xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/perl/t/op/sub_lval.t (revision 8529ddd3)
1BEGIN {
2    chdir 't' if -d 't';
3    @INC = '../lib';
4    require './test.pl';
5}
6plan tests=>205;
7
8sub a : lvalue { my $a = 34; ${\(bless \$a)} }  # Return a temporary
9sub b : lvalue { ${\shift} }
10
11my $out = a(b());		# Check that temporaries are allowed.
12is(ref $out, 'main'); # Not reached if error.
13
14my @out = grep /main/, a(b()); # Check that temporaries are allowed.
15cmp_ok(scalar @out, '==', 1); # Not reached if error.
16
17my $in;
18
19# Check that we can return localized values from subroutines:
20
21sub in : lvalue { $in = shift; }
22sub neg : lvalue {  #(num_str) return num_str
23    local $_ = shift;
24    s/^\+/-/;
25    $_;
26}
27in(neg("+2"));
28
29
30is($in, '-2');
31
32sub get_lex : lvalue { $in }
33sub get_st : lvalue { $blah }
34sub id : lvalue { ${\shift} }
35sub id1 : lvalue { $_[0] }
36sub inc : lvalue { ${\++$_[0]} }
37
38$in = 5;
39$blah = 3;
40
41get_st = 7;
42
43cmp_ok($blah, '==', 7);
44
45get_lex = 7;
46
47cmp_ok($in, '==', 7);
48
49++get_st;
50
51cmp_ok($blah, '==', 8);
52
53++get_lex;
54
55cmp_ok($in, '==', 8);
56
57id(get_st) = 10;
58
59cmp_ok($blah, '==', 10);
60
61id(get_lex) = 10;
62
63cmp_ok($in, '==', 10);
64
65++id(get_st);
66
67cmp_ok($blah, '==', 11);
68
69++id(get_lex);
70
71cmp_ok($in, '==', 11);
72
73id1(get_st) = 20;
74
75cmp_ok($blah, '==', 20);
76
77id1(get_lex) = 20;
78
79cmp_ok($in, '==', 20);
80
81++id1(get_st);
82
83cmp_ok($blah, '==', 21);
84
85++id1(get_lex);
86
87cmp_ok($in, '==', 21);
88
89inc(get_st);
90
91cmp_ok($blah, '==', 22);
92
93inc(get_lex);
94
95cmp_ok($in, '==', 22);
96
97inc(id(get_st));
98
99cmp_ok($blah, '==', 23);
100
101inc(id(get_lex));
102
103cmp_ok($in, '==', 23);
104
105++inc(id1(id(get_st)));
106
107cmp_ok($blah, '==', 25);
108
109++inc(id1(id(get_lex)));
110
111cmp_ok($in, '==', 25);
112
113@a = (1) x 3;
114@b = (undef) x 2;
115$#c = 3;			# These slots are not fillable.
116
117# Explanation: empty slots contain &sv_undef.
118
119=for disabled constructs
120
121sub a3 :lvalue {@a}
122sub b2 : lvalue {@b}
123sub c4: lvalue {@c}
124
125$_ = '';
126
127eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
128  ($x, a3, $y, b2, $z, c4, $t) = (34 .. 78);
129  1;
130EOE
131
132#@out = ($x, a3, $y, b2, $z, c4, $t);
133#@in = (34 .. 41, (undef) x 4, 46);
134#print "# '@out' ne '@in'\nnot " unless "@out" eq "@in";
135
136like($_, qr/Can\'t return an uninitialized value from lvalue subroutine/);
137print "ok 22\n";
138
139=cut
140
141
142my $var;
143
144sub a::var : lvalue { $var }
145
146"a"->var = 45;
147
148cmp_ok($var, '==', 45);
149
150my $oo;
151$o = bless \$oo, "a";
152
153$o->var = 47;
154
155cmp_ok($var, '==', 47);
156
157sub o : lvalue { $o }
158
159o->var = 49;
160
161cmp_ok($var, '==', 49);
162
163sub nolv () { $x0, $x1 } # Not lvalue
164
165$_ = '';
166
167eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
168  nolv = (2,3);
169  1;
170EOE
171
172like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call in scalar assignment/);
173
174$_ = '';
175
176eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
177  nolv = (2,3) if $_;
178  1;
179EOE
180
181like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call in scalar assignment/);
182
183$_ = '';
184
185eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
186  &nolv = (2,3) if $_;
187  1;
188EOE
189
190like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call in scalar assignment/);
191
192$x0 = $x1 = $_ = undef;
193$nolv = \&nolv;
194
195eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
196  $nolv->() = (2,3) if $_;
197  1;
198EOE
199
200ok(!defined $_) or diag "'$_', '$x0', '$x1'";
201
202$x0 = $x1 = $_ = undef;
203$nolv = \&nolv;
