1503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3503609a9SYuri Pankov 4503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5503609a9SYuri Pankov# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6503609a9SYuri Pankov# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7503609a9SYuri Pankov# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8503609a9SYuri Pankov 9dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 10503609a9SYuri Pankov# 11503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13503609a9SYuri Pankov# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16dafc4501SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17dafc4501SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 18503609a9SYuri Pankov# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19503609a9SYuri Pankov# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22503609a9SYuri Pankov# 23503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found in the UCLA library. 26503609a9SYuri Pankov# 27503609a9SYuri Pankov# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30503609a9SYuri Pankov# 31503609a9SYuri Pankov# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32503609a9SYuri Pankov# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33503609a9SYuri Pankov# 34dafc4501SDan McDonald# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35dafc4501SDan McDonald# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36503609a9SYuri Pankov# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37dafc4501SDan McDonald# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38dafc4501SDan McDonald# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39dafc4501SDan McDonald# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40dafc4501SDan McDonald# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41dafc4501SDan McDonald# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42503609a9SYuri Pankov# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43503609a9SYuri Pankov# 44dafc4501SDan McDonald# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45dafc4501SDan McDonald# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46dafc4501SDan McDonald# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47dafc4501SDan McDonald# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48dafc4501SDan McDonald# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49dafc4501SDan McDonald# +01 WAT West Africa Time 50dafc4501SDan McDonald# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51dafc4501SDan McDonald# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52dafc4501SDan McDonald# cannot now come up with solid citations. 53503609a9SYuri Pankov# 54503609a9SYuri Pankov# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 55dafc4501SDan McDonald# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 56dafc4501SDan McDonald# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 57dafc4501SDan McDonald# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58dafc4501SDan McDonald# +03 EAT East Africa Time 59dafc4501SDan McDonald# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 60dafc4501SDan McDonald# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61503609a9SYuri Pankov 62503609a9SYuri Pankov# Algeria 63503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 65503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 66503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 67503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 68503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 69503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 71503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 73503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 74503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 75503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 76503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 77503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 78503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 79503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 80503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 81503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 82503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 83503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 84503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 85503609a9SYuri PankovRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 86503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 87503609a9SYuri Pankov# more precise 0:09:21. 88503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 90503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 99503609a9SYuri Pankov 100503609a9SYuri Pankov# Angola 101503609a9SYuri Pankov# Benin 102503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 103503609a9SYuri Pankov 104503609a9SYuri Pankov# Botswana 105503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Maputo. 106503609a9SYuri Pankov 107503609a9SYuri Pankov# Burkina Faso 108503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 109503609a9SYuri Pankov 110503609a9SYuri Pankov# Burundi 111503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Maputo. 112503609a9SYuri Pankov 113503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cameroon 114503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 115503609a9SYuri Pankov 116dafc4501SDan McDonald# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 117503609a9SYuri Pankov# 118dafc4501SDan McDonald# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 119503609a9SYuri Pankov# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 120dafc4501SDan McDonald# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 121503609a9SYuri Pankov# merely made it official? 122503609a9SYuri Pankov# 123503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124503609a9SYuri PankovZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 125dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 126dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 127dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 128dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 - -01 129503609a9SYuri Pankov 130503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central African Republic 131503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 132503609a9SYuri Pankov 133503609a9SYuri Pankov# Chad 134503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 136503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 137503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 138503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - WAT 139503609a9SYuri Pankov 140503609a9SYuri Pankov# Comoros 141503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 142503609a9SYuri Pankov 143503609a9SYuri Pankov# Democratic Republic of the Congo 144503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 145503609a9SYuri Pankov 146503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republic of the Congo 147503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 148503609a9SYuri Pankov 149503609a9SYuri Pankov# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 150503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 152503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 153503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 154503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 155503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 156503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 157503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 158503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 159503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 160503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 161503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 162503609a9SYuri Pankov 163503609a9SYuri Pankov# Djibouti 164503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 165503609a9SYuri Pankov 166503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 167503609a9SYuri Pankov 168503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt 169503609a9SYuri Pankov 170503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 171503609a9SYuri Pankov# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 172503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 173503609a9SYuri Pankov# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 174503609a9SYuri Pankov 175503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 176503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 177503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 178503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 179503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 180503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 181503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 182503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 183503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 184503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 185503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 186503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 187503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 188503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 189503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 190503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 191503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 192503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 193503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 194503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 196503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 197503609a9SYuri Pankov 198503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 199503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 200503609a9SYuri Pankov# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 201503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 