xref: /minix/bin/sh/jobs.c (revision 9f988b79)
1 /*	$NetBSD: jobs.c,v 1.71 2012/12/31 14:10:15 dsl Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Kenneth Almquist.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)jobs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: jobs.c,v 1.71 2012/12/31 14:10:15 dsl Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <fcntl.h>
45 #include <signal.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 #include <stdlib.h>
49 #include <paths.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/param.h>
52 #ifdef BSD
53 #include <sys/wait.h>
54 #include <sys/time.h>
55 #include <sys/resource.h>
56 #endif
57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
58 
59 #include "shell.h"
60 #if JOBS
61 #if OLD_TTY_DRIVER
62 #include "sgtty.h"
63 #else
64 #include <termios.h>
65 #endif
66 #undef CEOF			/* syntax.h redefines this */
67 #endif
68 #include "redir.h"
69 #include "show.h"
70 #include "main.h"
71 #include "parser.h"
72 #include "nodes.h"
73 #include "jobs.h"
74 #include "options.h"
75 #include "builtins.h"
76 #include "trap.h"
77 #include "syntax.h"
78 #include "input.h"
79 #include "output.h"
80 #include "memalloc.h"
81 #include "error.h"
82 #include "mystring.h"
83 
84 
85 static struct job *jobtab;		/* array of jobs */
86 static int njobs;			/* size of array */
87 static int jobs_invalid;		/* set in child */
88 MKINIT pid_t backgndpid = -1;	/* pid of last background process */
89 #if JOBS
90 int initialpgrp;		/* pgrp of shell on invocation */
91 static int curjob = -1;		/* current job */
92 #endif
93 #if JOBS && defined(__minix)
94 static int ttyfd = -1;
95 #endif /* JOBS && defined(__minix) */
96 
97 STATIC void restartjob(struct job *);
98 STATIC void freejob(struct job *);
99 STATIC struct job *getjob(const char *, int);
100 STATIC int dowait(int, struct job *);
101 #define WBLOCK	1
102 #define WNOFREE 2
103 STATIC int waitproc(int, struct job *, int *);
104 STATIC void cmdtxt(union node *);
105 STATIC void cmdlist(union node *, int);
106 STATIC void cmdputs(const char *);
107 
108 #ifdef SYSV
109 STATIC int onsigchild(void);
110 #endif
111 
112 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
113 static pid_t tcgetpgrp(int fd);
114 static int tcsetpgrp(int fd, pid_t pgrp);
115 
116 static pid_t
117 tcgetpgrp(int fd)
118 {
119 	pid_t pgrp;
120 	if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGPGRP, (char *)&pgrp) == -1)
121 		return -1;
122 	else
123 		return pgrp;
124 }
125 
126 static int
127 tcsetpgrp(int fd, pid_tpgrp)
128 {
129 	return ioctl(fd, TIOCSPGRP, (char *)&pgrp);
130 }
131 #endif
132 
133 /*
134  * Turn job control on and off.
135  *
136  * Note:  This code assumes that the third arg to ioctl is a character
137  * pointer, which is true on Berkeley systems but not System V.  Since
138  * System V doesn't have job control yet, this isn't a problem now.
139  */
140 
141 MKINIT int jobctl;
142 
143 #if JOBS /* Minix setjobctl is defined to empty, compilation error */
144 void
145 setjobctl(int on)
146 {
147 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
148 	int ldisc;
149 #endif
150 
151 	if (on == jobctl || rootshell == 0)
152 		return;
153 	if (on) {
154 #if defined(FIOCLEX) || defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
155 		int err;
156 		int i;
157 		if (ttyfd != -1)
158 			close(ttyfd);
159 		if ((ttyfd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR)) == -1) {
160 			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
161 				if (isatty(i) && (ttyfd = dup(i)) != -1)
162 					break;
163 			}
164 			if (i == 3)
165 				goto out;
166 		}
167 		/* Move to a high fd */
168 		for (i = 10; i > 2; i--) {
169 			if ((err = fcntl(ttyfd, F_DUPFD, (1 << i) - 1)) != -1)
170 				break;
171 		}
172 		if (err != -1) {
173 			close(ttyfd);
174 			ttyfd = err;
175 		}
176 #ifdef FIOCLEX
177 		err = ioctl(ttyfd, FIOCLEX, 0);
178 #elif FD_CLOEXEC
179 		err = fcntl(ttyfd, F_SETFD,
180 		    fcntl(ttyfd, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
181 #endif
182 		if (err == -1) {
183 			close(ttyfd);
184 			ttyfd = -1;
185 			goto out;
186 		}
187 #else
188 		out2str("sh: Need FIOCLEX or FD_CLOEXEC to support job control");
189 		goto out;
190 #endif
191 		do { /* while we are in the background */
192 			if ((initialpgrp = tcgetpgrp(ttyfd)) < 0) {
193 out:
194 				out2str("sh: can't access tty; job control turned off\n");
195 				mflag = 0;
196 				return;
197 			}
198 			if (initialpgrp == -1)
199 				initialpgrp = getpgrp();
200 			else if (initialpgrp != getpgrp()) {
201 				killpg(0, SIGTTIN);
202 				continue;
203 			}
204 		} while (0);
205 
206 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
207 		if (ioctl(ttyfd, TIOCGETD, (char *)&ldisc) < 0
208 		    || ldisc != NTTYDISC) {
209 			out2str("sh: need new tty driver to run job control; job control turned off\n");
210 			mflag = 0;
211 			return;
212 		}
213 #endif
214 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, 0);
215 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, 0);
216 		setsignal(SIGTTIN, 0);
217 		if (getpgrp() != rootpid && setpgid(0, rootpid) == -1)
218 			error("Cannot set process group (%s) at %d",
219 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