204
205eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
206  $nolv->() = (2,3);
207  1;
208EOE
209
210like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call/)
211  or diag "'$_', '$x0', '$x1'";
212
213sub lv0 : lvalue { }
214sub rlv0 : lvalue { return }
215
216$_ = undef;
217eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
218  lv0 = (2,3);
219  1;
220EOE
221
222like($_, qr/Can't return undef from lvalue subroutine/);
223
224$_ = undef;
225eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
226  rlv0 = (2,3);
227  1;
228EOE
229
230like($_, qr/Can't return undef from lvalue subroutine/,
231    'explicit return of nothing in scalar context');
232
233$_ = undef;
234eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
235  (lv0) = (2,3);
236  1;
237EOE
238
239ok(!defined $_) or diag $_;
240
241$_ = undef;
242eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
243  (rlv0) = (2,3);
244  1;
245EOE
246
247ok(!defined $_, 'explicit return of nothing in list context') or diag $_;
248
249($a,$b)=();
250(lv0($a,$b)) = (3,4);
251is +($a//'undef') . ($b//'undef'), 'undefundef',
252   'list assignment to empty lvalue sub';
253
254
255sub lv1u :lvalue { undef }
256sub rlv1u :lvalue { undef }
257
258$_ = undef;
259eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
260  lv1u = (2,3);
261  1;
262EOE
263
264like($_, qr/Can't return undef from lvalue subroutine/);
265
266$_ = undef;
267eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
268  rlv1u = (2,3);
269  1;
270EOE
271
272like($_, qr/Can't return undef from lvalue subroutine/,
273     'explicitly returning undef in scalar context');
274
275$_ = undef;
276eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
277  (lv1u) = (2,3);
278  1;
279EOE
280
281ok(!defined, 'implicitly returning undef in list context');
282
283$_ = undef;
284eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
285  (rlv1u) = (2,3);
286  1;
287EOE
288
289ok(!defined, 'explicitly returning undef in list context');
290
291$x = '1234567';
292
293$_ = undef;
294eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
295  sub lv1t : lvalue { index $x, 2 }
296  lv1t = (2,3);
297  1;
298EOE
299
300like($_, qr/Can\'t return a temporary from lvalue subroutine/);
301
302$_ = undef;
303eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
304  sub rlv1t : lvalue { index $x, 2 }
305  rlv1t = (2,3);
306  1;
307EOE
308
309like($_, qr/Can\'t return a temporary from lvalue subroutine/,
310    'returning a PADTMP explicitly');
311
312$_ = undef;
313eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
314  (rlv1t) = (2,3);
315  1;
316EOE
317
318like($_, qr/Can\'t return a temporary from lvalue subroutine/,
319    'returning a PADTMP explicitly (list context)');
320
321# These next two tests are not necessarily normative.  But this way we will
322# know if this discrepancy changes.
323
324$_ = undef;
325eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
326  sub scalarray : lvalue { @a || $b }
327  @a = 1;
328  (scalarray) = (2,3);
329  1;
330EOE
331
332like($_, qr/Can\'t return a temporary from lvalue subroutine/,
333    'returning a scalar-context array via ||');
334
335$_ = undef;
336eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
337  use warnings "FATAL" => "all";
338  sub myscalarray : lvalue { my @a = 1; @a || $b }
339  (myscalarray) = (2,3);
340  1;
341EOE
342
343like($_, qr/Useless assignment to a temporary/,
344    'returning a scalar-context lexical array via ||');
345
346$_ = undef;
347sub lv2t : lvalue { shift }
348(lv2t($_)) = (2,3);
349is($_, 2);
350
351$xxx = 'xxx';
352sub xxx () { $xxx }  # Not lvalue
353
354$_ = undef;
355eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
356  sub lv1tmp : lvalue { xxx }			# is it a TEMP?
