xref: /openbsd/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 264ca280)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.96 2016/03/17 05:27:10 bentley Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.25 1995/06/18 21:35:38 cgd Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
9  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
10  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
11  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
12  * research program.
13  *
14  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
15  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
16  *
17  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19  * are met:
20  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27  *    without specific prior written permission.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
40  */
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>	/* MAXBSIZE DEV_BSIZE roundup btodb setbit */
43 #include <sys/signal.h>
44 #include <sys/time.h>
45 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
46 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
47 #include <sys/mman.h>
48 #include <sys/resource.h>
49 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
50 
51 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
52 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
53 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
54 
55 #include <err.h>
56 #include <string.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <stdint.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 #include <limits.h>
61 
62 #ifndef STANDALONE
63 #include <stdio.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #endif
66 
67 #define MINIMUM(a, b)	(((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
68 #define MAXIMUM(a, b)	(((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
69 
70 /*
71  * Default directory umask.
72  */
73 #define UMASK		0755
74 
75 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
76 
77 /*
78  * 'Standard' bad FFS magic.
79  */
80 #define FS_BAD_MAGIC	0x19960408
81 
82 /*
83  * The minimum number of cylinder groups that should be created.
84  */
85 #define MINCYLGRPS	4
86 
87 /*
88  * variables set up by front end.
89  */
90 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
91 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
92 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
93 extern daddr_t fssize;		/* file system size in 512-byte blocks. */
94 extern long long	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
95 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
96 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
97 extern int	maxfrgspercg;	/* maximum fragments per cylinder group */
98 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
99 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
100 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
101 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
102 extern int	avgfilesize;	/* expected average file size */
103 extern int	avgfilesperdir;	/* expected number of files per directory */
104 extern int	quiet;		/* quiet flag */
105 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
106 
107 union fs_u {
108 	struct fs fs;
109 	char pad[SBSIZE];
110 } *fsun;
111 #define sblock	fsun->fs
112 
113 struct	csum *fscs;
114 
115 union cg_u {
116 	struct cg cg;
117 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
118 } *cgun;
119 #define acg	cgun->cg
120 
121 union dinode {
122 	struct ufs1_dinode dp1;
123 	struct ufs2_dinode dp2;
124 };
125 
126 int	fsi, fso;
127 
128 static caddr_t iobuf;
129 static long iobufsize;
130 
131 daddr_t	alloc(int, int);
132 static int	charsperline(void);
133 static int	ilog2(int);
134 void		initcg(int, time_t);
135 void		wtfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
136 int		fsinit1(time_t, mode_t, uid_t, gid_t);
137 int		fsinit2(time_t);
138 int		makedir(struct direct *, int);
139 void		iput(union dinode *, ino_t);
140 void		setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
141 void		clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
142 int		isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
143 void		rdfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
144 void		mkfs(struct partition *, char *, int, int,
145 		    mode_t, uid_t, gid_t);
146 static		void checksz(void);
147 
148 #ifndef STANDALONE
149 volatile sig_atomic_t cur_cylno;
150 volatile const char *cur_fsys;
151 void	siginfo(int sig);
152 
153 void
154 siginfo(int sig)
155 {
156 	int save_errno = errno;
157 
158 	dprintf(STDERR_FILENO, "%s: initializing cg %ld/%d\n",
159 	    cur_fsys, (long)cur_cylno, sblock.fs_ncg);
160 	errno = save_errno;
161 }
162 #endif
163 
164 void
165 mkfs(struct partition *pp, char *fsys, int fi, int fo, mode_t mfsmode,
166     uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
167 {
168 	time_t utime;
169 	quad_t sizepb;
170 	int i, j, width, origdensity, fragsperinode, minfpg, optimalfpg;
171 	int lastminfpg, mincylgrps;
172 	long cylno, csfrags;
173 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
174 
175 	if ((fsun = calloc(1, sizeof (union fs_u))) == NULL ||
176 	    (cgun = calloc(1, sizeof (union cg_u))) == NULL)
177 		err(1, "calloc");
178 
179 #ifndef STANDALONE
180 	time(&utime);
181 #endif
182 	if (mfs) {
183 		size_t sz;
184 		if (fssize > SIZE_MAX / DEV_BSIZE) {
185 			errno = ENOMEM;
186 			err(12, "mmap");
187 		}
188 		sz = (size_t)fssize * DEV_BSIZE;
189 		membase = mmap(NULL, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
190 		    MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, (off_t)0);
191 		if (membase == MAP_FAILED)
192 			err(12, "mmap");
193 		madvise(membase, sz, MADV_RANDOM);
194 	}
195 	fsi = fi;
196 	fso = fo;
197 	/*
198 	 * Validate the given file system size.
