xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/format.c (revision 264ca280)
1 /* Generic BFD support for file formats.
2    Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
3    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4    Written by Cygnus Support.
5 
6    This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
7 
8    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11    (at your option) any later version.
12 
13    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
16    GNU General Public License for more details.
17 
18    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
21 
22 /*
23 SECTION
24 	File formats
25 
26 	A format is a BFD concept of high level file contents type. The
27 	formats supported by BFD are:
28 
29 	o <<bfd_object>>
30 
31 	The BFD may contain data, symbols, relocations and debug info.
32 
33 	o <<bfd_archive>>
34 
35 	The BFD contains other BFDs and an optional index.
36 
37 	o <<bfd_core>>
38 
39 	The BFD contains the result of an executable core dump.
40 
41 */
42 
43 #include "bfd.h"
44 #include "sysdep.h"
45 #include "libbfd.h"
46 
47 /* IMPORT from targets.c.  */
48 extern const size_t _bfd_target_vector_entries;
49 
50 /*
51 FUNCTION
52 	bfd_check_format
53 
54 SYNOPSIS
55 	bfd_boolean bfd_check_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format);
56 
57 DESCRIPTION
58 	Verify if the file attached to the BFD @var{abfd} is compatible
59 	with the format @var{format} (i.e., one of <<bfd_object>>,
60 	<<bfd_archive>> or <<bfd_core>>).
61 
62 	If the BFD has been set to a specific target before the
63 	call, only the named target and format combination is
64 	checked. If the target has not been set, or has been set to
65 	<<default>>, then all the known target backends is
66 	interrogated to determine a match.  If the default target
67 	matches, it is used.  If not, exactly one target must recognize
68 	the file, or an error results.
69 
70 	The function returns <<TRUE>> on success, otherwise <<FALSE>>
71 	with one of the following error codes:
72 
73 	o <<bfd_error_invalid_operation>> -
74 	if <<format>> is not one of <<bfd_object>>, <<bfd_archive>> or
75 	<<bfd_core>>.
76 
77 	o <<bfd_error_system_call>> -
78 	if an error occured during a read - even some file mismatches
79 	can cause bfd_error_system_calls.
80 
81 	o <<file_not_recognised>> -
82 	none of the backends recognised the file format.
83 
84 	o <<bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized>> -
85 	more than one backend recognised the file format.
86 */
87 
88 bfd_boolean
89 bfd_check_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format)
90 {
91   return bfd_check_format_matches (abfd, format, NULL);
92 }
93 
94 /*
95 FUNCTION
96 	bfd_check_format_matches
97 
98 SYNOPSIS
99 	bfd_boolean bfd_check_format_matches
100 	  (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format, char ***matching);
101 
102 DESCRIPTION
103 	Like <<bfd_check_format>>, except when it returns FALSE with
104 	<<bfd_errno>> set to <<bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized>>.  In that
105 	case, if @var{matching} is not NULL, it will be filled in with
106 	a NULL-terminated list of the names of the formats that matched,
107 	allocated with <<malloc>>.
108 	Then the user may choose a format and try again.
109 
110 	When done with the list that @var{matching} points to, the caller
111 	should free it.
