1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.27 2015/11/23 19:19:30 deraadt Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/param.h> /* powerof2 */ 31 #include <sys/stat.h> 32 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 33 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 34 #include <sys/dkio.h> 35 #include <sys/mount.h> 36 37 #include <ctype.h> 38 #include <err.h> 39 #include <errno.h> 40 #include <fcntl.h> 41 #include <paths.h> 42 #include <stdio.h> 43 #include <stdlib.h> 44 #include <string.h> 45 #include <unistd.h> 46 #include <limits.h> 47 #include <util.h> 48 49 #define MINIMUM(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)) 50 #define MAXIMUM(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) 51 52 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 53 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 54 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 55 56 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 57 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 58 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 59 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 60 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 61 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 62 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 63 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 64 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 65 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 66 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 67 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 69 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 70 71 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 72 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 73 MINCLS32) 74 75 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 77 MAXCLS32) 78 79 #define mk1(p, x) \ 80 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 81 82 #define mk2(p, x) \ 83 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 84 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 85 86 #define mk4(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 89 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 90 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 91 92 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 93 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 94 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 95 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 96 97 struct bs { 98 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 99 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 100 }; 101 102 struct bsbpb { 103 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 104 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 105 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 106 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 107 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 108 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 109 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 110 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 111 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 112 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 113 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 114 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 115 }; 116 117 struct bsxbpb { 118 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 119 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 120 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 121 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 122 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 123 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 124 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 125 }; 126 127 struct bsx { 128 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 129 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 130 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 131 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 132 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 133 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 134 }; 135 136 struct de { 137 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 138 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 139 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 140 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 141 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 142 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 143 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 144 }; 145 146 struct bpb { 147 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 148 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 149 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 150 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 151 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 152 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 153 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 154 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 155 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 156 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 157 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 158 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 159 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 160 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 161 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 162 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 163 }; 164 165 static struct { 166 const char *name; 167 struct bpb bpb; 168 } stdfmt[] = { 169 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 170 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 171 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 172 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 173 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 174 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 177 }; 178 179 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 180 0xfa, /* cli */ 181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 184 0xfb, /* sti */ 185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 187 0x5e, /* pop si */ 188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 190 0xfc, /* cld */ 191 0xac, /* lodsb */ 192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 200 0x0d, 0x0a, 201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 207 0x0d, 0x0a, 208 0 209 }; 210 211 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 212 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 213 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 214 struct bpb *); 215 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 216 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 217 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 218 static int oklabel(const char *); 219 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 220 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 221 static __dead void usage(void); 222 223 /* 224 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 225 */ 226 int 227 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 228 { 229 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:"; 230 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 231 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 232 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 233 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 234 static int opt_N; 235 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 236 char buf[PATH_MAX]; 237 struct stat sb; 238 struct timeval tv; 239 struct bpb bpb; 240 struct tm *tm; 241 struct bs *bs; 242 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 244 struct bsx *bsx; 245 struct de *de; 246 u_int8_t *img; 247 const char *dtype, *bname; 248 char *sname, *fname; 249 ssize_t n; 250 time_t now; 251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 252 int ch, fd, fd1; 253 254 if (pledge("stdio rpath wpath disklabel", NULL) == -1) 255 err(1, "pledge"); 256 257 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 258 switch (ch) { 259 case 'N': 260 opt_N = 1; 261 break; 262 case 'B': 263 opt_B = optarg; 264 break; 265 case 'F': 266 opt_F = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL); 267 if (!(opt_F == 12 || opt_F == 16 || opt_F == 32)) 268 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 269 break; 270 case 'I': 271 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 272 Iflag = 1; 273 break; 274 case 'L': 275 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 276 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 277 opt_L = optarg; 278 break; 279 case 'O': 280 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 281 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 282 opt_O = optarg; 283 break; 284 case 'S': 285 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 286 break; 287 case 'a': 288 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 289 break; 290 case 'b': 291 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 292 opt_c = 0; 293 break; 294 case 'c': 295 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 296 opt_b = 0; 297 break; 298 case 'e': 299 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 300 break; 301 case 'f': 302 opt_f = optarg; 303 break; 304 case 'h': 305 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 306 break; 307 case 'i': 308 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 309 break; 310 case 'k': 311 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 312 break; 313 case 'm': 314 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 315 mflag = 1; 316 break; 317 case 'n': 318 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 319 break; 320 case 'o': 321 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 322 oflag = 1; 323 break; 324 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */ 325 break; 326 case 'r': 327 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 