0	Marvell Libertas firmware

# From Eric Sandeen
# GFS2
0x10000         belong          0x01161970
>0x10018        belong          0x0000051d      GFS1 Filesystem
>>0x10024        belong          x               (blocksize %d,
>>0x10060        string          >\0             lockproto %s)
>0x10018        belong          0x00000709      GFS2 Filesystem
>>0x10024        belong          x               (blocksize %d,
>>0x10060        string          >\0             lockproto %s)

# Russell Coker <russell@coker.com.au>
0x10040		string		_BHRfS_M	BTRFS Filesystem
>0x1012b	string		>\0		label "%s",
>0x10090	lelong		x		sectorsize %d,
>0x10094	lelong		x		nodesize %d,
>0x10098	lelong		x		leafsize %d,
>0x10020	ubelong		x		UUID=%08x-
>0x10024	ubeshort	x		\b%04x-
>0x10026	ubeshort	x		\b%04x-
>0x10028	ubeshort	x		\b%04x-
>0x1002a	ubeshort	x		\b%04x
>0x1002c	ubelong		x		\b%08x,
>0x10078	lequad		x		%lld/
>0x10070	lequad		x		\b%lld bytes used,
>0x10088	lequad		x		%lld devices

0		string		btrfs-stream	BTRFS stream file

# dvdisaster's .ecc
# From: "Nelson A. de Oliveira" <naoliv@gmail.com>
0	string	*dvdisaster*	dvdisaster error correction file

# xfs metadump image
# mb_magic XFSM at 0; superblock magic XFSB at 1 << mb_blocklog
# but can we do the << ?  For now it's always 512 (0x200) anyway.
0	string XFSM
>0x200	string XFSB	XFS filesystem metadump image

# Type:	CROM filesystem
# From:	Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
0	string	CROMFS	CROMFS
>6	string	>\0	\b version %2.2s,
>8	ulequad	>0	\b block data at %lld,
>16	ulequad	>0	\b fblock table at %lld,
>24	ulequad	>0	\b inode table at %lld,
>32	ulequad	>0	\b root at %lld,
>40	ulelong	>0	\b fblock size = %d,
>44	ulelong	>0	\b block size = %d,
>48	ulequad	>0	\b bytes = %lld

# Type:	xfs metadump image
# From:	Daniel Novotny <dnovotny@redhat.com>
# mb_magic XFSM at 0; superblock magic XFSB at 1 << mb_blocklog
# but can we do the << ? For now it's always 512 (0x200) anyway.
0	string	XFSM
>0x200	string	XFSB	XFS filesystem metadump image

# Type:	delta ISO
# From:	Daniel Novotny <dnovotny@redhat.com>
0	string	DISO	Delta ISO data,
>4	belong	x	version %d

# JFS2 (Journaling File System) image. (Old JFS1 has superblock at 0x1000.)
# See linux/fs/jfs/jfs_superblock.h for layout; see jfs_filsys.h for flags.
# From: Adam Buchbinder <adam.buchbinder@gmail.com>
0x8000	string	JFS1
# Because it's text-only magic, check a binary value (version) to be sure.
# Should always be 2, but mkfs.jfs writes it as 1. Needs to be 2 or 1 to be
# mountable.
>&0	lelong	<3	JFS2 filesystem image
# Label is followed by a UUID; we have to limit string length to avoid
# appending the UUID in the case of a 16-byte label.
>>&144	regex	[\x20-\x7E]{1,16}	(label "%s")
>>&0	lequad	x	\b, %lld blocks
>>&8	lelong	x	\b, blocksize %d
>>&32	lelong&0x00000006	>0	(dirty)
>>&36	lelong	>0	(compressed)

# LFS
0	lelong	0x070162	LFS filesystem image
>4	lelong	1		version 1,
>>8	lelong	x		\b blocks %u,
>>12	lelong	x		\b blocks per segment %u,
>4	lelong	2		version 2,
>>8	lelong	x		\b fragments %u,
>>12	lelong	x		\b bytes per segment %u,
>16	lelong	x		\b disk blocks %u,
>20	lelong	x		\b block size %u,
>24	lelong	x		\b fragment size %u,
>28	lelong	x		\b fragments per block %u,
>32	lelong	x		\b start for free list %u,
>36	lelong	x		\b number of free blocks %d,
>40	lelong	x		\b number of files %u,
>44	lelong	x		\b blocks available for writing %d,
>48	lelong	x		\b inodes in cache %d,
>52	lelong	x		\b inode file disk address %#x,
>56	lelong	x		\b inode file inode number %u,
>60	lelong	x		\b address of last segment written %#x,
>64	lelong	x		\b address of next segment to write %#x,
>68	lelong	x		\b address of current segment written %#x

0	string	td\000		floppy image data (TeleDisk, compressed)
0	string	TD\000		floppy image data (TeleDisk)

0	string	CQ\024		floppy image data (CopyQM,
>16	leshort	x		%d sectors,
>18	leshort	x		%d heads.)