112 */
113 
114 bfd_boolean
115 bfd_check_format_matches (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format, char ***matching)
116 {
117   extern const bfd_target binary_vec;
118   const bfd_target * const *target;
119   const bfd_target **matching_vector = NULL;
120   const bfd_target *save_targ, *right_targ, *ar_right_targ;
121   int match_count;
122   int ar_match_index;
123 
124   if (!bfd_read_p (abfd)
125       || (unsigned int) abfd->format >= (unsigned int) bfd_type_end)
126     {
127       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_invalid_operation);
128       return FALSE;
129     }
130 
131   if (abfd->format != bfd_unknown)
132     return abfd->format == format;
133 
134   /* Since the target type was defaulted, check them
135      all in the hope that one will be uniquely recognized.  */
136   save_targ = abfd->xvec;
137   match_count = 0;
138   ar_match_index = _bfd_target_vector_entries;
139 
140   if (matching)
141     {
142       bfd_size_type amt;
143 
144       *matching = NULL;
145       amt = sizeof (*matching_vector) * 2 * _bfd_target_vector_entries;
146       matching_vector = bfd_malloc (amt);
147       if (!matching_vector)
148 	return FALSE;
149     }
150 
151   right_targ = 0;
152   ar_right_targ = 0;
153 
154   /* Presume the answer is yes.  */
155   abfd->format = format;
156 
157   /* If the target type was explicitly specified, just check that target.  */
158   if (!abfd->target_defaulted)
159     {
160       if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)	/* rewind! */
161 	{
162 	  if (matching)
163 	    free (matching_vector);
164 	  return FALSE;
165 	}
166 
167       right_targ = BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_check_format, (abfd));
168 
169       if (right_targ)
170 	{
171 	  abfd->xvec = right_targ;	/* Set the target as returned.  */
172 
173 	  if (matching)
174 	    free (matching_vector);
175 
176 	  return TRUE;			/* File position has moved, BTW.  */
177 	}
178 
179       /* For a long time the code has dropped through to check all
180 	 targets if the specified target was wrong.  I don't know why,
181 	 and I'm reluctant to change it.  However, in the case of an
182 	 archive, it can cause problems.  If the specified target does
183 	 not permit archives (e.g., the binary target), then we should
184 	 not allow some other target to recognize it as an archive, but
185 	 should instead allow the specified target to recognize it as an
186 	 object.  When I first made this change, it broke the PE target,
187 	 because the specified pei-i386 target did not recognize the
188 	 actual pe-i386 archive.  Since there may be other problems of
189 	 this sort, I changed this test to check only for the binary
190 	 target.  */
191       if (format == bfd_archive && save_targ == &binary_vec)
192 	{
193 	  abfd->xvec = save_targ;
194 	  abfd->format = bfd_unknown;
195 
196 	  if (matching)
197 	    free (matching_vector);
198 
199 	  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_not_recognized);
200 
201 	  return FALSE;
202 	}
203     }
204 
205   for (target = bfd_target_vector; *target != NULL; target++)
206     {
207       const bfd_target *temp;
208       bfd_error_type err;
209 
210       if (*target == &binary_vec)
211 	continue;
212 
213       abfd->xvec = *target;	/* Change BFD's target temporarily.  */
214 
215       if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
216 	{
217 	  if (matching)
218 	    free (matching_vector);
219 	  return FALSE;
220 	}
221 
222       /* If _bfd_check_format neglects to set bfd_error, assume
223 	 bfd_error_wrong_format.  We didn't used to even pay any
224 	 attention to bfd_error, so I suspect that some
225 	 _bfd_check_format might have this problem.  */
226       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
227 
228       temp = BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_check_format, (abfd));
229 
230       if (temp)
231 	{
232 	  /* This format checks out as ok!  */
233 	  right_targ = temp;
234 
235 	  /* If this is the default target, accept it, even if other
236 	     targets might match.  People who want those other targets
237 	     have to set the GNUTARGET variable.  */
238 	  if (temp == bfd_default_vector[0])
239 	    {
240 	      match_count = 1;
241 	      break;
242 	    }
243 
244 	  if (matching)
245 	    matching_vector[match_count] = temp;
246 
247 	  match_count++;
248 
249 #ifdef GNU960
250 	  /* Big- and little-endian b.out archives look the same, but it
251 	     doesn't matter: there is no difference in their headers, and
252 	     member file byte orders will (I hope) be handled appropriately
253 	     by bfd.  Ditto for big and little coff archives.  And the 4
254 	     coff/b.out object formats are unambiguous.  So accept the
255 	     first match we find.  */
