xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/perl/t/op/stat.t (revision 097a140d)
1#!./perl
2
3BEGIN {
4    chdir 't' if -d 't';
5    require './test.pl';	# for which_perl() etc
6    set_up_inc('../lib');
7}
8
9use strict;
10use warnings;
11use Config;
12
13my ($Null, $Curdir);
14if(eval {require File::Spec; 1}) {
15    $Null = File::Spec->devnull;
16    $Curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
17} else {
18    die $@ unless is_miniperl();
19    $Curdir = '.';
20    diag("miniperl failed to load File::Spec, error is:\n$@");
21    diag("\ncontinuing, assuming '.' for current directory. Some tests will be skipped.");
22}
23
24if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
25    # under minitest, buildcustomize sets this to 1, which means
26    # nlinks isn't populated properly, allow nlinks tests to pass
27    ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT} = 0;
28}
29
30plan tests => 110;
31
32my $Perl = which_perl();
33
34$ENV{LC_ALL}   = 'C';		# Forge English error messages.
35$ENV{LANGUAGE} = 'C';		# Ditto in GNU.
36
37my $Is_Amiga   = $^O eq 'amigaos';
38my $Is_Cygwin  = $^O eq 'cygwin';
39my $Is_Darwin  = $^O eq 'darwin';
40my $Is_Dos     = $^O eq 'dos';
41my $Is_MSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
42my $Is_NetWare = $^O eq 'NetWare';
43my $Is_OS2     = $^O eq 'os2';
44my $Is_Solaris = $^O eq 'solaris';
45my $Is_VMS     = $^O eq 'VMS';
46my $Is_MPRAS   = $^O =~ /svr4/ && -f '/etc/.relid';
47my $Is_Android = $^O =~ /android/;
48my $Is_Dfly    = $^O eq 'dragonfly';
49
50my $Is_Dosish  = $Is_Dos || $Is_OS2 || $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_NetWare;
51
52my $ufs_no_ctime = ($Is_Dfly || $Is_Darwin) && (() = `df -t ufs . 2>/dev/null`) == 2;
53
54my $Is_linux_container = is_linux_container();
55
56if ($Is_Cygwin && !is_miniperl) {
57  require Win32;
58  Win32->import;
59}
60
61my($DEV, $INO, $MODE, $NLINK, $UID, $GID, $RDEV, $SIZE,
62   $ATIME, $MTIME, $CTIME, $BLKSIZE, $BLOCKS) = (0..12);
63
64my $tmpfile = tempfile();
65my $tmpfile_link = tempfile();
66
67chmod 0666, $tmpfile;
68unlink_all $tmpfile;
69open(FOO, ">$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
70close FOO;
71
72open(FOO, ">$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
73
74my($nlink, $mtime, $ctime) = (stat(FOO))[$NLINK, $MTIME, $CTIME];
75
76# The clock on a network filesystem might be different from the
77# system clock.
78my $Filesystem_Time_Offset = abs($mtime - time);
79
80#nlink should if link support configured in Perl.
81SKIP: {
82    skip "No link count - Hard link support not built in.", 1
83	unless $Config{d_link};
84
85    is($nlink, 1, 'nlink on regular file');
86}
87
88SKIP: {
89  skip "mtime and ctime not reliable", 2
90    if $Is_MSWin32 or $Is_NetWare or $Is_Cygwin or $Is_Dos or $Is_Darwin;
91
92  ok( $mtime,           'mtime' );
93  is( $mtime, $ctime,   'mtime == ctime' );
94}
95
96
97# Cygwin seems to have a 3 second granularity on its timestamps.