357  lv1tmp = (2,3);
358  1;
359EOE
360
361like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call at /);
362
363$_ = undef;
364eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
365  (lv1tmp) = (2,3);
366  1;
367EOE
368
369like($_, qr/Can\'t modify non-lvalue subroutine call at /);
370
371sub yyy () { 'yyy' } # Const, not lvalue
372
373$_ = undef;
374eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
375  sub lv1tmpr : lvalue { yyy }			# is it read-only?
376  lv1tmpr = (2,3);
377  1;
378EOE
379
380like($_, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine at/);
381
382$_ = undef;
383eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
384  (lv1tmpr) = (2,3);
385  1;
386EOE
387
388like($_, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine/);
389
390sub lva : lvalue {@a}
391
392$_ = undef;
393@a = ();
394$a[1] = 12;
395eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
396  (lva) = (2,3);
397  1;
398EOE
399
400is("'@a' $_", "'2 3' ");
401
402$_ = undef;
403@a = ();
404$a[0] = undef;
405$a[1] = 12;
406eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
407  (lva) = (2,3);
408  1;
409EOE
410
411is("'@a' $_", "'2 3' ");
412
413is lva->${\sub { return $_[0] }}, 2,
414  'lvalue->$thing when lvalue returns array';
415
416my @my = qw/ a b c /;
417sub lvmya : lvalue { @my }
418
419is lvmya->${\sub { return $_[0] }}, 3,
420  'lvalue->$thing when lvalue returns lexical array';
421
422sub lv1n : lvalue { $newvar }
423
424$_ = undef;
425eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
426  lv1n = (3,4);
427  1;
428EOE
429
430is("'$newvar' $_", "'4' ");
431
432sub lv1nn : lvalue { $nnewvar }
433
434$_ = undef;
435eval <<'EOE' or $_ = $@;
436  (lv1nn) = (3,4);
437  1;
438EOE
439
440is("'$nnewvar' $_", "'3' ");
441
442$a = \&lv1nn;
443$a->() = 8;
444is($nnewvar, '8');
445
446eval 'sub AUTOLOAD : lvalue { $newvar }';
447foobar() = 12;
448is($newvar, "12");
449
450# But autoloading should only be triggered by a call to an undefined
451# subroutine.
452&{"lv1nn"} = 14;
453is $newvar, 12, 'AUTOLOAD does not take precedence over lvalue sub';
454eval { &{"xxx"} = 14 };
455is $newvar, 12, 'AUTOLOAD does not take precedence over non-lvalue sub';
456
457{
458my %hash; my @array;
459sub alv : lvalue { $array[1] }
460sub alv2 : lvalue { $array[$_[0]] }
461sub hlv : lvalue { $hash{"foo"} }
462sub hlv2 : lvalue { $hash{$_[0]} }
463$array[1] = "not ok 51\n";
464alv() = "ok 50\n";
465is(alv(), "ok 50\n");
466
467alv2(20) = "ok 51\n";
468is($array[20], "ok 51\n");
469
470$hash{"foo"} = "not ok 52\n";
471hlv() = "ok 52\n";
472is($hash{foo}, "ok 52\n");
473
474$hash{bar} = "not ok 53\n";
475hlv("bar") = "ok 53\n";
476is(hlv("bar"), "ok 53\n");
477
478sub array : lvalue  { @array  }
479sub array2 : lvalue { @array2 } # This is a global.
480sub hash : lvalue   { %hash   }
481sub hash2 : lvalue  { %hash2  } # So's this.