328 break; 329 case 's': 330 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 331 break; 332 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */ 333 break; 334 case 'u': 335 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 336 break; 337 default: 338 usage(); 339 } 340 argc -= optind; 341 argv += optind; 342 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 343 usage(); 344 sname = *argv++; 345 dtype = *argv; 346 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 || 347 fstat(fd, &sb)) 348 err(1, "%s", fname); 349 if (!opt_N) 350 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 351 if (S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) 352 errx(1, "%s: block device", fname); 353 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 354 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 355 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 356 if (opt_f) { 357 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 358 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 359 bpb.sec = 0; 360 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 361 bpb.spf = 0; 362 } 363 if (opt_h) 364 bpb.hds = opt_h; 365 if (opt_u) 366 bpb.spt = opt_u; 367 if (opt_S) 368 bpb.bps = opt_S; 369 if (opt_s) 370 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 371 if (oflag) 372 bpb.hid = opt_o; 373 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 374 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 375 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 376 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 377 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 378 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 379 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 380 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 381 if (opt_f) 382 fat = 12; 383 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 384 fat = 32; 385 } 386 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 387 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 388 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 389 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 390 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 391 bpb.rde = 0; 392 if (opt_b) { 393 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 394 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 395 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 396 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 397 opt_b, bpb.bps); 398 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 399 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 400 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 401 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 402 } 403 if (opt_c) { 404 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 405 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 406 bpb.spc = opt_c; 407 } 408 if (opt_r) 409 bpb.res = opt_r; 410 if (opt_n) { 411 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 412 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 413 opt_n, MAXNFT); 414 bpb.nft = opt_n; 415 } 416 if (opt_e) 417 bpb.rde = opt_e; 418 if (mflag) { 419 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 420 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 421 bpb.mid = opt_m; 422 } 423 if (opt_a) 424 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 425 if (opt_i) 426 bpb.infs = opt_i; 427 if (opt_k) 428 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 429 bss = 1; 430 bname = NULL; 431 fd1 = -1; 432 if (opt_B) { 433 bname = opt_B; 434 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 435 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 436 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 437 err(1, NULL); 438 } 439 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 440 err(1, "%s", bname); 441 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 442 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 443 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 444 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 445 } 446 if (!bpb.nft) 447 bpb.nft = 2; 448 if (!fat) { 449 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 450 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 451 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 452 bpb.nft + 453 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 454 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 455 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 456 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 457 fat = 12; 458 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 459 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 460 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 461 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 462 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 463 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 464 fat = 16; 465 else 466 fat = 32; 467 } 468 x = bss; 469 if (fat == 32) { 470 if (!bpb.infs) { 471 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 472 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 473 bpb.infs = x; 474 } 475 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 476 x = bpb.infs + 1; 477 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 478 if (x == MAXU16) 479 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 480 bpb.bkbs = x; 481 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 482 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 483 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 484 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 485 } 486 if (!bpb.res) 487 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAXIMUM(x, MAXIMUM(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 488 else if (bpb.res < x) 489 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 490 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 491 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 492 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 493 if (!bpb.spc) 494 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 495 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 496 bpb.res + 497 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 498 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 499 rds + 500 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 501 bpb.spc <<= 1); 502 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 503 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 504 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 505 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 506 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 507 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 508 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 509 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 510 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 511 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MINIMUM(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 512 bpb.bps * NPB); 513 if (!bpb.bspf) { 514 bpb.bspf = x2; 515 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 516 } 517 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 518 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 519 if (cls > x) 520 cls = x; 521 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 522 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 523 cls); 524 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 525 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 526 mincls(fat)); 527 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 528 cls = maxcls(fat); 529 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 530 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 531 bpb.bsec); 532 } 533 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 534 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 535 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 536 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 537 if (!bpb.mid) 538 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 539 if (fat == 32) 540 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 541 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 542 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 543 bpb.bsec = 0; 544 } 545 if (fat != 32) { 546 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 547 bpb.bspf = 0; 548 } 549 print_bpb(&bpb); 550 if (!opt_N) { 551 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 552 now = tv.tv_sec; 553 tm = localtime(&now); 554 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 555 err(1, NULL); 556 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 557 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 558 x = lsn; 559 if (opt_B && 560 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 561 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 562 x -= bpb.bkbs; 563 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 564 err(1, "%s", bname); 565 } 566 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 567 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 568 err(1, "%s", bname); 569 if (n != bpb.bps) 570 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 571 } else 572 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 573 if (!lsn || 574 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 575 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 576 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 577 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 578 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 579 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 580 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 581 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 582 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 583 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 584 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 585 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 586 