98my $funky_FAT_timestamps = $Is_Cygwin;
99sleep 3 if $funky_FAT_timestamps;
100
101print FOO "Now is the time for all good men to come to.\n";
102close(FOO);
103
104sleep 2;
105
106my $has_link = 1;
107my $inaccurate_atime = 0;
108if (defined &Win32::IsWinNT && Win32::IsWinNT()) {
109    if (Win32::FsType() ne 'NTFS') {
110        $has_link            = 0;
111	$inaccurate_atime    = 1;
112    }
113}
114
115SKIP: {
116    skip "No link on this filesystem", 6 unless $has_link;
117    unlink $tmpfile_link;
118    my $lnk_result = eval { link $tmpfile, $tmpfile_link };
119    skip "link() unimplemented", 6 if $@ =~ /unimplemented/;
120
121    is( $@, '',         'link() implemented' );
122    ok( $lnk_result,    'linked tmp testfile' );
123    ok( chmod(0644, $tmpfile),             'chmoded tmp testfile' );
124
125    my($nlink, $mtime, $ctime) = (stat($tmpfile))[$NLINK, $MTIME, $CTIME];
126
127    SKIP: {
128        skip "No link count", 1 if $Config{dont_use_nlink};
129        skip "Cygwin9X fakes hard links by copying", 1
130          if $Config{myuname} =~ /^cygwin_(?:9\d|me)\b/i;
131
132        is($nlink, 2,     'Link count on hard linked file' );
133    }
134
135    SKIP: {
136	skip_if_miniperl("File::Spec not built for minitest", 2);
137        my $cwd = File::Spec->rel2abs($Curdir);
138        skip "Solaris tmpfs has different mtime/ctime link semantics", 2
139                                     if $Is_Solaris and $cwd =~ m#^/tmp# and
140                                        $mtime && $mtime == $ctime;
141        skip "AFS has different mtime/ctime link semantics", 2
142                                     if $cwd =~ m#$Config{'afsroot'}/#;
143        skip "AmigaOS has different mtime/ctime link semantics", 2
144                                     if $Is_Amiga;
145        # Win32 could pass $mtime test but as FAT and NTFS have
146        # no ctime concept $ctime is ALWAYS == $mtime
147        # expect netware to be the same ...
148        skip "No ctime concept on this OS", 2
149                                     if $Is_MSWin32 || $ufs_no_ctime;
150
151        if( !ok($mtime, 'hard link mtime') ||
152            !isnt($mtime, $ctime, 'hard link ctime != mtime') ) {
153            print STDERR <<DIAG;
154# Check if you are on a tmpfs of some sort.  Building in /tmp sometimes
155# has this problem.  Building on the ClearCase VOBS filesystem may also
156# cause this failure.
157#
158# Some UFS implementations don't have a ctime concept, and thus are
159# expected to fail this test.
160DIAG
161        }
162    }
163
164}
165
166# truncate and touch $tmpfile.
167open(F, ">$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
168ok(-z \*F,     '-z on empty filehandle');
169ok(! -s \*F,   '   and -s');
170close F;
171
172ok(-z $tmpfile,     '-z on empty file');
173ok(! -s $tmpfile,   '   and -s');
174
175open(F, ">$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
176print F "hi\n";
177close F;
178
179open(F, "<$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
180ok(!-z *F,     '-z on empty filehandle');
181ok( -s *F,   '   and -s');
182close F;
183
184ok(! -z $tmpfile,   '-z on non-empty file');
185ok(-s $tmpfile,     '   and -s');
186
187
188# Strip all access rights from the file.
189ok( chmod(0000, $tmpfile),     'chmod 0000' );
190
191SKIP: {
192    skip "-r, -w and -x have different meanings on VMS", 3 if $Is_VMS;
193
194    SKIP: {
195        # Going to try to switch away from root.  Might not work.
196        my $olduid = $>;
197        eval { $> = 1; };
198        skip "Can't test -r or -w meaningfully if you're superuser", 2
199          if ($Is_Cygwin ? _ingroup(544, 1) : $> == 0);
200
201        SKIP: {
202            skip "Can't test -r meaningfully?", 1 if $Is_Dos;
203            ok(!-r $tmpfile,    "   -r");
204        }
205
206        ok(!-w $tmpfile,    "   -w");
207
208        # switch uid back (may not be implemented)
209        eval { $> = $olduid; };
210    }
211
212    ok(! -x $tmpfile,   '   -x');
213}
214
215
216
217ok(chmod(0700,$tmpfile),    'chmod 0700');
218ok(-r $tmpfile,     '   -r');
219ok(-w $tmpfile,     '   -w');
220
221SKIP: {
222    skip "-x simply determines if a file ends in an executable suffix", 1
223      if $Is_Dosish;
224
225    ok(-x $tmpfile,     '   -x');
226}
227
228ok(  -f $tmpfile,   '   -f');
229ok(! -d $tmpfile,   '   !-d');
230
231# Is this portable?
