1List 20 largest files (larger than 5 MB) sorted by megabytes: 2 3 find / -type f -size +10000 -print0 | xargs -0 du -m | sort -nr | head -20 4% 5You can keep specific rc.conf configurations in individual files 6under /etc/rc.conf.d/ where each file is named after the $name of 7the rc.d script. Some configurations may have different names than 8the script; see the $name variable to check. 9% 10You can see the total used buffers in megabytes with: 11 12 vmstat -s | awk ' 13/ bytes per page$/ { bpp = $1 } 14/ cached file pages$/ { cfp = $1 } 15/ cached executable pages$/ { cep = $1 } 16END { print((cfp + cep) * bpp / 1024 / 1024); }' 17% 18You can view a value of a variable in pkgsrc by using the show-var 19target, for example: 20 21 make show-var VARNAME=MAINTAINER 22% 23You can view the basic order of your rc.d scripts with: 24 25 rcorder /etc/rc.d/* 26% 27You can ask questions about NetBSD at the netbsd-users@NetBSD.org 28mailing list. Be sure to clearly explain your problem, what you 29tried, what results you had, and what you expected. 30% 31You can view your non-default Postfix settings with: 32 33 postconf -n 34% 35To report about installed packages with known vulnerabilities, 36fetch the latest pkg-vulnerabilities file as the superuser with: 37 38 download-vulnerability-list 39 40And then run: 41 42 audit-packages 43% 44The following shows an example of temporarily adding 10MB more swap 45space for virtual memory: 46 47 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swapfile bs=1024 count=10240 48 chmod go= /root/swapfile 49 swapctl -a /root/swapfile 50% 51If your console ever gets broken, you can try resetting it to its 52initial state with: 53 54 printf "\033c 55% 56If you installed a package, but don't know what the software is 57called or what executables to run, use pkg_info with the -L switch 58to list the package's files and search for /bin: 59 60 pkg_info -L PACKAGE-NAME | grep /bin 61% 62A new user can be added by using the useradd tool with the -m switch 63to create the home directory. Then set the password. For example: 64 65 useradd -m susan 66 passwd susan 67% 68To modify user account information use the chpass or usermod tools. 69If you need to edit the user database directly, use the vipw command. 70% 71You can temporarily start the SSH server by running the following 72as root: 73 74 /etc/rc.d/sshd onestart 75% 76Several IP Filter and ipnat examples are available in the 77/usr/share/examples/ipf/ directory. 78% 79Want to dual boot using a bluetooth mouse or keyboard? Use btkey(1) 80to store the link key in the hardware. 81% 82If you are having trouble connecting to a remote bluetooth device, 83try the btconfig(8) inquiry command. The kernel will retain some 84clock offset information that may help. 85% 86You can download files via HTTP using the ftp(1) command; for example: 87 88 ftp http://www.NetBSD.org/images/NetBSD.png 89% 90The mtree(8) tool can be used to check permissions, ownerships, 91file changes, and more when compared against a specification. For 92example to check directory ownership and permissions for standard 93NetBSD directories, run: 94 95 /usr/sbin/mtree -e -p / -f /etc/mtree/NetBSD.dist 96% 97If you need reminders on your console to leave, use the leave(1) 98tool. For example to receive reminders to leave in one hour: 99 100 leave +0100 101% 102To stop non-superuser logins until next boot, as root: 103 104 touch /etc/nologin 105% 106When extracting distribution tar sets, be sure to use the pax -pe 107option or the tar -p switch to preserve the user and group and file 108modes (including setuid and setgid). This is needed, for example, 109so su(1) will work after extracting the base.tgz set. 110% 111Math can be done within the sh(1) and ksh(1) shells or with expr(1), 112dc(1), bc(1), or awk(1). Here are some simple examples: 113 114 echo $((431 * 79)) 115 expr 60 \* 60 \* 24 \* 7 116% 117You can view network connections with the fstat, netstat -a, sockstat, 118and "systat netstat" commands. 119% 120Visit the NetBSD Security website to keep track of advisories: 121 http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/ 122Or join the security-announce mailing list for alerts: 123 http://www.netbsd.org/mailinglists/#security-announce 124% 125Here's an example of finding what package a file belongs to: 126 127 pkg_info -Fe /usr/pkg/bin/inw 128% 129Many log files are checked for rotation every hour by newsyslog(8). 130It is configured in /etc/newsyslog.conf. 131% 132NetBSD's default cron jobs are defined in the /var/cron/tabs/root 133file. As the superuser, use "crontab -l" to view it. To edit it, 134use "crontab -e" (which defaults to using the vi(1) editor). 135% 136You can make sure that your system is stable and behaves correctly by 137running the tests in /usr/tests (which come from the tests.tgz set). 138To do so: 139 140 vi /etc/atf/NetBSD.conf 141 cd /usr/tests 142 atf-run | atf-report 143% 144