220 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid) == -1)
221 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
222 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
223 	} else { /* turning job control off */
224 		if (getpgrp() != initialpgrp && setpgid(0, initialpgrp) == -1)
225 			error("Cannot set process group (%s) at %d",
226 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
227 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, initialpgrp) == -1)
228 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
229 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
230 		close(ttyfd);
231 		ttyfd = -1;
232 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, 0);
233 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, 0);
234 		setsignal(SIGTTIN, 0);
235 	}
236 	jobctl = on;
237 }
238 #endif /* JOBS */
239 
240 
241 #ifdef mkinit
242 INCLUDE <stdlib.h>
243 
244 SHELLPROC {
245 	backgndpid = -1;
246 #if JOBS
247 	jobctl = 0;
248 #endif
249 }
250 
251 #endif
252 
253 
254 
255 #if JOBS
256 static int
257 do_fgcmd(const char *arg_ptr)
258 {
259 	struct job *jp;
260 	int i;
261 	int status;
262 
263 	jp = getjob(arg_ptr, 0);
264 	if (jp->jobctl == 0)
265 		error("job not created under job control");
266 	out1fmt("%s", jp->ps[0].cmd);
267 	for (i = 1; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
268 		out1fmt(" | %s", jp->ps[i].cmd );
269 	out1c('\n');
270 	flushall();
271 
272 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
273 	    if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, jp->ps[i].pid) != -1)
274 		    break;
275 
276 	if (i >= jp->nprocs) {
277 		error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
278 		    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
279 	}
280 	restartjob(jp);
281 	INTOFF;
282 	status = waitforjob(jp);
283 	INTON;
284 	return status;
285 }
286 
287 int
288 fgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
289 {
290 	nextopt("");
291 	return do_fgcmd(*argptr);
292 }
293 
294 int
295 fgcmd_percent(int argc, char **argv)
296 {
297 	nextopt("");
298 	return do_fgcmd(*argv);
299 }
300 
301 static void
302 set_curjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
303 {
304 	struct job *jp1, *jp2;
305 	int i, ji;
306 
307 	ji = jp - jobtab;
308 
309 	/* first remove from list */
310 	if (ji == curjob)
311 		curjob = jp->prev_job;
312 	else {
313 		for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++) {
314 			if (jobtab[i].prev_job != ji)
315 				continue;
316 			jobtab[i].prev_job = jp->prev_job;
317 			break;
318 		}
319 	}
320 
321 	/* Then re-insert in correct position */
322 	switch (mode) {
323 	case 0:	/* job being deleted */
324 		jp->prev_job = -1;
325 		break;
326 	case 1:	/* newly created job or backgrounded job,
327 		   put after all stopped jobs. */
328 		if (curjob != -1 && jobtab[curjob].state == JOBSTOPPED) {
329 			for (jp1 = jobtab + curjob; ; jp1 = jp2) {
330 				if (jp1->prev_job == -1)
331 					break;
332 				jp2 = jobtab + jp1->prev_job;
333 				if (jp2->state != JOBSTOPPED)
334 					break;
335 			}
336 			jp->prev_job = jp1->prev_job;
337 			jp1->prev_job = ji;
338 			break;
339 		}
340 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
341 	case 2:	/* newly stopped job - becomes curjob */
342 		jp->prev_job = curjob;
343 		curjob = ji;
344 		break;
345 	}
346 }
347 
348 int
349 bgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
350 {
351 	struct job *jp;
352 	int i;
353 
354 	nextopt("");
355 	do {
356 		jp = getjob(*argptr, 0);
357 		if (jp->jobctl == 0)
358 			error("job not created under job control");
359 		set_curjob(jp, 1);
360 		out1fmt("[%ld] %s", (long)(jp - jobtab + 1), jp->ps[0].cmd);
361 		for (i = 1; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
362 			out1fmt(" | %s", jp->ps[i].cmd );
363 		out1c('\n');
364 		flushall();
365 		restartjob(jp);
366 	} while (*argptr && *++argptr);
367 	return 0;
368 }
369 
370 
371 STATIC void
372 restartjob(struct job *jp)
373 {
374 	struct procstat *ps;
375 	int i;
376 
377 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
378 		return;
379 	INTOFF;
380 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
381 		if (killpg(jp->ps[i].pid, SIGCONT) != -1)
382 			break;
383 	if (i >= jp->nprocs)
384 		error("Cannot continue job (%s)", strerror(errno));
385 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
386 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status)) {
387 			ps->status = -1;
388 			jp->state = JOBRUNNING;
389 		}
390 	}
391 	INTON;
392 }
393 #else
394 /* LSC: For Minix add dummy functions. */
395 int
396 fgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
397 {
398 	error("no job control in this shell.");
399 	return 1;
400 }
401 
402 int
403 fgcmd_percent(int argc, char **argv)
404 {
405 	error("no job control in this shell.");
406 	return 1;
407 }
408 
409 
410 int
411 bgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
412 {
413 	error("no job control in this shell.");
414 	return 1;
415 }
416 #endif
417 
418 static void
419 showjob(struct output *out, struct job *jp, int mode)
420 {
421 	int procno;
422 	int st;
423 	struct procstat *ps;
424 	int col;
425 	char s[64];
426 
427 #if JOBS
428 	if (mode & SHOW_PGID) {
429 		/* just output process (group) id of pipeline */