232ok(  -d '.',          '-d cwd' );
233ok(! -f '.',          '!-f cwd' );
234
235
236SKIP: {
237    unlink($tmpfile_link);
238    my $symlink_rslt = eval { symlink $tmpfile, $tmpfile_link };
239    skip "symlink not implemented", 3 if $@ =~ /unimplemented/;
240
241    is( $@, '',     'symlink() implemented' );
242    ok( $symlink_rslt,      'symlink() ok' );
243    ok(-l $tmpfile_link,    '-l');
244}
245
246ok(-o $tmpfile,     '-o');
247
248ok(-e $tmpfile,     '-e');
249
250unlink($tmpfile_link);
251ok(! -e $tmpfile_link,  '   -e on unlinked file');
252
253SKIP: {
254    skip "No character, socket or block special files", 6
255      if $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_NetWare || $Is_Dos;
256    skip "/dev isn't available to test against", 6
257      unless -d '/dev' && -r '/dev' && -x '/dev';
258    skip "Skipping: unexpected ls output in MP-RAS", 6
259      if $Is_MPRAS;
260
261    # VMS problem:  If GNV or other UNIX like tool is installed, then
262    # sometimes Perl will find /bin/ls, and will try to run it.
263    # But since Perl on VMS does not know to run it under Bash, it will
264    # try to run the DCL verb LS.  And if the VMS product Language
265    # Sensitive Editor is installed, or some other LS verb, that will
266    # be run instead.  So do not do this until we can teach Perl
267    # when to use BASH on VMS.
268    skip "ls command not available to Perl in OpenVMS right now.", 6
269      if $Is_VMS;
270
271    delete $ENV{CLICOLOR_FORCE};
272    my $LS  = $Config{d_readlink} && !$Is_Android ? "ls -lL" : "ls -l";
273    my $CMD = "$LS /dev 2>/dev/null";
274    my $DEV = qx($CMD);
275
276    skip "$CMD failed", 6 if $DEV eq '';
277
278    my @DEV = do { my $dev; opendir($dev, "/dev") ? readdir($dev) : () };
279
280    skip "opendir failed: $!", 6 if @DEV == 0;
281
282    # /dev/stdout might be either character special or a named pipe,
283    # or a symlink, or a socket, depending on which OS and how are
284    # you running the test, so let's censor that one away.
285    # Similar remarks hold for stderr.
286    $DEV =~ s{^[cpls].+?\sstdout$}{}m;
287    @DEV =  grep { $_ ne 'stdout' } @DEV;
288    $DEV =~ s{^[cpls].+?\sstderr$}{}m;
289    @DEV =  grep { $_ ne 'stderr' } @DEV;
290
291    # /dev/printer is also naughty: in IRIX it shows up as
292    # Srwx-----, not srwx------.
293    $DEV =~ s{^.+?\sprinter$}{}m;
294    @DEV =  grep { $_ ne 'printer' } @DEV;
295
296    # If running as root, we will see .files in the ls result,
297    # and readdir() will see them always.  Potential for conflict,
298    # so let's weed them out.
299    $DEV =~ s{^.+?\s\..+?$}{}m;
300    @DEV =  grep { ! m{^\..+$} } @DEV;
301
302    # Irix ls -l marks sockets with 'S' while 's' is a 'XENIX semaphore'.
303    if ($^O eq 'irix') {
304        $DEV =~ s{^S(.+?)}{s$1}mg;
305    }
306
307    my $try = sub {
308	my @c1 = eval qq[\$DEV =~ /^$_[0].*/mg];
309	my @c2 = eval qq[grep { $_[1] "/dev/\$_" } \@DEV];
310	my $c1 = scalar @c1;
311	my $c2 = scalar @c2;
312	is($c1, $c2, "ls and $_[1] agreeing on /dev ($c1 $c2)");
313    };
314
315{
316    $try->('b', '-b');
317    $try->('c', '-c');
318    $try->('s', '-S');
319}
320
321ok(! -b $Curdir,    '!-b cwd');
322ok(! -c $Curdir,    '!-c cwd');
323ok(! -S $Curdir,    '!-S cwd');
324
325}
326
327SKIP: {
328    my($cnt, $uid);
329    $cnt = $uid = 0;
330
331    # Find a set of directories that's very likely to have setuid files
332    # but not likely to be *all* setuid files.