202503609a9SYuri Pankov# 203503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 204503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 205503609a9SYuri Pankov# or 206503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 207503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 208503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 209503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 210503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 211503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 212503609a9SYuri Pankov# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 213503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 214503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 215503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 216503609a9SYuri Pankov# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 217503609a9SYuri Pankov# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 218503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 219503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 220b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 221503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 222503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 223503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 224503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 225503609a9SYuri Pankov# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 226503609a9SYuri Pankov# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 227503609a9SYuri Pankov# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 228503609a9SYuri Pankov# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 229503609a9SYuri Pankov# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 230503609a9SYuri Pankov# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 231503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 232503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 233503609a9SYuri Pankov 234503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 235503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 236503609a9SYuri Pankov# 237503609a9SYuri Pankov# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 238503609a9SYuri Pankov# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 239503609a9SYuri Pankov# Apr 23 240503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 241503609a9SYuri Pankov# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 242503609a9SYuri Pankov# Apr 24 243503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 244503609a9SYuri Pankov# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 245503609a9SYuri Pankov# Aug 27 246503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 247503609a9SYuri Pankov# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 248503609a9SYuri Pankov# Aug 27 249503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 250503609a9SYuri Pankov# 251503609a9SYuri Pankov# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 252503609a9SYuri Pankov# :59) 253503609a9SYuri Pankov# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 254503609a9SYuri Pankov# 255503609a9SYuri Pankov# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 256503609a9SYuri Pankov# 257503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 258b654b02dSYuri Pankov# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 259b654b02dSYuri Pankov# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 260503609a9SYuri Pankov 261503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 262503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 263503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 264503609a9SYuri Pankov# in September. 265503609a9SYuri Pankov 266503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 267503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 268503609a9SYuri Pankov# Information and Decision Support Center: 269b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 270503609a9SYuri Pankov# 271503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Middle East News Agency 272b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 273503609a9SYuri Pankov# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 274503609a9SYuri Pankov# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 275503609a9SYuri Pankov# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 276503609a9SYuri Pankov# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 277503609a9SYuri Pankov# (at least today). 278503609a9SYuri Pankov 279503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 280503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 281503609a9SYuri Pankov# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 282503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ramadan. 283503609a9SYuri Pankov# 284503609a9SYuri Pankov# Arabic translation: 285503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 286503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 287503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 288503609a9SYuri Pankov 289503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 290503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 291503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 292503609a9SYuri Pankov 293503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 294503609a9SYuri Pankov# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 295503609a9SYuri Pankov 296503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 297503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 298503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 299503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 300503609a9SYuri Pankov# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 301503609a9SYuri Pankov# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 302503609a9SYuri Pankov# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 303503609a9SYuri Pankov# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 304503609a9SYuri Pankov# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 305503609a9SYuri Pankov# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 306503609a9SYuri Pankov# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 307503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 308503609a9SYuri Pankov 309503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 310503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 311503609a9SYuri Pankov# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 312503609a9SYuri Pankov# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 313503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 314503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 315503609a9SYuri Pankov 316503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 317503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 318503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 319503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 320503609a9SYuri Pankov# dates not yet announced.... 321503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 322b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 323503609a9SYuri Pankov 324503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 325503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 326503609a9SYuri Pankov# least for 2015. 327503609a9SYuri Pankov# 328503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 329503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 330503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 331503609a9SYuri Pankov# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 332503609a9SYuri Pankov# practice altogether in future years." 333503609a9SYuri Pankov# 334503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 335503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 336503609a9SYuri Pankov# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 337503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 338503609a9SYuri Pankov 339503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 340503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 341503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 342503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 343503609a9SYuri Pankov# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 344503609a9SYuri Pankov 345503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 346503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 347503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 348503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 349503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 350503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 351503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 352503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 353503609a9SYuri PankovRule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354503609a9SYuri Pankov 355503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 357503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 358503609a9SYuri Pankov 359503609a9SYuri Pankov# Equatorial Guinea 360503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 361503609a9SYuri Pankov 362503609a9SYuri Pankov# Eritrea 363503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ethiopia 364503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 365503609a9SYuri Pankov 366503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gabon 367503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 368503609a9SYuri Pankov 369503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gambia 370503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 371503609a9SYuri Pankov 372503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ghana 373503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 374503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 375503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 376503609a9SYuri Pankov# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 377503609a9SYuri