482@array2 = qw(foo bar);
483%hash2 = qw(foo bar);
484
485(array()) = qw(ok 54);
486is("@array", "ok 54");
487
488(array2()) = qw(ok 55);
489is("@array2", "ok 55");
490
491(hash()) = qw(ok 56);
492cmp_ok($hash{ok}, '==', 56);
493
494(hash2()) = qw(ok 57);
495cmp_ok($hash2{ok}, '==', 57);
496
497@array = qw(a b c d);
498sub aslice1 : lvalue { @array[0,2] };
499(aslice1()) = ("ok", "already");
500is("@array", "ok b already d");
501
502@array2 = qw(a B c d);
503sub aslice2 : lvalue { @array2[0,2] };
504(aslice2()) = ("ok", "already");
505is("@array2", "ok B already d");
506
507%hash = qw(a Alpha b Beta c Gamma);
508sub hslice : lvalue { @hash{"c", "b"} }
509(hslice()) = ("CISC", "BogoMIPS");
510is(join("/",@hash{"c","a","b"}), "CISC/Alpha/BogoMIPS");
511}
512
513$str = "Hello, world!";
514sub sstr : lvalue { substr($str, 1, 4) }
515sstr() = "i";
516is($str, "Hi, world!");
517
518$str = "Made w/ JavaScript";
519sub veclv : lvalue { vec($str, 2, 32) }
520if (ord('A') != 193) {
521    veclv() = 0x5065726C;
522}
523else { # EBCDIC?
524    veclv() = 0xD7859993;
525}
526is($str, "Made w/ PerlScript");
527
528sub position : lvalue { pos }
529@p = ();
530$_ = "fee fi fo fum";
531while (/f/g) {
532    push @p, position;
533    position() += 6;
534}
535is("@p", "1 8");
536
537sub keeze : lvalue { keys %__ }
538%__ = ("a","b");
539keeze = 64;
540is scalar %__, '1/64', 'keys assignment through lvalue sub';
541
542# Bug 20001223.002: split thought that the list had only one element
543@ary = qw(4 5 6);
544sub lval1 : lvalue { $ary[0]; }
545sub lval2 : lvalue { $ary[1]; }
546(lval1(), lval2()) = split ' ', "1 2 3 4";
547
548is(join(':', @ary), "1:2:6");
549
550# check that an element of a tied hash/array can be assigned to via lvalueness
551
552package Tie_Hash;
553
554our ($key, $val);
555sub TIEHASH { bless \my $v => __PACKAGE__ }
556sub STORE   { ($key, $val) = @_[1,2] }
557
558package main;
559sub lval_tie_hash : lvalue {
560    tie my %t => 'Tie_Hash';
561    $t{key};
562}
563
564eval { lval_tie_hash() = "value"; };
565
566is($@, "", "element of tied hash");
567
568is("$Tie_Hash::key-$Tie_Hash::val", "key-value");
569
570
571package Tie_Array;
572
573our @val;
574sub TIEARRAY { bless \my $v => __PACKAGE__ }
575sub STORE   { $val[ $_[1] ] = $_[2] }
576
577package main;
578sub lval_tie_array : lvalue {
579    tie my @t => 'Tie_Array';
580    $t[0];
581}
582
583eval { lval_tie_array() = "value"; };
584
585
586is($@, "", "element of tied array");
587
588is ($Tie_Array::val[0], "value");
589
590
591# Check that tied pad vars that are returned can be assigned to
592sub TIESCALAR { bless [] }
593sub STORE {$wheel = $_[1]}
594sub FETCH {$wheel}
595sub tied_pad_var  :lvalue { tie my $tyre, ''; $tyre }
596sub tied_pad_varr :lvalue { tie my $tyre, ''; return $tyre }
597tied_pad_var = 1;
598is $wheel, 1, 'tied pad var returned in scalar lvalue context';
599tied_pad_var->${\sub{ $_[0] = 2 }};
600is $wheel, 2, 'tied pad var returned in scalar ref context';
601(tied_pad_var) = 3;
602is $wheel, 3, 'tied pad var returned in list lvalue context';
603$_ = 4 for tied_pad_var;
604is $wheel, 4, 'tied pad var returned in list ref context';
605tied_pad_varr = 5;
606is $wheel, 5, 'tied pad var explicitly returned in scalar lvalue context';
607tied_pad_varr->${\sub{ $_[0] = 6 }};
608is $wheel, 6, 'tied pad var explicitly returned in scalar ref context';
609(tied_pad_varr) = 7;
610is $wheel, 7, 'tied pad var explicitly returned in list lvalue context';
611$_ = 8 for tied_pad_varr;
612is $wheel, 8, 'tied pad var explicitly returned in list ref context';
613
614
615# Test explicit return of lvalue expression
616{
617    # subs are copies from tests 1-~18 with an explicit return added.
618    # They used not to work, which is why they are ‘badly’ named.