333    my @bin = grep {-d && -r && -x} qw(/sbin /usr/sbin /bin /usr/bin);
334    skip "Can't find a setuid file to test with", 3 unless @bin;
335
336    for my $bin (@bin) {
337        opendir BIN, $bin or die "Can't opendir $bin: $!";
338        while (defined($_ = readdir BIN)) {
339            $_ = "$bin/$_";
340            $cnt++;
341            $uid++ if -u;
342            last if $uid && $uid < $cnt;
343        }
344    }
345    closedir BIN;
346
347    skip "No setuid programs", 3 if $uid == 0;
348
349    isnt($cnt, 0,    'found some programs');
350    isnt($uid, 0,    '  found some setuid programs');
351    ok($uid < $cnt,  "    they're not all setuid");
352}
353
354
355# To assist in automated testing when a controlling terminal (/dev/tty)
356# may not be available (at, cron  rsh etc), the PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST env var
357# can be set to skip the tests that need a tty.
358SKIP: {
359    skip "These tests require a TTY", 4 if $ENV{PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST};
360    skip "Skipping TTY tests on linux containers", 4 if $Is_linux_container;
361
362    my $TTY = "/dev/tty";
363
364    SKIP: {
365        skip "Test uses unixisms", 2 if $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_NetWare;
366        skip "No TTY to test -t with", 2 unless -e $TTY;
367
368        open(TTY, $TTY) ||
369          warn "Can't open $TTY--run t/TEST outside of make.\n";
370        ok(-t TTY,  '-t');
371        ok(-c TTY,  'tty is -c');
372        close(TTY);
373    }
374    ok(! -t TTY,    '!-t on closed TTY filehandle');
375
376    {
377        local our $TODO = 'STDIN not a tty when output is to pipe' if $Is_VMS;
378        ok(-t,          '-t on STDIN');
379    }
380}
381
382SKIP: {
383    skip "No null device to test with", 1 unless -e $Null;
384    skip "We know Win32 thinks '$Null' is a TTY", 1 if $Is_MSWin32;
385
386    open(NULL, $Null) or DIE("Can't open $Null: $!");
387    ok(! -t NULL,   'null device is not a TTY');
388    close(NULL);
389}
390
391
392# These aren't strictly "stat" calls, but so what?
393my $statfile = './op/stat.t';
394ok(  -T $statfile,    '-T');
395ok(! -B $statfile,    '!-B');
396ok(-B $Perl,      '-B');
397ok(! -T $Perl,    '!-T');
398
399open(FOO,$statfile);
400SKIP: {
401    eval { -T FOO; };
402    skip "-T/B on filehandle not implemented", 15 if $@ =~ /not implemented/;
403
404    is( $@, '',     '-T on filehandle causes no errors' );
405
406    ok(-T FOO,      '   -T');
407    ok(! -B FOO,    '   !-B');
408
409    $_ = <FOO>;
410    like($_, qr/perl/, 'after readline');
411    ok(-T FOO,      '   still -T');
412    ok(! -B FOO,    '   still -B');
413    close(FOO);
414
415    open(FOO,$statfile);
416    $_ = <FOO>;
417    like($_, qr/perl/,      'reopened and after readline');
418    ok(-T FOO,      '   still -T');
419    ok(! -B FOO,    '   still !-B');
420
421    ok(seek(FOO,0,0),   'after seek');
422    ok(-T FOO,          '   still -T');
423    ok(! -B FOO,        '   still !-B');
424
425    # It's documented this way in perlfunc *shrug*
426    () = <FOO>;
427    ok(eof FOO,         'at EOF');
428    ok(-T FOO,          '   still -T');
429    ok(-B FOO,          '   now -B');
430}
431close(FOO);
432
433
434SKIP: {
435    skip "No null device to test with", 2 unless -e $Null;
436
437    ok(-T $Null,  'null device is -T');
438    ok(-B $Null,  '    and -B');
439}
440
441
442# and now, a few parsing tests:
443$_ = $tmpfile;
444ok(-f,      'bare -f   uses $_');
445ok(-f(),    '     -f() "');
446
447unlink $tmpfile or print "# unlink failed: $!\n";
448
449# bug id 20011101.069 (#7861)
450my @r = \stat($Curdir);
451is(scalar @r, 13,   'stat returns full 13 elements');
452
453stat $0;
454eval { lstat _ };
455like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding lstat\(\) wasn't an lstat/,
456    'lstat _ croaks after stat' );
457eval { lstat *_ };
458like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding lstat\(\) wasn't an lstat/,
459    'lstat *_ croaks after stat' );
460eval { lstat \*_ };