256 	  break;
257 #endif
258 	}
259       else if ((err = bfd_get_error ()) == bfd_error_wrong_object_format
260 	       || err == bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized)
261 	{
262 	  /* An archive with objects of the wrong type, or an
263 	     ambiguous match.  We want this target to match if we get
264 	     no better matches.  */
265 	  if (ar_right_targ != bfd_default_vector[0])
266 	    ar_right_targ = *target;
267 	  if (matching)
268 	    matching_vector[ar_match_index] = *target;
269 	  ar_match_index++;
270 	}
271       else if (err != bfd_error_wrong_format)
272 	{
273 	  abfd->xvec = save_targ;
274 	  abfd->format = bfd_unknown;
275 
276 	  if (matching)
277 	    free (matching_vector);
278 
279 	  return FALSE;
280 	}
281     }
282 
283   if (match_count == 0)
284     {
285       /* Try partial matches.  */
286       right_targ = ar_right_targ;
287 
288       if (right_targ == bfd_default_vector[0])
289 	{
290 	  match_count = 1;
291 	}
292       else
293 	{
294 	  match_count = ar_match_index - _bfd_target_vector_entries;
295 
296 	  if (matching && match_count > 1)
297 	    memcpy (matching_vector,
298 		    matching_vector + _bfd_target_vector_entries,
299 		    sizeof (*matching_vector) * match_count);
300 	}
301     }
302 
303   if (match_count > 1
304       && bfd_associated_vector != NULL
305       && matching)
306     {
307       const bfd_target * const *assoc = bfd_associated_vector;
308 
309       while ((right_targ = *assoc++) != NULL)
310 	{
311 	  int i = match_count;
312 
313 	  while (--i >= 0)
314 	    if (matching_vector[i] == right_targ)
315 	      break;
316 
317 	  if (i >= 0)
318 	    {
319 	      match_count = 1;
320 	      break;
321 	    }
322 	}
323     }
324 
325   if (match_count == 1)
326     {
327       abfd->xvec = right_targ;		/* Change BFD's target permanently.  */
328 
329       if (matching)
330 	free (matching_vector);
331 
332       return TRUE;			/* File position has moved, BTW.  */
333     }
334 
335   abfd->xvec = save_targ;		/* Restore original target type.  */
336   abfd->format = bfd_unknown;		/* Restore original format.  */
337 
338   if (match_count == 0)
339     {
340       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_not_recognized);
341 
342       if (matching)
343 	free (matching_vector);
344     }
345   else
346     {
347       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized);
348 
349       if (matching)
350 	{
351 	  *matching = (char **) matching_vector;
352 	  matching_vector[match_count] = NULL;
353 	  /* Return target names.  This is a little nasty.  Maybe we
354 	     should do another bfd_malloc?  */
355 	  while (--match_count >= 0)
356 	    {
357 	      const char *name = matching_vector[match_count]->name;
358 	      *(const char **) &matching_vector[match_count] = name;
359 	    }
360 	}
361     }
362 
363   return FALSE;
364 }
365 
366 /*
367 FUNCTION
368 	bfd_set_format
369 
370 SYNOPSIS
371 	bfd_boolean bfd_set_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format);
372 
373 DESCRIPTION
374 	This function sets the file format of the BFD @var{abfd} to the
375 	format @var{format}. If the target set in the BFD does not
376 	support the format requested, the format is invalid, or the BFD
377 	is not open for writing, then an error occurs.
378 */
379 
380 bfd_boolean
381 bfd_set_format (bfd *abfd, bfd_format format)
382 {
383   if (bfd_read_p (abfd)
384       || (unsigned int) abfd->format >= (unsigned int) bfd_type_end)
385     {
386       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_invalid_operation);
387       return FALSE;
388     }
389 
390   if (abfd->format != bfd_unknown)
391     return abfd->format == format;
392 
393   /* Presume the answer is yes.  */
394   abfd->format = format;
395 
396   if (!BFD_SEND_FMT (abfd, _bfd_set_format, (abfd)))
397     {
398       abfd->format = bfd_unknown;
399       return FALSE;
400     }
401 
402   return TRUE;
403 }
404 
405 /*
406 FUNCTION
407 	bfd_format_string
408 
409 SYNOPSIS
410 	const char *bfd_format_string (bfd_format format);
411 
412 DESCRIPTION
413 	Return a pointer to a const string
414 	<<invalid>>, <<object>>, <<archive>>, <<core>>, or <<unknown>>,
415 	depending upon the value of @var{format}.
416 */
417 
418 const char *
419 bfd_format_string (bfd_format format)
420 {
421   if (((int) format < (int) bfd_unknown)
422       || ((int) format >= (int) bfd_type_end))
423     return "invalid";
424 
425   switch (format)
426     {
427     case bfd_object:
428       return "object";		/* Linker/assembler/compiler output.  */
429     case bfd_archive:
430       return "archive";		/* Object archive file.  */
431     case bfd_core:
432       return "core";		/* Core dump.  */
433     default:
434       return "unknown";
435     }
436 }
437