199 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
200 	 */
201 	if (Oflag <= 1 && fssize > INT_MAX)
202 		errx(13, "preposterous size %lld, max is %d", (long long)fssize,
203 		    INT_MAX);
204 	if (Oflag == 2 && fssize > MAXDISKSIZE)
205 		errx(13, "preposterous size %lld, max is %lld",
206 		    (long long)fssize, MAXDISKSIZE);
207 
208 	wtfs(fssize - (sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), sectorsize, (char *)&sblock);
209 
210 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
211 	sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
212 	sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir;
213 
214 	/*
215 	 * Collect and verify the block and fragment sizes.
216 	 */
217 	if (!POWEROF2(bsize)) {
218 		errx(16, "block size must be a power of 2, not %d", bsize);
219 	}
220 	if (!POWEROF2(fsize)) {
221 		errx(17, "fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d",
222 		     fsize);
223 	}
224 	if (fsize < sectorsize) {
225 		errx(18, "fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %lld",
226 		     fsize, sectorsize);
227 	}
228 	if (bsize < MINBSIZE) {
229 		errx(19, "block size %d is too small, minimum is %d",
230 		     bsize, MINBSIZE);
231 	}
232 	if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) {
233 		errx(19, "block size %d is too large, maximum is %d",
234 		     bsize, MAXBSIZE);
235 	}
236 	if (bsize < fsize) {
237 		errx(20, "block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)",
238 		     bsize, fsize);
239 	}
240 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
241 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
242 
243 	/*
244 	 * Calculate the superblock bitmasks and shifts.
245 	 */
246 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
247 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
248 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
249 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
250 	sblock.fs_bshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_bsize);
251 	sblock.fs_fshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize);
252 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
253 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
254 		errx(21, "fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block "
255 		    "size %d is %d", sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
256 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
257 	}
258 	sblock.fs_fragshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_frag);
259 	sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE);
260 	sblock.fs_size = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
261 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE;
262 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = 1;
263 	sblock.fs_nrpos = 1;
264 	sblock.fs_cpg = 1;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Before the file system is fully initialized, mark it as invalid.
268 	 */
269 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
270 
271 	/*
272 	 * Set the remaining superblock fields.  Note that for FFS1, media
273 	 * geometry fields are set to fake values.  This is for compatibility
274 	 * with really ancient kernels that might still inspect these values.
275 	 */
276 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
277 		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
278 		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
279 		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
280 		if (Oflag == 0) {
281 			sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
282 			sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
283 		} else {
284 			sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1;
285 			sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
286 		}
287 		sblock.fs_cgoffset = 0;
288 		sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
289 		sblock.fs_ffs1_size = sblock.fs_size;
290 		sblock.fs_rotdelay = 0;
291 		sblock.fs_rps = 60;
292 		sblock.fs_interleave = 1;
293 		sblock.fs_trackskew = 0;
294 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
295 	} else {
296 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
297 		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
298 		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int64_t);
299 		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
300 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2;
301 	}
302 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
303 	    roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
304 		sblock.fs_frag);
305 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (int32_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
306 	    roundup(howmany(SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
307 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
308 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
309 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
310 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
311 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
312 	}
313 #ifdef notyet
314 	/*
315 	 * It is impossible to create a snapshot in case fs_maxfilesize is
316 	 * smaller than fssize.
317 	 */
318 	if (sblock.fs_maxfilesize < (u_quad_t)fssize)
319 		warnx("WARNING: You will be unable to create snapshots on this "
320 		    "file system. Correct by using a larger blocksize.");
321 #endif
322 	/*
323 	 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group. The
324 	 * first goal is to have at least enough data blocks in each cylinder
325 	 * group to meet the density requirement. Once this goal is achieved
326 	 * we try to expand to have at least mincylgrps cylinder groups. Once
327 	 * this goal is achieved, we pack as many blocks into each cylinder
328 	 * group map as will fit.