461like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding lstat\(\) wasn't an lstat/,
462    'lstat \*_ croaks after stat' );
463eval { -l _ };
464like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat/,
465    '-l _ croaks after stat' );
466
467lstat $0;
468eval { lstat _ };
469is( "$@", "", "lstat _ ok after lstat" );
470eval { -l _ };
471is( "$@", "", "-l _ ok after lstat" );
472
473eval { lstat "test.pl" };
474{
475    open my $fh, "test.pl";
476    stat *$fh{IO};
477    eval { lstat _ }
478}
479like $@, qr/^The stat preceding lstat\(\) wasn't an lstat at /,
480'stat $ioref resets stat type';
481
482{
483    open(FOO, ">$tmpfile") || DIE("Can't open temp test file: $!");
484    my @statbuf = stat FOO;
485    stat "test.pl";
486    no warnings 'io';
487    my @lstatbuf = lstat *FOO{IO};
488    is "@lstatbuf", "@statbuf", 'lstat $ioref reverts to regular fstat';
489    close(FOO);
490    unlink $tmpfile or print "# unlink failed: $!\n";
491}
492
493SKIP: {
494    skip "No lstat", 2 unless $Config{d_lstat};
495
496    # bug id 20020124.004 (#8334)
497    # If we have d_lstat, we should have symlink()
498    my $linkname = 'stat-' . rand =~ y/.//dr;
499    my $target = $Perl;
500    $target =~ s/;\d+\z// if $Is_VMS; # symlinks don't like version numbers
501    symlink $target, $linkname or die "# Can't symlink $0: $!";
502    lstat $linkname;
503    -T _;
504    eval { lstat _ };
505    like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding lstat\(\) wasn't an lstat/,
506	'lstat croaks after -T _' );
507    eval { -l _ };
508    like( $@, qr/^The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat/,
509	'-l _ croaks after -T _' );
510    unlink $linkname or print "# unlink $linkname failed: $!\n";
511}
512
513SKIP: {
514    skip "Too much clock skew between system and filesystem", 5
515	if ($Filesystem_Time_Offset > 5);
516    print "# Zzz...\n";
517    sleep($Filesystem_Time_Offset+1);
518    my $f = 'tstamp.tmp';
519    unlink $f;
520    ok (open(S, "> $f"), 'can create tmp file');
521    close S or die;
522    my @a = stat $f;
523    print "# time=$^T, stat=(@a)\n";
524    my @b = (-M _, -A _, -C _);
525    print "# -MAC=(@b)\n";
526    ok( (-M _) < 0, 'negative -M works');
527  SKIP:
528    {
529        skip "Access timestamps inaccurate", 1 if $inaccurate_atime;
530        ok( (-A _) < 0, 'negative -A works');
531    }
532    ok( (-C _) < 0, 'negative -C works');
533    ok(unlink($f), 'unlink tmp file');
534}
535
536# [perl #4253]
537{
538    ok(open(F, ">", $tmpfile), 'can create temp file');
539    close F;
540    chmod 0077, $tmpfile;
541    my @a = stat($tmpfile);
542    my $s1 = -s _;
543    -T _;
544    my $s2 = -s _;
545    is($s1, $s2, q(-T _ doesn't break the statbuffer));
546    SKIP: {
547	my $root_uid = $Is_Cygwin ? 18 : 0;
548	skip "No lstat", 1 unless $Config{d_lstat};
549	skip "uid=0", 1 if $< == $root_uid or $> == $root_uid;
550	skip "Can't check if admin user in miniperl", 1
551	  if $^O =~ /^(cygwin|MSWin32|msys)$/ && is_miniperl();
552	skip "Readable by group/other means readable by me on $^O", 1 if $^O eq 'VMS'
553          or ($^O =~ /^(cygwin|MSWin32|msys)$/ and Win32::IsAdminUser());
554	lstat($tmpfile);
555	-T _;
556	ok(eval { lstat _ },
557	   q(-T _ doesn't break lstat for unreadable file));
558    }
559    unlink $tmpfile;
560}
561
562SKIP: {
563    skip "No dirfd()", 4 unless $Config{d_dirfd} || $Config{d_dir_dd_fd};
564    ok(opendir(DIR, "."), 'Can open "." dir') || diag "Can't open '.':  $!";
565    ok(stat(DIR), "stat() on dirhandle works");
566    ok(-d -r _ , "chained -x's on dirhandle");
567    ok(-d DIR, "-d on a dirhandle works");
568    closedir DIR or die $!;
569}
570
571{
572    # RT #8244: *FILE{IO} does not behave like *FILE for stat() and -X() operators
573    ok(open(F, ">", $tmpfile), 'can create temp file');
574    my @thwap = stat *F{IO};
575    ok(@thwap, "stat(*F{IO}) works");
576    ok( -f *F{IO} , "single file tests work with *F{IO}");
577    close F;
578    unlink $tmpfile;
579
580    #PVIO's hold dirhandle information, so let's test them too.