430 		outfmt(out, "%ld\n", (long)jp->ps->pid);
431 		return;
432 	}
433 #endif
434 
435 	procno = jp->nprocs;
436 	if (!procno)
437 		return;
438 
439 	if (mode & SHOW_PID)
440 		mode |= SHOW_MULTILINE;
441 
442 	if ((procno > 1 && !(mode & SHOW_MULTILINE))
443 	    || (mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED)) {
444 		/* See if we have more than one status to report */
445 		ps = jp->ps;
446 		st = ps->status;
447 		do {
448 			int st1 = ps->status;
449 			if (st1 != st)
450 				/* yes - need multi-line output */
451 				mode |= SHOW_MULTILINE;
452 			if (st1 == -1 || !(mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED) || WIFEXITED(st1))
453 				continue;
454 			if (WIFSTOPPED(st1) || ((st1 = WTERMSIG(st1) & 0x7f)
455 			    && st1 != SIGINT && st1 != SIGPIPE))
456 				mode |= SHOW_ISSIG;
457 
458 		} while (ps++, --procno);
459 		procno = jp->nprocs;
460 	}
461 
462 	if (mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED && !(mode & SHOW_ISSIG)) {
463 		if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !(mode & SHOW_NO_FREE)) {
464 			TRACE(("showjob: freeing job %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
465 			freejob(jp);
466 		}
467 		return;
468 	}
469 
470 	for (ps = jp->ps; --procno >= 0; ps++) {	/* for each process */
471 		if (ps == jp->ps)
472 			fmtstr(s, 16, "[%ld] %c ",
473 				(long)(jp - jobtab + 1),
474 #if JOBS
475 				jp == jobtab + curjob ? '+' :
476 				curjob != -1 && jp == jobtab +
477 					    jobtab[curjob].prev_job ? '-' :
478 #endif
479 				' ');
480 		else
481 			fmtstr(s, 16, "      " );
482 		col = strlen(s);
483 		if (mode & SHOW_PID) {
484 			fmtstr(s + col, 16, "%ld ", (long)ps->pid);
485 			     col += strlen(s + col);
486 		}
487 		if (ps->status == -1) {
488 			scopy("Running", s + col);
489 		} else if (WIFEXITED(ps->status)) {
490 			st = WEXITSTATUS(ps->status);
491 			if (st)
492 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Done(%d)", st);
493 			else
494 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Done");
495 		} else {
496 #if JOBS
497 			if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status))
498 				st = WSTOPSIG(ps->status);
499 			else /* WIFSIGNALED(ps->status) */
500 #endif
501 				st = WTERMSIG(ps->status);
502 			st &= 0x7f;
503 			if (st < NSIG && sys_siglist[st])
504 				scopyn(sys_siglist[st], s + col, 32);
505 			else
506 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Signal %d", st);
507 			if (WCOREDUMP(ps->status)) {
508 				col += strlen(s + col);
509 				scopyn(" (core dumped)", s + col,  64 - col);
510 			}
511 		}
512 		col += strlen(s + col);
513 		outstr(s, out);
514 		do {
515 			outc(' ', out);
516 			col++;
517 		} while (col < 30);
518 		outstr(ps->cmd, out);
519 		if (mode & SHOW_MULTILINE) {
520 			if (procno > 0) {
521 				outc(' ', out);
522 				outc('|', out);
523 			}
524 		} else {
525 			while (--procno >= 0)
526 				outfmt(out, " | %s", (++ps)->cmd );
527 		}
528 		outc('\n', out);
529 	}
530 	flushout(out);
531 	jp->changed = 0;
532 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !(mode & SHOW_NO_FREE))
533 		freejob(jp);
534 }
535 
536 
537 int
538 jobscmd(int argc, char **argv)
539 {
540 	int mode, m;
541 	int sv = jobs_invalid;
542 
543 	jobs_invalid = 0;
544 	mode = 0;
545 	while ((m = nextopt("lp")))
546 		if (m == 'l')
547 			mode = SHOW_PID;
548 		else
549 			mode = SHOW_PGID;
550 	if (*argptr)
551 		do
552 			showjob(out1, getjob(*argptr,0), mode);
553 		while (*++argptr);
554 	else
555 		showjobs(out1, mode);
556 	jobs_invalid = sv;
557 	return 0;
558 }
559 
560 
561 /*
562  * Print a list of jobs.  If "change" is nonzero, only print jobs whose
563  * statuses have changed since the last call to showjobs.
564  *
565  * If the shell is interrupted in the process of creating a job, the
566  * result may be a job structure containing zero processes.  Such structures
567  * will be freed here.
568  */
569 
570 void
571 showjobs(struct output *out, int mode)
572 {
573 	int jobno;
574 	struct job *jp;
575 	int silent = 0, gotpid;
576 
577 	TRACE(("showjobs(%x) called\n", mode));
578 
579 	/* If not even one one job changed, there is nothing to do */
580 	gotpid = dowait(0, NULL);
581 	while (dowait(0, NULL) > 0)
582 		continue;
583 #if JOBS /* MINIX: #ifdef fails when JOBS = 0 */
584 	/*
585 	 * Check if we are not in our foreground group, and if not
586 	 * put us in it.
587 	 */
588 	if (mflag && gotpid != -1 && tcgetpgrp(ttyfd) != getpid()) {
589 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, getpid()) == -1)
590 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
591 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
592 		TRACE(("repaired tty process group\n"));
593 		silent = 1;
594 	}
595 #endif
596 	if (jobs_invalid)
597 		return;
598 
599 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab ; jobno <= njobs ; jobno++, jp++) {
600 		if (!jp->used)
601 			continue;
602 		if (jp->nprocs == 0) {
603 			freejob(jp);
604 			continue;
605 		}
606 		if ((mode & SHOW_CHANGED) && !jp->changed)
607 			continue;
608 		if (silent && jp->changed) {
609 			jp->changed = 0;
610 			continue;
611 		}
612 		showjob(out, jp, mode);
613 	}
614 }
615 
616 /*
617  * Mark a job structure as unused.