Pankov# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 378503609a9SYuri Pankov# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 379503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 380503609a9SYuri PankovRule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 381503609a9SYuri PankovRule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 382503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 384dafc4501SDan McDonald 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 385503609a9SYuri Pankov 386503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guinea 387503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 388503609a9SYuri Pankov 389503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guinea-Bissau 390503609a9SYuri Pankov# 391503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 392503609a9SYuri Pankov# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 393dafc4501SDan McDonald# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 394503609a9SYuri Pankov# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 395503609a9SYuri Pankov# 396503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 398dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 - -01 1975 399503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 400503609a9SYuri Pankov 401503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kenya 402503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 404503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - EAT 1930 405dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:30 - +0230 1940 406dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:45 - +0245 1960 407503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - EAT 408503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 409503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 410503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 411503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 412503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 413503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 414503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 415503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 416503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 417503609a9SYuri Pankov 418503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lesotho 419503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Johannesburg. 420503609a9SYuri Pankov 421503609a9SYuri Pankov# Liberia 422dafc4501SDan McDonald# 423dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 424dafc4501SDan McDonald# 425dafc4501SDan McDonald# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 426dafc4501SDan McDonald# 427*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 428dafc4501SDan McDonald# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 429dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 430dafc4501SDan McDonald# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 431dafc4501SDan McDonald# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 432dafc4501SDan McDonald# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 433dafc4501SDan McDonald# 434dafc4501SDan McDonald# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 435dafc4501SDan McDonald# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 436dafc4501SDan McDonald# 437503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 439503609a9SYuri Pankov -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 440dafc4501SDan McDonald -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 441503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 442503609a9SYuri Pankov 443503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 444503609a9SYuri Pankov 445503609a9SYuri Pankov# Libya 446503609a9SYuri Pankov 447503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 448503609a9SYuri Pankov# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 449b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 450503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 451503609a9SYuri Pankov# 452503609a9SYuri Pankov# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 453b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 454503609a9SYuri Pankov# 455503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 456503609a9SYuri Pankov# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 457503609a9SYuri Pankov# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 458503609a9SYuri Pankov# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 459503609a9SYuri Pankov# lastFri instead of lastSun). 460503609a9SYuri Pankov 461503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 462503609a9SYuri Pankov# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 463503609a9SYuri Pankov# cancelled yesterday.... 464b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 465503609a9SYuri Pankov# 466503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 467503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 468503609a9SYuri Pankov 469503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 470503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 471503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 472503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 473503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 475503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 476503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 477503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 478503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 479503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 480503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 481503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 482503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 483503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 484503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 485503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 486503609a9SYuri PankovRule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 487503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 489503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 490503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1982 491503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 492503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 493503609a9SYuri Pankov# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 494503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 495503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 496503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 497503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 498503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 499503609a9SYuri Pankov 500503609a9SYuri Pankov# Madagascar 501503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 502503609a9SYuri Pankov 503503609a9SYuri Pankov# Malawi 504503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Maputo. 505503609a9SYuri Pankov 506503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mali 507503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mauritania 508503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 509503609a9SYuri Pankov 510503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mauritius 511503609a9SYuri Pankov 512503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 513503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 514503609a9SYuri Pankov# basis.... 515503609a9SYuri Pankov# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 516503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 517b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 518503609a9SYuri Pankov 519503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 520503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 521503609a9SYuri Pankov 522503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 523503609a9SYuri Pankov# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 524503609a9SYuri Pankov# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 525503609a9SYuri Pankov# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 526503609a9SYuri Pankov 527503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 528503609a9SYuri Pankov# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 529503609a9SYuri Pankov 530503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 531503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to 532503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 533503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 534503609a9SYuri Pankov# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 535503609a9SYuri Pankov# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 536503609a9SYuri Pankov# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 537503609a9SYuri Pankov# 538503609a9SYuri Pankov# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 539503609a9SYuri Pankov# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 540503609a9SYuri Pankov# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 541503609a9SYuri Pankov# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 542503609a9SYuri Pankov# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 543503609a9SYuri Pankov# changes two days later. 