329 	 *
330 	 * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we can
331 	 * put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce the
332 	 * density until it fits.
333 	 */
334 	origdensity = density;
335 	for (;;) {
336 		fragsperinode = MAXIMUM(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
337 
338 		minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
339 		if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
340 			minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
341 
342 		sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
343 		sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
344 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
345 		if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
346 			sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
347 
348 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
349 		    INOPB(&sblock));
350 		sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
351 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
352 		if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
353 			sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
354 
355 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
356 		    INOPB(&sblock));
357 
358 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
359 			break;
360 
361 		density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
362 	}
363 	if (density != origdensity)
364 		warnx("density reduced from %d to %d bytes per inode",
365 		    origdensity, density);
366 
367 	/*
368 	 * Use a lower value for mincylgrps if the user specified a large
369 	 * number of blocks per cylinder group.  This is needed for, e.g. the
370 	 * install media which needs to pack 2 files very tightly.
371 	 */
372 	mincylgrps = MINCYLGRPS;
373 	if (maxfrgspercg != INT_MAX) {
374 		i = sblock.fs_size / maxfrgspercg;
375 		if (i < MINCYLGRPS)
376 			mincylgrps = i <= 0 ? 1 : i;
377 	}
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until it cannot
381 	 * grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups drops below
382 	 * mincylgrps, or we reach the requested size.
383 	 */
384 	for (;;) {
385 		sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag;
386 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
387 		    INOPB(&sblock));
388 
389 		if (sblock.fs_fpg > maxfrgspercg ||
390 		    sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < mincylgrps ||
391 		    CGSIZE(&sblock) > (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
392 			break;
393 	}
394 	sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
395 	sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
396 	    INOPB(&sblock));
397 	if (sblock.fs_fpg > maxfrgspercg)
398 		warnx("can't honour -c: minimum is %d", sblock.fs_fpg);
399 
400 	/*
401 	 * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks to
402 	 * be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks per
403 	 * cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more blocks into
404 	 * the last cylinder group.
405 	 */
406 	optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
407 	for (;;) {
408 		sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
409 		lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
410 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
411 		if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg)
412 			errx(28, "file system size %jd < minimum size of %d "
413 			    "fragments", (intmax_t)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
414 
415 		if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
416 		    sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
417 			break;
418 
419 		sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
420 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
421 		    INOPB(&sblock));
422 	}
423 
424 	if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
425 		warnx("reduced number of fragments per cylinder group from %d"
426 		    " to %d to enlarge last cylinder group", optimalfpg,
427 		    sblock.fs_fpg);
428 
429 	/*
430 	 * Back to filling superblock fields.
431 	 */
432 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
433 		sblock.fs_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_nspf;
434 		sblock.fs_nsect = sblock.fs_spc;
435 		sblock.fs_npsect = sblock.fs_spc;
436 		sblock.fs_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
437 	}
438 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
439 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
440 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
441 	sblock.fs_cssize =
442 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
443 
444 	fscs = calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
445 	if (fscs == NULL)
446 		errx(31, "calloc failed");
447 
448 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
449 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
450 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
451 
452 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
453 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
454 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
455 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
456 	sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
457 	sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
458 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
459 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
460 	sblock.fs_state = 0;
461 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
462 	sblock.fs_id[0] = (u_int32_t)utime;
463 	sblock.fs_id[1] = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
464 	sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
465 
466 	csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
467 	sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
468 	    sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
469 
470 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
471 	    howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
472 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
473 	    (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
474 	    sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
475 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - ROOTINO;
476 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
477 
478 	sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
479 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
480 
481 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
482 		sblock.fs_ffs1_time = sblock.fs_time;
483 		sblock.fs_ffs1_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
484 		sblock.fs_ffs1_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
485 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
486 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
487 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
488 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
489 	}
490 
491 	/*
492 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
493 	 */
494 	if (!mfs) {
495 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
496 		printf("%s: %.1fMB in %jd sectors of %lld bytes\n", fsys,
497 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
498 		    (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) /
499 		    (sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), sectorsize);
500 		printf("%d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blocks, %d"
501 		    " inodes each\n", sblock.fs_ncg,
502 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
503 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
504 #undef B2MBFACTOR
505 		checksz();
506 	}
507 
508 	/*
509 	 * Wipe out old FFS1 superblock if necessary.
