1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.19 2009/10/27 23:59:33 deraadt Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/param.h> 31 #include <sys/stat.h> 32 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 33 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 34 #include <sys/mount.h> 35 36 #include <ctype.h> 37 #include <err.h> 38 #include <errno.h> 39 #include <fcntl.h> 40 #include <paths.h> 41 #include <stdio.h> 42 #include <stdlib.h> 43 #include <string.h> 44 #include <unistd.h> 45 #include <util.h> 46 47 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 48 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 49 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 50 51 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 52 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 53 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 54 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 55 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 56 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 57 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 58 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 59 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 60 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 61 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 62 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 63 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 64 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 65 66 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 67 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 68 MINCLS32) 69 70 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 71 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 72 MAXCLS32) 73 74 #define mk1(p, x) \ 75 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 76 77 #define mk2(p, x) \ 78 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 79 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 80 81 #define mk4(p, x) \ 82 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 83 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 84 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 85 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 86 87 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 88 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 89 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 90 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 91 92 struct bs { 93 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 94 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 95 }; 96 97 struct bsbpb { 98 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 99 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 100 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 101 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 102 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 103 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 104 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 105 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 106 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 107 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 108 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 109 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 110 }; 111 112 struct bsxbpb { 113 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 114 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 115 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 116 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 117 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 118 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 119 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 120 }; 121 122 struct bsx { 123 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 124 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 125 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 126 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 127 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 128 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 129 }; 130 131 struct de { 132 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 133 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 134 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 135 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 136 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 137 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 138 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 139 }; 140 141 struct bpb { 142 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 143 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 144 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 145 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 146 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 147 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 148 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 149 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 150 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 151 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 152 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 153 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 154 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 155 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 156 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 157 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 158 }; 159 160 static struct { 161 const char *name; 162 struct bpb bpb; 163 } stdfmt[] = { 164 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 165 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 166 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 167 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 168 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 169 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 170 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 171 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 172 }; 173 174 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 175 0xfa, /* cli */ 176 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 177 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 178 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 179 0xfb, /* sti */ 180 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 181 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 182 0x5e, /* pop si */ 183 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 184 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 185 0xfc, /* cld */ 186 0xac, /* lodsb */ 187 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 188 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 189 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 190 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 191 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 192 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 193 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 194 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 195 0x0d, 0x0a, 196 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 197 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 198 0x0d, 0x0a, 199 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 200 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 201 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 202 0x0d, 0x0a, 203 0 204 }; 205 206 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 207 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 208 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 209 struct bpb *); 210 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 211 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 212 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 213 static int oklabel(const char *); 214 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 215 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 216 static __dead void usage(void); 217 218 /* 219 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 220 */ 221 int 222 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 223 { 224 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:"; 225 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 226 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 227 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 228 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 229 static int opt_N; 230 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 231 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 232 struct stat sb; 233 struct timeval tv; 234 struct bpb bpb; 235 struct tm *tm; 236 struct bs *bs; 237 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 238 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 239 struct bsx *bsx; 240 struct de *de; 241 u_int8_t *img; 242 const char *dtype, *bname; 243 char *sname, *fname; 244 ssize_t n; 245 time_t now; 246 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 247 int ch, fd, fd1; 248 249 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 250 switch (ch) { 251 case 'N': 252 opt_N = 1; 253 break; 254 case 'B': 255 opt_B = optarg; 256 break; 257 case 'F': 258 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 259 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 260 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 261 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 262 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 263 break; 264 case 'I': 265 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 266 Iflag = 1; 267 break; 268 case 'L': 269 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 270 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 271 opt_L = optarg; 272 break; 273 case 'O': 274 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 275 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 276 opt_O = optarg; 277 break; 278 case 'S': 279 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 280 break; 281 case 'a': 282 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 283 break; 284 case 'b': 285 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 286 opt_c = 0; 287 break; 288 case 'c': 289 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 290 opt_b = 0; 291 break; 