1@ignore 2@c Set file name and title for man page. 3@setfilename gpl 4@settitle GNU General Public License 5@c man begin SEEALSO 6gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7). 7@c man end 8@c man begin COPYRIGHT 9Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 1059 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 11 12Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14@c man end 15@end ignore 16@node Copying 17@c man begin DESCRIPTION 18@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 19@center Version 2, June 1991 20 21@display 22Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 2359 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 24 25Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 26of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 27@end display 28 29@unnumberedsec Preamble 30 31 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 32freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 33License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 34software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 35General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 36Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 37using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 38the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 39your programs, too. 40 41 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 42price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 43have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 44this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 45if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 46in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 47 48 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 49anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 50These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 51distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 52 53 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 54gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 55you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 56source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 57rights. 58 59 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 60(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 61distribute and/or modify the software. 62 63 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 64that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 65software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 66want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 67that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 68authors' reputations. 69 70 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 71patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 72program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 73program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 74patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 75 76 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 77modification follow. 78 79@iftex 80@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,@*DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 81@end iftex 82@ifnottex 83@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 84@end ifnottex 85 86@enumerate 0 87@item 88This License applies to any program or other work which contains 89a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 90under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, 91refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' 92means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 93that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 94either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 95language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 96the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. 97 98Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 99covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 100running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 101is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 102Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 103Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 104 105@item 106You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 107source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 108conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 109copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 110notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 111and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 112along with the Program. 113 114You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 115you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 116 117@item 118You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 119of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 120distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 121above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 122 123@enumerate a 124@item 125You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 126stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 127 128@item 129You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 130whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 131part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 132parties under the terms of this License. 133 134@item 135If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 136when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 137interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 138announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 139notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 140a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 141these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 142License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 143does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 144the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 145@end enumerate 146 147These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 148identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 149and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 150themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 151sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 152distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 153on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 154this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 155entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 156 157Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 158your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 159exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 160collective works based on the Program. 161 162In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 163with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 164a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 165the scope of this License. 166 167@item 168You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 169under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 170Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 171 172@enumerate a 173@item 174Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 175source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1761 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 177 178@item 179Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 180years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 181cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 182machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 183distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 184customarily used for software interchange; or, 185 186@item 187Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 188to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 189allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 190received the program in object code or executable form with such 191an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 192@end enumerate 193 194The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 195making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 196code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 197associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 198control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 199special exception, the source code distributed need not include 200anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 201form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 202operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 203itself accompanies the executable. 204 205If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 206access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 207access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 208distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 209compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 210 211@item 212You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 213except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 214otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 215void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 216However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 217this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 218parties remain in full compliance. 219 220@item 221You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 222signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 223distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 224prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 225modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 226Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 227all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 228the Program or works based on it. 229 230@item 231Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 232Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 233original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 234these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 235restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 236You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 237this License. 238 239@item 240If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 241infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 242conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 243otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 244excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 245distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 246License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 247may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 248license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 249all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 250the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 251refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 252 253If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 254any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 255apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 256circumstances. 257 258It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 259patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 260such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 261integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 262implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 263generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 264through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 265system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 266to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 267impose that choice. 268 269This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 270be a consequence of the rest of this License. 271 272@item 273If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 274certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 275original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 276may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 277those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 278countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 279the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 280 281@item 282The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 283of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 284be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 285address new problems or concerns. 286 287Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 288specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any 289later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions 290either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 291Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 292this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 293Foundation. 294 295@item 296If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 297programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 298to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 299Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 300make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 301of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 302of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 303 304@iftex 305@heading NO WARRANTY 306@end iftex 307@ifnottex 308@center NO WARRANTY 309@end ifnottex 310 311@item 312BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 313FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 314OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 315PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 316OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 317MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 318TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 319PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 320REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 321 322@item 323IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 324WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 325REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 326INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 327OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 328TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 329YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 330PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 331POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 332@end enumerate 333 334@iftex 335@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 336@end iftex 337@ifnottex 338@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 339@end ifnottex 340 341@page 342@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 343 344 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 345possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 346free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 347 348 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 349to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 350convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 351the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 352 353@smallexample 354@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 355Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} 356 357This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 358it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 359the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 360(at your option) any later version. 361 362This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 363but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 364MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 365GNU General Public License for more details. 366 367You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 368along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 369Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, 370Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 371@end smallexample 372 373Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 374 375If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 376when it starts in an interactive mode: 377 378@smallexample 379Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} 380Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details 381type `show w'. 382This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 383under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 384@end smallexample 385 386The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show 387the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 388commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and 389@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever 390suits your program. 391 392You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 393school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if 394necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 395 396@smallexample 397Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 398`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 399 400@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 401Ty Coon, President of Vice 402@end smallexample 403 404This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 405proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 406consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 407library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 408Public License instead of this License. 409@c man end 410