544503609a9SYuri Pankov 545503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 546503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 547503609a9SYuri Pankov# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 548503609a9SYuri Pankov# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 549503609a9SYuri Pankov# 550503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 551503609a9SYuri Pankov# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 552503609a9SYuri Pankov# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 553503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 554503609a9SYuri Pankov 555503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 556503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Government of Mauritius weblink 557503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 558503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 559503609a9SYuri Pankov# 560503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 561503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 562503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 563503609a9SYuri Pankov# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 564503609a9SYuri Pankov# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 565503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 566503609a9SYuri Pankov# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 567503609a9SYuri Pankov# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 568503609a9SYuri Pankov# and end on 29 March 2009. 569503609a9SYuri Pankov 570503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 571503609a9SYuri Pankov# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 572503609a9SYuri Pankov# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 573503609a9SYuri Pankov# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 574503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 575503609a9SYuri Pankov 576503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 577503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 578503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST the coming summer... 579503609a9SYuri Pankov# 580503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some sources, in French: 581503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 582503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 583503609a9SYuri Pankov# 584503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our wrap-up: 585b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 586503609a9SYuri Pankov 587503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 588503609a9SYuri Pankov# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 589503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 590503609a9SYuri Pankov# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 591503609a9SYuri Pankov 592503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 593503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 594503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 595503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 596503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 597503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598503609a9SYuri PankovZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 599dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 600503609a9SYuri Pankov# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 601503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 602503609a9SYuri Pankov 603503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mayotte 604503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 605503609a9SYuri Pankov 606503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco 607503609a9SYuri Pankov# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 608503609a9SYuri Pankov 609503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 610503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 611503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 612503609a9SYuri Pankov# 613503609a9SYuri Pankov# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 614503609a9SYuri Pankov# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 615503609a9SYuri Pankov# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 616503609a9SYuri Pankov# 617b654b02dSYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 618503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 619503609a9SYuri Pankov 620503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 621503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 622503609a9SYuri Pankov# Presse: 623503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 624503609a9SYuri Pankov# 625503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 626503609a9SYuri Pankov# spokesman. 627503609a9SYuri Pankov 628503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 629503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to this article: 630b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 631503609a9SYuri Pankov# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 632503609a9SYuri Pankov# the changes occur at midnight: 633503609a9SYuri Pankov# 634503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 635503609a9SYuri Pankov# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 636503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 637503609a9SYuri Pankov# 638503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 639503609a9SYuri Pankov# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 640503609a9SYuri Pankov# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 641503609a9SYuri Pankov# June 1st to Sept 27th. 642503609a9SYuri Pankov# 643503609a9SYuri Pankov# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 644503609a9SYuri Pankov# published on the web. 645503609a9SYuri Pankov# 646503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's also confirmed here: 647503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 648503609a9SYuri Pankov# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 649503609a9SYuri Pankov# posted in English). 650503609a9SYuri Pankov# 651503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 652b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 653503609a9SYuri Pankov 654503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 655503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 656503609a9SYuri Pankov# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 657503609a9SYuri Pankov# of September: 658503609a9SYuri Pankov# 659503609a9SYuri Pankov# One article about it (in French): 660503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 661503609a9SYuri Pankov# 662503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have some further details posted here: 663b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 664503609a9SYuri Pankov 665503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 666503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 667503609a9SYuri Pankov# to many sources, such as 668503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 669503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 670503609a9SYuri Pankov# (French) 671503609a9SYuri Pankov# 672503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our summary: 673b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 674503609a9SYuri Pankov 675503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 676503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 677503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 678503609a9SYuri Pankov# 679503609a9SYuri Pankov# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 680503609a9SYuri Pankov# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 681503609a9SYuri Pankov# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 682503609a9SYuri Pankov# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 683503609a9SYuri Pankov# 684503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 685503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 686503609a9SYuri Pankov 687503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 688503609a9SYuri Pankov# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 689503609a9SYuri Pankov# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 690503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 691503609a9SYuri Pankov# 692503609a9SYuri Pankov# Example: 693503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 694503609a9SYuri Pankov# (French) 695503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our page: 696b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 697503609a9SYuri Pankov 698503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 699503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 700503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 701503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 702503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...Official links of change in morocco 703503609a9SYuri Pankov# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 704503609a9SYuri Pankov# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 705503609a9SYuri Pankov# +212.537.71.84.00 706503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 707503609a9SYuri Pankov# They said that 708503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 709503609a9SYuri Pankov# is the official publication to look at. 710503609a9SYuri Pankov# They said that the decision was already taken. 711503609a9SYuri Pankov# 712503609a9SYuri Pankov# More articles in the press 713b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 714503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 715503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 716503609a9SYuri Pankov 717503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 718503609a9SYuri Pankov# They have it written in English here: 719503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 720503609a9SYuri Pankov# 721503609a9SYuri Pankov# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 722503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 723503609a9SYuri Pankov# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 724503609a9SYuri Pankov# also been like that in the past. 725503609a9SYuri Pankov 726503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 727503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 728503609a9SYuri Pankov# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 729503609a9SYuri Pankov# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 730503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 731503609a9SYuri Pankov# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 732503609a9SYuri Pankov# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 733503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 734503609a9SYuri Pankov# except the month of Ramadan. 