292 case 'e': 293 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 294 break; 295 case 'f': 296 opt_f = optarg; 297 break; 298 case 'h': 299 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 300 break; 301 case 'i': 302 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 303 break; 304 case 'k': 305 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 306 break; 307 case 'm': 308 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 309 mflag = 1; 310 break; 311 case 'n': 312 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 313 break; 314 case 'o': 315 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 316 oflag = 1; 317 break; 318 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */ 319 break; 320 case 'r': 321 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 322 break; 323 case 's': 324 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 325 break; 326 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */ 327 break; 328 case 'u': 329 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 330 break; 331 default: 332 usage(); 333 } 334 argc -= optind; 335 argv += optind; 336 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 337 usage(); 338 sname = *argv++; 339 dtype = *argv; 340 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 || 341 fstat(fd, &sb)) 342 err(1, "%s", fname); 343 if (!opt_N) 344 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 345 if (S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) 346 errx(1, "%s: block device", fname); 347 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 348 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 349 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 350 if (opt_f) { 351 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 352 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 353 bpb.sec = 0; 354 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 355 bpb.spf = 0; 356 } 357 if (opt_h) 358 bpb.hds = opt_h; 359 if (opt_u) 360 bpb.spt = opt_u; 361 if (opt_S) 362 bpb.bps = opt_S; 363 if (opt_s) 364 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 365 if (oflag) 366 bpb.hid = opt_o; 367 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 368 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 369 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 370 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 371 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 372 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 373 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 374 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 375 if (opt_f) 376 fat = 12; 377 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 378 fat = 32; 379 } 380 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 381 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 382 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 383 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 384 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 385 bpb.rde = 0; 386 if (opt_b) { 387 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 388 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 389 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 390 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 391 opt_b, bpb.bps); 392 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 393 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 394 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 395 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 396 } 397 if (opt_c) { 398 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 399 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 400 bpb.spc = opt_c; 401 } 402 if (opt_r) 403 bpb.res = opt_r; 404 if (opt_n) { 405 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 406 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 407 opt_n, MAXNFT); 408 bpb.nft = opt_n; 409 } 410 if (opt_e) 411 bpb.rde = opt_e; 412 if (mflag) { 413 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 414 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 415 bpb.mid = opt_m; 416 } 417 if (opt_a) 418 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 419 if (opt_i) 420 bpb.infs = opt_i; 421 if (opt_k) 422 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 423 bss = 1; 424 bname = NULL; 425 fd1 = -1; 426 if (opt_B) { 427 bname = opt_B; 428 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 429 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 430 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 431 err(1, NULL); 432 } 433 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 434 err(1, "%s", bname); 435 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 436 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 437 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 438 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 439 } 440 if (!bpb.nft) 441 bpb.nft = 2; 442 if (!fat) { 443 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 444 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 445 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 446 bpb.nft + 447 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 448 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 449 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 450 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 451 fat = 12; 452 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 453 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 454 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 455 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 456 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 457 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 458 fat = 16; 459 else 460 fat = 32; 461 } 462 x = bss; 463 if (fat == 32) { 464 if (!bpb.infs) { 465 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 466 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 467 bpb.infs = x; 468 } 469 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 470 x = bpb.infs + 1; 471 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 472 if (x == MAXU16) 473 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 474 bpb.bkbs = x; 475 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 476 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 477 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 478 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 479 } 480 if (!bpb.res) 481 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 482 else if (bpb.res < x) 483 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 484 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 485 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 486 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 487 if (!bpb.spc) 488 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 489 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 490 bpb.res + 491 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 492 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 493 rds + 494 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 495 bpb.spc <<= 1); 496 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 497 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 498 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 499 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 500 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 501 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 502 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 503 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 504 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 505 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 506 bpb.bps * NPB); 507 if (!bpb.bspf) { 508 bpb.bspf = x2; 509 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 510 } 511 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 512 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 513 if (cls > x) 514 cls = x; 515 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 516 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 517 cls); 518 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 519 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 520 mincls(fat)); 521 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 522 cls = maxcls(fat); 523 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 524 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 525 bpb.bsec); 526 } 527 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 528 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 529 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 530 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 531 if (!bpb.mid) 532 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 533 if (fat == 32) 534 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 535 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 536 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 537 bpb.bsec = 0; 538 } 539 if (fat != 32) { 540 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 541 bpb.bspf = 0; 542 } 543 print_bpb(&bpb); 544 if (!opt_N) { 545 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 546 now = tv.tv_sec; 547 tm = localtime(&now); 548 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 549 err(1, NULL); 550 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 551 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 552 x = lsn; 553 if (opt_B && 554 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 555 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 556 x -= bpb.bkbs; 557 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 558 err(1, "%s", bname); 559 } 560 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 561 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 562 err(1, "%s", bname); 563 if (n != bpb.bps) 564 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 565 } else 566 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 567 if (!lsn || 568 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 569 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 570 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 571 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 572 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 573 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 574 