0	string	ACT\020Apricot\020disk\020image\032\004	floppy image data (ApriDisk)

# URL:		http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/LoadDskF/SaveDskF
# Update:	Joerg Jenderek
# Note:		called "IBM SKF disk image" by TrID
#		verfied by 7-Zip `7z l -tFAT -slt *.dsk` and
#		`deark -l -m loaddskf  06200D19.DSK`
# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf-old.trid.xml
0	beshort	0xAA58
>0	use		SaveDskF
# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf.trid.xml
0	beshort	0xAA59
>0	use		SaveDskF
# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf-comp.trid.xml
0	beshort	0xAA5A
# skip foo by additional check for unused upper byte of media type in SaveDskF header
#>3	ubyte		=0
# skip bar by additional check for valid "low" number of heads in SaveDskF header
#>>26	uleshort	<3
# skip foo by additional check for unused double word field in SaveDskF header
#>>>30	long		=0
#>>>>0	use		SaveDskF
>0	use		SaveDskF
# display information about IBM SaveDskF floppy disk images
0	name			SaveDskF
# SaveDskF magic
>0	beshort	x		floppy image data (IBM SaveDskF
#!:mime	application/octet-stream
!:mime	application/x-ibm-dsk
!:ext	dsk
# also suffix with digit (1dk .2dk ...); NO example FOUND!
#!:ext	dsk/1dk/2dk
>1	ubyte		=0x58	\b, old)
>1	ubyte		=0x59	\b)
>1	ubyte		=0x5A	\b, compressed)
# media type; the first byte of the FAT like: 0xF0 (usual floppy) 0xF9 0xFE
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system
>2	ubyte		!0xF0	\b, Media descriptor %#x
# upper byte of media type is not used; so this seems to be nil
>3	ubyte		!0	\b, upper byte of media type %#x
# sector size in bytes as in the BIOS parameter block like: 512 ; SAVEDSKF.EXE with other sizes produce garbage images
>4	uleshort	!512	\b, Bytes/sector %u
# cluster mask; number of sectors per cluster, minus 1
>6	uleshort+1	>1	\b, sectors/cluster %u
#>6	uleshort+1	x	\b, sectors/cluster %u
# cluster shift; log2(cluster size / sector size) like: 0~1=ClusterSize/SectorSize
>7	ubyte		>0	\b, cluster shift %u
#>7	ubyte		x	\b, cluster shift %u
# reserved sectors; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 256 (2M256R-K.DSK)
>8	uleshort	>1	\b, reserved sectors %u
#>8	uleshort	x	\b, reserved sectors %u
# FAT copies; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 2 (usual) 1 (2-NK.DSK)
>10	ubyte		!2	\b, FAT
# plural s
>>10	ubyte		>1	\bs
>>10	ubyte		x	%u
# root directory entries; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 224 (usual) 64 (H1-NK.DSK) 4096 (2-NK.DSK)
>11	uleshort	!224	\b, root entries %u
# sector number of first cluster (count sectors used by boot sector, FATs and root directory) like: 7 10 29 33 288
>13	uleshort	!33	\b, 1st cluster at sector %u
# number of clusters in image; empty clusters at the end are not saved and counted like: 2372 2848
>15	uleshort	x	\b, %u clusters
# sectors/FAT; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 (H1-NK.DSK) 7 9
>17	ubyte		!9	\b, sectors/FAT %u
# sector number of root directory (ie, count of sectors used by boot sector and FATs) like: 3 (H1-NK.DSK) 9 10 15 19 274 (2M256R-K.DSK)
>18	uleshort	!19	\b, root directory at sector %u
# checksum; sum of all bytes in the file
>20	ulelong		x	\b, checksum %#8.8x
# cylinders; number of cylinders like: 40 80
>24 	uleshort	!80	\b, %u cylinders
#>24 	uleshort	x	\b, %u cylinders
# heads; number of heads as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 (H1-NK.DSK) 2
>26	uleshort	!2	\b, heads %u
#>26	uleshort	x	\b, heads %u
# sectors/track; number of sectors per track as in the BIOS parameter block like: 8 15 18 36
>28	uleshort	!18	\b, sectors/track %u
#>28	uleshort	x	\b, sectors/track %u
# unused double word field seems to be always like: 0
>30	ulelong		!0	\b, at 0x1E %#x
# number of sectors in images like: 1017 2786 2880
>34 	uleshort	x	\b, sectors %u
# if string is "printable" it can be a real comment
>(36.s)	ubyte		!0x00
# if 1st sector is far enough away (> 0x29) then there is space for comment part
>>38	uleshort	>41
# offset to comment string like: 28h=40
>>>36	uleshort	x	\b, at %#x
# comment string terminated with \r\n\0
>>>(36.s)	string	x	"%s"
# offset to the first sector like: 0 (If this is 0, assume it is 0x200) 29h=41 (DISPLAY3.DSK) 31h 43h 45h 46h 48h 50h 200h=512
>38	uleshort	!0	\b, 1st sector at %#x
# FOR DEBUGGING!
#>(38.s)	ubelong		x	SECTOR CONTENT %x
# not compressed floppy image implies readable DOS boot sector inside image
>>1		ubyte	!0x5A
# when not compressed it is readable as DOS boot sector via ./filesystems
#>>>(38.s)	indirect x	\b; contains
>38	uleshort	=0	\b, 1st sector at 0x200 (0)
# maybe standard DOS boot sector; NO example FOUND HERE!
#>>0x200	indirect	x	\b; contains