619    sub bad_get_lex : lvalue { return $in };
620    sub bad_get_st  : lvalue { return $blah }
621
622    sub bad_id  : lvalue { return ${\shift} }
623    sub bad_id1 : lvalue { return $_[0] }
624    sub bad_inc : lvalue { return ${\++$_[0]} }
625
626    $in = 5;
627    $blah = 3;
628
629    bad_get_st = 7;
630
631    is( $blah, 7 );
632
633    bad_get_lex = 7;
634
635    is($in, 7, "yada");
636
637    ++bad_get_st;
638
639    is($blah, 8, "yada");
640
641    ++bad_get_lex;
642    cmp_ok($in, '==', 8);
643
644    bad_id(bad_get_st) = 10;
645    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 10);
646
647    bad_id(bad_get_lex) = 10;
648    cmp_ok($in, '==', 10);
649
650    ++bad_id(bad_get_st);
651    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 11);
652
653    ++bad_id(bad_get_lex);
654    cmp_ok($in, '==', 11);
655
656    bad_id1(bad_get_st) = 20;
657    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 20);
658
659    bad_id1(bad_get_lex) = 20;
660    cmp_ok($in, '==', 20);
661
662    ++bad_id1(bad_get_st);
663    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 21);
664
665    ++bad_id1(bad_get_lex);
666    cmp_ok($in, '==', 21);
667
668    bad_inc(bad_get_st);
669    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 22);
670
671    bad_inc(bad_get_lex);
672    cmp_ok($in, '==', 22);
673
674    bad_inc(bad_id(bad_get_st));
675    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 23);
676
677    bad_inc(bad_id(bad_get_lex));
678    cmp_ok($in, '==', 23);
679
680    ++bad_inc(bad_id1(bad_id(bad_get_st)));
681    cmp_ok($blah, '==', 25);
682
683    ++bad_inc(bad_id1(bad_id(bad_get_lex)));
684    cmp_ok($in, '==', 25);
685
686    # Recursive
687    my $r;
688    my $to_modify;
689    $r = sub :lvalue {
690      my $depth = shift//0;
691      if ($depth == 2) { return $to_modify }
692      return &$r($depth+1);
693    };
694    &$r(0) = 7;
695    is $to_modify, 7, 'recursive lvalue sub';
696
697    # Recursive with substr [perl #72706]
698    my $val = '';
699    my $pie;
700    $pie = sub :lvalue {
701	my $depth = shift;
702	return &$pie($depth) if $depth--;
703	substr $val, 0;
704    };
705    for my $depth (0, 1, 2) {
706	my $value = "Good $depth";
707	eval {
708	    &$pie($depth) = $value;
709	};
710	is($@, '', "recursive lvalue substr return depth $depth");
711	is($val, $value,
712	   "value assigned to recursive lvalue substr (depth $depth)");
713    }
714}
715
716{ # bug #23790
717    my @arr  = qw /one two three/;
718    my $line = "zero";
719    sub lval_array () : lvalue {@arr}
720
721    for (lval_array) {
722        $line .= $_;
723    }
724
725    is($line, "zeroonetwothree");
726
727    sub trythislval { scalar(@_)."x".join "", @_ }
728    is(trythislval(lval_array()), "3xonetwothree");
729
730    sub changeme { $_[2] = "free" }
731    changeme(lval_array);
732    is("@arr", "one two free");
733
734    # test again, with explicit return
735    sub rlval_array() : lvalue {return @arr}
736    @arr  = qw /one two three/;
737    $line = "zero";
738    for (rlval_array) {
739        $line .= $_;
740    }
741    is($line, "zeroonetwothree");
742    is(trythislval(rlval_array()), "3xonetwothree");
743    changeme(rlval_array);
744    is("@arr", "one two free");
745
746    # Variations on the same theme, with multiple vars returned
747    my $scalar = 'half';
748    sub lval_scalar_array () : lvalue { $scalar, @arr }
749    @arr  = qw /one two three/;
750    $line = "zero";
751    for (lval_scalar_array) {
752        $line .= $_;
753    }
754    is($line, "zerohalfonetwothree");
755    is(trythislval(lval_scalar_array()), "4xhalfonetwothree");
756    changeme(lval_scalar_array);
757    is("@arr", "one free three");