510 	 */
511 	if (Oflag >= 2) {
512 		union fs_u *fsun1;
513 		struct fs *fs1;
514 
515 		fsun1 = calloc(1, sizeof(union fs_u));
516 		if (fsun1 == NULL)
517 			err(39, "calloc");
518 		fs1 = &fsun1->fs;
519 		rdfs(SBLOCK_UFS1 / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)fs1);
520 		if (fs1->fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
521 			fs1->fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
522 			wtfs(SBLOCK_UFS1 / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)fs1);
523 		}
524 		free(fsun1);
525 	}
526 
527 	wtfs((int)sblock.fs_sblockloc / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
528 	sblock.fs_magic = (Oflag <= 1) ? FS_UFS1_MAGIC : FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
529 
530 	/*
531 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
532 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
533 	 */
534 	if (!quiet)
535 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
536 #ifndef STANDALONE
537 	else if (!mfs && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
538 		signal(SIGINFO, siginfo);
539 		cur_fsys = fsys;
540 	}
541 #endif
542 	i = 0;
543 	width = charsperline();
544 	/*
545 	* Allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and two sets of
546 	* inode blocks.
547 	*/
548 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
549 		iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
550 	else
551 		iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
552 	if ((iobuf = malloc(iobufsize)) == NULL)
553 		errx(38, "cannot allocate I/O buffer");
554 	bzero(iobuf, iobufsize);
555 	/*
556 	 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
557 	 * writing out in each cylinder group.
558 	 */
559 	bcopy((char *)&sblock, iobuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
560 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
561 		cur_cylno = (sig_atomic_t)cylno;
562 		initcg(cylno, utime);
563 		if (quiet)
564 			continue;
565 		j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, " %lld,",
566 		    (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
567 		if (j >= sizeof tmpbuf)
568 			j = sizeof tmpbuf - 1;
569 		if (j == -1 || i+j >= width) {
570 			printf("\n");
571 			i = 0;
572 		}
573 		i += j;
574 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
575 		fflush(stdout);
576 	}
577 	if (!quiet)
578 		printf("\n");
579 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
580 		exit(0);
581 	/*
582 	 * Now construct the initial file system, then write out the superblock.
583 	 */
584 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
585 		if (fsinit1(utime, mfsmode, mfsuid, mfsgid))
586 			errx(32, "fsinit1 failed");
587 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
588 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
589 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
590 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
591 	} else {
592 		if (fsinit2(utime))
593 			errx(32, "fsinit2 failed");
594 	}
595 
596 	wtfs((int)sblock.fs_sblockloc / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
597 
598 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
599 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
600 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
601 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
602 		    ((char *)fscs) + i);
603 
604 	/*
605 	 * Update information about this partition in pack label, to that it may
606 	 * be updated on disk.
607 	 */
608 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
609 	pp->p_fragblock =
610 	    DISKLABELV1_FFS_FRAGBLOCK(sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_frag);
611 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
612 }
613 
614 /*
615  * Initialize a cylinder group.
616  */
617 void
618 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime)
619 {
620 	int i, j, d, dlower, dupper, blkno, start;
621 	daddr_t cbase, dmax;
622 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
623 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
624 	struct csum *cs;
625 
626 	/*
627 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.  Allow space for
628 	 * super block summary information in first cylinder group.