0	string	\074CPM_Disk\076	disk image data (YAZE)

# From: 	Joerg Jenderek
# URL:		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Point_Software#cite_note-6
# Reference:	https://www.robcraig.com/download/transcopy-5-x-file-format
#		https://www.robcraig.com/download/transcopy-file-format-by-gene-thompson
#		http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/t/tc-transcopy.trid.xml
# TransCopy signature
0		beshort		0x5AA5
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with invalid 0 disk sides handled by ./intel
>0x103		ubyte		!0
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with unlikely "high" start cylinder 100 handled by ./intel
#>>0x101		ubyte		<100		VALID_START_CYLINDER
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with unlikely description handled by ./intel
#>>>2		beshort		!0xF00f		VALID_DESCRIPTION
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with invalid disk types 89h 88h handled by ./intel
#>>>>0x100	byte		!0x89		VALID_DISK_TYPE
>>0	use	tc-floppy
#	display information of Central Point Software (CPS) Option Board TransCopy floppy image
0	name		tc-floppy
>0		beshort		x		TransCopy disk image
#!:mime	application/octet-stream
!:mime	application/x-floppy-image-tc
# like: disk04.tc VOCALC2.TC WIZ5_A.tc WIZ2_720.IMG
!:ext	tc/img
# 1st description (optional 0-terminated maximal 32) like:
# "Project Workbench 2.20" "Visi On Calc" "Wizardry V Disk 1 of 3"
>2		string		>\0		%.32s
# 2nd desc. (optional 0-terminated maximal 32) like:
# "(1988)." "Advanced - Utility" 'Program Disk 2"
>0x22		string		>\0		"%.32s"
# Looks like ascii (like MESSAGES) formatted with attribute bytes (190)?
# not needed for disk copy
#>>0x42		string		x		'%.190s'
#>>0x88		lestring16	x		"%.8s"
# disktype: 2~MFM High Density 3~MFM Double Density 4~Apple II GCR 5~FM Single Density
# 6~Commodore GCR 7~MFM Double Density 8~Commodore Amiga Ch~Atari FM FFh~Unknown
>0x100		ubyte		!0xFF		\b, disk type %u
# StartingCylinder like: 0
>0x101		ubyte		x		\b, cylinder
>0x101		ubyte		!0		start=%u
# EndingCylinder like: 40 (often) 41 79
>0x102		ubyte		x		end=%u
# NumberOfSides like: 2
>0x103		ubyte		!2		\b, %u sides
# TrackIncrement like: 1
>0x104		ubyte		!1		\b, track increment %u
# TrackPosTbl Track skew
#>0x105		ubequad		x		\b, Track skew %#16.16llx
# TrackOffsTbl
#>0x305		ubequad		x		\b, TrackOffsTbl %#16.16llx
# TrackLngthTbl
#>0x505		ubequad		x		\b, TrackLngthTbl %#16.16llx
# TrackTypeTable
#>0x705		ubequad		x		\b, TrackTypeTable %#16.16llx
# Address mark timing
#>0x905		ubequad		x		\b, Address mark timing %#16.16llx
# Track fragment
#>0x2905 ubequad			!0		\b, Track fragment %#16.16llx
# Track data
#>0x4000		ubequad		!0		\b, Track data %#16.16llx

# ReFS
# Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
0	string	\0\0\0ReFS\0	ReFS filesystem image

# EFW encase image file format:
# Gregoire Passault
# http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Encase_image_file_format
0	string	EVF\x09\x0d\x0a\xff\x00	EWF/Expert Witness/EnCase image file format

# UBIfs
# Linux kernel sources: fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h
0	lelong	0x06101831
>0x16	leshort	0		UBIfs image
>0x08	lequad	x		\b, sequence number %llu
>0x10	leshort x		\b, length %u
>0x04	lelong	x		\b, CRC %#08x