758
759    sub lval_array_scalar () : lvalue { @arr, $scalar }
760    @arr  = qw /one two three/;
761    $line = "zero";
762    $scalar = 'four';
763    for (lval_array_scalar) {
764        $line .= $_;
765    }
766    is($line, "zeroonetwothreefour");
767    is(trythislval(lval_array_scalar()), "4xonetwothreefour");
768    changeme(lval_array_scalar);
769    is("@arr", "one two free");
770
771    # Tests for specific ops not tested above
772    # rv2av
773    @array2 = qw 'one two free';
774    is join(',', map $_, sub:lvalue{@array2}->()), 'one,two,free',
775      'rv2av in reference context';
776    is join(',', map $_, sub:lvalue{@{\@array2}}->()), 'one,two,free',
777      'rv2av-with-ref in reference context';
778    # padhv
779    my %hash = qw[a b c d];
780    like join(',', map $_, sub:lvalue{%hash}->()),
781         qr/^(?:a,b,c,d|c,d,a,b)\z/, 'padhv in reference context';
782    # rv2hv
783    %hash2 = qw[a b c d];
784    like join(',', map $_, sub:lvalue{%hash2}->()),
785         qr/^(?:a,b,c,d|c,d,a,b)\z/, 'rv2hv in reference context';
786    like join(',', map $_, sub:lvalue{%{\%hash2}}->()),
787         qr/^(?:a,b,c,d|c,d,a,b)\z/, 'rv2hv-with-ref in reference context';
788}
789
790{
791    package Foo;
792    sub AUTOLOAD :lvalue { *{$AUTOLOAD} };
793    package main;
794    my $foo = bless {},"Foo";
795    my $result;
796    $foo->bar = sub { $result = "bar" };
797    $foo->bar;
798    is ($result, 'bar', "RT #41550");
799}
800
801SKIP: { skip 'no attributes.pm', 1 unless eval 'require attributes';
802fresh_perl_is(<<'----', <<'====', {}, "lvalue can not be set after definition. [perl #68758]");
803use warnings;
804our $x;
805sub foo { $x }
806sub foo : lvalue;
807sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {}
808sub foo : lvalue : fr0g;
809foo = 3;
810----
811lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined at - line 4.
812lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined at - line 6.
813Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call in scalar assignment at - line 7, near "3;"
814Execution of - aborted due to compilation errors.
815====
816}
817
818{
819    my $x;
820    sub lval_decl : lvalue;
821    sub lval_decl { $x }
822    lval_decl = 5;
823    is($x, 5, "subroutine declared with lvalue before definition retains lvalue. [perl #68758]");
824}
825
826SKIP: { skip "no attributes.pm", 2 unless eval { require attributes };
827  sub utf8::valid :lvalue;
828  require attributes;
829  is "@{[ &attributes::get(\&utf8::valid) ]}", 'lvalue',
830   'sub declaration with :lvalue applies it to XSUBs';
831
832  BEGIN { *wonky = \&marjibberous }
833  sub wonky :lvalue;
834  is "@{[ &attributes::get(\&wonky) ]}", 'lvalue',
835   'sub declaration with :lvalue applies it to assigned stub';
836}
837
838sub fleen : lvalue { $pnare }
839$pnare = __PACKAGE__;
840ok eval { fleen = 1 }, "lvalues can return COWs (CATTLE?) [perl #75656]";\
841is $pnare, 1, 'and returning CATTLE actually works';
842$pnare = __PACKAGE__;
843ok eval { (fleen) = 1 }, "lvalues can return COWs in list context";
844is $pnare, 1, 'and returning COWs in list context actually works';
845$pnare = __PACKAGE__;
846ok eval { $_ = 1 for(fleen); 1 }, "lvalues can return COWs in ref cx";
847is $pnare, 1, 'and returning COWs in reference context actually works';
848
849
850# Returning an arbitrary expression, not necessarily lvalue
851+sub :lvalue { return $ambaga || $ambaga }->() = 73;
852is $ambaga, 73, 'explicit return of arbitrary expression (scalar context)';
853(sub :lvalue { return $ambaga || $ambaga }->()) = 74;
854is $ambaga, 74, 'explicit return of arbitrary expression (list context)';
855+sub :lvalue { $ambaga || $ambaga }->() = 73;