618  */
619 
620 STATIC void
621 freejob(struct job *jp)
622 {
623 	INTOFF;
624 	if (jp->ps != &jp->ps0) {
625 		ckfree(jp->ps);
626 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
627 	}
628 	jp->nprocs = 0;
629 	jp->used = 0;
630 #if JOBS
631 	set_curjob(jp, 0);
632 #endif
633 	INTON;
634 }
635 
636 
637 
638 int
639 waitcmd(int argc, char **argv)
640 {
641 	struct job *job;
642 	int status, retval;
643 	struct job *jp;
644 
645 	nextopt("");
646 
647 	if (!*argptr) {
648 		/* wait for all jobs */
649 		jp = jobtab;
650 		if (jobs_invalid)
651 			return 0;
652 		for (;;) {
653 			if (jp >= jobtab + njobs) {
654 				/* no running procs */
655 				return 0;
656 			}
657 			if (!jp->used || jp->state != JOBRUNNING) {
658 				jp++;
659 				continue;
660 			}
661 			if (dowait(WBLOCK, NULL) == -1)
662 			       return 128 + SIGINT;
663 			jp = jobtab;
664 		}
665 	}
666 
667 	retval = 127;		/* XXXGCC: -Wuninitialized */
668 	for (; *argptr; argptr++) {
669 		job = getjob(*argptr, 1);
670 		if (!job) {
671 			retval = 127;
672 			continue;
673 		}
674 		/* loop until process terminated or stopped */
675 		while (job->state == JOBRUNNING) {
676 			if (dowait(WBLOCK|WNOFREE, job) == -1)
677 			       return 128 + SIGINT;
678 		}
679 		status = job->ps[job->nprocs - 1].status;
680 		if (WIFEXITED(status))
681 			retval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
682 #if JOBS
683 		else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
684 			retval = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
685 #endif
686 		else {
687 			/* XXX: limits number of signals */
688 			retval = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
689 		}
690 		if (!iflag)
691 			freejob(job);
692 	}
693 	return retval;
694 }
695 
696 
697 
698 int
699 jobidcmd(int argc, char **argv)
700 {
701 	struct job *jp;
702 	int i;
703 
704 	nextopt("");
705 	jp = getjob(*argptr, 0);
706 	for (i = 0 ; i < jp->nprocs ; ) {
707 		out1fmt("%ld", (long)jp->ps[i].pid);
708 		out1c(++i < jp->nprocs ? ' ' : '\n');
709 	}
710 	return 0;
711 }
712 
713 int
714 getjobpgrp(const char *name)
715 {
716 	struct job *jp;
717 
718 	jp = getjob(name, 1);
719 	if (jp == 0)
720 		return 0;
721 	return -jp->ps[0].pid;
722 }
723 
724 /*
725  * Convert a job name to a job structure.
726  */
727 
728 STATIC struct job *
729 getjob(const char *name, int noerror)
730 {
731 	int jobno = -1;
732 	struct job *jp;
733 	int pid;
734 	int i;
735 	const char *err_msg = "No such job: %s";
736 
737 	if (name == NULL) {
738 #if JOBS
739 		jobno = curjob;
740 #endif
741 		err_msg = "No current job";
742 	} else if (name[0] == '%') {
743 		if (is_number(name + 1)) {
744 			jobno = number(name + 1) - 1;
745 		} else if (!name[2]) {
746 			switch (name[1]) {
747 #if JOBS
748 			case 0:
749 			case '+':
750 			case '%':
751 				jobno = curjob;
752 				err_msg = "No current job";
753 				break;
754 			case '-':
755 				jobno = curjob;
756 				if (jobno != -1)
757 					jobno = jobtab[jobno].prev_job;
758 				err_msg = "No previous job";
759 				break;
760 #endif
761 			default:
762 				goto check_pattern;
763 			}
764 		} else {
765 			struct job *found;
766     check_pattern:
767 			found = NULL;
768 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
769 				if (!jp->used || jp->nprocs <= 0)
770 					continue;
771 				if ((name[1] == '?'