0	lelong	0x23494255
>0x04	leshort	<2
>0x05	string	\0\0\0
>0x1c	string	\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>0x04	leshort	x		UBI image, version %u

# NEC PC-88 2D disk image
# From Fabio R. Schmidlin <sd-snatcher@users.sourceforge.net>
0x20		ulelong&0xFFFFFEFF	0x2A0
>0x10		string			\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>>0x280		string			\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>>>0x1A		ubyte&0xEF		0
>>>>0x1B	ubyte&0x8F		0
>>>>>0x1B	ubyte&70		<0x40
>>>>>>0x1C	ulelong			>0x21
>>>>>>>0	regex	[[:print:]]*	NEC PC-88 disk image, name=%s
>>>>>>>>0x1B	ubyte	0		\b, media=2D
>>>>>>>>0x1B	ubyte	0x10		\b, media=2DD
>>>>>>>>0x1B	ubyte	0x20		\b, media=2HD
>>>>>>>>0x1B	ubyte	0x30		\b, media=1D
>>>>>>>>0x1B	ubyte	0x40		\b, media=1DD
>>>>>>>>0x1A	ubyte	0x10		\b, write-protected

# HDD Raw Copy Tool disk image, file extension: .imgc
# From Benjamin Vanheuverzwijn <bvanheu@gmail.com>
0	pstring	HDD\ Raw\ Copy\ Tool	%s
>0x100	pstring	x			%s
>0x200	pstring	x			- HD model: %s
#>0x300	pstring	x			unknown %s
>0x400	pstring	x			serial: %s
#>0x500	pstring	x			unknown: %s
!:ext	imgc

# http://martin.hinner.info/fs/bfs/bfs-structure.html
0	lelong	0x1BADFACE		SCO UnixWare BFS filesystem

# https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/the-beos-filesystem/
32	lelong	0x42465331		BE/OS BFS1 filesystem
>36	lelong	x			\b, byte order %d
>40	lelong	x			\b, block size %d
>44	lelong	x			\b, block shift %d
>48	lequad	x			\b, total blocks %lld
>56	lequad	x			\b, used blocks %lld


0	name next
>0	lelong	x			\b, size %d
>4	string	x			\b, label %s

# https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOStorageFamily/IOStorageFamily-44.3\
# /IONeXTPartitionScheme.h
0	string	NeXT			NeXT version 1 disklabel
>12	use next
0	string	dlV1			NeXT version 2 disklabel
>12	use next
0	string	dlV2			NeXT version 3 disklabel
>12	use next

# bcachefs
# From: Thomas Wei�schuh <thomas@t-8ch.de>

0	name	bcachefs-uuid
>0	ubelong		x	\b%08x
>4	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
>6	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
>8	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
>10	ubelong		x	\b-%08x
>14	ubeshort	x	\b%04x

0x1018		string		\xc6\x85\x73\xf6\x4e\x1a\x45\xca\x82\x65\xf5\x7f\x48\xba\x6d\x81	bcachefs
>0x1068		lequad		8	\b, UUID=
>>0x1038	use		bcachefs-uuid
>>0x1048	string		>0	\b, label "%.32s"
>>0x1010	uleshort	x	\b, version %u
>>0x1012	uleshort	x	\b, min version %u
>>0x107a	byte		x	\b, device %d
# assumes the first field is the members field
>>0x12f4	ulelong		0x01	\b/UUID=
>>>0x12f0	default		x
>>>&(0x107a.b*56)	use	bcachefs-uuid
>>0x107b	byte		x	\b, %d devices
>>0x1090	byte		^0x02	\b (unclean)

# EROFS
# https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xiang/erofs-utils/\
# +/refs/heads/experimental/include/erofs_fs.h#12
1024		lelong		0xE0F5E1E2	EROFS filesystem
#>1028		lelong		x		\b, checksum=%#x
>1032		lelong		>0		\b, compat:
>>1032		lelong		&1		SB_CHKSUM
>>1032		lelong		&2		MTIME
>1036		byte		x		\b, blocksize=%u
>1037		byte		x		\b, exslots=%u
#>1038		leshort		x		\b, root_nid=%d
#>1040		lequad		x		\b, inodes=%ld
#>1048		leldate		x		\b, build_time=%s
#>1056		lelong		x		\b.%d
#>1060		lelong		x		\b, blocks=%d
#>1064		lelong		x		\b, metadata@%#x
#>1068		lelong		x		\b, xattr@%#x
>1072		guid		x		\b, uuid=%s
>1088		string		>0		\b, name=%s
>1104		lelong		>0		\b, incompat:
>>1104		lelong		&1		LZ4_0PADDING
>>1104		lelong		&2		BIG_PCLUSTER
>>1104		lelong		&4		CHUNKED_FILE
>>1104		lelong		&8		DEVICE_TABLE
>>1104		lelong		&16		ZTAILPACKING