629 	 */
630 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
631 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
632 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
633 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
634 	if (fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)) + iobufsize / DEV_BSIZE
635 	    > fssize)
636 		errx(40, "inode table does not fit in cylinder group");
637 
638 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
639 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
640 	if (cylno == 0)
641 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
642 	cs = &fscs[cylno];
643 	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
644 	acg.cg_ffs2_time = utime;
645 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
646 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
647 	acg.cg_ffs2_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
648 	acg.cg_initediblk = MINIMUM(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
649 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
650 
651 	start = sizeof(struct cg);
652 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
653 		/* Hack to maintain compatibility with old fsck. */
654 		if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
655 			acg.cg_ncyl = 0;
656 		else
657 			acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
658 		acg.cg_time = acg.cg_ffs2_time;
659 		acg.cg_ffs2_time = 0;
660 		acg.cg_niblk = acg.cg_ffs2_niblk;
661 		acg.cg_ffs2_niblk = 0;
662 		acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
663 		acg.cg_btotoff = start;
664 		acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
665 		acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
666 		    sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
667 	} else {
668 		acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
669 	}
670 
671 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
672 	acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
673 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > sblock.fs_cgsize)
674 		errx(37, "panic: cylinder group too big: %d > %d",
675 		    acg.cg_nextfreeoff, sblock.fs_cgsize);
676 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
677 	if (cylno == 0) {
678 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
679 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
680 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
681 		}
682 	}
683 	if (cylno > 0) {
684 		/*
685 		 * In cylno 0, space is reserved for boot and super blocks.
686 		 */
687 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
688 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
689 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
690 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
691 			if (Oflag <= 1) {
692 				cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
693 				cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
694 				    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
695 			}
696 		}
697 	}
698 	if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
699 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
700 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
701 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
702 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
703 		}
704 	}
705 	for (d = dupper;
706 	    d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk;
707 	    d += sblock.fs_frag) {
708 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
709 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
710 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
711 		if (Oflag <= 1) {
712 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
713 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
714 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
715 		}
716 	}
717 	if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
718 		acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
719 		for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
720 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
721 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
722 		}
723 	}
724 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
725 
726 	/*
727 	 * Write out the duplicate superblock, the cylinder group map
728 	 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
729 	 */
730 	start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE;
731 	bcopy((char *)&acg, &iobuf[start], sblock.fs_cgsize);
732 	start += sblock.fs_bsize;
733 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
734 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
735 	for (i = MINIMUM(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock)); i != 0; i--) {
736 		if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
737 			dp1->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
738 			dp1++;
739 		} else {
740 			dp2->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
741 			dp2++;
742 		}
743 	}
744 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf);
745 
746 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
747 		/* Initialize inodes for FFS1. */
748 		for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
749 		    i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
750 		    i += sblock.fs_frag) {
751 			dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
752 			for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
753 				dp1->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
754 				dp1++;
755 			}
756 			wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
757 			    sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start]);
758 		}
759 	}
760 }
761 
762 #define PREDEFDIR 2
763 
764 struct direct root_dir[] = {
765 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
766 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
767 };
768 struct odirect {
769 	u_int32_t d_ino;
770 	u_int16_t d_reclen;
771 	u_int16_t d_namlen;
772 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
773 } oroot_dir[] = {
774 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
775 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
776 };
777 
778 int
779 fsinit1(time_t utime, mode_t mfsmode, uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
780 {
781 	union dinode node;
782 
783 	/*
784 	 * Initialize the node
785 	 */
786 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
787 	node.dp1.di_atime = utime;
788 	node.dp1.di_mtime = utime;
789 	node.dp1.di_ctime = utime;
790 
791 	/*
792 	 * Create the root directory.
793 	 */
794 	if (mfs) {
795 		node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | mfsmode;
796 		node.dp1.di_uid = mfsuid;
797 		node.dp1.di_gid = mfsgid;
798 	} else {
799 		node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
800 		node.dp1.di_uid = geteuid();
801 		node.dp1.di_gid = getegid();
802 	}
803 	node.dp1.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
804 	if (Oflag == 0)
805 		node.dp1.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir,
806 		    PREDEFDIR);
807 	else
808 		node.dp1.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
809 	node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
810 	if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
811 		return (1);
812 
813 	node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
814 
815 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
816 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
817 
818 #ifdef notyet
819 	/*
820 	* Create the .snap directory.
821 	*/
822 	node.dp1.di_mode |= 020;
823 	node.dp1.di_gid = gid;
824 	node.dp1.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
825 	node.dp1.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
826 
827 	node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
828 	if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
829 		return (1);
830 
831 	node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
832 
833 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
834 	iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
835 #endif
836 	return (0);
837 }
838 
839 int
840 fsinit2(time_t utime)
841 {
842 	union dinode node;
843 
844 	/*
845 	 * Initialize the node.