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 575 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 576 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 577 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 578 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 579 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 580 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 581 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 582 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 583 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 584 if (fat == 32) { 585 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 586 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 587 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 588 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 589 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 590 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 591 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 592 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 593 } 594 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 595 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 596 if (Iflag) 597 x = opt_I; 598 else 599 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 600 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 601 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 602 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 603 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 604 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 605 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 606 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 607 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 608 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat); 609 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 610 if (!opt_B) { 611 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 612 bs = (struct bs *)img; 613 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 614 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 615 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 616 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 617 sizeof(bs->oem)); 618 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 619 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 620 } 621 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 622 (lsn == bpb.infs || 623 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 624 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 625 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 626 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 627 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 628 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 629 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 630 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 631 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 632 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 633 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 634 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 635 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 636 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 637 de = (struct de *)img; 638 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 639 mk1(de->attr, 050); 640 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 641 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 642 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 643 mk2(de->time, x); 644 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 645 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 646 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 647 mk2(de->date, x); 648 } 649 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 650 err(1, "%s", fname); 651 if (n != bpb.bps) 652 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 653 } 654 } 655 return 0; 656 } 657 658 /* 659 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 660 */ 661 static void 662 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 663 { 664 struct statfs *mp; 665 const char *s1, *s2; 666 size_t len; 667 int n, r; 668 669 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 670 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 671 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 672 s1 = fname; 673 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 674 s1 += len; 675 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 676 for (; n--; mp++) { 677 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 678 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 679 s2 += len; 680 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 681 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 682 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 683 } 684 } 685 686 /* 687 * Get a standard format. 688 */ 689 static void 690 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 691 { 692 u_int x, i; 693 694 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 695 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 696 if (i == x) 697 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 698 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 699 } 700 701 /* 702 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 703 */ 704 static void 705 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 706 struct bpb *bpb) 707 { 708 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 709 const char *s1, *s2; 710 int part, i; 711 712 part = -1; 713 s1 = fname; 714 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 715 s1 = s2 + 1; 716 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 717 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 718 s2 = NULL; 719 else 720 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 721 s1 = s2; 722 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 723 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 724 } 725 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 726 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 727 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 728 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 729 lp = &dl; 730 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 731 if (i == -1) { 732 if (!dtype) { 733 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 734 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 735 "disk type must be specified", fname); 736 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 737 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 738 } 739 if (part == -1) 740 part = RAW_PART; 741 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 742 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 743 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 744 if (!oflag && part != -1) 745 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 746 if (!bpb->bsec) 747 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 748 if (!bpb->bps) 749 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 750 if (!bpb->spt) 751 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 752 if (!bpb->hds) 753 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 754 if (bpb->spt > 63) { 755 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63; 756 bpb->spt = 63; 757 } 758 } 759 } 760 761 /* 762 * Print out BPB values. 763 */ 764 static void 765 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 766 { 767 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 768 bpb->nft); 769 if (bpb->rde) 770 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 771 if (bpb->sec) 772 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 773 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 774 if (bpb->spf) 775 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 776 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 777 if (bpb->bsec) 778 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 779 if (!bpb->spf) { 780 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 781 printf(" infs="); 782 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 783 printf(" bkbs="); 784 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 785 } 786 printf("\n"); 787 } 788 789 /* 790 * Check a disk geometry value. 791 */ 792 static u_int 793 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 794 { 795 if (!val) 796 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 797 if (val > MAXU16) 798 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 799 return val; 800 } 801 802 /* 803 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 804 */ 805 static u_int 806 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 807 { 808 char *s; 809 u_long x; 810 811 errno = 0; 812 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 813 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 814 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 815 return x; 816 } 817 818 /* 819 * Check a volume label. 820 */ 821 static int 822 oklabel(const char *src) 823 { 824 int c = 0, i; 825 826 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 827 c = (u_char)*src++; 828 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 829 break; 830 } 831 return i && !c; 832 } 833 834 /* 835 * Make a volume label. 836 */ 837 static void 838 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 839 { 840 int c, i; 841 842 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 843 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 844 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 845 } 846 } 847 848 /* 849 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 850 */ 851 static void 852 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 853 { 854 while (len--) 855 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 856 } 857 858 /* 859 * Print usage message. 860 */ 861 static __dead void 862 usage(void) 863 { 864 extern const char *__progname; 865 866 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s " 867 "[-N] [-a FAT-size] [-B boot] [-b block-size]\n" 868 "\t[-c cluster-size] [-e dirents] [-F FAT-type] [-f format]\n" 869 "\t[-h heads] [-I volid] [-i info] [-k backup] [-L label]\n" 870 "\t[-m media] [-n FATs] [-O OEM] [-o hidden] [-r reserved]\n" 871 "\t[-S sector-size] [-s total] [-u track-size] special\n" 872 "\t[disktype]\n", 873 __progname); 874 exit(1); 875 } 876