772 					&& strstr(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 2))
773 				    || prefix(name + 1, jp->ps[0].cmd)) {
774 					if (found) {
775 						err_msg = "%s: ambiguous";
776 						found = 0;
777 						break;
778 					}
779 					found = jp;
780 				}
781 			}
782 			if (found)
783 				return found;
784 		}
785 
786 	} else if (is_number(name)) {
787 		pid = number(name);
788 		for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
789 			if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
790 			 && jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].pid == pid)
791 				return jp;
792 		}
793 	}
794 
795 	if (!jobs_invalid && jobno >= 0 && jobno < njobs) {
796 		jp = jobtab + jobno;
797 		if (jp->used)
798 			return jp;
799 	}
800 	if (!noerror)
801 		error(err_msg, name);
802 	return 0;
803 }
804 
805 
806 
807 /*
808  * Return a new job structure,
809  */
810 
811 struct job *
812 makejob(union node *node, int nprocs)
813 {
814 	int i;
815 	struct job *jp;
816 
817 	if (jobs_invalid) {
818 		for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
819 			if (jp->used)
820 				freejob(jp);
821 		}
822 		jobs_invalid = 0;
823 	}
824 
825 	for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
826 		if (--i < 0) {
827 			INTOFF;
828 			if (njobs == 0) {
829 				jobtab = ckmalloc(4 * sizeof jobtab[0]);
830 			} else {
831 				jp = ckmalloc((njobs + 4) * sizeof jobtab[0]);
832 				memcpy(jp, jobtab, njobs * sizeof jp[0]);
833 				/* Relocate `ps' pointers */
834 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
835 					if (jp[i].ps == &jobtab[i].ps0)
836 						jp[i].ps = &jp[i].ps0;
837 				ckfree(jobtab);
838 				jobtab = jp;
839 			}
840 			jp = jobtab + njobs;
841 			for (i = 4 ; --i >= 0 ; )
842 				jobtab[njobs++].used = 0;
843 			INTON;
844 			break;
845 		}
846 		if (jp->used == 0)
847 			break;
848 	}
849 	INTOFF;
850 	jp->state = JOBRUNNING;
851 	jp->used = 1;
852 	jp->changed = 0;
853 	jp->nprocs = 0;
854 #if JOBS
855 	jp->jobctl = jobctl;
856 	set_curjob(jp, 1);
857 #endif
858 	if (nprocs > 1) {
859 		jp->ps = ckmalloc(nprocs * sizeof (struct procstat));
860 	} else {
861 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
862 	}
863 	INTON;
864 	TRACE(("makejob(0x%lx, %d) returns %%%d\n", (long)node, nprocs,
865 	    jp - jobtab + 1));
866 	return jp;
867 }
868 
869 
870 /*
871  * Fork off a subshell.  If we are doing job control, give the subshell its
872  * own process group.  Jp is a job structure that the job is to be added to.
873  * N is the command that will be evaluated by the child.  Both jp and n may
874  * be NULL.  The mode parameter can be one of the following:
875  *	FORK_FG - Fork off a foreground process.
876  *	FORK_BG - Fork off a background process.
877  *	FORK_NOJOB - Like FORK_FG, but don't give the process its own
878  *		     process group even if job control is on.
879  *
880  * When job control is turned off, background processes have their standard
881  * input redirected to /dev/null (except for the second and later processes
882  * in a pipeline).
883  */
884 
885 int
886 forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
887 {
888 	int pid;
889 
890 	TRACE(("forkshell(%%%d, %p, %d) called\n", jp - jobtab, n, mode));
891 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
892 	case -1:
893 		TRACE(("Fork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
894 		INTON;
895 		error("Cannot fork");
896 		break;
897 	case 0:
898 		forkchild(jp, n, mode, 0);
899 		return 0;
900 	default:
901 		return forkparent(jp, n, mode, pid);
902 	}
903 }
904 
905 int
906 forkparent(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, pid_t pid)
907 {
908 	int pgrp;
909 
910 	if (rootshell && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
911 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
912 			pgrp = pid;
913 		else
914 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
915 #if JOBS /* LSC: not available under MINIX. */
916 		/* This can fail because we are doing it in the child also */
917 		(void)setpgid(pid, pgrp);
918 #endif
919 	}
920 	if (mode == FORK_BG)
921 		backgndpid = pid;		/* set $! */
922 	if (jp) {
923 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
924 		ps->pid = pid;
925 		ps->status = -1;
926 		ps->cmd[0] = 0;
927 		if (/* iflag && rootshell && */ n)
928 			commandtext(ps, n);
929 	}
930 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", pid));
931 	return pid;
932 }
933 
934 void
935 forkchild(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, int vforked)
936 {
937 	int wasroot;
938 #if JOBS /* LSC: for proper compilation with JOBS == 0 */
939 	int pgrp;
940 #endif
941 	const char *devnull = _PATH_DEVNULL;
942 	const char *nullerr = "Can't open %s";
943 
944 	wasroot = rootshell;
945 	TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", getpid()));
946 	if (!vforked)
947 		rootshell = 0;
948 
949 	closescript(vforked);
950 	clear_traps(vforked);
951 #if JOBS
952 	if (!vforked)
953 		jobctl = 0;		/* do job control only in root shell */
954 	if (wasroot && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
955 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
956 			pgrp = getpid();
957 		else
958 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
959 		/* This can fail because we are doing it in the parent also */
960 		(void)setpgid(0, pgrp);
961 		if (mode == FORK_FG) {
962 			if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp) == -1)
963 				error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
964 				    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
965 		}
966 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, vforked);
967 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, vforked);
968 	} else if (mode == FORK_BG) {
969 		ignoresig(SIGINT, vforked);
970 		ignoresig(SIGQUIT, vforked);
971 		if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
972 		    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
973 			close(0);
974 			if (open(devnull, O_RDONLY) != 0)
975 				error(nullerr, devnull);
976 		}
977 	}
978 #else
979 	if (mode == FORK_BG) {
980 		ignoresig(SIGINT, vforked);
981 		ignoresig(SIGQUIT, vforked);
982 		if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
983 		    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
984 			close(0);
985 			if (open(devnull, O_RDONLY) != 0)
986 				error(nullerr, devnull);
987 		}
988 	}
989 #endif
990 	if (wasroot && iflag) {
991 		setsignal(SIGINT, vforked);
992 		setsignal(SIGQUIT, vforked);
993 		setsignal(SIGTERM, vforked);
994 	}
995 
996 	if (!vforked)
997 		jobs_invalid = 1;
998 }
999 
1000 /*
1001  * Wait for job to finish.