735503609a9SYuri Pankov# or (brief) 736503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 737503609a9SYuri Pankov 738503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 739503609a9SYuri Pankov# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 740503609a9SYuri Pankov# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 741503609a9SYuri Pankov# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 742503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 743503609a9SYuri Pankov# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 744503609a9SYuri Pankov 745503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 746503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seen Morocco change again: 747503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 748503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 749503609a9SYuri Pankov# comme annoncé précédemment." 750503609a9SYuri Pankov 751503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 752503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 753503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 754503609a9SYuri Pankov# 755503609a9SYuri Pankov# Google translation, lightly edited: 756503609a9SYuri Pankov# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 757503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 758503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 759503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 760503609a9SYuri Pankov# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 761503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 762503609a9SYuri Pankov# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 763503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 764503609a9SYuri Pankov# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 765503609a9SYuri Pankov 766503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 767503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 768503609a9SYuri Pankov# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 769503609a9SYuri Pankov# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 770503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 771503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 772503609a9SYuri Pankov 773503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 774503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 775503609a9SYuri Pankov# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 776503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 777503609a9SYuri Pankov 778503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 779503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 780503609a9SYuri Pankov# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 781503609a9SYuri Pankov# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 782503609a9SYuri Pankov# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 783503609a9SYuri Pankov# source (French): 784503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 785503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 786503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 787503609a9SYuri Pankov 788503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 789503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 790503609a9SYuri Pankov 791503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 792503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 793503609a9SYuri Pankov# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 794503609a9SYuri Pankov# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 795503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 796503609a9SYuri Pankov 797503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 798503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 799503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 800503609a9SYuri Pankov# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 801503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 802503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 803503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 804503609a9SYuri Pankov# Source (french): 805b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 806503609a9SYuri Pankov# 807503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 808503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 809503609a9SYuri Pankov# 810503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 811503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 812503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 813503609a9SYuri Pankov# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 814b654b02dSYuri Pankov# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 815503609a9SYuri Pankov# with the patch. 816503609a9SYuri Pankov 817503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 818503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 819503609a9SYuri Pankov# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 820503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 821503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 822503609a9SYuri Pankov# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 823503609a9SYuri Pankov# results integrated by hand into the table below. 824503609a9SYuri Pankov# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 825503609a9SYuri Pankov# (require 'cal-islam) 826503609a9SYuri Pankov# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 827503609a9SYuri Pankov# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 828503609a9SYuri Pankov# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 829503609a9SYuri Pankov# (sunday 0)) 830503609a9SYuri Pankov# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 831503609a9SYuri Pankov# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 832503609a9SYuri Pankov# (setq b (1+ b))) 833503609a9SYuri Pankov# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 834503609a9SYuri Pankov# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 835503609a9SYuri Pankov# (insert 836503609a9SYuri Pankov# (format 837503609a9SYuri Pankov# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 838503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 839503609a9SYuri Pankov# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 840503609a9SYuri Pankov# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 841503609a9SYuri Pankov# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 842503609a9SYuri Pankov 843503609a9SYuri Pankov# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 844503609a9SYuri Pankov 845503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 846503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 847503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 848503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 849503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 850503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 851503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 852503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 853503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 854503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 855503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 856503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 857503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 858503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 859503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 860503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 861503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 862503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 863503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 864503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 865503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 866503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 867503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 868503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 869503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 870503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 871503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 872503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 873503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 874503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 875503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 876503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 877503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 878503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 879503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 880503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 881503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 882503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 883503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 884503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 885503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 886503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 887503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 888503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 889503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 890503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 891503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 892503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 893503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 894503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 895503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 896503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 897503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 898503609a9SYuri PankovRule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 899503609a9SYuri Pankov 900503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 902503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 903503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1986 904503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 905503609a9SYuri Pankov 906503609a9SYuri Pankov# Western Sahara 907503609a9SYuri Pankov# 908503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 909503609a9SYuri Pankov# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 910503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 911503609a9SYuri Pankov# Morocco does. 912503609a9SYuri Pankov# 913503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 914503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 915503609a9SYuri Pankov# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 916503609a9SYuri Pankov 917503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 918dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 919503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 920503609a9SYuri Pankov 921503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mozambique 922503609a9SYuri Pankov# 923503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 924503609a9SYuri Pankov# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 925dafc4501SDan McDonald# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 926503609a9SYuri Pankov# merely made it official? 