856is $ambaga, 73, 'implicit return of arbitrary expression (scalar context)';
857(sub :lvalue { $ambaga || $ambaga }->()) = 74;
858is $ambaga, 74, 'implicit return of arbitrary expression (list context)';
859eval { +sub :lvalue { return 3 }->() = 4 };
860like $@, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine at/,
861      'assignment to numeric constant explicitly returned from lv sub';
862eval { (sub :lvalue { return 3 }->()) = 4 };
863like $@, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine at/,
864      'assignment to num constant explicitly returned (list cx)';
865eval { +sub :lvalue { 3 }->() = 4 };
866like $@, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine at/,
867      'assignment to numeric constant implicitly returned from lv sub';
868eval { (sub :lvalue { 3 }->()) = 4 };
869like $@, qr/Can\'t return a readonly value from lvalue subroutine at/,
870      'assignment to num constant implicitly returned (list cx)';
871
872# reference (potential lvalue) context
873$suffix = '';
874for my $sub (sub :lvalue {$_}, sub :lvalue {return $_}) {
875    &$sub()->${\sub { $_[0] = 37 }};
876    is $_, '37', 'lvalue->method'.$suffix;
877    ${\scalar &$sub()} = 38;
878    is $_, '38', 'scalar(lvalue)'.$suffix;
879    sub assign39_with_proto ($) { $_[0] = 39 }
880    assign39_with_proto(&$sub());
881    is $_, '39', 'func(lvalue) when func has $ proto'.$suffix;
882    $_ = 1;
883    ${\(&$sub()||undef)} = 40;
884    is $_, '40', 'lvalue||...'.$suffix;
885    ${\(${\undef}||&$sub())} = 41; # extra ${\...} to bypass const folding
886    is $_, '41', '...||lvalue'.$suffix;
887    $_ = 0;
888    ${\(&$sub()&&undef)} = 42;
889    is $_, '42', 'lvalue&&...'.$suffix;
890    ${\(${\1}&&&$sub())} = 43;
891    is $_, '43', '...&&lvalue'.$suffix;
892    ${\(&$sub())[0]} = 44;
893    is $_, '44', '(lvalue)[0]'.$suffix;
894}
895continue { $suffix = ' (explicit return)' }
896
897# autovivification
898$suffix = '';
899for my $sub (sub :lvalue {$_}, sub :lvalue {return $_}) {
900    undef $_;
901    &$sub()->[3] = 4;
902    is $_->[3], 4, 'func->[...] autovivification'.$suffix;
903    undef $_;
904    &$sub()->{3} = 4;
905    is $_->{3}, 4, 'func->{...} autovivification'.$suffix;
906    undef $_;
907    ${&$sub()} = 4;
908    is $$_, 4, '${func()} autovivification'      .$suffix;
909    undef $_;
910    @{&$sub()} = 4;
911    is "@$_", 4, '@{func()} autovivification'    .$suffix;
912    undef $_;
913    %{&$sub()} = (4,5);
914    is join('-',%$_), '4-5', '%{func()} autovivification'.$suffix;
915    undef $_;
916    ${ (), &$sub()} = 4;
917    is $$_, 4, '${ (), func()} autovivification'      .$suffix;
918}
919continue { $suffix = ' (explicit return)' }
920
921# [perl #92406] [perl #92290] Returning a pad var in rvalue context
922$suffix = '';
923for my $sub (
924         sub :lvalue { my $x = 72; $x },
925         sub :lvalue { my $x = 72; return $x }
926) {
927    is scalar(&$sub), 72, "sub returning pad var in scalar context$suffix";
928    is +(&$sub)[0], 72, "sub returning pad var in list context$suffix";
929}
930continue { $suffix = ' (explicit return)' }
931
932# Returning read-only values in reference context
933$suffix = '';
934for (
935         sub :lvalue { $] }->(),
936         sub :lvalue { return $] }->()
937) {
938    is \$_, \$], 'read-only values are returned in reference context'
939	         .$suffix             # (they used to be copied)
940}
941continue { $suffix = ' (explicit return)' }
942
943# Returning unwritables from nested lvalue sub call in in rvalue context
944# First, ensure we are testing what we think we are:
945if (!Internals::SvREADONLY($])) { Internals::SvREADONLY($],1); }
946sub squibble : lvalue { return $] }
