1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.20 2010/05/18 04:41:14 dlg Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/param.h> 31 #include <sys/stat.h> 32 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 33 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 34 #include <sys/dkio.h> 35 #include <sys/mount.h> 36 37 #include <ctype.h> 38 #include <err.h> 39 #include <errno.h> 40 #include <fcntl.h> 41 #include <paths.h> 42 #include <stdio.h> 43 #include <stdlib.h> 44 #include <string.h> 45 #include <unistd.h> 46 #include <util.h> 47 48 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 49 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 50 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 51 52 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 53 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 54 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 55 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 56 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 57 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 58 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 59 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 60 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 61 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 62 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 63 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 64 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 65 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 66 67 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 68 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 69 MINCLS32) 70 71 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 72 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 73 MAXCLS32) 74 75 #define mk1(p, x) \ 76 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 77 78 #define mk2(p, x) \ 79 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 80 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 81 82 #define mk4(p, x) \ 83 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 84 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 85 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 86 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 87 88 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 89 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 90 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 91 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 92 93 struct bs { 94 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 95 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 96 }; 97 98 struct bsbpb { 99 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 100 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 101 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 102 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 103 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 104 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 105 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 106 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 107 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 108 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 109 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 110 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 111 }; 112 113 struct bsxbpb { 114 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 115 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 116 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 117 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 118 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 119 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 120 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 121 }; 122 123 struct bsx { 124 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 125 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 126 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 127 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 128 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 129 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 130 }; 131 132 struct de { 133 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 134 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 135 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 136 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 137 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 138 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 139 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 140 }; 141 142 struct bpb { 143 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 144 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 145 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 146 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 147 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 148 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 149 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 150 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 151 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 152 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 153 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 154 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 155 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 157 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 158 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 159 }; 160 161 static struct { 162 const char *name; 163 struct bpb bpb; 164 } stdfmt[] = { 165 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 166 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 167 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 168 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 169 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 170 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 171 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 172 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 173 }; 174 175 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 176 0xfa, /* cli */ 177 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 178 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 179 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 180 0xfb, /* sti */ 181 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 182 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 183 0x5e, /* pop si */ 184 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 185 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 186 0xfc, /* cld */ 187 0xac, /* lodsb */ 188 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 189 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 190 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 191 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 192 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 193 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 194 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 195 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 196 0x0d, 0x0a, 197 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 198 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 199 0x0d, 0x0a, 200 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 201 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 202 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 0 205 }; 206 207 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 208 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 209 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 210 struct bpb *); 211 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 212 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 213 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 214 static int oklabel(const char *); 215 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 216 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 217 static __dead void usage(void); 218 219 /* 220 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 221 */ 222 int 223 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 224 { 225 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:"; 226 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 227 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 228 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 229 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 230 static int opt_N; 231 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 232 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 233 struct stat sb; 234 struct timeval tv; 235 struct bpb bpb; 236 struct tm *tm; 237 struct bs *bs; 238 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 239 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 240 struct bsx *bsx; 241 struct de *de; 242 u_int8_t *img; 243 const char *dtype, *bname; 244 char *sname, *fname; 245 ssize_t n; 246 time_t now; 247 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 248 int ch, fd, fd1; 249 250 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 251 switch (ch) { 252 case 'N': 253 opt_N = 1; 254 break; 255 case 'B': 256 opt_B = optarg; 257 break; 258 case 'F': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 260 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 261 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 262 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 263 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 264 break; 265 case 'I': 266 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 267 Iflag = 1; 268 break; 269 case 'L': 270 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 271 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 272 opt_L = optarg; 273 break; 274 case 'O': 275 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 276 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 277 opt_O = optarg; 278 break; 279 case 'S': 280 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 281 break; 282 case 'a': 283 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 284 break; 285 case 'b': 286 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 287 opt_c = 0; 288 break; 289 case 'c': 290 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 291 opt_b = 0; 292 break; 293 case 'e': 294 