927503609a9SYuri Pankov# 928503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 929503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 930503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - CAT 931503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 932503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 933503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 934503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 935503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 936503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 937503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 938503609a9SYuri Pankov 939b654b02dSYuri Pankov 940503609a9SYuri Pankov# Namibia 941b654b02dSYuri Pankov 942b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 943b654b02dSYuri Pankov# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 944b654b02dSYuri Pankov# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 945b654b02dSYuri Pankov# and includes this nugget: 946b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 947b654b02dSYuri Pankov# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 948b654b02dSYuri Pankov# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 949b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Sunday 4 September 1994. 950503609a9SYuri Pankov 951503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 952503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 953503609a9SYuri Pankov# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 954503609a9SYuri Pankov# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 955503609a9SYuri Pankov# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 956503609a9SYuri Pankov# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 957503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 958503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the country. 959503609a9SYuri Pankov# 960dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 961dafc4501SDan McDonald# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 962dafc4501SDan McDonald# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 963dafc4501SDan McDonald# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 964dafc4501SDan McDonald# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 965b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 966b654b02dSYuri Pankov 967b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 968b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 969b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 970b654b02dSYuri Pankov# This video is from the government decision: 971b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 972b654b02dSYuri Pankov# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 973b654b02dSYuri Pankov# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 974b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 975503609a9SYuri Pankov 976503609a9SYuri Pankov# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 977b654b02dSYuri PankovRule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 978b654b02dSYuri PankovRule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 979b654b02dSYuri PankovRule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 980503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 981503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 982dafc4501SDan McDonald 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 983503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 984503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 985503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 986b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 987b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 988b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 - CAT 989503609a9SYuri Pankov 990503609a9SYuri Pankov# Niger 991503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Lagos. 992503609a9SYuri Pankov 993503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nigeria 994503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 995503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 996503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - WAT 997503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 998503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 999503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1000503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1001503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1002503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1003503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1004503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1005503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1006503609a9SYuri Pankov 1007503609a9SYuri Pankov# Réunion 1008503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1009503609a9SYuri PankovZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1010dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1011503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1012503609a9SYuri Pankov# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1013503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1014503609a9SYuri Pankov# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1015503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following information about them is taken from 1016503609a9SYuri Pankov# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1017503609a9SYuri Pankov# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1018503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1019503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1020503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1021503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1022503609a9SYuri Pankov# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1023503609a9SYuri Pankov# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1024503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1025503609a9SYuri Pankov 1026503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rwanda 1027503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Maputo. 1028503609a9SYuri Pankov 1029503609a9SYuri Pankov# St Helena 1030503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 1031503609a9SYuri Pankov# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1032503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1033503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1034503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1035503609a9SYuri Pankov# on GMT, says the CIA 1036503609a9SYuri Pankov# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1037503609a9SYuri Pankov 1038503609a9SYuri Pankov# São Tomé and Príncipe 1039*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov 1040*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1041*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1042*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# they entered the year 2018. 1043*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1044*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1045*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1046*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov 1047*4b8ee424SYuri PankovZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1048*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1049*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1050*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov 1:00 - WAT 1051*4b8ee424SYuri Pankov 1052503609a9SYuri Pankov# Senegal 1053503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 1054503609a9SYuri Pankov 1055503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seychelles 1056503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1057503609a9SYuri PankovZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1058dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1059503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1060503609a9SYuri Pankov# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1061503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1062503609a9SYuri Pankov# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1063503609a9SYuri Pankov# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1064503609a9SYuri Pankov# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1065503609a9SYuri Pankov 1066503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sierra Leone 1067503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 1068503609a9SYuri Pankov 1069503609a9SYuri Pankov# Somalia 1070503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 1071503609a9SYuri Pankov 