1002  *
1003  * Under job control we have the problem that while a child process is
1004  * running interrupts generated by the user are sent to the child but not
1005  * to the shell.  This means that an infinite loop started by an inter-
1006  * active user may be hard to kill.  With job control turned off, an
1007  * interactive user may place an interactive program inside a loop.  If
1008  * the interactive program catches interrupts, the user doesn't want
1009  * these interrupts to also abort the loop.  The approach we take here
1010  * is to have the shell ignore interrupt signals while waiting for a
1011  * forground process to terminate, and then send itself an interrupt
1012  * signal if the child process was terminated by an interrupt signal.
1013  * Unfortunately, some programs want to do a bit of cleanup and then
1014  * exit on interrupt; unless these processes terminate themselves by
1015  * sending a signal to themselves (instead of calling exit) they will
1016  * confuse this approach.
1017  */
1018 
1019 int
1020 waitforjob(struct job *jp)
1021 {
1022 #if JOBS
1023 	int mypgrp = getpgrp();
1024 #endif
1025 	int status;
1026 	int st;
1027 
1028 	INTOFF;
1029 	TRACE(("waitforjob(%%%d) called\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
1030 	while (jp->state == JOBRUNNING) {
1031 		dowait(WBLOCK, jp);
1032 	}
1033 #if JOBS
1034 	if (jp->jobctl) {
1035 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, mypgrp) == -1)
1036 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
1037 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
1038 	}
1039 	if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED && curjob != jp - jobtab)
1040 		set_curjob(jp, 2);
1041 #endif
1042 	status = jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].status;
1043 	/* convert to 8 bits */
1044 	if (WIFEXITED(status))
1045 		st = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1046 #if JOBS
1047 	else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
1048 		st = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
1049 #endif
1050 	else
1051 		st = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
1052 	TRACE(("waitforjob: job %d, nproc %d, status %x, st %x\n",
1053 		jp - jobtab + 1, jp->nprocs, status, st ));
1054 #if JOBS
1055 	if (jp->jobctl) {
1056 		/*
1057 		 * This is truly gross.
1058 		 * If we're doing job control, then we did a TIOCSPGRP which
1059 		 * caused us (the shell) to no longer be in the controlling
1060 		 * session -- so we wouldn't have seen any ^C/SIGINT.  So, we
1061 		 * intuit from the subprocess exit status whether a SIGINT
1062 		 * occurred, and if so interrupt ourselves.  Yuck.  - mycroft
1063 		 */
1064 		if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGINT)
1065 			raise(SIGINT);
1066 	}
1067 #endif
1068 	if (! JOBS || jp->state == JOBDONE)
1069 		freejob(jp);
1070 	INTON;
1071 	return st;
1072 }
1073 
1074 
1075 
1076 /*
1077  * Wait for a process to terminate.
1078  */
1079 
1080 STATIC int
1081 dowait(int flags, struct job *job)
1082 {
1083 	int pid;
1084 	int status;
1085 	struct procstat *sp;
1086 	struct job *jp;
1087 	struct job *thisjob;
1088 	int done;
1089 	int stopped;
1090 	extern volatile char gotsig[];
1091 
1092 	TRACE(("dowait(%x) called\n", flags));
1093 	do {
1094 		pid = waitproc(flags & WBLOCK, job, &status);
1095 		TRACE(("wait returns pid %d, status %d\n", pid, status));
1096 	} while (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR && gotsig[SIGINT - 1] == 0);
1097 	if (pid <= 0)
1098 		return pid;
1099 	INTOFF;
1100 	thisjob = NULL;
1101 	for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs ; jp++) {
1102 		if (jp->used) {
1103 			done = 1;
1104 			stopped = 1;
1105 			for (sp = jp->ps ; sp < jp->ps + jp->nprocs ; sp++) {
1106 				if (sp->pid == -1)
1107 					continue;
1108 				if (sp->pid == pid) {
1109 					TRACE(("Job %d: changing status of proc %d from 0x%x to 0x%x\n", jp - jobtab + 1, pid, sp->status, status));
1110 					sp->status = status;
1111 					thisjob = jp;
1112 				}
1113 				if (sp->status == -1)
1114 					stopped = 0;
1115 				else if (WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))
1116 					done = 0;
1117 			}
1118 			if (stopped) {		/* stopped or done */
1119 				int state = done ? JOBDONE : JOBSTOPPED;
1120 				if (jp->state != state) {
1121 					TRACE(("Job %d: changing state from %d to %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1, jp->state, state));
1122 					jp->state = state;
1123 #if JOBS
1124 					if (done)
1125 						set_curjob(jp, 0);
1126 #endif
1127 				}
1128 			}
1129 		}
1130 	}
1131 
1132 	if (thisjob && thisjob->state != JOBRUNNING) {
1133 		int mode = 0;
1134 		if (!rootshell || !iflag)
1135 			mode = SHOW_SIGNALLED;
1136 		if ((job == thisjob && (flags & WNOFREE) == 0) ||
1137 		    (job != thisjob && (flags & WNOFREE) != 0))
1138 			mode = SHOW_SIGNALLED | SHOW_NO_FREE;
1139 		if (mode)
1140 			showjob(out2, thisjob, mode);
1141 		else {
1142 			TRACE(("Not printing status, rootshell=%d, job=%p\n",
1143 				rootshell, job));
1144 			thisjob->changed = 1;
1145 		}
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	INTON;
1149 	return pid;
1150 }
1151 
1152 
1153 
1154 /*
1155  * Do a wait system call.  If job control is compiled in, we accept
1156  * stopped processes.  If block is zero, we return a value of zero
1157  * rather than blocking.
1158  *
1159  * System V doesn't have a non-blocking wait system call.  It does
1160  * have a SIGCLD signal that is sent to a process when one of its
1161  * children dies.  The obvious way to use SIGCLD would be to install
1162  * a handler for SIGCLD which simply bumped a counter when a SIGCLD
1163  * was received, and have waitproc bump another counter when it got
1164  * the status of a process.  Waitproc would then know that a wait
1165  * system call would not block if the two counters were different.