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 295 break; 296 case 'f': 297 opt_f = optarg; 298 break; 299 case 'h': 300 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 301 break; 302 case 'i': 303 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 304 break; 305 case 'k': 306 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 307 break; 308 case 'm': 309 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 310 mflag = 1; 311 break; 312 case 'n': 313 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 314 break; 315 case 'o': 316 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 317 oflag = 1; 318 break; 319 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */ 320 break; 321 case 'r': 322 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 323 break; 324 case 's': 325 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 326 break; 327 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */ 328 break; 329 case 'u': 330 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 331 break; 332 default: 333 usage(); 334 } 335 argc -= optind; 336 argv += optind; 337 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 338 usage(); 339 sname = *argv++; 340 dtype = *argv; 341 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 || 342 fstat(fd, &sb)) 343 err(1, "%s", fname); 344 if (!opt_N) 345 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 346 if (S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) 347 errx(1, "%s: block device", fname); 348 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 349 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 350 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 351 if (opt_f) { 352 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 353 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 354 bpb.sec = 0; 355 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 356 bpb.spf = 0; 357 } 358 if (opt_h) 359 bpb.hds = opt_h; 360 if (opt_u) 361 bpb.spt = opt_u; 362 if (opt_S) 363 bpb.bps = opt_S; 364 if (opt_s) 365 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 366 if (oflag) 367 bpb.hid = opt_o; 368 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 369 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 370 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 371 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 372 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 373 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 374 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 375 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 376 if (opt_f) 377 fat = 12; 378 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 379 fat = 32; 380 } 381 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 382 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 383 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 384 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 385 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 386 bpb.rde = 0; 387 if (opt_b) { 388 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 389 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 390 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 391 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 392 opt_b, bpb.bps); 393 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 394 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 395 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 396 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 397 } 398 if (opt_c) { 399 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 400 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 401 bpb.spc = opt_c; 402 } 403 if (opt_r) 404 bpb.res = opt_r; 405 if (opt_n) { 406 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 407 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 408 opt_n, MAXNFT); 409 bpb.nft = opt_n; 410 } 411 if (opt_e) 412 bpb.rde = opt_e; 413 if (mflag) { 414 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 415 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 416 bpb.mid = opt_m; 417 } 418 if (opt_a) 419 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 420 if (opt_i) 421 bpb.infs = opt_i; 422 if (opt_k) 423 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 424 bss = 1; 425 bname = NULL; 426 fd1 = -1; 427 if (opt_B) { 428 bname = opt_B; 429 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 430 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 431 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 432 err(1, NULL); 433 } 434 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 435 err(1, "%s", bname); 436 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 437 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 438 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 439 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 440 } 441 if (!bpb.nft) 442 bpb.nft = 2; 443 if (!fat) { 444 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 445 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 446 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 447 bpb.nft + 448 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 449 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 450 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 451 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 452 fat = 12; 453 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 454 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 455 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 456 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 457 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 458 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 459 fat = 16; 460 else 461 fat = 32; 462 } 463 x = bss; 464 if (fat == 32) { 465 if (!bpb.infs) { 466 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 467 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 468 bpb.infs = x; 469 } 470 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 471 x = bpb.infs + 1; 472 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 473 if (x == MAXU16) 474 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 475 bpb.bkbs = x; 476 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 477 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 478 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 479 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 480 } 481 if (!bpb.res) 482 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 483 else if (bpb.res < x) 484 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 485 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 486 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 487 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 488 if (!bpb.spc) 489 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 490 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 491 bpb.res + 492 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 493 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 494 rds + 495 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 496 bpb.spc <<= 1); 497 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 498 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 499 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 500 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 501 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 502 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 503 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 504 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 505 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 506 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 507 bpb.bps * NPB); 508 if (!bpb.bspf) { 509 bpb.bspf = x2; 510 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 511 } 512 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 513 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 514 if (cls > x) 515 cls = x; 516 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 517 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 518 cls); 519 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 520 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 521 mincls(fat)); 522 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 523 cls = maxcls(fat); 524 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 525 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 526 bpb.bsec); 527 } 528 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 529 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 530 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 531 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 532 if (!bpb.mid) 533 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 534 if (fat == 32) 535 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 536 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 537 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 538 bpb.bsec = 0; 539 } 540 if (fat != 32) { 541 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 542 bpb.bspf = 0; 543 } 544 print_bpb(&bpb); 545 if (!opt_N) { 546 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 547 now = tv.tv_sec; 548 tm = localtime(&now); 549 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 550 err(1, NULL); 551 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 552 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 553 x = lsn; 554 if (opt_B && 555 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 556 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 557 x -= bpb.bkbs; 558 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 559 err(1, "%s", bname); 560 } 561 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 562 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 563 err(1, "%s", bname); 564 if (n != bpb.bps) 565 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 566 } else 567 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 568 if (!lsn || 569 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 570 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 571 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 572 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 573 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 574 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 575 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 