1072503609a9SYuri Pankov# South Africa 1073503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074503609a9SYuri PankovRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1075503609a9SYuri PankovRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1076503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1078503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1079503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 SA SAST 1080503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1081503609a9SYuri PankovLink Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1082503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1083503609a9SYuri Pankov# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1084503609a9SYuri Pankov# scientific station since 1947 1085503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information 1086503609a9SYuri Pankov 1087503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sudan 1088b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1089503609a9SYuri Pankov# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1090503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1091503609a9SYuri Pankov# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1092503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1093503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1094503609a9SYuri Pankov# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1095b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1096b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1097b654b02dSYuri Pankov# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1098b654b02dSYuri Pankov# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1099503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1100b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1101b654b02dSYuri Pankov# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1102b654b02dSYuri Pankov# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1103b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1104b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1105b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1106503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1107503609a9SYuri PankovRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1108503609a9SYuri PankovRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1109503609a9SYuri PankovRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1110503609a9SYuri PankovRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1111503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1112503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1113503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1114b654b02dSYuri Pankov 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1115b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 - CAT 1116503609a9SYuri Pankov 1117503609a9SYuri Pankov# South Sudan 1118b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1119b654b02dSYuri PankovZone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1120b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1121b654b02dSYuri Pankov 3:00 - EAT 1122503609a9SYuri Pankov 1123503609a9SYuri Pankov# Swaziland 1124503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1125503609a9SYuri Pankov 1126503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tanzania 1127503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 1128503609a9SYuri Pankov 1129503609a9SYuri Pankov# Togo 1130503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Abidjan. 1131503609a9SYuri Pankov 1132503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tunisia 1133503609a9SYuri Pankov 1134503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1135503609a9SYuri Pankov# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1136503609a9SYuri Pankov# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1137503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1138503609a9SYuri Pankov# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1139503609a9SYuri Pankov# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1140503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1141503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday." (My translation) 1142503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1143503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1144503609a9SYuri Pankov# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1145503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1146503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1147503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1h standard time. 1148503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1149503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1150503609a9SYuri Pankov# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1151503609a9SYuri Pankov# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1152503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1153503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1154503609a9SYuri Pankov 1155503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1156503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1157503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Arabic) 1158503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1159b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1160503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1161503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1162503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1163b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1164503609a9SYuri Pankov 1165503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1166503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1167503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1168503609a9SYuri Pankov# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1169503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1170503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in English) 1171503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1172503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1173503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 1174503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1175503609a9SYuri Pankov 1176503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1177503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1178503609a9SYuri Pankov# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1179503609a9SYuri Pankov# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1180503609a9SYuri Pankov# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1181503609a9SYuri Pankov# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1182503609a9SYuri Pankov 1183503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1184503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1185503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1186503609a9SYuri Pankov# (translation): 1187503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1188503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sunday... 1189503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1190503609a9SYuri Pankov# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1191503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1192503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 1193503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1194503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1195503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1196503609a9SYuri Pankov 1197503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1198503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1199503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1200503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1201503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1202503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1203503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1204503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1205503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1206503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1207503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1208503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1209503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1210503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1211503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1212503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1213503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1214503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1215503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1216503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1217503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1218503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1219503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1220503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1221503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1222503609a9SYuri PankovRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1223503609a9SYuri Pankov 1224503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1225503609a9SYuri Pankov# more precise 0:09:21. 1226503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1227503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1228503609a9SYuri PankovZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1229503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1230503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1231503609a9SYuri Pankov 1232503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uganda 1233503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Nairobi. 1234503609a9SYuri Pankov 1235503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zambia 1236503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zimbabwe 1237503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Africa/Maputo. 1238