1166  * This approach doesn't work because if a process has children that
1167  * have not been waited for, System V will send it a SIGCLD when it
1168  * installs a signal handler for SIGCLD.  What this means is that when
1169  * a child exits, the shell will be sent SIGCLD signals continuously
1170  * until is runs out of stack space, unless it does a wait call before
1171  * restoring the signal handler.  The code below takes advantage of
1172  * this (mis)feature by installing a signal handler for SIGCLD and
1173  * then checking to see whether it was called.  If there are any
1174  * children to be waited for, it will be.
1175  *
1176  * If neither SYSV nor BSD is defined, we don't implement nonblocking
1177  * waits at all.  In this case, the user will not be informed when
1178  * a background process until the next time she runs a real program
1179  * (as opposed to running a builtin command or just typing return),
1180  * and the jobs command may give out of date information.
1181  */
1182 
1183 #ifdef SYSV
1184 STATIC int gotsigchild;
1185 
1186 STATIC int onsigchild() {
1187 	gotsigchild = 1;
1188 }
1189 #endif
1190 
1191 
1192 STATIC int
1193 waitproc(int block, struct job *jp, int *status)
1194 {
1195 #ifdef BSD
1196 	int flags = 0;
1197 
1198 #if JOBS
1199 	if (jp != NULL && jp->jobctl)
1200 		flags |= WUNTRACED;
1201 #endif
1202 	if (block == 0)
1203 		flags |= WNOHANG;
1204 	return waitpid(-1, status, flags);
1205 #else
1206 #ifdef SYSV
1207 	int (*save)();
1208 
1209 	if (block == 0) {
1210 		gotsigchild = 0;
1211 		save = signal(SIGCLD, onsigchild);
1212 		signal(SIGCLD, save);
1213 		if (gotsigchild == 0)
1214 			return 0;
1215 	}
1216 	return wait(status);
1217 #else
1218 	if (block == 0)
1219 		return 0;
1220 	return wait(status);
1221 #endif
1222 #endif
1223 }
1224 
1225 /*
1226  * return 1 if there are stopped jobs, otherwise 0
1227  */
1228 int job_warning = 0;
1229 int
1230 stoppedjobs(void)
1231 {
1232 	int jobno;
1233 	struct job *jp;
1234 
1235 	if (job_warning || jobs_invalid)
1236 		return (0);
1237 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab; jobno <= njobs; jobno++, jp++) {
1238 		if (jp->used == 0)
1239 			continue;
1240 		if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
1241 			out2str("You have stopped jobs.\n");
1242 			job_warning = 2;
1243 			return (1);
1244 		}
1245 	}
1246 
1247 	return (0);
1248 }
1249 
1250 /*
1251  * Return a string identifying a command (to be printed by the
1252  * jobs command).
1253  */
1254 
1255 STATIC char *cmdnextc;
1256 STATIC int cmdnleft;
1257 
1258 void
1259 commandtext(struct procstat *ps, union node *n)
1260 {
1261 	int len;
1262 
1263 	cmdnextc = ps->cmd;
1264 	if (iflag || mflag || sizeof ps->cmd < 100)
1265 		len = sizeof(ps->cmd);
1266 	else
1267 		len = sizeof(ps->cmd) / 10;
1268 	cmdnleft = len;
1269 	cmdtxt(n);
1270 	if (cmdnleft <= 0) {
1271 		char *p = ps->cmd + len - 4;
1272 		p[0] = '.';
1273 		p[1] = '.';
1274 		p[2] = '.';
1275 		p[3] = 0;
1276 	} else
1277 		*cmdnextc = '\0';
1278 	TRACE(("commandtext: ps->cmd %x, end %x, left %d\n\t\"%s\"\n",
1279 		ps->cmd, cmdnextc, cmdnleft, ps->cmd));
1280 }
1281 
1282 
1283 STATIC void
1284 cmdtxt(union node *n)
1285 {
1286 	union node *np;
1287 	struct nodelist *lp;
1288 	const char *p;
1289 	int i;
1290 	char s[2];
1291 
1292 	if (n == NULL || cmdnleft <= 0)
1293 		return;
1294 	switch (n->type) {
1295 	case NSEMI:
1296 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1297 		cmdputs("; ");
1298 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1299 		break;
1300 	case NAND:
1301 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1302 		cmdputs(" && ");
1303 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1304 		break;
1305 	case NOR:
1306 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1307 		cmdputs(" || ");
1308 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1309 		break;
1310 	case NPIPE:
1311 		for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next) {
1312 			cmdtxt(lp->n);
1313 			if (lp->next)
1314 				cmdputs(" | ");
1315 		}
1316 		break;
1317 	case NSUBSHELL:
1318 		cmdputs("(");
1319 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1320 		cmdputs(")");
1321 		break;
1322 	case NREDIR:
1323 	case NBACKGND:
1324 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1325 		break;
1326 	case NIF:
1327 		cmdputs("if ");
1328 		cmdtxt(n->nif.test);
1329 		cmdputs("; then ");
1330 		cmdtxt(n->nif.ifpart);
1331 		if (n->nif.elsepart) {
1332 			cmdputs("; else ");
1333 			cmdtxt(n->nif.elsepart);
1334 		}
1335 		cmdputs("; fi");
1336 		break;
1337 	case NWHILE:
1338 		cmdputs("while ");
1339 		goto until;
1340 	case NUNTIL:
1341 		cmdputs("until ");
1342 until:
1343 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1344 		cmdputs("; do ");
1345 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1346 		cmdputs("; done");
1347 		break;
1348 	case NFOR:
1349 		cmdputs("for ");
1350 		cmdputs(n->nfor.var);
1351 		cmdputs(" in ");
1352 		cmdlist(n->nfor.args, 1);
1353 		cmdputs("; do ");
1354 		cmdtxt(n->nfor.body);
1355 		cmdputs("; done");
1356 		break;
1357 	case NCASE:
1358 		cmdputs("case ");
1359 		cmdputs(n->ncase.expr->narg.text);
1360 		cmdputs(" in ");
1361 		for (np = n->ncase.cases; np; np = np->nclist.next) {
1362 			cmdtxt(np->nclist.pattern);
1363 			cmdputs(") ");
1364 			cmdtxt(np->nclist.body);
1365 			cmdputs(";; ");
1366 		}
1367 		cmdputs("esac");
1368 		break;
1369 	case NDEFUN:
1370 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1371 		cmdputs("() { ... }");
1372 		break;
1373 	case NCMD:
1374 		cmdlist(n->ncmd.args, 1);
1375 		cmdlist(n->ncmd.redirect, 0);
1376 		break;
1377 	case NARG:
1378 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1379 		break;
1380 	case NTO:
1381 		p = ">";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1382 	case NCLOBBER:
1383 		p = ">|";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1384 	case NAPPEND:
1385 		p = ">>";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1386 	case NTOFD:
1387 		p = ">&";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1388 	case NFROM:
1389 		p = "<";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1390 	case NFROMFD:
1391 		p = "<&";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1392 	case NFROMTO:
1393 		p = "<>";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1394 redir:
1395 		if (n->nfile.fd != i) {
1396 			s[0] = n->nfile.fd + '0';
1397 			s[1] = '\0';
1398 			cmdputs(s);
1399 		}
1400 		cmdputs(p);
1401 		if (n->type == NTOFD || n->type == NFROMFD) {
1402 			s[0] = n->ndup.dupfd + '0';
1403 			s[1] = '\0';
1404 			cmdputs(s);
1405 		} else {
1406 			cmdtxt(n->nfile.fname);
1407 		}
1408 		break;
1409 	case NHERE:
1410 	case NXHERE:
1411 		cmdputs("<<...");
1412 		break;
1413 	default:
1414 		cmdputs("???");
1415 		break;
1416 	}
1417 }
1418 
1419 STATIC void
1420 cmdlist(union node *np, int sep)
1421 {
1422 	for (; np; np = np->narg.next) {
1423 		if (!sep)
1424 			cmdputs(" ");
1425 		cmdtxt(np);
1426 		if (sep && np->narg.next)
1427 			cmdputs(" ");
1428 	}
1429 }
1430 
1431 
1432 STATIC void
1433 cmdputs(const char *s)
1434 {
1435 	const char *p, *str = 0;
1436 	char c, cc[2] = " ";
1437 	char *nextc;
1438 	int nleft;
1439 	int subtype = 0;
1440 	int quoted = 0;
1441 	static char vstype[16][4] = { "", "}", "-", "+", "?", "=",
1442 					"#", "##", "%", "%%" };
1443 
1444 	p = s;
1445 	nextc = cmdnextc;
1446 	nleft = cmdnleft;
1447 	while (nleft > 0 && (c = *p++) != 0) {
1448 		switch (c) {
1449 		case CTLESC:
1450 			c = *p++;
1451 			break;
1452 		case CTLVAR:
1453 			subtype = *p++;
1454 			if ((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSLENGTH)
1455 				str = "${#";
1456 			else
1457 				str = "${";
1458 			if (!(subtype & VSQUOTE) != !(quoted & 1)) {
1459 				quoted ^= 1;
1460 				c = '"';
1461 			} else
1462 				c = *str++;
1463 			break;
1464 		case CTLENDVAR:
1465 			if (quoted & 1) {
1466 				c = '"';
1467 				str = "}";
1468 			} else
1469 				c = '}';
1470 			quoted >>= 1;
1471 			subtype = 0;
1472 			break;
1473 		case CTLBACKQ:
1474 			c = '$';
1475 			str = "(...)";
1476 			break;
1477 		case CTLBACKQ+CTLQUOTE:
1478 			c = '"';
1479 			str = "$(...)\"";
1480 			break;
1481 		case CTLARI:
1482 			c = '$';
1483 			str = "((";
1484 			break;
1485 		case CTLENDARI:
1486 			c = ')';
1487 			str = ")";
1488 			break;
1489 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
1490 			quoted ^= 1;
1491 			c = '"';
1492 			break;
1493 		case '=':
1494 			if (subtype == 0)
1495 				break;
1496 			str = vstype[subtype & VSTYPE];
1497 			if (subtype & VSNUL)
1498 				c = ':';
1499 			else
1500 				c = *str++;
1501 			if (c != '}')
1502 				quoted <<= 1;
1503 			break;
1504 		case '\'':
1505 		case '\\':
1506 		case '"':
1507 		case '$':
1508 			/* These can only happen inside quotes */
1509 			cc[0] = c;
1510 			str = cc;
1511 			c = '\\';
1512 			break;
1513 		default:
1514 			break;
1515 		}
1516 		do {
1517 			*nextc++ = c;
1518 		} while (--nleft > 0 && str && (c = *str++));
1519 		str = 0;
1520 	}
1521 	if ((quoted & 1) && nleft) {
1522 		*nextc++ = '"';
1523 		nleft--;
1524 	}
1525 	cmdnleft = nleft;
1526 	cmdnextc = nextc;
1527 }
1528