576 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 577 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 578 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 579 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 580 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 581 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 582 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 583 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 584 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 585 if (fat == 32) { 586 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 587 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 588 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 589 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 590 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 591 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 592 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 593 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 594 } 595 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 596 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 597 if (Iflag) 598 x = opt_I; 599 else 600 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 601 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 602 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 603 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 604 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 605 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 606 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 607 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 608 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 609 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat); 610 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 611 if (!opt_B) { 612 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 613 bs = (struct bs *)img; 614 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 615 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 616 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 617 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 618 sizeof(bs->oem)); 619 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 620 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 621 } 622 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 623 (lsn == bpb.infs || 624 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 625 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 626 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 627 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 628 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 629 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 630 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 631 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 632 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 633 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 634 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 635 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 636 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 637 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 638 de = (struct de *)img; 639 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 640 mk1(de->attr, 050); 641 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 642 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 643 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 644 mk2(de->time, x); 645 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 646 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 647 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 648 mk2(de->date, x); 649 } 650 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 651 err(1, "%s", fname); 652 if (n != bpb.bps) 653 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 654 } 655 } 656 return 0; 657 } 658 659 /* 660 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 661 */ 662 static void 663 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 664 { 665 struct statfs *mp; 666 const char *s1, *s2; 667 size_t len; 668 int n, r; 669 670 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 671 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 672 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 673 s1 = fname; 674 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 675 s1 += len; 676 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 677 for (; n--; mp++) { 678 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 679 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 680 s2 += len; 681 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 682 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 683 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 684 } 685 } 686 687 /* 688 * Get a standard format. 689 */ 690 static void 691 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 692 { 693 u_int x, i; 694 695 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 696 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 697 if (i == x) 698 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 699 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 700 } 701 702 /* 703 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 704 */ 705 static void 706 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 707 struct bpb *bpb) 708 { 709 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 710 const char *s1, *s2; 711 int part, i; 712 713 part = -1; 714 s1 = fname; 715 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 716 s1 = s2 + 1; 717 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 718 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 719 s2 = NULL; 720 else 721 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 722 s1 = s2; 723 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 724 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 725 } 726 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 727 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 728 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 729 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 730 lp = &dl; 731 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 732 if (i == -1) { 733 if (!dtype) { 734 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 735 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 736 "disk type must be specified", fname); 737 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 738 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 739 } 740 if (part == -1) 741 part = RAW_PART; 742 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 743 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 744 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 745 if (!oflag && part != -1) 746 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 747 if (!bpb->bsec) 748 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 749 if (!bpb->bps) 750 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 751 if (!bpb->spt) 752 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 753 if (!bpb->hds) 754 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 755 if (bpb->spt > 63) { 756 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63; 757 bpb->spt = 63; 758 } 759 } 760 } 761 762 /* 763 * Print out BPB values. 764 */ 765 static void 766 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 767 { 768 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 769 bpb->nft); 770 if (bpb->rde) 771 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 772 if (bpb->sec) 773 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 774 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 775 if (bpb->spf) 776 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 777 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 778 if (bpb->bsec) 779 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 780 if (!bpb->spf) { 781 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 782 printf(" infs="); 783 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 784 printf(" bkbs="); 785 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 786 } 787 printf("\n"); 788 } 789 790 /* 791 * Check a disk geometry value. 792 */ 793 static u_int 794 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 795 { 796 if (!val) 797 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 798 if (val > MAXU16) 799 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 800 return val; 801 } 802 803 /* 804 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 805 */ 806 static u_int 807 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 808 { 809 char *s; 810 u_long x; 811 812 errno = 0; 813 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 814 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 815 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 816 return x; 817 } 818 819 /* 820 * Check a volume label. 821 */ 822 static int 823 oklabel(const char *src) 824 { 825 int c = 0, i; 826 827 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 828 c = (u_char)*src++; 829 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 830 break; 831 } 832 return i && !c; 833 } 834 835 /* 836 * Make a volume label. 837 */ 838 static void 839 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 840 { 841 int c, i; 842 843 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 844 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 845 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 846 } 847 } 848 849 /* 850 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 851 */ 852 static void 853 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 854 { 855 while (len--) 856 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 857 } 858 859 /* 860 * Print usage message. 861 */ 862 static __dead void 863 usage(void) 864 { 865 extern const char *__progname; 866 867 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s " 868 "[-N] [-a FAT-size] [-B boot] [-b block-size]\n" 869 "\t[-c cluster-size] [-e dirents] [-F FAT-type] [-f format]\n" 870 "\t[-h heads] [-I volid] [-i info] [-k backup] [-L label]\n" 871 "\t[-m media] [-n FATs] [-O OEM] [-o hidden] [-r reserved]\n" 872 "\t[-S sector-size] [-s total] [-u track-size] special\n" 873 "\t[disktype]\n", 874 __progname); 875 exit(1); 876 } 877