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 587 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 588 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 589 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 590 if (fat == 32) { 591 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 592 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 593 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 594 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 595 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 596 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 597 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 598 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 599 } 600 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 601 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 602 if (Iflag) 603 x = opt_I; 604 else 605 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 606 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 607 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 608 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 609 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 610 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 611 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 612 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 613 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 614 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat); 615 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 616 if (!opt_B) { 617 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 618 bs = (struct bs *)img; 619 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 620 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 621 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 622 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 623 sizeof(bs->oem)); 624 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 625 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 626 } 627 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 628 (lsn == bpb.infs || 629 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 630 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 631 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 632 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 633 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 634 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 635 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 636 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 637 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 638 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 639 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 640 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 641 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 642 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 643 de = (struct de *)img; 644 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 645 mk1(de->attr, 050); 646 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 647 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 648 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 649 mk2(de->time, x); 650 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 651 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 652 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 653 mk2(de->date, x); 654 } 655 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 656 err(1, "%s", fname); 657 if (n != bpb.bps) 658 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 659 } 660 } 661 return 0; 662 } 663 664 /* 665 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 666 */ 667 static void 668 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 669 { 670 struct statfs *mp; 671 const char *s1, *s2; 672 size_t len; 673 int n, r; 674 675 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 676 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 677 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 678 s1 = fname; 679 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 680 s1 += len; 681 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 682 for (; n--; mp++) { 683 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 684 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 685 s2 += len; 686 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 687 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 688 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 689 } 690 } 691 692 /* 693 * Get a standard format. 694 */ 695 static void 696 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 697 { 698 u_int x, i; 699 700 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 701 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 702 if (i == x) 703 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 704 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 705 } 706 707 /* 708 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 709 */ 710 static void 711 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 712 struct bpb *bpb) 713 { 714 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 715 const char *s1, *s2; 716 int part, i; 717 718 part = -1; 719 s1 = fname; 720 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 721 s1 = s2 + 1; 722 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit((unsigned char)*s2); s2++); 723 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 724 s2 = NULL; 725 else 726 while (isdigit((unsigned char)*++s2)); 727 s1 = s2; 728 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 729 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 730 } 731 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 732 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 733 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 734 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 735 lp = &dl; 736 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 737 if (i == -1) { 738 if (!dtype) { 739 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 740 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 741 "disk type must be specified", fname); 742 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 743 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 744 } 745 if (part == -1) 746 part = RAW_PART; 747 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 748 !DL_GETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part])) 749 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 750 if (!oflag && part != -1) 751 bpb->hid += DL_GETPOFFSET(&lp->d_partitions[part]); 752 if (!bpb->bsec) 753 bpb->bsec = DL_GETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part]); 754 if (!bpb->bps) 755 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 756 if (!bpb->spt) 757 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 758 if (!bpb->hds) 759 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 760 if (bpb->spt > 63) { 761 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63; 762 bpb->spt = 63; 763 } 764 } 765 } 766 767 /* 768 * Print out BPB values. 769 */ 770 static void 771 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 772 { 773 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 774 bpb->nft); 775 if (bpb->rde) 776 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 777 if (bpb->sec) 778 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 779 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 780 if (bpb->spf) 781 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 782 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 783 if (bpb->bsec) 784 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 785 if (!bpb->spf) { 786 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 787 printf(" infs="); 788 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 789 printf(" bkbs="); 790 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 791 } 792 printf("\n"); 793 } 794 795 /* 796 * Check a disk geometry value. 797 */ 798 static u_int 799 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 800 { 801 if (!val) 802 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 803 if (val > MAXU16) 804 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 805 return val; 806 } 807 808 /* 809 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 810 */ 811 static u_int 812 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 813 { 814 char *s; 815 u_long x; 816 817 errno = 0; 818 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 819 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 820 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 821 return x; 822 } 823 824 /* 825 * Check a volume label. 826 */ 827 static int 828 oklabel(const char *src) 829 { 830 int c = 0, i; 831 832 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 833 c = (u_char)*src++; 834 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 835 break; 836 } 837 return i && !c; 838 } 839 840 /* 841 * Make a volume label. 842 */ 843 static void 844 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 845 { 846 int c, i; 847 848 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 849 c = *src ? toupper((unsigned char)*src++) : ' '; 850 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 851 } 852 } 853 854 /* 855 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 856 */ 857 static void 858 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 859 { 860 while (len--) 861 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 862 } 863 864 /* 865 * Print usage message. 866 */ 867 static __dead void 868 usage(void) 869 { 870 extern const char *__progname; 871 872 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s " 873 "[-N] [-a FAT-size] [-B boot] [-b block-size]\n" 874 "\t[-c cluster-size] [-e dirents] [-F FAT-type] [-f format]\n" 875 "\t[-h heads] [-I volid] [-i info] [-k backup] [-L label]\n" 876 "\t[-m media] [-n FATs] [-O OEM] [-o hidden] [-r reserved]\n" 877 "\t[-S sector-size] [-s total] [-u track-size] special\n" 878 "\t[disktype]\n", 879 __progname); 880 exit(1); 881 } 882