846 	 */
847 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
848 	node.dp2.di_atime = utime;
849 	node.dp2.di_mtime = utime;
850 	node.dp2.di_ctime = utime;
851 
852 	/*
853 	 * Create the root directory.
854 	 */
855 	node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
856 	node.dp2.di_uid = geteuid();
857 	node.dp2.di_gid = getegid();
858 	node.dp2.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
859 	node.dp2.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
860 
861 	node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
862 	if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
863 		return (1);
864 
865 	node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
866 
867 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
868 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
869 
870 #ifdef notyet
871 	/*
872 	 * Create the .snap directory.
873 	 */
874 	node.dp2.di_mode |= 020;
875 	node.dp2.di_gid = gid;
876 	node.dp2.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
877 	node.dp2.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
878 
879 	node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
880 	if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
881 		return (1);
882 
883 	node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
884 
885 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
886 	iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
887 #endif
888 	return (0);
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
893  * return size of directory.
894  */
895 int
896 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries)
897 {
898 	char *cp;
899 	int i, spcleft;
900 
901 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
902 	for (cp = iobuf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
903 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
904 		memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
905 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
906 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
907 	}
908 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
909 	memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
910 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
911 }
912 
913 /*
914  * allocate a block or frag
915  */
916 daddr_t
917 alloc(int size, int mode)
918 {
919 	int i, frag;
920 	daddr_t d, blkno;
921 
922 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
923 	    (char *)&acg);
924 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
925 		warnx("cg 0: bad magic number");
926 		return (0);
927 	}
928 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
929 		warnx("first cylinder group ran out of space");
930 		return (0);
931 	}
932 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
933 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
934 			goto goth;
935 	warnx("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0");
936 	return (0);
937 goth:
938 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
939 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
940 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
941 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
942 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
943 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
944 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
945 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
946 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
947 	}
948 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
949 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
950 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
951 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
952 	}
953 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
954 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
955 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
956 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
957 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
958 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
959 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
960 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
961 	}
962 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
963 	    (char *)&acg);
964 	return (d);
965 }
966 
967 /*
968  * Allocate an inode on the disk
969  */
970 void
971 iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
972 {
973 	daddr_t d;
974 
975 	if (Oflag <= 1)
976 		ip->dp1.di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
977 	else
978 		ip->dp2.di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
979 
980 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
981 	    (char *)&acg);
982 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC)
983 		errx(41, "cg 0: bad magic number");
984 
985 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
986 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
987 
988 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
989 	    (char *)&acg);
990 
991 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
992 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
993 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg)
994 		errx(32, "fsinit: inode value %llu out of range",
995 		    (unsigned long long)ino);
996 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
997 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, iobuf);
998 
999 	if (Oflag <= 1)
1000 		((struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
1001 		    ip->dp1;
1002 	else
1003 		((struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
1004 		    ip->dp2;
1005 
1006 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, iobuf);
1007 }
1008 
1009 /*
1010  * read a block from the file system