947sub squebble : lvalue {        squibble }
948sub squabble : lvalue { return squibble }
949is $x = squebble, $], 'returning ro from nested lv sub call in rv cx';
950is $x = squabble, $], 'explct. returning ro from nested lv sub in rv cx';
951is \squebble, \$], 'returning ro from nested lv sub call in ref cx';
952is \squabble, \$], 'explct. returning ro from nested lv sub in ref cx';
953
954# [perl #102486] Sub calls as the last statement of an lvalue sub
955package _102486 {
956  my $called;
957  my $x = 'nonlv';
958  sub strictlv :lvalue { use strict 'refs'; &$x }
959  sub lv :lvalue { &$x }
960  sub nonlv { ++$called }
961  eval { strictlv };
962  ::like $@, qr/^Can't use string \("nonlv"\) as a subroutine ref while/,
963        'strict mode applies to sub:lvalue{ &$string }';
964  $called = 0;
965  ::ok eval { lv },
966      'sub:lvalue{&$x}->() does not die for non-lvalue inner sub call';
967  ::is $called, 1, 'The &$x actually called the sub';
968  eval { +sub :lvalue { &$x }->() = 3 };
969  ::like $@, qr/^Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call at /,
970        'sub:lvalue{&$x}->() dies in true lvalue context';
971}
972
973# TARG should be copied in rvalue context
974sub ucf :lvalue { ucfirst $_[0] }
975is ucf("just another ") . ucf("perl hacker,\n"),
976   "Just another Perl hacker,\n", 'TARG is copied in rvalue scalar cx';
977is join('',ucf("just another "), ucf "perl hacker,\n"),
978   "Just another Perl hacker,\n", 'TARG is copied in rvalue list cx';
979sub ucfr : lvalue {
980    @_ ? ucfirst $_[0] : do {
981	is ucfr("just another ") . ucfr("perl hacker,\n"),
982	   "Just another Perl hacker,\n",
983	   'TARG is copied in recursive rvalue scalar cx';
984	is join('',ucfr("just another "), ucfr("perl hacker,\n")),
985	   "Just another Perl hacker,\n",
986	   'TARG is copied in recursive rvalue list cx';
987    }
988}
989ucfr();
990
991# Test TARG with potential lvalue context, too
992for (sub : lvalue { "$x" }->()) {
993    is \$_, \$_, '\$_ == \$_ in for(sub :lvalue{"$x"}->()){...}'
994}
995
996# [perl #117947] XSUBs should not be treated as lvalues at run time
997eval { &{\&utf8::is_utf8}("") = 3 };
998like $@, qr/^Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call at /,
999        'XSUB not seen at compile time dies in lvalue context';
1000
1001# [perl #119797] else implicitly returning value
1002# This used to cause Bizarre copy of ARRAY in pp_leave
1003sub else119797 : lvalue {
1004    if ($_[0]) {
1005	1; # two statements force a leave op
1006	@119797
1007    }
1008    else {
1009	@119797
1010    }
1011}
1012eval { (else119797(0)) = 1..3 };
1013is $@, "", '$@ after writing to array returned by else';
1014is "@119797", "1 2 3", 'writing to array returned by else';
1015eval { (else119797(1)) = 4..6 };
1016is $@, "", '$@ after writing to array returned by if (with else)';
1017is "@119797", "4 5 6", 'writing to array returned by if (with else)';
1018sub if119797 : lvalue {
1019    if ($_[0]) {
1020	@119797
1021    }
1022}
1023@119797 = ();
1024eval { (if119797(1)) = 4..6 };
1025is $@, "", '$@ after writing to array returned by if';
1026is "@119797", "4 5 6", 'writing to array returned by if';
1027sub unless119797 : lvalue {
1028    unless ($_[0]) {
1029	@119797
1030    }
1031}
1032@119797 = ();
1033eval { (unless119797(0)) = 4..6 };
1034is $@, "", '$@ after writing to array returned by unless';
1035is "@119797", "4 5 6", 'writing to array returned by unless';
1036sub bare119797 : lvalue {
1037    {;
1038	@119797
1039    }
1040}
1041@119797 = ();
1042eval { (bare119797(0)) = 4..6 };
1043is $@, "", '$@ after writing to array returned by bare block';
1044is "@119797", "4 5 6", 'writing to array returned by bare block';
1045