581
582    SKIP: {
583        skip "No dirfd()", 4 unless $Config{d_dirfd} || $Config{d_dir_dd_fd};
584        ok(opendir(DIR, "."), 'Can open "." dir') || diag "Can't open '.':  $!";
585        ok(stat(*DIR{IO}), "stat() on *DIR{IO} works");
586	ok(-d _ , "The special file handle _ is set correctly");
587        ok(-d -r *DIR{IO} , "chained -x's on *DIR{IO}");
588	closedir DIR or die $!;
589    }
590}
591
592# [perl #71002]
593{
594    my $w;
595    local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { warn shift; ++$w };
596    stat 'prepeinamehyparcheiarcheiometoonomaavto';
597    stat _;
598    is $w, undef, 'no unopened warning from stat _';
599}
600
601{
602    # [perl #123816]
603    # Inappropriate stacking of l?stat with filetests should either work or
604    # give a syntax error, they shouldn't crash.
605    eval { stat -t };
606    ok(1, 'can "stat -t" without crashing');
607	eval { lstat -t };
608    ok(1, 'can "lstat -t" without crashing');
609}
610
611# [perl #126064] stat stat stack busting
612is join("-", 1,2,3,(stat stat stat),4,5,6), "1-2-3-4-5-6",
613  'stat inside stat gets scalar context';
614
615# [perl #126162] stat an array should not work
616# skip if -e '2'.
617SKIP:
618{
619    skip "There is a file named '2', which invalidates this test", 2 if -e '2';
620
621    my $Errno_loaded = eval { require Errno };
622    my @statarg = ($statfile, $statfile);
623    no warnings 'syntax';
624    ok !stat(@statarg),
625    'stat on an array of valid paths should warn and should not return any data';
626    my $error = 0+$!;
627    skip "Errno not available", 1
628      unless $Errno_loaded;
629    is $error, &Errno::ENOENT,
630      'stat on an array of valid paths should return ENOENT';
631}
632
633# [perl #131895] stat() doesn't fail on filenames containing \0 / NUL
634{
635    no warnings 'syscalls';
636    ok !stat("TEST\0-"), 'stat on filename with \0';
637}
638SKIP: {
639    my $link = "stat_t_$$\_TEST.symlink";
640    my $can_symlink = eval { symlink "TEST", $link };
641    skip "cannot symlink", 1 unless $can_symlink;
642    no warnings 'syscalls';
643    ok !lstat("$link\0-"), 'lstat on filename with \0';
644    unlink $link;
645}
646
647END {
648    chmod 0666, $tmpfile;
649    unlink_all $tmpfile;
650}
651
652sub _ingroup {
653    my ($gid, $eff)   = @_;
654
655    $^O eq "VMS"    and return $_[0] == $);
656
657    my ($egid, @supp) = split " ", $);
658    my ($rgid)        = split " ", $(;
659
660    $gid == ($eff ? $egid : $rgid)  and return 1;
661    grep $gid == $_, @supp          and return 1;
662
663    return "";
664}
665