1011  */
1012 void
1013 rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1014 {
1015 	int n;
1016 
1017 	if (mfs) {
1018 		memcpy(bf, membase + bno * DEV_BSIZE, size);
1019 		return;
1020 	}
1021 	n = pread(fsi, bf, size, (off_t)bno * DEV_BSIZE);
1022 	if (n != size) {
1023 		err(34, "rdfs: read error on block %lld", (long long)bno);
1024 	}
1025 }
1026 
1027 /*
1028  * write a block to the file system
1029  */
1030 void
1031 wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1032 {
1033 	int n;
1034 
1035 	if (mfs) {
1036 		memcpy(membase + bno * DEV_BSIZE, bf, size);
1037 		return;
1038 	}
1039 	if (Nflag)
1040 		return;
1041 	n = pwrite(fso, bf, size, (off_t)bno * DEV_BSIZE);
1042 	if (n != size) {
1043 		err(36, "wtfs: write error on block %lld", (long long)bno);
1044 	}
1045 }
1046 
1047 /*
1048  * check if a block is available
1049  */
1050 int
1051 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1052 {
1053 	unsigned char mask;
1054 
1055 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1056 	case 8:
1057 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1058 	case 4:
1059 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1060 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1061 	case 2:
1062 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1063 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1064 	case 1:
1065 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1066 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1067 	default:
1068 #ifdef STANDALONE
1069 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1070 #else
1071 		warnx("isblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1072 #endif
1073 		return (0);
1074 	}
1075 }
1076 
1077 /*
1078  * take a block out of the map
1079  */
1080 void
1081 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1082 {
1083 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1084 	case 8:
1085 		cp[h] = 0;
1086 		return;
1087 	case 4:
1088 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1089 		return;
1090 	case 2:
1091 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1092 		return;
1093 	case 1:
1094 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1095 		return;
1096 	default:
1097 #ifdef STANDALONE
1098 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1099 #else
1100 		warnx("clrblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1101 #endif
1102 		return;
1103 	}
1104 }
1105 
1106 /*
1107  * put a block into the map
1108  */
1109 void
1110 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1111 {
1112 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1113 	case 8:
1114 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1115 		return;
1116 	case 4:
1117 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1118 		return;
1119 	case 2:
1120 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1121 		return;
1122 	case 1:
1123 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1124 		return;
1125 	default:
1126 #ifdef STANDALONE
1127 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1128 #else
1129 		warnx("setblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1130 #endif
1131 		return;
1132 	}
1133 }
1134 
1135 /*
1136  * Determine the number of characters in a
1137  * single line.
1138  */
1139 static int
1140 charsperline(void)
1141 {
1142 	int columns;
1143 	char *cp;
1144 	struct winsize ws;
1145 
1146 	columns = 0;
1147 	if ((cp = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL)
1148 		columns = strtonum(cp, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
1149 	if (columns == 0 && ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == 0 &&
1150 	    ws.ws_col > 0)
1151 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1152 	if (columns == 0)
1153 		columns = 80;
1154 
1155 	return columns;
1156 }
1157 
1158 static int
1159 ilog2(int val)
1160 {
1161 	int n;
1162 
1163 	for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
1164 		if (1 << n == val)
1165 			return (n);
1166 
1167 	errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2\n", val);
1168 }
1169 
1170 struct inoinfo {
1171         struct  inoinfo *i_nexthash;    /* next entry in hash chain */
1172         struct  inoinfo *i_child, *i_sibling, *i_parentp;
1173         size_t  i_isize;                /* size of inode */
1174         ino_t   i_number;               /* inode number of this entry */
1175         ino_t   i_parent;               /* inode number of parent */
1176 
1177         ino_t   i_dotdot;               /* inode number of `..' */
1178         u_int   i_numblks;              /* size of block array in bytes */
1179         daddr_t i_blks[1];              /* actually longer */
1180 };
1181 
1182 static void
1183 checksz(void)
1184 {
1185 	unsigned long long allocate, maxino, maxfsblock, ndir, bound;
1186 	extern int64_t physmem;
1187 	struct rlimit datasz;
1188 
1189 	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &datasz) != 0)
1190 		err(1, "can't get rlimit");
1191 
1192 	bound = MINIMUM(datasz.rlim_max, physmem);
1193 
1194 	allocate = 0;
1195 	maxino = sblock.fs_ncg * (unsigned long long)sblock.fs_ipg;
1196 	maxfsblock = sblock.fs_size;
1197 	ndir = maxino / avgfilesperdir;
1198 
1199 	allocate += roundup(howmany(maxfsblock, NBBY), sizeof(int16_t));
1200 	allocate += (maxino + 1) * 3;
1201 	allocate += sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(long);
1202 	allocate += (MAXIMUM(ndir, 128) + 10) * sizeof(struct inoinfo);
1203 	allocate += MAXIMUM(ndir, 128) * sizeof(struct inoinfo);
1204 
1205 	if (allocate > bound)
1206 		warnx("warning: fsck_ffs will need %lluMB; "
1207 		    "min(ulimit -dH,physmem) is %lluMB",
1208 		    allocate / (1024ULL * 1024ULL),
1209 		    bound / (1024ULL * 1024ULL));
1210 }
1211