xref: /openbsd/lib/libm/src/s_tanh.c (revision 17df1aa7)
1 /* @(#)s_tanh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
2 /*
3  * ====================================================
4  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
8  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
9  * is preserved.
10  * ====================================================
11  */
12 
13 /* Tanh(x)
14  * Return the Hyperbolic Tangent of x
15  *
16  * Method :
17  *				       x    -x
18  *				      e  - e
19  *	0. tanh(x) is defined to be -----------
20  *				       x    -x
21  *				      e  + e
22  *	1. reduce x to non-negative by tanh(-x) = -tanh(x).
23  *	2.  0      <= x <= 2**-55 : tanh(x) := x*(one+x)
24  *					        -t
25  *	    2**-55 <  x <=  1     : tanh(x) := -----; t = expm1(-2x)
26  *					       t + 2
27  *						     2
28  *	    1      <= x <=  22.0  : tanh(x) := 1-  ----- ; t=expm1(2x)
29  *						   t + 2
30  *	    22.0   <  x <= INF    : tanh(x) := 1.
31  *
32  * Special cases:
33  *	tanh(NaN) is NaN;
34  *	only tanh(0)=0 is exact for finite argument.
35  */
36 
37 #include "math.h"
38 #include "math_private.h"
39 
40 static const double one=1.0, two=2.0, tiny = 1.0e-300;
41 
42 double
43 tanh(double x)
44 {
45 	double t,z;
46 	int32_t jx,ix;
47 
48     /* High word of |x|. */
49 	GET_HIGH_WORD(jx,x);
50 	ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
51 
52     /* x is INF or NaN */
53 	if(ix>=0x7ff00000) {
54 	    if (jx>=0) return one/x+one;    /* tanh(+-inf)=+-1 */
55 	    else       return one/x-one;    /* tanh(NaN) = NaN */
56 	}
57 
58     /* |x| < 22 */
59 	if (ix < 0x40360000) {		/* |x|<22 */
60 	    if (ix<0x3c800000) 		/* |x|<2**-55 */
61 		return x*(one+x);    	/* tanh(small) = small */
62 	    if (ix>=0x3ff00000) {	/* |x|>=1  */
63 		t = expm1(two*fabs(x));
64 		z = one - two/(t+two);
65 	    } else {
66 	        t = expm1(-two*fabs(x));
67 	        z= -t/(t+two);
68 	    }
69     /* |x| > 22, return +-1 */
70 	} else {
71 	    z = one - tiny;		/* raised inexact flag */
72 	}
73 	return (jx>=0)? z: -z;
74 }
75